R Cmm

Ra

membraneprotein

membranelipid

extracellularfluid

activeion

channels

cationI

Vm

intracellularfluid

cations(2)

(3)

(1)

/ I cationmV

ua qb

spaceextracellular

spaceintracellular

polysiliconmembraneneuronal

active area

metal

qau b

C

Vm

Ra

m

m

R

polysilicon(1)polysilicon(2)

metal(1)

metal(1)activearea

metal(2)

polysilicon(2)

areaactive

metal(2)

metal(1)

polysilicon(1)

mV

u Rm Cm

Ra

a qb