I .\ ,¡,)

A\Al.hIS DE ['\ 1'01.\'0 E\ SI',IEn,IA (['1\1<",\,

"In' ' eOlIO I.IIP[;¡¡EL\ L\ ,ligO

r. I{uht\l u. y L. \hllill/ P.

(Hecihidn: diciemhre 1<;, I<Y-')

IIISTI('\( '1,nll' (,!(,(,(fUIl l'aralll<l¡':lIl'tic [¡'''Unan!::l' nj ,'In::!'!- ;\', an impUrll\

in \l¡:\l ¡'{lI\.lt"r h,l' b('{1l "b"',"n"d al ,-h'llld Irl.qU(.IlCi, ...•.

1],(" ;ln,II\"I', uf rll(" íH1v"kr ".l{(crn fuf cuhil" .,~rllln("lr~ ..•1,,1\\.

in,.; ¡he '-"f1I ...•l'llllciin,.: "illl.:ul.Lriul ...•01 ¡he .ll, ••"rri,ln cllt\l i .•

I'r •...•'.nll"tl lOf [b, fjr.'it (llll!'. 'Ih" "'pllJ-ll.llIllll"n;"n p"r.1I1I',I'-r ....

jd[ \In:'+ in <"I¡b¡l..,jlt'.', \'1 \l¡.:tl I,,)wdvr 11('r,- ,,I'(,Ilf\ui ,11 'iOIIJ..:.

JI h.l,., 1)("<'0 , ...•I.,bJi.,he,i lh.lr (h(' ui,'>er\,',j "pt"nnm: uf \JII':'¡':.\l,l-,.{)

I'll\\dcr can [,'" illll'rprcl("d ullh h~ :hl' u"' ,,1,1 cuhic ••pill-

11.lllljjll1Ili,lfl. '~(. djJ !lol lill,i .l/II (.\id,.¡¡c.o .,J 01t,l'.~(r "\J!1l11<1f\

1'\THUDl ( ( lll\

llur.lntc 11'''' ul(iIIlO'" .1Ih," 1.1 jr¡{lorpl'_ {.Ilioll ,kl c.....P{"("(Jo "!l."Cf\,hl" !':J-1.1 \,11'111\" di' \:.l.:ll:\ln--~ lId .•.•:,1,., 'dr<IlI."i.tllll"lll( <')lIflilll\.I.

lh .••.IL. '-jlH. 1.'1\\ J '-"11 ¡'I"- lt'I'(lrt,'¡ ¡'Uf I'rllllef,l \(: ••. l'1 l' _¡'" rl' ,It 1"11(

Ill.lll.;':.lll, .••,l (n ""1l ¡ti.., , UI>lt"d ..•••,1. \l:..:IJ. ,ii\'t:r ....,' ....1[.lh.lill .•.•/;1..,.1"'" n Ll 11l!

1\ ';0 Ruhio ~ 'luliq/

l'fCI.IClI"1l ,lel t .....•reClfO (1<-1 POl\11, feplIf(.l[l ....llU;\Cillllt ..... ell 1.1....qUt. 1.\ ...•illlt'lfí.1

(..... 11l,i.... b.lj.\ (,ni!).\\(,I¡..:.I ~ T ....{.n¡.:.2 c ....ludi;lndo el c ...•P{'('(f(1 I'cfmítid\, del 1'01\'\1.

(. ,\1 1. m O) \'b ....{.f\'.lron lf,lll~iciollC"" pf,)hibid" .... d('l tip\I'..l!Il I l.

m len 1.1 P,lflt' C('lllf.d dcIl11i ...•mo. no fe\lOft.hLI .... por I.t1\\'\ ell su (' ...•Iudi\!

,lel CT1 \.ll. 1,\1 \ m dCIl\!I,lll 10 ...•núnH'ros cuántico ...•dc {'....pl11 l.lcclHlnlco \ IlU.

ele.1r rl l'cCll\ ..llll{.lItC). P.n,l irlll'fl'f{'LIr e ...•I.1 .... 1r,IlI ...•ici\!IlC .... I'S1l)S ,IUI'lfC ....Ull-

h/,III un 1\.lmilwni.1I10 .1(' 1, ....pío. qU(' n1lllil'1l1' 1.1 illll'T.llTino /cem,ln. L1llIfC.

r.11' l\"ll hircrfin,l ~ 1.\ IllICf.lcch'ln Ct'IlUll C,lllI!,\! CrL ....t.l!illll cuhico. Pllf OITO

l.ld". tClllt'lldl) en ClIl'[l{.1 qUt Hlc,lllt.\ y \{UbHl ...•~ cs[,lblt-cClI quc en el (.....P(.(.-[(',1 dI' un I'0h" ....1'110 (' .... p,l ....d,lc ,Ib ....('f\.af b lf,lll ....ici;1[1 C(:n{LI1 1- ). )

d,hlll que Ll.s 'lclll,i .... tf,I(l ....ici(l(lc .......•c (.n ...•anchan con ...•i.1cf;lhl('Illt'IH(" dl"hidll .11.1

