R Presenting the Results - FTP-UNUinnri.unuftp.is/pdf/Iceland04-Rapfish2.pdf · Presenting Rapfish results 2. ... Jap sar Bra sar SA sar Adsar lam Adsar vol ... Correlations of Rapfish

1

RAPFISH 2

1. Presenting Rapfish results

2. Example from small pelagic fisheries

3. Example from sport fishing status

4. Using Rapfish to evaluate compliance with the FAO Code of Conduct

5. Papers published using Rapfish

Towards Ecosystem-Based Management Rapid Appraisal of Status

RekyavikRekyavik, February 2006, February 2006

RAPFISH:

Presenting the Results Presenting the Results

2

Ecological - b

ICspgICsum

BFun W

BFun S

Balt

NS 97

Nor96

Jap sar

Bra sarSA sar

Adsar lamAdsar vol

MexCz sar

Peranc75

Peranc69

Adanc vol

Adanc lam

Jap SET anc

Jap anc

SA anc

BADGOOD

Small Pelagic fisheries – Ecological Rapfish ordination

Ecological REcological RAPFISHAPFISH for Canadian Fisheriesfor Canadian Fisheries

GoodBad

snow crab Area19

lobstershrimp

cod mackerel

herring E

capelin

herring spawn-on-

kelp

ling

salmon

trawl

herring W

halibut

0 20 40 60 80 100

Presentation Rapfish plot

3

How to label x,y points in Excel ?How to label x,y points in Excel ?

Use Label Points VB subroutine

Install tricksCopy ‘Form’ and ‘Module’

Ecological - a

BC76BC96

BC66

BC62

BC50BAD GOOD

Nor96

Nor90

Nor50

Nor80

Nor70

Nor60

NS97

NS90

NS80

NS75

NS64NS50

Herring – 2DTime series plot - Ecological Rapfish ordination

4

Ecological

0

20

40

60

80

100

1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

perc

enta

ge s

core

Norwegian SS herringBC herringNorth Sea herring

Rapfish Time series plot:Ecological Evaluation field - Herring

Social

Alternative plots for Rapfish scores

Histogram of scores for 2 sites compared

5

SokTrol

SokSen

SokGil

PkTrol

PkSen

PkGil

CohTrol

CohSen

CohGil

CmTrol

CmSen

CmGil

ChiTrol

ChiSen

ChinGil

SalTrol

SalSen

SalGil

Ling96

Ling89

HerSpw

PacHerPacHal

Grnd97

NShpESNShp

SClp

CodOff

CodIn

CodTrw

CodTap

CodHan

CodGilMakDinMakAt

LobDing

Lob

BFun W

BFunS

SnCb19

SnwCb

Cap

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Alternative plots for Rapfish scores

‘Genetic distance’plot

Fishery Ethical Ecological Technical Economic Social Herring spawn-on-kelp 1 4 2 1 1 Herring, Zone 4WX, Weir (NS) 2 30 4 20 10 Northern Cod (2J3KL), Handlines 3 37 1 36 15 Salmon, Sockeye, Troll 4 3 11 18 9 Northern Cod (2J3KL), Traps 5 39 3 38 26 Northern Cod Inshore 6 38 10 35 30 Scallops 7 27 28 33 11 Crab (Snow), Area 19 (NS) 8 28 12 26 2 Salmon, Chinook, Troll 9 14 14 11 5 Salmon, Troll 10 12 18 17 4 Lobster, Dingwall (NS) 11 29 7 25 17 Salmon, Pink, Troll 12 6 17 21 8 Salmon, Coho, Troll 13 18 16 8 7 Shrimp (northern), E. Scotian Shelf Trawl 14 2 33 28 24 Salmon, Chum, Troll 15 5 15 13 6 Northern Cod (2J3KL), Gillnet 16 40 13 37 32 Caplin (NF) 17 19 27 41 13 Lobster (Atlantic) 18 24 7 29 14 Shrimp (northern) (NF) 19 32 32 32 31 Mackerel, Dingwall (NS) 20 17 30 34 3 Northern Cod (2J3KL), Trawls (otter) 21 41 42 40 41 Mackerel (Atlantic) 22 23 25 42 27 Crab (Snow) 23 34 9 31 12 Herring, Zone 4WX, Seine (NS) 24 26 26 27 29 Salmon, Sockeye, Gillnet 25 9 24 19 18 Salmon, Gillnet 26 13 19 16 23 Salmon, Chinook, Gillnet 27 10 20 9 22 Salmon, Coho, Gillnet 28 25 22 12 20 Salmon, Chum, Gillnet 29 7 21 14 21 Salmon, Pink, Gillnet 30 8 23 22 19 Halibut 31 1 29 23 28 Herring, 1996 32 11 31 24 16 Lingcod, 1996 33 21 5 15 40 Northern Cod Offshore 34 42 41 39 42 Salmon, Pink, Seine 35 20 39 10 35 Salmon, Chum, Seine 36 16 37 5 37 Salmon, Seine 37 31 35 7 39 Salmon, Sockeye, Seine 38 22 36 6 34 Lingcod, 1989, SoG 39 15 5 30 25 Salmon, Coho, Seine 40 36 40 4 36 Salmon, Chinook, Seine 41 33 38 3 38 Groundfish trawl 42 35 34 2 33

