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R. Seppelt, C.F. Dormann, B. Gruber, F. Eppink, S. Lautenbach, M. Volk
ACES Conference, Naples Florida, 9th Dec. 2008
Martin-Luther UniversityHalle-Wittenberg
On the value of the ecosystem services concept:
An idiosyncratic synthesis of regional studies their methods, results and promises
Seite 2
Why are we interested in Ecosystem Services?
1. ESS raise awareness of Nature’s silent work.
2. Acts as a framework for inter- and transdisciplinary work.
3. It gives us specific ecosystem properties to focus on.
4. Through monetarisation of ESS we can employ the full economic weaponry to tackle environmental problems.
5. It’s a new buzzword, a selling point.cynical
political
practical
technical
economical
Seite 3
Background of this study
German Ministry of Research and Technology (BMBF)
State of the art review of international research on regional land use management and impacts to ecosystem services and green house gas emissions
Resulted in a call for research projects (published October 2008, Review 2009, Funding 2010-15)
Seite 4
Approach
Scientific Review, Web of Science Doubling time of 2 year ~250 paper analyzed in detail
Results Meta-analysis Synthesis Research recommendations
0
50
100
150
200
250
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
"Ecosystem Services" in Title only "Ecosystem Services" in Topic
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General conclusion from 250 papers
• models and field experiments often fail to consider interactions between ecological processes
• majority of studies consider one or two ecosystem services
• disregard the link between policy measures and ecological dynamics.
• the relation between ecological processes and human welfare is often limited to monetarisation
• many studies involve stakeholders only to evaluate parameters and outcomes of models.
• McCauley, 2006• Balmford et al., 2007;
Ghazoul, 2007• Armsworth et al., 2007;
Boyd and Banzhaf, 2007; Turner and Daily, 2008; Costanza, 2008
Seite 6
4 facets of Ecosystem Service Assessments
biophysical realism service trade-offs
off-site effects
?
stakeholder involvement
ensure biophysical realism of ecosystem indicators and models;
provide information on trade-offs
consider off-site effects
ensure implementation of management options by comprehensive stakeholder involvement
Seite 7
Biophysical realism
measurement, modelling and monitoring of ecosystem services is the foundation
studies make use of simple (proxy) indicators for variables
degree of aggregation is beneficial without losing too much of the complexity of ecological systems
consistent insights into the ecosystem impacts of human actions
•Sandhu et al. (2008)•Kremen et al. (2002)•Schröter et al. (2005) •Boumans et al. (2002)•Jakeman et al. (2006)
biophysical realism
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Trade-offs
Ecosystem services are not independent of one another
many ecosystem studies focus on a small number of selected services
Ecosystem service could play an important role in helping policy makers understand local welfare impacts that they may not have considered otherwise
•Foley et al. (2005) •Carpenter et al. (2006)•Chan et al. (2006)•Naidoo et al. (2008)•Steffen-Deventer (2006)
service trade-offs
Seite 9
Off site effects
Ecosystem processes are coupled at small as well as large scales, both temporally and spatially
consequences of local decisions on far-away ecosystem (‘off-site effects’) are not considered
So far the consideration of off-site effects has been virtually absent in the ecosystem services literature.• Ecological Footprint (EF)• Water Footprint (WF)
• CBD §3• Scharlemann &
Laurance (2008) • Wackernagel & Rees
(1996) • Hoekstra & Chapagain
(2006)
off-site effects
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Stakeholder Involvements
?
stakeholder involvement
ecosystem functions become ecosystem services when they benefit humans
The contribution of stakeholders can be broadly allocated to three stages of ecosystem services research: • identification of relevant ecosystem
services and indicators, • prioritizing of services according• ownership of suggested policy
options Research into the role of stakeholders
and the success
• Cowling et al. (2008)• Goosen et al. (2007)
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Summary
Consolidate the progress made Develop consistent frameworks for
designing and assessing policy options for the sustainable use of natural resources.
Including all four characteristics in one research study implies a major effort, with respect to finance, time and interdisciplinary cooperation.
Nevertheless, lets try it….
Seite 12
Project Proposal: BESSER
Objective: Develop Blueprint with Concept for Ecosystem Services studiesProtocol for Ecosystem Services AssessmentToolbox for Ecosystem Services models
Series of international in situ workshops at ESS project sites Review / discuss Study according to Concept, Protocol and Models Funding of Workshops, PH.d. Students, Sabbaticals, International Networking
BESSER: Blueprint for EcoSystem SErvices Research
Homework:
- Case
Studies?
- Participatio
n?-E-mail:
Ralf
Homework:
- Case
Studies?
- Participatio
n?-E-mail:
Ralf
Seite 13
Many thanks
for patiently listening
and of course to
Co-authors and others for discussion,
BMBF for funding
Remarks, Questions to