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Qus1.) In a Multimedia project why script writer , interface designer, audio specialist , video

specialist are required. What responsibility they can hold?

Answer.) In a Multimedia project they all are required because they all are Responsible for

performing all necessary research concerning the content of the proposed application.

Responsibility hold by Script Writer:-

Video and film scripts present a linear sequence of events. In multimedia production, the medium has the capability of presenting events in a non-

linear fashion by branching in different directions and establishing linkages betweendifferent sections or components of the program.

The scriptwriter of a multimedia production needs to visualize this almost three-dimensional environment and integrationof virtual reality into the product.

Responsibilty hold by Interface Designer:-

Interface design plays a vital role in the production of multimedia displays

Interface provides control to the people who use it Backgrounds, icons, control panels result of an interface designer.

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Responsibility hold by Audio and Video Specialist:-

The audio specialist is responsible for recording and editing: narration; selecting,recording or editing sound effects; recording and editing music.

The video specialist

is responsible for video capturing, editing and digitizing.

Qus2.) Image files have different formats, describe 5 different images file formats and how they

are different in windows and macintosh system?

Answer:-5 Different images file formats are:-

1.) GIF Graphics Interchange Format.Indexed color - 1 to 8 bits

GIF format has long been the most popular on the Internet, mainly because of its small size. It isideal for small navigational icons and simple diagrams and illustrations where accuracy is

required, or graphics with large blocks of a single colour. The format is loss-less, meaning it

does not get blurry or messy.

GIF files can be saved with a maximum of 256 colours. This makes it a poor format for

photographic images. GIFs can be animated, which is another reason they became so successful.

Most animated banner ads are GIFs. You will need an animation program to make your own

animations.

2.)JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group

The 16-bit JPEG format (usually written without the E), was designed with photographs in

mind. It is capable of displaying millions of colours at once, without the need for dithering,

allowing for the complex blend of hues that occur in photographic images.

JPGs use a complex compression algorithm, which can be applied on a sliding scale

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3.) PNG Portable Network Graphics:-PNG is a format specifically for the web in response to a licensing scheme introduced which

meant the creators of any software that supported the GIF format had to pay five thousand

dollars for the privilege (this tax has since expired). While they were at it however, the creators

of PNG (ping) went ahead and created a format superior to GIF in almost every way.

One version of the format, PNG-8, is similar to the GIF format. It can be saved with a maximum

of 256 colours and supports 1-bit transparency. Filesizes when saved in a capable image editor

like FireWorks will be noticeably smaller than the GIF counterpart, as PNGs save their colour

data more efficiently.

4.)TIF:- Aldus Tagged Image File Format :-RGB - 24 or 48 bits,

Grayscale - 8 or 16 bits,Indexed color - 1 to 8 bits,

Line Art (bilevel)- 1 bit

ForTIF files, most programs allow either no compression or LZW compression (lossless, but is

less effective for 24 bit color images). Adobe Photoshop also provides JPG or ZIP compression

too (but which greatly reduces third party compatibility ofTIF files). "Document programs"allow ITCC G3 or G4 compression for 1 bit text (Fax is G3 or G4 TIF files), which is lossless

and tremendously effective (small).

5.)Exif:-The Exifformat is a file standard similar to the JFIF format with TIFF extensions; it is

incorporated in the JPEG-writing software used in most cameras. Its purpose is to record and to

standardize the exchange of images with image metadata between digital cameras and editing

and viewing software. The metadata are recorded for individual images and include such things

as camera settings, time and date, shutter speed, exposure, image size, compression, name of

camera, color information, etc. When images are viewed or edited by image editing software, all

of this image information can be displayed.

In Macnitosh Formats ,just about every image application can import or export PICT files.

PICT is complicated but versatile format always available to macintosh users. In a PICT file,

both bitmaps and vector-drawn objects can live side by side, and programs such as revolution

make us of this feature,providing editors for both drawn and bitmapped graphics.Multimedia

authoring programs that can import PICT images may not utilize te drawn objects that are part of

the file, but will usually convert them to bitmaps for you.

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In Window format the device-independent bitmap(DIB) is windows common image file

format,usually written as BMP file. DIB can stand alone, or they can be buried within a

RIFF(resource interchange file format) file. A RIFF is actually the preferred file type for all

multimedia development in windows, because this format was designed to contain many types

of files,including bitmaps, MIDI scores and formatted texts.

Q. 3. Describe converting between bitmaps and drawn images?

Answer : Bit Maps:-

Bit: - The simplest element in the digital world, an electronic thing i.e. either on or off, black or

white, or true (1) or false(0).

Map: - It is a two-dimensional matrix of these bits.

Bit + Map = Bitmap

Bitmap : - It is a simple matrix of the tiny dots that form an image and are displayed on a

computer screen or printed.

E.g. : - One Dimensional matrix (1-bit depth) is used to display monochrome images a

bitmap where each bit is most commonly set to black or white.