Comparing rank orders of Rapfish scores in different fields

Alternative plots for Rapfishscores

Rank Order

Top Quartile Ethics

Bottom Quartile Ethics

Top 2

Bottom 2

6

Technical 0.08

Economic 0.34 -0.15

Social 0.46 0.55 -0.03

Ethical 0.05 0.64 -0.36 0.68

Ecological Technol. Economic Social Ethical

Code 0.36 0.26 0.52 0.35 0.12

Correlations among rank orders of 42 Canadian fisheries analyzed by Rapfishin six fields. Shaded cells are non significant at the 5% level. (Spearman non-parametric correlations).

Correlations of Rapfish score rank orders in different fields

Alternative plots for Rapfishscores

Rank Order

Presentation Kite Presentation Kite Diagram Diagram

Country Scores (preliminary): Sea Around Us North Atlantic Project

7

Presentation Kite Presentation Kite Diagram Diagram

Country Scores (preliminary): Sea Around Us North Atlantic Project

RAPFISH 2








8

From:

Pitcher, T.J. and Preikshot, D.B. (2001) Rapfish: A Rapid Appraisal Technique to Evaluate the Sustainability Status of Fisheries. Fisheries Research 49(3): 255-270.

Using data from:

Pitcher, T.J., S. Mackinson, M. Vasconcellos, L. Nøttestad and Preikshot, D.B. (1998) Rapid appraisal of the status of fisheries for small pelagics using multivariate, multidisciplinary ordination. Pages 759-782 in T.J. Quinn II, F. Funk. J. Heifetz, J.N. Ianelli, J.E. Powers, J.F. Schweigert, P.J. Sullivan, C.-I. Zhang (eds), Fishery

Stock Assessment Models. Alaska Sea Grant, Fairbanks. 1037pp.

RAPFISH:

Example from small pelagicExample from small pelagicfisheries using kites fisheries using kites

Scores combined hierarchically Scores combined hierarchically

Aecol.

econ.

social

tecn.

Atlantic herring

Pacific herring

Rapfish on Small pelagics – Multidisciplinary kite

Atlantic v Pacific herring

9

Becol.

econ.

social

tecn.

Sardine

Anchovy


Sardine v Anchovy fisheries

D ecol.

econ.

social

tecn.

Fixed gear

Mobile gear


Gear types overall

10

Fecol.

econ.

social

tecn.

Peru 69

Peru 75


Peruvian anchovy pre and post collapse

E ecol.

econ.

social

tecn.

1996

1950

Rapfish on Small pelagics – Multidisciplinary kite –

1950s versus 1990 s

11

Lampara: Ancona

Volante: Ancona

12

Cecol.

econ.

social

tecn.

Volante

Lampara

Rapfish on Small pelagics – Multidisciplinary kite –

Adriatic bluefish gear types

RAPFISH 2








13

W. Heath Robinson (1935) Railway Ribaldry. (detail) Great Western Railway, Paddington, London. 96pp

RRAPFISH APFISH for Sport Fisheriesfor Sport Fisheries

Five Evaluation FieldsFive Evaluation Fields

1. Fishing experience1. Fishing experience

2. Ecology2. Ecology

3. Economics3. Economics

4. Social 4. Social

5. Management performance5. Management performance

QuestionnaireQuestionnaire

14

RRAPFISH: Ecology APFISH: Ecology ECOLOGICAL EVALUATIONECOLOGICAL EVALUATION

1. Assessment Status of Fish Stock1. Assessment Status of Fish Stock

2. Habitat status2. Habitat status

3. Size/Age Limits 3. Size/Age Limits

4. By4. By--catch Minimizedcatch Minimized

5. Protected 5. Protected SpawnersSpawners

6. Exotics/Introduced Species and Food 6. Exotics/Introduced Species and Food

Web EffectsWeb Effects

7. Mortality on Target Species7. Mortality on Target Species

Questionnaire:Questionnaire:Strongly Agree; Agree; Neutral; DisagreeStrongly Agree; Agree; Neutral; Disagree; Strongly Disagree; Strongly Disagree