UrLl'llt,ICI,'ll al ,I/.H de lo'" cri ....tOlk ...•('11 el 1'01\'11. \\\!I¡":,l ~ '1 ....en}.:. "'1 1.1Tlll'n tI'

con ....idlf,\Il (.....t,1 P,lft'. dt'l (, I'("("lfO p.H.1 la onl(,llci,'lll dI' lo ...• p.lf,illlelfu .... del

1\.111liltl1nidn.1dc L ....píll. 1 Ind" ('1 \'.lllH g 2.0111.í T('I'IHt,hl(1 ("lln ,llllefi,Hit!,1l1

¡,.H.I el ("fi ....(;l.! \ .1 P,lrtif dI' L! po..,ici(lll en C<l11l!,,1 P,H,I c,ld.1 Ull,1 de la ....tf,lIl ....i.el,'lle~ p(:rOlitiLi.1 ...•\ I'rlllll[,id.I ....• ohliell('ll Ull ,.110r ¡',H,l 1.1 (."n ....t,llltc ,k ,ltdpb.

1l1l(1I1,1 hireffin.1 1..\ _~o.'}2 IO-<l (':n-1) en bUl"n .ICllcrd'l ct'n .1t¡lH:11.1 fcl'm.

t.1,Lt pllr 1.\1\\.\ (11n e ....tl\-; \,d(lf( ..... \'.lf,l Iv .... p.HÚll\C(fll ....g ~ ..i dcIILuniltlllll.IIH',It ¡ ¡,in. 1,1 p" icu.,lI ('11 l.l111l'(1 de c,ld,1 Ull,l,k 1.1.... I¡tll .. l .... t'Cflllilid.1 ....\ pf"hl.

\Ji'\.l de \.1 uan ici;lll U'lItf,ll / • + l. ('....Illtl'r¡'rl"I,lda CIlO un.\ pfCCI ....I;'l1

tle lJ.1 P..IUSo;,. 111que (."Ilfr{ ....•poIHI( ;1 un.1 d( .....\i,lli,.'1I lllenOf que el anch,1 dc li.

IIl'.1 "b ....cf'.ad(l (''1:IWfilllt'IlI.llmt' IItc •.\unque e ....[;1 int('rl'ft't.lCi('llI del (....•pt'elfo (....• b,l ....{.lnt(' fil/I)Il.lhk • .1.1.1.1

1.1 pr('ci ...•i;m C,lll L1 que ...."11 .llu .•.t.ld,l~ las Iíll('~l"". \\,d¡..:.l \ .1 ....t"Il,C•• [1(1 ('111'1111.

Ir.H(1I1 un.\ ju ...•tifi, .ll'i"lll I'Llu ....ibk !"Ha Li (''l:i ....tt"lltl,1 de 1.1.... !r;lll ....ICIt1ll( ..... I'fl'.

hlbll1.l .... lIUli/,llld,1 ('xllu ...•I\.I(l\{.I1I(' ti,Tlnino, ....de (',1l1l\'1l cri ....l.¡]illl1 cúhicllo

lle (.....[.1 f,H111,!. (' ...•t,l ..... \UtlHt ....• tU"ierllll <¡u,' fecufrif .\ 1.\ únic.1 t,',ni,l

(',i ....lente h,lSI.1 (' ....t. t\lllllH'nt¡l. ('..;{abkcid.1 ror Iile~lIjt'y \' Huhin ....•3

r.lr,1 1.\ 1(1.

IC'1'fet,ICi¡ll1 de l. •...• If.lll ....I('1\III(' ...•pf\lhihitla ...•.. \1 • J. :.m . l. lb~.d,)....('11 (.....1.\{{'llfl,l. (que rf{ .....Upt'l1t. 1,1 l"xi..;{el1ci.l ,le ti.f.mill" ...•cfu/,hl(l ....de intt'f,KCi¡'"(l h1J'<f-

fill,1 «'n un C.\I11I',l cfi ....l,dillll dI' ...•illleuí.l ,Ixil) y midicndo ];¡ int(,llo;,idad Ilb ....(.f.

\,1<1;1 1',Ha LI....tr.lrl ....it'l¡llll' ...•pf(lhibida~. \\'lllg.1 y r ....cII,C2 l'lICU('lI\f,UlUO ",dol P¡¡f.L

el pafdllletHI n ';IJ ¡..:.Lu........• ( 011 l .....{(. \'aIOf raf.1 n y ilt¡ui'l ClI('olltfat!1l 1',1r.1 h¡ "n ....I.ll1t(. hiperfin.1 ,l. Illgr,lll .ljusl,H el e ••¡Wctfo oh ....ef'.;H!o CllTl una I'rl.cl ....11

1Il

lit- (J.l ¡..:,IU p.lT.1 1.1 lf.lll J(i(lllt ....• pcfmitid.l \1 • l. \r>J O" Cl"ll (J.I)'; ¡.:,lll .