PART-B

Q. 1 Generaly what are the twenty most commonly installed fonts are available in windows and

linux systems ? list them. What do you understand by Unicode? Explain

Answer:-) Twenty most commonly installed fonts are available in windows and linux systems

Arial, Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif

Arial Black, Arial Black, Gadget,sans-serif

Comic Sans MS, Comic Sans MS5, cursive

Courier New, Courier New, monospace

Georgia1, Georgia,serif

Impact, Impact5, Charcoal

6,sans-serif

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Lucida Console, Monaco5, monospace

Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande,sans-serif

Palatino Linotype, Book Antiqua3, Palatino,serif

Tahoma, Geneva,sans-serif

Times New Roman, Times New Roman, Times,serif

Trebuchet MS1, Trebuchet MS,sans-serif

Verdana, Verdana, Geneva,sans-serif

Symbol, Symbol (Symbol2, Symbol

2)

Webdings, Webdings (Webdings2, Webdings

2)

Wingdings, Zapf Dingbats (Wingdings2, Zapf Dingbats

2)

MS Sans Serif4, Geneva,sans-serif

MS Serif4, New York

6,serif

What is Unicode?

Unicode provides a unique number for every character,

no matter what the platform,no matter what the program,

no matter what the language.

The Unicode Standard is a character coding system designed to support the worldwideinterchange, processing, and display of the written texts of the diverse languages and technical

disciplines of the modern world. In addition, it supports classical and historical texts of manywritten languages.

Q. 2. Composing your own original score can be done by musical instrument digital interface.

Describe the complete procedure for creating MIDI music.

Answer) MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface. MIDI is a form a serialcommunication that is generally used between musical devices, such as a drum machine and a

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keyboard, but can also be used to trigger lighting and other devices that are able to operate usingMIDI circuitry.

Procedure For creating MIDI Music

1.)Connect your digital MIDI interface with your computer, if you have one. If you don't have a

digital audio-MIDI interface, proceed to Step 2. A MIDI interface can be a drum machine, MIDI-capable musical keyboard, or a simple MIDI-triggering device. Some MIDI consoles connect to

the computer with a USB cable. If you are using a device with MIDI inputs but no computerinterface, you will need an Audio-MIDI interface that will connect to your computer's USB or

Firewire port.

2. Install your MIDI-capable software. Often, MIDI-capable software is called a MIDIsequencer. There is a multitude of MIDI-capable software available, and if you have played

around with audio freeware, it's likely that you have a MIDI-capable software platform already.Professional programs for MIDI sequencing include Reason and Finale. The free audio software

program Audacity has a MIDI-sequencing capability.

3.Configure your software for input and playback. To do this, you will need to make sure that

your software recognizes your computer's sound card and your MIDI input device. If you areprogramming MIDI without an input device, you only need to set up your sound card for

playback. Most MIDI-capable software has a setup menu that is called "Preferences", "Setup", or"Options" and can usually be found in the "Edit" or "Setup" toolbar of the software program.

Consult your software manual for details on how to set up the MIDI software you have.

4.Start a new song on your audio software. Usually, PC audio software will begin a new file ifyou visit the "File" menu and choose "New", or use the quick-Key Ctrl-N.

5 Open a new MIDI track on your software. You can often start a new track by visiting the

"Track" menu and adding a new instrument or track, as in Pro Tools. In Reason, you must add asequencing track. Some simple MIDI sequencers only allow you to use one MIDI track to

program your MIDI song. The advantage to multiple MIDI or Instrument tracks is that amultiple-track environment will allow you to use multiple instruments and create a band or

orchestra sound.

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6.Pick a sound. Many MIDI software setups choose a default sound, but with some software, youwill not be able to hear the melody you play without choosing a sound first. Some MIDI software

will allow you to choose your own sound for MIDI playback, usually in the form of an aif or wav

type file, but some MIDI software will only use a limited number of included sounds.

7.Record your MIDI notes into the track. If you have no MIDI interface like a music keyboard,

you will need to place the notes manually using your mouse. If you have a keyboard connectedto your computer, you should only have to initiate the record function by enabling the chosen

track for recording if necessary, then pressing the "Record" then "Play" button. At this point, ifyour keyboard if properly connected to the computer, your keystrokes should be recorded as

MIDI into the MIDI software.

8.Export your MIDI song for playback. Your audio software should have a function called

"Export" or "Convert" which allows you to change your MIDI song into an mp3 or wav file for

playback through a common audio file playback software like IT

unes or Foobar.

Q. 3. What do understand by morphing? How this is used for transforming of images ?

Answer : The word morph derives from the word metamorphosis meaning to change shape,

appearance or form. According to Vaughn (112) morphing is defined as an animation

technique that allows you to dynamically blend two still images, creating a sequence of

in-between pictures that, when played in QuickTime, metamorphoses the first image into

the second.

Image morphing techniques can be classified into two categories such as mesh-based andfeature-based methods in terms of their ways for specifying features. In mesh-based methods, the

features on an image are specified by a nonuniform mesh. Feature-based methods specify thefeatures with a set of points or line segments. One way of achieving the morphing effect is to

transform one image into another by creating a cross-dissolve between them. In this method, thecolor of each pixel is interpolated over time from the first image value to the corresponding

second image value. However, this is not very effective in portraying an actual metamorphosisand the metamorphosis between faces does not look good if the two faces do not have about the

same shape. This method also tends to wash away the features on the images.

A second way to achieve morphing is feature interpolation, which is performed by combiningwarps with the color interpolation. The features of two images and their correspondences are

specified by an animator with a set of points or line segments. Then,warps are computed to

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distort the images so that the features have intermediate positions and shapes. The colorinterpolation between the distorted images finally gives an in between image.