Evaluation of Evaluation of Fishing Fishing ExperienceExperience

Monte Carlo Monte Carlo simulations simulations for for uncertainty uncertainty

RRAPFISHAPFISH: Uncertainty 1: Uncertainty 1RAPFISH Ordination - Monte Carlo Scatter Plot

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 20 40 60 80 100

Fisheries Status Ratings

Oth

er

Dis

tingis

hin

g F

eatu

res

15

All FieldsAll Fields

Leverage of Leverage of AttributesAttributes

< 8% is good< 8% is good

MDS stress <0.2MDS stress <0.2

RRAPFISHAPFISH: Uncertainty 2: Uncertainty 2Leverage (SE %)

0 1 2 3 4 5

Value

Size

Crowding

Ecol impact

Facilites

Catch rate

Regulations

Leverage (SE %) 0 1 2 3 4 5

Mortality

Spawning

Size

Assess

Food Web

By-catch

Habitat

Leverage (SE %) 0 1 2 3 4 5

Marketing

Profit

Jobs

Forex

Benefit

Spending

Leverage (SE %) 0 1 2 3 4 5

Co-'ment

Conflcit

Jobs

Owenership

Diversity

Tenure

Leverage (SE %) 0 1 2 3 4 5

Costs

Habitat

Aims

Data

Comm'cn

Access

Effect'ness

Compliance

ExamplesExamplesof of RapfishRapfishSignaturesSignatures

RRAPFISHAPFISH: Results Kite: Results Kite

Relative status across all fields at a glanceRelative status across all fields at a glance

Ecol

Econ

SocManage

Exper

maxFloridaKenlinChinL1

16

CorrelationsSpearman's rho ECON 0.29

SOC 0.51 0.19MAN -0.09 0.26 0.29

EXPER 0.71 0.63 0.56 0.26ECOL ECON SOC MAN

Correlation is significant at the .05 level (2-tailed)Correlation is significant at the .01 level (2-tailed)

Fishing experience linked to Ecol, Econ, Social EvaluationFishing experience linked to Ecol, Econ, Social EvaluationManagement performanceManagement performance NOT correlatedNOT correlated

RRAPFISHAPFISH: Correlation matrix: Correlation matrix

RAPFISH 2








17

Aims Aims

FAO (1995) Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. FAO, Rome, 41pp.

This Code sets out principles and This Code sets out principles and international standards of behaviour international standards of behaviour for responsible practices with a view for responsible practices with a view to ensuring the effective conservation, to ensuring the effective conservation, management and development of management and development of living aquatic resources, with due living aquatic resources, with due respect for the ecosystem and respect for the ecosystem and biodiversity.biodiversity.

.. recognizes the nutritional, economic, .. recognizes the nutritional, economic, social, environmental and cultural social, environmental and cultural importance of fisheries and the importance of fisheries and the interests of all those concerned with interests of all those concerned with the fishery sector. the fishery sector.

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HistoryHistory

1919thth FAO Committee on Fisheries (COFI) March 1991FAO Committee on Fisheries (COFI) March 1991CancCancûûnn Declaration on Responsible Fishing May 1992 Declaration on Responsible Fishing May 1992 Agenda 21 of UNCED Rio Summit June 1992 Agenda 21 of UNCED Rio Summit June 1992 FAO Technical Consultation September 1992FAO Technical Consultation September 1992102102ndnd FAO Council November 1992FAO Council November 19922020thth COFI COFI fast trackfast track March 1993 March 1993 Working Group February 1994Working Group February 1994Technical Consultation October 1994Technical Consultation October 1994107107thth FAO Council November 1994FAO Council November 19942121st st COFI March 1995COFI March 1995Working Group March 1995Working Group March 1995Ministerial Meeting March 1995Ministerial Meeting March 1995108108thth FAO Council April 1995FAO Council April 1995Technical Committee June 1995 & September 1995Technical Committee June 1995 & September 19952828thth FAO Conference FAO Conference adoptedadopted 31 October 199531 October 1995