¡,.lr,1 l .•.... rfl,hibid.l \{ • I •. m -l.\Ull cu,tll,lo l' t,1 1',lfeC{'fl,1 sef 1.1 Illll'rpfet.ICh\1I ",'ffect.1 Li{,¡ {' ¡'el.lr'l

nb ....(.f\.ldo I'X¡Wrillll"Il(.lllHl"ll{I'. ('xi~\( ..n .1" ....pUlll" ...•dc fUl.ft(. Ct1Iltr\I\.ef i,l. FI

pfllllefO. Jlscutid" !,(lf 1" .... pf"pl" ....•1UIOr(' ...•• l .....¡;i h.I ...•,ldll l'n (" hl"chll dt" que un

J' ,\ ') 1

p.lr;IIlI('(rO d(.' C.lI11p\l Cri:-OLt1illll ,Ixil [.In .cr,IIHk. COlllO cl ('TlC'llltr,.du.\ p,lrtir

d(,1 (.•..pec[ro dell'llh". productO UTl efecto 1I111.d>l(. ('11 ('1 Clllllporc,trniclllll del

c."'¡WClrll uh,>cn',ld'l ,1 ¡unir de IJll ("r¡:-Olal, "";ill t'lllh,lr~o. 1.1\\\ 110 CIlCOlllfl'l IJlIl-

j!1I1l<l ('vidcncia expcrimcllt.I! (IU(' delloe.na (11It" lo ..• il1[H..•• rII,Ui,L:,lne ..•o .••c clln'll-er.H,lll t"1l Ullil silllctri.1 d(. (ir" ,IX i l.

!'.H.l u.1[.lr \k rc ..•oh'cr (...•e(. prohkma, \l.olt:a y T...ell,c Ilq!.ln .1 1.1 ("UII-

clu ..•il'lll d{. llue {'S(l' \alor p.tr.1 ,.1 p.lrÚlllUftl de ("ampo cri",¡,L1i[Ju .lxil. (...•..• (ílll

repH ...•(.lIe,ltivo d('lc"'I'('nr() d('I!,I,I\'" y que 1.1 exi."'[('Il("ia tic UII.1 ..••imetrí.1 lll.í ..•

h.lja (lll(' 1.1 cúbiC,1 e ... tkbid,l. prob,lhkmclll(', <l IIIs ('sfu(.r/o ..• ("re,l<.lo ..• por 1(, ...crisl,lli(o .••('11 el 11111111("1110JI..' 1.1 Ilb(enci{'l¡) del I'oho. AU1HIllC (...•[.1 .••upo ..•ici"'1l

puede ..•er posihk. e ..• díficill'('n ..•,H (IU{' el "'(-11(1hecho tI(. trilur,lr el c(I"'1.iI

par,l uba'ner el p(lho, pruduZ,1 UI1.l lli ..•(llr ..••i(ill e,ln .i!Llnde ,¡l(ededor d,,1 ipl1 1',1-

rama,cllt'(i("o corno p.H<l producir \Jll,1 "'lllleerl.l axil C<lrac(e(i/;hl.l por \lll \"lIorde f) ')0 j!auss.

Por otro l••dll. e ..•cudio ...•("{¡('Jite ..•4-6 h.HI dUllo"'lr,ld" llue 1.1 Slll'lo.l..•i('i/lfl

hcch,1 por Bkanc\ \ l{uhins3 ('n <"U.Il\e(l.1 1.1 dcs.lp,lriciún ("11mpk(.1 del r<....•lod(. 1.1..• (r,ln ..•icion~' ..•' ('xcepto la I ->1-t, IHI (...• corr((I.I. I':"'rcc(ro ..• de

j1pl\"\I ...•ohs('rvado ..• ('xperimelllallll(,Il("S,6 mu(";¡r.11l 1.1 l::Xi~I(,IlCi,1 de tr.lll ..•icill.

n<.:,,,,diferen(es de LJ «'I)(r<1I, COIl lo cual e~ po ..•ihlt- oll('Il('r \lila infl'rm,lcillll

mu~' valiu ..•.t ael::rC.l dt. l\l ..••pariÍl11('lrlls ti(. e<lmp'l cri ...•(alino ill\{¡Jucr.tdth. ( .1-

.••i ..•imul!¡ín{.amelll( .11.1 public.Kil'lll dd ([.lb.ljll d(. \l.oIF,1 ~ T",cll,l!. ,lp.tr('C('

otro anículo ba ...ado CII cl <.:...•tudio ,k las !fan ...•ieiolles prohibid,ls ell el espn'.

[rO dc \ln'2+:\l¡.;O, dc IhllllllH' 1In y l{uhillS.7 lI¡h;ldo ..• ("Il la ('videncia ex¡wri.

melll;ll d(,1 e ..•peelro oh ...•<.:rvado en mono('ri.q.llc ..• de .\l,c-O. (..qo ..• ,luture, ("'1.1.

hlcc(.n por primer.l \T/. quc (.1 rnec;lni"'mo proPU(''''lll !,or Hk,IlH'Y y I{uhin ..• p.lr,1

la inlerp(Cl.1Ci('l(J d(. 1.1.•• lincas prohihid.ts :\,\1 • l. ".m -' 1,110 (..•• el úlliclI

p(hiblc. ;\trihuyen la CXiS(CflCi,1 dc (',"'(,1<>Iran ..•iciolles, ,1 LI mezcla ti(. 1(1,'"

ni\(O 11...• hiperfino ..•• producida por ckmellw ..••[]{l di¡l,collak ..• dclll,lmilwni,IlHl

