R E F O R M

•Wave of Religious excitement

•Meetings called “revivals”

• *In the early 1800s, the Second Great Awakening – the renewal of religious faith – began.

• *Revivals took place in many American cities and spread westward forcing people to strengthen their beliefs.

• *People began to seek salvation.

Second Great Awakening

•Called for the drinking of little or no alcohol

•Lyman Beecher

•Blamed alcohol for evils in society

•Led the fight for women’s suffrage

•Susan B. Anthony

•Elizabeth Cady Stanton

•Seneca Falls Convention-Declaration of Sentiments

Susan B. Anthony

• *Supporter of Women’s rights and temperance.

• *Founded the National Women’s Suffrage Assoc.

Women’s Rights• *Elizabeth Cady Stanton fought for

women’s suffrage & equal rights for women. Upset over the 15th amendment

• *Suffrage – the right to vote• *She formed the Seneca Falls

Convention a national women’s rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York.Declaration of Sentiments and

Resolutions: modeled on the Declaration of Independence

“All men and women are created equal.”

• Henry David Thoreau

• Transcendentalists – people who stressed the relationship between humans & nature & the importance of the individual conscience

• Harriet Beecher Stowe- Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Uncle Tom’s Cabin• *Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a book written

by Harriett Beecher Stowe about the evils of slavery. The book was based on true tales of the horrors of slavery.

• *VERY popular book – sold thousands of copies.

• *A poorly treated slave dies from abuse

•Helped create better and more schools

•Horace Mann (Father of free public education)

•Elizabeth Blackwell- 1st woman doctor

In the 1830s, Americans began to demand better schools to educate more children.

Horace Mann – led a movement for education reform – “Father of American Public Schools”

-Mann set up the first State Board of Education in the U.S.

-He demanded more money for schools and education for African Americans

-Said every child deserved to be educated

Education

•Led the fight against slavery

•William Lloyd Garrison

•Frederick Douglass

•Sojourner Truth

•Harriet Tubman

Abolition MovementAbolitionism- the movement to

end slavery, began in the late 1700s.

*By 1804, most Northern states had outlawed slavery.

*By 1807, Congress banned the importation of

African slaves into the United States.

*Abolitionists then began to work to end

slavery

Abolitionists• William Lloyd Garrison was a white

Northerner who published The Liberator, an anti-slavery newspaper

• -The Liberator preached that slavery was evil and Garrison called for immediate emancipation of all slaves.

• -He helped organize the American Anti-Slavery Society.

Frederick Douglass was a former slave who was a famous abolitionist.

• *A powerful public speaker and lecturer

for the Anti-Slavery Society.

• *Published an autobiography of his

horrible slave experiences.

• *Spoke out about the evils of slavery

Sojourner Truth was a runaway slave who was a famous abolitionist & fought for women’s rights

-Former slave who escaped to live with the Quakers-Famous public speaker who stood up for abolition &

women’s rights

-Gave famous speech “Ain’t I a Woman”

Harriet Tubman

• Harriett Tubman was a former slave who was a famous abolitionist and led runaway slaves to freedom on the Underground Railroad.

• -She returned to the South 19 times to lead over 300 slaves to freedom – risking her own life every time.

•Improved the treatment of prisoners, mentally ill

•Dorothea Dix

Some Americans promoted to improve society’s care for the weaker members.

Dorothea Dix – led a movement for reform in mental hospitals & prisons.

-After visiting jails and hospitals and seeing the poor, dirty conditions these people lived in, she fought to improve their lives and living conditions

Horace Mann Dorothea Dix

William Lloyd GarrisonFrederick DouglassHarriett TubmanHarriett Beecher Stowe

Sojourner Truth

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Reform educationReform prisons & ill

Abolitionists - ending slavery

Abolitionist & women’s rights

Women’s suffrage

Abolitionism1. 1.Abolitionism: Reform Movement to

end (abolish) slavery.2. 2. What paper did William Lloyd

Garrison found? The Liberator3. What did he call for? He called for

immediate emancipation of slaves4. 3. Two sisters (from S.C.) that fought

for the abolition of slavery were: Sarah and Angelina Grimke

5. 4. Who was the most widely know African American abolitionist?

Frederick Douglas-published the North Star

Abolitionism• 5. Douglas was an escaped slave who taught himself

how to read & write and edited a newspaper called the North Star.

• 6. Sojourner Truth a famous female escaped slave spoke out against slavery and said the famous words: “And ain’t I a woman?”

• 7. The network of escape routes from the South to the North was called the Underground Railroad.

• 8. TRUE or FALSE: the Underground Railroad had a system of trains and tracks. False

• 9. Harriet Tubman was a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad. Slaveholders offered a large reward for Tubman’s death or capture.

Abolitionism

• 10. TRUE or FALSE: Most people in the North were Abolitionists. False

• 11. The South reacted by mounting arguments in defense of slavery.

• 12. Some fugitives fled to Canada rather than staying in the north because of the Fugitive Slave Laws.

Women’s Rights

• 1. Female reformers met at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848.

• 2. Who organized this convention? Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott and others.

• 3. The women wanted an end to laws that discriminated against women.

• 4. The women demanded suffrage, or the right to vote.

• 5. The Seneca Falls Convention paved the way for the growth of the women’s rights movement

• 6. Another supporter of women’s rights, as well as temperance, was Susan B. Anthony

• 7. The “Declaration of Sentiments” was modeled after the Declaration of Independence. All men & women created equal

Henry David Thoreau wrote the essay “Civil Disobedience” and followed his example when he willfully refused to pay a federal tax because of his disagreement with slavery and the Mexican War.

-He went to jail for not paying the tax and his example has been emulated by other leaders including pre-Civil War Abolitionists and Civil Rights leaders such as Martin Luther King.