Article 2

10 Objectives10 Objectives

a. establish principles .. for responsible a. establish principles .. for responsible fishing and fisheries activities .. biological, fishing and fisheries activities .. biological, technological, economic, social, technological, economic, social, environmental and commercial aspects environmental and commercial aspects

b. implementation of national policies for b. implementation of national policies for responsible conservation of fisheries responsible conservation of fisheries resources ..resources ..

c. serve as an instrument of reference to help c. serve as an instrument of reference to help States ..States ..

d. provide guidance .. legal instruments, both d. provide guidance .. legal instruments, both binding and voluntary binding and voluntary

19

10 Objectives 10 Objectives ……

e. promote .. cooperation in conservation of e. promote .. cooperation in conservation of fisheries resources and fisheries fisheries resources and fisheries management and development management and development

f. promote .. food security and food quality f. promote .. food security and food quality

g. promote protection of living aquatic g. promote protection of living aquatic resources .. environments and coastal resources .. environments and coastal areas areas

h. promote .. trade in conformity with h. promote .. trade in conformity with international rules; international rules;

i. promote research on fisheries .. ecosystems i. promote research on fisheries .. ecosystems

j. provide standards of conduct for all .. j. provide standards of conduct for all .. involved in the fisheries sectorinvolved in the fisheries sector

Article 2

ArticlesArticles

Article 1 : Nature and scope of the Code Article 1 : Nature and scope of the Code Article 2 : Objectives of the Code Article 2 : Objectives of the Code Article 3 : Relationship with other international Article 3 : Relationship with other international

instruments instruments Article 4 : Implementation, monitoring and updating Article 4 : Implementation, monitoring and updating Article 5 : Special requirements of developing countries Article 5 : Special requirements of developing countries Article 6 : General principles Article 6 : General principles Article 7 : Fisheries management Article 7 : Fisheries management Article 8 : Fishing operations Article 8 : Fishing operations Article 9 : Aquaculture development Article 9 : Aquaculture development Article 10: Integration of fisheries into coastal area Article 10: Integration of fisheries into coastal area

management management Article 11: PostArticle 11: Post--harvest practices and trade harvest practices and trade Article 12: Fisheries research Article 12: Fisheries research

20

Oh yes; we are doing just fine really …

thank you for asking.

Overcapacity? Us?

Asking Countries to score their own performance?Asking Countries to score their own performance?

Developed by:Tony J. Pitcher and Daniela Kalikoski

With thanks to : Andrew Bakun, Tim Bostock, John Caddy, Kevern Cochrane, Serge Garcia, Richard Grainger, Purwito Martosubroto(FAO, Rome)

RAPFISH:

Evaluation of Compliance with Evaluation of Compliance with the Code of Conductthe Code of Conduct

CCODE OF ODE OF CCONDUCT FOR ONDUCT FOR RRESPONSIBLE ESPONSIBLE FFISHERIESISHERIES

21

FAO Code of Conduct: Article 7 FAO Code of Conduct: Article 7 -- ManagementManagement

Stocks, Fleets & Gear

MCS

Social & Economic

Framework

Precaution

Objectives

3. Framework

1. General

4. Data, Advice, & Gear

7. Implementation

6. Measures

5. Precaution & Economic

8. Financial

Intentions

Results

Article 7 of FAO Code

Rapfish compliance fields

2. Objectives

Article 7

FAO Code of Conduct: Article 7 ComplianceFAO Code of Conduct: Article 7 Compliance

Stocks, Fleets & Gear

MCS

Social & Economic

Framework

Precaution

Objectives

3. Framework

1. General

4. Data, Advice, & Gear

7. Implementation

6. Measures

5. Precaution & Economic

8. Financial

Intentions

Results

Article 7 of FAO Code

Rapfish compliance fields

2. Objectives

Article 7

22

Pitcher, T.J. (1999) Rapfish, A Rapid Appraisal Technique For Fisheries, And Its Application To The Code Of Conduct For Responsible Fisheries. FAO Fisheries Circular No. 947: 47pp.