ti,. ¡:"'pín cúbico. H,•..•.ldo ..• ("1\ ('St.1 lIucva inlerprct,lciún. p¡lr.l la ("xistcnci.1 .1(.la ... tr,lll ..•iciolle'" pr,)hihida ..• d{.1 tipo ,'Il(es IIIclll'ion.ldo. Drumh(.lkr y Rubin ..•••

aju ..•l.llJ 1.1 ",cpar,lclún Cfl camptl p,l(a (.sea ...•línc,l'" con un.1 precisilín 11c o.e;¡.:.IU..•..•• De csta fonn.l. puede (...•I<l!ll('Ccr ...•e que el trabajo tI(. c~e(Js ,IUeIH( ...••

cOlHpl('lllCIlt.1 aqu(.1 r"('alizado por Lo\\' r r<.'afirlll;l (.1 hecho de quc los iOIH ...•

m.lng¡llI( ...•" •..• e U1CUt'lllrall sieua,lll:-O ('n un,l ..•iIlH.trl.l cúbica. !'Ilr lo m(.l1o ..•• 1',1.ra (.1 (",1..•0 dcl cri,t,ll.

1{('Ci('IHcmell!t'. ( "Slrol> ha reportado 1., lIh ...•(.rv.l('iún dc 1(,IllSicione .••I,<'rrni.tid.l ...•\' pr(~lih¡d<ls .Id (':-O¡l('etro de .\ln.'+ ('n .\lg0 polvo. Al i,cual quc \X'olga) T. ..•ellg:.'

este ;tulor ,lllaliZ<l exclusi\'<lfll('[)l(' 1.1 parle C('lllr.d (1- )..;.-::--1' » del (' ..••

peClro llh"'erv<ldll ('xp('rimetlLl\rn('ll((" h.ls;'lndo ..•(' ell (.\ 11(.('110 de qU(' 1.1..• ¡1(r,l'"

rr,ln ..•i('iolle'" ( >~ 1.321. I '~!>_.;..I'~;,i)no .lp,HeCetl ('11 l.1 (...•p('("((od(' un

Rul>l" \ \\UlJll¿A

\". '1Id ...•l.1IHip ~.l ('''I'I"ClrO I'h",cr\"ado, \'or llH,di" de UII I \.lllll [coni,lll" dI F ..••

11 'lUl 'lt""ll:lr.l ttrlllln,)" de C,UllPO cri ....r,dillo .• ,iI. l:tiliz,lIhlt, {("orí,1 de pera

lur1 .L j<1¡" .1 ...•('.:.:\111<1"tlrden, ('"re .ltl{\)f obtielle \In LdllT P,tr,l l'¡ p,H.ílll("{fO '\('

.I:P¡'" ,-¡ ¡ ,',ll,a,) .,,,11 1/ 'jl).-' ti.(i l!au .......• (\l1l ("CC ,-,dur, l., .... tr,ln •.•ll-I')IH .•..•

'111;! \. \1 l. m O "'1I0 .l]u •..•I,I\\.I •.• ("(111 UII,1 prcci •..•i,.lll tic (j • .! }!,lU •.•..••

!\,:( :1l¡.: .... ¡'le 1.111i ¡\1111.1~k ..."I,ICi('\1l .\h!t"I1HLl p.tf.l Ll illtCr¡'f('{.lCU')1l \le 1.1'"

1',l1l"ILt, 11('''' pr"ll,llll!.L" ("•• ,le ).'" 1!,1U•.....• I)or OCTl) Lldo, utiliz.ln¡{,l L, fl,o:J.l ,le

¡:,,¡,1.¡,1, ... de Hk.lllt'\" \ 1\llhil1".~ pard LIs tran,iciollf's pr"hibid,l ...• lIh[icIlC" '[ f) : [1 <.;.LI••.••.•..,cmq,llltl' .d llll1('ripr par •• el P;lf,ÍIlH.trll .ni1. 1 ... ClIP-

\( l,l:JI J1(,ll'Il.I! {.'n el fin de h.1c('r ("llIllpar.IClllllC") {jUL' elI1.11ll111"1l1.l11tl

, •.••'l1l 1,1 ; •.. :d" (11 l "'(' U,lh.lil' emple.l un.1 COll •.•(;1I1((' de (ampo cri •.•t.llin,'

(j 1 ~,,: ¡" d( 1.1U(J!I/,ld,l p(lr ~,,1¡.:.1 \' '1 ...('n~. 1I,lci(,Ilt!(l c •..[a C(lll-

,(', ",.JI k ,0\ "ln,l1. ('11Ill11("'(.•.•• que' Ill'" r(''''uit.ldo •.• llbtl'uidll'" por

( • ... ., l.. (lllCI,l!ll('" {tll1 .HllI(.lll'''' rcpI,r(,ulll'" ("lln .lnt("ril1fIlI.Hl pur

111 .<l.! ,; "'in Clllh.IT.;!'" (.111CUl .•.•lil'Il.lhle T(,"'1I1Ia c •.•t.l i[¡{('rrn.(.ICil'llI del'''':'( L: " I( p.,]\,' (,'Ill" ,Iquel!., J¡("dl.l 1'1" \\(ll~~l~ '1 ",('n,C. 1l',1iClldll cn cucn-

Ll /t'''' ! lJl,l"" l:l ..•( \1(1\1,'''' CI'l1 .IIIHfl('[hl.ld.

\\.!I (ll.llll!" 1 11re.did.ld ,ti tlhllllCr el pl1h'0. 1.1 "'llIlC[rl.1 cútl\C.1 inici.d¡", 'l •..• ;,,1:1 IIIt •.•n ¡',Ii.l'~¡,1 "'l'!" ,I,il. el (""'pcctrO d('ll'oho Ikhcrí.llIlll"'-

,1 <.. :.1 "'(( he,!J •. :1:t"'!].l[ltl' 1.1 .q,.lfICi('1l de un IlUllll"T,l determlll.llio

(( illlllllH,'''' \ ,il\,'rL:l"llC1.I'" l ,'[]l1' <;t" !HUI.•.•(T;1 c,plíci(.lnH'fl'(' en 1.1Hd. (,. :'lll

llnt,.¡r¡.:" III III (.1 [T~l¡',lio .1(" \\(ll)!.1 \ T"'(,lIg ni (Ilel de (,¡"'[Tn"'C h.l 1ll" •.•trallo

{\I.cnl ..• !( t ..•~t ul'll.1, "1', ,'o "'::1 l.mh.u)!I'. Clit:''''Ú\lIl.lhl(. en (.1 tr.1h.110 dl' ( ~1•.•11,1. 1,. rl'rr('-

"'(:1~.1 1,:11, (ll.> ti" l'\" 1" (l_o) p.H,1 l.1 .qu"'((' dI' Ll~ líll(',l'" ob •.•eT\.\ll.l •.•• ((l-

101' PUl 1"'1 1.1 l~l'f. o;, c-.l{' :íll)!lllll IHl repft .•.•l.nt<l nillJ.!.lÍll 1~1I11[11 {'ri(ie,'

1< 1.1 ,!l •.•"rl l,ln dc tJlI ¡~\,h\l. P.lT;l ,,1 (",1"'0 d(: UIl.1 "'lIlletTl.1 ,1'\i1 lo ...1'1111["'" 1 111 ~.le 1.1 ("un,! ,it- .lbsllrcioll ,1<- un l'0ho. lo [epre •.•ell (.l¡] 1)"

~. i 1 ¡'rllIlCrO repr( .•.•l"lIt<l el (";1"'11 cn que (,1 Cllllpll 1lI.1g11('¡ill' ("S(d

,'~lt1T:.1.1' ¡'.I,.dcl,l ,tl cje l'ol.tr. micllITd'" que {'1",('~und\li' -... 2)repr( .... t:llt.L

•. l •.•t;t .•U lllll l'l1 'lut' (1 (',lInrl' l\l.1~nCt11'I' •.•e e,"l'uclllr.l ,lpli,';hl" l'l'r¡"'lldICul.lf

.1 l':. 1'.,r,1 ('1 ('.1'1' ,It 1.1 tr.lll"'lciún ({"¡lIral )<. + ) (' .••i ...[e tllr.1 "'ln'<':U-

InT.1.hl d.hLl PIIT ("11•.•-1 -T. De .l\llll •.•e pU('ll(' cOllcluir. ('l\tllll({'~, (lUC 1.1 •.•"'11l,:::-UI,lrl,1.I,ic'" I'rc"'ult{'<; (tr;llI"icil111C"'¡ en el (....rl.ctrt1 l\e Ull Pl

ll\lI 1'11 ..•imc-

(11,\ .l,1I ,!( h<..'lI "'l'r dchHI.I'" ,1 ( .•.•tl) •.• [ft .•••PUI1ttl'" erilicll'" ~ <-¡Ul 1",11 lo [.111[(1. (1

,1]11,"'11.'dI'] c"'P(" tI" u •.•an,io un :ín~lllol' -(¡-;-(I lI,l lít:lll' l\111,<.:un ",cllti,I".

\1111 p.H.I (,1 el"''' de \111.1 •.•inH'uí.1 cúbic,l ('111111' •.•" Ill\H .•.•{T.1 ('11 ('1 ,\P('U.

dlCC ,le ("...(C tLlh.li'l. el :ín.l.:uI11 ,; (1-" IH1 reprt .•.•(.Ilt.l llill,Cún PUflll' cri1lCl1 ('11

1.\ UIl\.1 tic .\b,"'IIT<.. i('l1 dcl pohllo E ...tll. por "'UPUC"'[¡l, Pllll(' en dud.\ 1,\ \;did(,/

dl "'u'" 11l11'rpTI:I.Il';lI11('S,

I "

'n el PT('''("rll(' tr.l~aj(l '( f(-pIHta l'] (.•.•p(.('[TO ,!t- \111:'¡':\1[>1) " 1\

tr.llld'l dt, 1ll.1JH'r.1 11111\("LIT.l 1.1 (\idCl)ci.1 (.xpcrilll<:Jlta! qlle ¡.,(.t! i l' ,If '[O, fl~

LIJH{'111t", qUt' 1.1 '''111 ('lfí,l ('11 l., cllal ";C' {'IlClH'ntran lo, IllllC' Illanr..l"(

I~ol\'(l e" ('úhicl y 111' .\xil, como fllt: pr1lrU{' •.•t;1 con an«'rillfi,!.ld (ll ,'lr'l" fr

h,ljn .....:.o Por nITo l.ltio. ,1 rartlr del (.... [lIdio dc 1,)'..; piel'''' 01, •.•(,[ .\ t"

(.•.•p(.crrn. <;.{' dCI(,TIIlIILI ,,] \",II"T t. Y el par;Ínn'ITo dt" r.lInl',1criq :iir'l {ul>:("{\.