Compliance Compliance

MA

NA

GE

ME

NT

OB

JEC

TIV

ES

FRA

ME

WO

RK

PRE

CA

UT

ION

AR

Y A

PPR

OA

CH

STO

CK

S, F

LE

ET

S &

GE

AR

SOC

IAL

& E

CO

NO

MIC

MC

S

MANAGEMENT INTENTIONS

MANAGEMENT RESULTS

CCRF Management Objectives

ArgBraz

Can

Chil

ChinInd

MalayMexMyan

Norw

Pak

Peru

Phil

Thai

Turk

USA

VietBad Good

0 20 40 60 80 100

CCRF Compliance Score, %

Oth

er D

istin

gish

ing

Feat

ures

Compliance Compliance Examples: 17 countriesExamples: 17 countries

23

CCRF Framework

Arg

Braz

Can

ChilChin

Ind

MalayMex

Myan

Norw

Pak

Peru

Phil

Thai

Turk

USAViet

Bad Good

0 20 40 60 80 100


Oth

er D

istin

gish

ing

Feat

ures


CCRF Stocks, Fleets & Gear

Arg

BrazCan

Chil

ChinInd

Malay Mex

Myan

Norw

PakPeru

Phil

ThaiTurk

USA

VietBad Good

0 20 40 60 80 100


Oth

er D

istin

gish

ing

Feat

ures


24

CCRF Precautionary Approach

Arg

Braz

Can

Chil

Chin

IndMalay

Mex

Myan

Norw

Pak

Peru

Phil

Thai

Turk

USA

Viet

Bad Good

0 20 40 60 80 100


Oth

er D

istin

gish

ing

Feat

ures


CCRF Social & Economic

Arg

Braz

Can

Chil

ChinInd

Malay

Mex

Myan

NorwPak

Peru

Phil

Thai

Turk

USA

VietBad Good

0 20 40 60 80 100


Oth

er D

istin

gish

ing

Feat

ures


25

CCRF Monitoring, Control & Surveillance

Arg

Braz

Can

Chil

Chin

Ind

MalayMex

Myan

Norw

Pak

Peru

Phil

Thai

Turk

USA

Viet

Bad Good

0 20 40 60 80 100


Oth

er D

istin

gish

ing

Feat

ures


Com

pli

an

ce

Com

pli

an

ce

Exa

mp

les:

17

cou

ntr

ies

Exa

mp

les:

17

cou

ntr

ies

CCRF Performance Kite

Objectives

Framework

PrecautionSoc&Econ

MCS

CanadaMyanmar


Objectives

Framework

PrecautionSoc&Econ

MCS

NorwayTurkey


Objectives

Framework

PrecautionSoc&Econ

MCS

USABrazilArgentinaPeruChileMexico


Objectives

Framework

PrecautionSoc&Econ

MCS

Viet NamThailandPakistanChinaIndiaMalaysiaMyanmar

26

CCRF Intentions

Arg

Braz

Can

ChilChin

Ind

Malay

Mex

Myan

Norw

Pak

PeruPhil

ThaiTurk

USA

Viet

0

20

40

60

80

100

Com

plia

nce

with

CCR

F, %

CCRF Actions

Viet

USA

TurkThai

Phil

Peru

Pak

Norw

Myan

MexMalay

Ind

ChinChil

Can

BrazArg

0

20

40

60

80

100

Com

plia

nce

with

CCR

F, %

CCRF Compliance

Viet

USA

TurkThai

Phil

Peru

Pak

Norw

Myan

MexMalay

Ind

ChinChil

Can

Braz

Arg

0

20

40

60

80

100

Com

plia

nce

with

CCR

F, %


RAPFISH 2








27

RAPFISH:

Publications Publications

RAPFISH: Publications 1

Anonymous (2002) Laporan Teknis Riset Indikator Kelautan dan Perikanan Tahun 2002, (Technical Report of the Research on Indicators of Marine Affairs and Fisheries in 2002). Research Centre for Product Processing and Socio-Economics of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. Jakarta. 74 p. (In Indonesian).

Alder, J. Pitcher, T.J., Preikshot, D., Kaschner, K. and Ferriss, B. (2000) Rapfish estimates - how good is good? Pages 136 - 182 in Pauly, D. and Pitcher T.J. (eds) Methods for assessing the impact of fisheries on marine ecosystems of the North Atlantic. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 8(2): 195pp.

Alder, J., Zeller, D., Pitcher, T.J. and Sumaila, U.R., (2002) A Method for Evaluating Marine Protected Area Management. Coastal Management. 30: 121-131.

Baeta, F., Pinheiro, A., Corte-Real, M., Costa, J. L., de Almeida, P. R., Cabral, H., Costa, M. J., 2005. Are the fisheries in the Tagus estuary sustainable? Fisheries Research, 76:(2) 243-251.