{"IlC-olllr.lndo<.;," que 11'''' va!orl .••• oh[(.nido .....tic' ( .•.•101Tn;lIH'f,l. e"! 111 o; 111\1\ ¡'lJ("O

acuerdo ton a<¡Ut'.II"", Teronadn, por !-,)\\' 1 {'11(.1 Criq.ll.

Fl cristal dc \l,cO:\ln;:+ fllt" crecido ,1I1.ldíendo O.c;,'";C'l! ¡-'("dl ,lr "\'llL,dc llJ.lfl¡.!:.lneso a Ll ...•.11 de <lxidt1 dí' rnapH: ...•io. El I'ol\"o (ue (l~1ft"ni JI' l'llf t~l(lJ-

raciún tkl cri.'-tal t"1l un mortero dc c{'nlmica. Lo .....('sp('("tr\1 ...•...•{" ()htll'.'lf :,",

ulilizando un ('slH'etrt'lIlH'tro "Mí.lIl \,-.iSúO Irahajandtl C('rCI de (J.') t,!! ...• L.l

Ci1\"ítLld utilizada durante (' •.•to ....•(....•tudios fue un.1 cilíndrica 1'1"(}i1' 1..1 I'l)"'j~

Chln en (".1[111'0de !.h linea •.•tic f('"onancia fue medida utilí/.lndl' T(' "t'fl.I(]C 1.\m,l.c:IH-til.l nuclear.

1.1 espcctro oh ...er\"ado {'xperilll("nlallll('lltt" ...•l. lllIH....•lld f'n la 1 i~~llr.l ¡.donde p\ll.tI<' \"l'r"'e de manera ("Lir;l la exí .•.•t(.llci.1 de homhro ...•('1) la !"II~f t.'X~

tern.l de 1.1 r('.c:iún ((,l1lral. En I.lmi •.•ma fi.c:ura "'1' I'r("I'nt;1 la idl'ntific,lt'ioll

dl' cld.l uno de It" .c:rul'0S hipcrfíllO'" P,lr.l 1.1...•!f( .•.. singu!.Hh!.l(les de I,¡ ('Uf'.1

de .lh"'llr("lt)n (\Tr .-\p;'ndice). 1-:1 l""Pl'ctro (u(' inrnprel,d" lJllli •....lIl\~\' un 11.1r'.¡1t ,_

níano de I':"'rín dad •• por:

\/- S

dtllHk lo ...•r¿:rmino •.. ,í('llen l.1 •..ignificadn ;ICo ...•tlllllhrado. P.Ir.1 t1iHencr '.. 11(1(('

arro'XlIll.hl,' ...•de 10 ...•jl;lr,llll('{fo .•..£. a ~ :1, ,l' urili/" {('nri,1 dI' Il("f[Urt-.lci,IIJt'.'" .1

''''l)~Ulldtl nrdell. ll ...•,llldo 1.1 po .•..icltlfl ('n c<lmpt1 de In ... pic-IJ~ "h ...CI'.uill ....•('1\ (.¡(' "pccrro.

['lla ,.(./ o1Jf(.nidn ...•Jo" pfllll('fP'" \.,110(( .•.. 01 l' l'''t,l [\l,ll1('fil ...(' pn'({,'¡II' .1

di,l.cllll.llizar l"Xacl.lllll'Tltl' I.t rn.ltfi •.. .1(" ('Ill'r¡.:i.l. lI"ando UIl programa di' C"lll-

pULldor,1 C\l\"O ...•dl.f.III( ....•han ...•id,) r('l'nrt.ldo", ("'fl ,lflt('riori,l."i.Q 1 .• 1 C"ll ...•{.lntl'

hipcriifl,l A." fUl' def('fminada.1 p,Hlir dc la trall".l('íOIl 1- / <.1+ ) \llil¡/,;¡Il~

do orfl' I'rllgr.lm.1 de Cllll1¡'lll:ll!nr.l. 'Pil' tr,lh.li.l ("...•{"\( ¡.¡!oH'nH' lIfili/;lndtl 1.1 /'s-prl ....•IClIl r{"p(lrt.ld.1 I'{l~ \t--f.I.C.lm !ik,lne~. 1" p.lf.l 1.1 I"""¡Clt'lll ("n (',lmpl' ,le 1".1.

da UII.I .1,. 1.1" iífl" 1...•hi¡-'Cffillol ....• 1",. \".llpa .....('f]("'.llrrado ...•d, (....•t.1 fllrm,l. 1'.lr 1

l .. \ '"d

'tiC. .

•la•. >o~01°~~

L

TTJ:

L

Cu

I~

-...o

'ti 11

-o

'"..

.., ,o ~, ~c..":

~.~. -

::::: ::

-:; ~

: ;:t...::, "

-,

)._( 11'::\<"1,,.11 (ll 1.1T.¡hll l. ("<lnjullt,ullllll, cnn Hlll{' I In ... f('l't1n.1,jno.;

',,:, '. (":l'li I"J,-d,. ,.1''''{T'.H'1 1 !"lrll' (!c ('t;l Tah!'!. r1l1f"'~ 1••.

•••• 11h ¡n ,\l."ucr,1" ,,'n .I(pJ(~ll,) ..• P'I',tlrt,lt!tl" rllr 1.,1'.\ C'I ( 1 {Ti •.••!1l"'~ I ¡ l!" (f ,nl,\t-c{' ("1 hn h<l de que 1.1 •••illl("tri,l ,l!r{'d,.dpr ti, ItI, lt'r1f'''

n1 J' r "'P{(!TI' O!, .•.•,.r\.Hln ('11 el p"ho. (.... \'úhic.l \ Iltl _.,d, c"m"lu{ "'r' "J/",( "'H ,'tr" ....,llt!t'rl •.•• 1:1 ....I,en,' dc' (J \ .\. flJCr(l~1 Illnl.hLl'" dlT"CLI-

'. ¡¡",' d,1 ,lIrl' lijo (i{ i.\,"~'.1',., .": .• 1.11,,. e', lI':~(lrl.lTllf IllCnCitlll,H. 11'lC" (',,¡..;t("n"II:'('q"I •.•iclllllC';;

''1''( 1 ' •.•lr,ln":, ',l'~'" pr"l,d,; Ll ....'. I'Cr1l1itld.l .•.•("11 L\ 1',lrt(' CCrlfr,i1 del (""'o{,c.

'~". I- ....!" In'!I\ . {TIl'fl'-',' ...•.q:l'" , ll.tlqui("r in!(,IHP J111T tr,H.lr d(' df"I("rmin,H p.la

Ir!H tr." LIt Il,l'll¡l-n'll,l¡l" de 1 'pill. rn{ JUTl\(" 1.1fe;..:l.l ,le' intCfl'I.l.lll('" 'In

~lHn,H "n 1'\'(""1 I 1.1 ("l'n{.:h~I("\O"'11 de L. lin(',l" p("lmirid"", •..upcrpue •.•1.1•..• 11{"Y,ll "fl"lr"_ III ,"., 1ll,l'llt ')1('. ,1 rt "'nll 1,1" •.• r,1~"'(\"" ••.•{ ¡'''c,le concluir. pI'! lo l¡ltl

a

..,

"l'!',

'! "1)'jl'"

< <.

~1 I

1 l!l fnrn'

1\1'1)'11'" lit ',Hl ,1 llTl ',',ll,'r r,la

,er Illleq'fl"f,I,I" ('11 r¡"r:,l!I'" ,1,

1r1'1-"lffi{''lfe r::1 t ,"~1!''¡c~i,,:,dilll

11" ]¡,l\ l'I!!:..'IHld r,l,(ln ;-',1(",1 11llli/,H •.•imc{fl.l'" m,l'" hll,I •.•• Pr)! ,'P" I Hin, ,( 11

II'l':r,lli" , 'l,d.lccl'f 1.\ C(l[:"'I,I("llIl,1 n(" ("',Hil ('llIfr- (,1 ";('f"'Trl' l'h •.•,-r\',It1n en

f.l "l"i-;I,1i j llllT(-! dI ¡,,,ho 1""'" ,r,1 .Ie (' ...¡""r,lf"'f'.

I ~1¡'lll\lfl1r(. I'I"\l'rno,,, {"lit lUir ljl]f' 111(",1, l"tl

fl,l,l,l /", ('1' !~,J!I;O. "(' rll('L!{ ("!,I!Jl('cf"rl. 111,,!),.Ir" d(" \tJl' :\11.:011',);' p) pI](,I(

111,1'1" dI 1"'1'11\ ("I1[([)I("n.l" C,\r

In_ 0'](" 1" •.•

I\H' S ~ (1 ¡ (; \~~(i \

1.11"""'1<1"1\ '"' ,'111\' lll.l~ll,'rll'<'"' 11,' 1"1<1.1 lItl.\ .1 •. 1.1- r~ "1" " ,,','

1'(~;'11",I"l' '!~ \.\ _ ¡ f' • l '¡,I,: I l'

11 11 - a ( ~",.-0.... - ~II((1," .. ,

¡: :\ ')-

e orl

(2)

donde es el ,ingulo enue el C,lmp(I nLlgIH:¡ico ~ y ,,1 {'JC Z v:' c<.; el ñ.ll,uulo

que fora\<! Lt pr'l\ccci"q ,kl campn nl.lgni'[ic,l C'l ~.!Flano xy con (.1 ci'-' x.LI ClIí\,l de ,lh"'orclún pa,.,l liPa tr,ll1 ...ici/H1 tLld,! en cl c<.;pcc(r,) d(, lIn

po!n1 p\Jedc rc¡-rc"'cl'!ar"'(" p"r'

\ r 1/ ' ) (l/Jj- .. )'1/

-11 \, lJ sen ds

,\on<1c d.~ c'> l., ",('ce¡,'m de \.. n!f\';l en el ~1L>,nn definida pnr 11 (.:. ;') 1/'

\ l'" 111 ('" C l gf,l'!icl1t<: di' IJ rOleado COq rCS[1"C!ll ¡¡ 1.1<'; .?.. \';niahl,.... y:1."", PIC(1:~ de .1h •..¡,rci¡"n en ("1 ~'sn('CT.C d(. 'In Ptlh.¡) ,lpaf('«'ll (",\(\a \,( .."

que v. r~'nl!,1 l!!),t ••.íllguhridad f,'n {"1 lnrc¡:r.!1""1l11l (1(: ~~). {.... d('cir.