Kavanagh, P. and Pitcher, T.J. (2004) Implementing Microsoft Excel Software for Rapfish: A Technique for the Rapid Appraisal of Fisheries Status. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 12(2): 75pp.

Pauly, D. and Chuenpagdee, R. (2003) Development of fisheries in the Gulf of Thailand Large Marine Ecosystem: Analysis of an unplanned experiment Pages 337-354 in Hempel, G. and Sherman, K. (eds) Large Marine Ecosystems of the World: Trends in Exploitation, Protection, and Research. Elsevier, Holland. 423pp.

Pitcher, T.J. (2003) The compleat angler and the management of aquatic ecosystems. Pages 3-7 in Coleman, A.P.M. (ed) Regional Experiences for Global Solutions. Proceedings of the 3rd World Recreational Fisheries Conference, Darwin, Australia May 2002. Northern Territories Fisheries Report 67: 269 pp.

28


Pitcher, T.J. (1999) Rapfish, A Rapid Appraisal Technique For Fisheries, And Its Application To The Code Of Conduct For Responsible Fisheries. FAO Fisheries Circular No. FIRM/C: No. 947: 47pp.

Pitcher, T.J. and Preikshot, D. (1998) Rapid Appraisal of the Status of West African Distant Water Fleet Fisheries Relative to Home Fleets using the RAPFISH Technique. Pages 90 - 93 in Bonfil, R., Munro, G., Sumaila, U.R., Valtysson, H., Wright, M., Pitcher, T., Preikshot, D., Haggan, N. and Pauly, D. (eds) Distant water fleets: an ecological, economic and social assessment. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 6 (6): 111pp.

Pitcher, T.J. and Preikshot, D.B. (2001) Rapfish: A Rapid Appraisal Technique to Evaluate the Sustainability Status of Fisheries. Fisheries Research 49(3): 255-270.

Pitcher, T.J. and Preikshot, D.B. (1999) Rapfish: A Rapid Appraisal Technique to Evaluate the Sustainability Status of Fisheries. In Craig, J. (ed) ICLARM Workshop On Lake Nasser’s Fisheries.

Pitcher, T.J. and Power, M.P. (2000) Fish Figures: Quantifying the Ethical Status of Canadian Fisheries, East and West. Pages 225-253 in Coward, H., Ommer, R. and Pitcher, T.J. (eds). Just Fish: the ethics of Canadian fisheries. Institute of Social and Economic Research Press, St John's, Newfoundland, 304 pp.

Pitcher, T.J., Bundy, A., Preikshot, D., Hutton, T. and Pauly, D (1998a) Measuring the unmeasurable: a multivariate interdisciplinary method for rapid appraisal of health of fisheries. Pages 31-54 in Pitcher, T.J. Hart, P.J.B. and Pauly, D. (Eds) Reinventing Fisheries Management Chapman and Hall, London. 435pp.


Pitcher, T.J., S. Mackinson, M. Vasconcellos, L. Nøttestad and D. Preikshot (1999) Rapid appraisal of the status of fisheries for small pelagics using multivariate, multidisciplinary ordination. Pages 759-782 in T.J. Quinn II, F. Funk, J. Heifetz, J.N. Ianelli, J.E. Powers, J.F. Schweigert, P.J. Sullivan, C.-I. Zhang (eds), Fishery Stock Assessment Models. Alaska Sea Grant, Fairbanks.

Preikshot, D.B. and Pauly, D. (1999) A multivariate interdisciplinary assessment of small-scale tropical fisheries. Pages 803-814 in T.J. Quinn II, F. Funk, J. Heifetz, J.N. Ianelli, J.E. Powers, J.F. Schweigert, P.J. Sullivan, C.-I. Zhang (eds), Fishery Stock Assessment Models. Alaska Sea Grant, Fairbanks.

Preikshot, D.B., Nsiku. E., Pitcher, T.J. and Pauly, D. (1998) An interdisciplinary evaluation of the status and health of African lake fisheries using a rapid appraisal technique. J. Fish Biol. 53 (Suppl A): 382-393.

Tesfamichael, D. and Pitcher, T.J. (2006) Multidisciplinary Evaluation of the Sustainability Of Red Sea Fisheries Using Rapfish. Fisheries Research (in press).

29

Documents

R Presenting the Results - FTP-UNUinnri.unuftp.is/pdf/Iceland04-Rapfish2.pdf · Presenting Rapfish results 2. ... Jap sar Bra sar SA sar Adsar lam Adsar vol ... Correlations of Rapfish