, 11 (J.

:\ p,lrtir (k Lt ('Xp"('SIO!l (2) e ('nC!I('nrran que la in¡,:u!.lfidade<.; dI' la{1If\;1 de .lh •.••'fe ¡t'n de 1 pol':(1 rilL1 sinl{'ní¡l CÚh:c.l (,,,,;in dad;l ... pllr:

:1 /1:1""0:1';'/ ((Jractl'rí'dlca

" r (lO!i homhl""o

() [1 (lO homhro

'2 _./2 [Il)" i h nm hrn

2 '/í ;" í 1 O> di\"('rg.

••• ~.: 1-1 <' 111>- h()flll~rn

(",!',lC!( ':','11 : l'..;p('cifir;uLI ("11 l,t (,1])1;\ ¡\n!crinr •..(" CIlCflf1T"'" llt;li-

~Indl' 111~'l •..m(' ,¡n,:l •..t ••• '1,"\f'l"CI.l" (n'l ,ll1f{'~inri(I,ld.~

l{ I I I [~: ',' I • ..:

,.

,,,

F ..\ 'lH Huhío y \lUIIOI'

í. 1'.K.l\l1('uhühl. l. (in'm. Ph~'"" 3.~Ilt,l(¡O) 10-j.

c;,. l. Ruhio \ l.• \lurioi'. H(",. \le". riso 2.! (II}-') I ..\I)~.(l. H.\\. R('\fI{lld •.•• L.:\. B(lacncr. (.H. l'lnch .. \. (h,l((,Llin ,\fld

\1.\1. \hf.lh.lm. l. (lH"m. Phy ...• :;(, (Ilr2) ')(,11-;-.

1.1'. f)rlJln!l(.lkr .lnd H.,-. Huhín .•.••Pln ...• Hn'. I~{ (It)()j).\ IOCj(J.

S. J. (,I •..tro, 'Ie •..i ...Prof( .•..ioll,d. Fae. d( (i('neia •.•. 1''-:,\\1. I(r.í.\'t'.I"'( LlInhl('n l. (,hIHl ,. \. Ikhr.-Ín I.úPCi' H(llclín "oc. \kx. J•.••I (1<)-1) ~-,i.

,y. \l. \1. ,\!Jr,dl 1I1l. (,. \\. ( l.HL C. H. hllch. H. \}.. H("yoold •.. ,Il!d

IL /.("Id("...• l. (IH'111o pln' ...•')0 (19ú(J) 20')-.¡(J •. \. ,\hr,l,l:.'1l1 B. ll!call(,Y, EJerlrrm Param{/~,¡di( U{'~mJ(J11((' o/

'/ r{/ll",irnl /Ims (( Iafllldoll Pre .•.•.•.••Oxfonl. 1970). p. 17').

11. L.\1. \l,l(<Hfl ..•.•(.• llld (.I\ikuchí. J. Phys. (heril. "olid .•.•1 (11)')(¡) 117.

1(151'\11-::\

El (...•I'(.("(ro ,k rC"'llllancia pafamagnética ('I{'etf(-lflicól 1',lf,1 \fn2+ tOl\)t1

iml'llr('/.l ('n 1'01,0 dc \l~() h.l ..•ido OhS<'fvad,) <.'0 la hand.\ \" dí' ff("CU(.!1('la •.••

•..•(. I'f(''''('[I(.1 p,lr PrlllH'r.1 'l'/ ('1 .In;ilisís r,lfa la ínH.'fprct,ICi¡'ln de un 1'1''''(> ('11

clcl •..o dt" Uf!.1 ...im('(fí,l cúhica mo ..•trando (."plíci[.lm('nt(. la •.••.. in}.:ul.lritLtd( .•..

dt" i.l cun'a dí' ,lh"'l.rcil'ln. L() ... p.lr,-ilnetros Jelllamiitoniano de I..•..pill p,lf.1 1011(••.•

nl.ll1~,ln( •..o ('n "'Itio •.• cúhi("(l'" £la'foll obtenidos a p,Htif dcl (.•..,'cctro del pO"Ll

.1 ~(jOI\.••.••c c •.•t,¡11It.('(' de 1l1,H¡('fa dcfiniti",l t¡tl(' {'I (.•.•,'('C1rO del po 1\, " p.na

.\llIl~:\l}.:() pued(' "'('f illl('rl'fcl.ldl) u<;,lntio l'xclu •.•i"am('n{(' l{.fminll .•.•de (",lmrO

cri •..t,diIlLl cúhico. ~o "'l' (,llcontf() nin,guna c"idencia de un.1 "'llllctrí.l ll1,i ..• l¡¡lj.1

como ],.1 •.•ido propu( ....to por OlfP'" .lulOf(:.' •.••