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Quotable. “Maybe we should have given him a bicycle.” --Ed Darden, of Atlanta, who gave his son Frank, 16 a computer for Christmas. Frank [Legion of Doom] later was arrested for hacking into a phone system, threatening service through out the Southeast. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
Quotable
“Maybe we should have given him a bicycle.”
--Ed Darden, of Atlanta, who gave his son Frank, 16 a computer for Christmas. Frank [Legion of Doom] later was arrested for hacking into a phone system, threatening service through out the Southeast.
http://neil.franklin.ch/Jokes_and_Fun/Computer_Quotes
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
Information Systems Security
MIS 320Kraig Pencil
Summer 2013
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
IS Security in the HeadlinesBusiness Week
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
Overview
• Introduction• Crimes• Players• Ways to cause trouble• Ways to enhance security
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
A. IS Security - Introduction1. Networked age Good news/bad news
• Good news Easy, fast information sharing (supports linkages!!!)
• Bad news Easier for bad guys to get to your data
2. IS break-ins are common … and expensive• 2006 survey for Computer Security Institute/FBI
(www.gocsi.com)• 616 respondents• Virtually all reported some form of attack(s)• 52% of organizations reported “unauthorized use” of IS
in past year• Perpetrators of incidents:
• Crackers, disgruntled employees, competitors, foreign governments
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
CERT: Reported IS VulnerabilitiesSecurity Vulnerabilities vs. Time
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
YearVu
lner
abili
ties
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3)
2009 Report http://www.ic3.gov/media/annualreport/2009_IC3Report.pdf
• Department of Justice up 22%• Median dollar loss on complaints: $575• Total dollar loss: $559,700,000.• Many crime categories, including: auction fraud, non-
delivery of merchangdise, credit card fraud, computer intrusions, spam, child pornography
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
A. IS Security - Introduction
3. Published reports • Tip of the iceberg• Most break-ins are unreported to
law enforcement … or undetected– Companies are afraid that customers –
and potential intruders – know about problems
– CSI/FBI survey – 30% did not report their intrusions. Of these: – 48% are concerned with negative
publicity– 36% are concerned that competitors
will take advantage
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
B. IS Security – Cyber Crimes1. What types of activities do the bad guys do?
• Viruses/worms (65% of survey group reported this problem)• e.g. “Macro” viruses (e.g., Love Bug), Worms (e.g., Slammer)
• Laptop/mobile theft (47%)• Steal information, Gain access to other systems
• Unauthorized access: Hacking and physical access (32%)• Change documents and files
– Steal $, modify credit ratings– e.g., Citibank robbery -- $11 million
• Steal information (e.g., classified info, info for identity theft)• Denial of service attacks (25%)• Phishing
• e.g., An “official” company e-mail used to gather personal information, passwords, SSN, etc.
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
Macro Virus Example: The Love Bug
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
Warnings at the Workplace - Worms and Viruses
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/worst-computer-viruses.htm
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
Theft of unauthorized information: Identity Theft?Average identity theft victim
Spends 600 hrs and $16,000 to recover
(www.idtheftcenter.org)
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
Target:
EPen.com
Denial of Service AttackA hacker’s virus installs a program on many computers.
On command, they become zombies
They all ping* the “target” again and again –
The overload crowds out legitimate page requests, creating a Denial of Service to customers.
Yo!
Grrrrr!
Bon jourBuenos días
Konnichiwa Gut’n Tag
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
Target:
EPen.com
Denial of Service AttackA hacker’s virus installs a program on many computers.
On command, they become zombies
They all ping* the “target” again and again –
The overload crowds out legitimate page requests, creating a Denial of Service to customers.
Yo!
Grrrrr!
Bon jourBuenos días
Konnichiwa Gut’n Tag
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
Denial of Service AttackCloud Computing to the rescue???
Cloud services are usually “scalable” providers can instantly add more servers to handle the increased greetings from the zombie computers.http://www.smartertechnology.com/c/a/Smarter-Strategies/3-Reasons-Clouds-Prevent-CyberAttacks/?kc=EWKNLSTE12232010BESTOF4
Yo!
Grrrrr!
Bon jour
Konnichiwa Gut’n Tag
Buenos días
Target:
EPen.com
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
Phishing Example
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
Phishing Example 2
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
Insiders
• You have to trust someone, but …– Insiders account for much of “lost” data
• “stolen credentials have become the most common way attackers gain access to enterprises. But the credentials were rarely stolen using sophisticated methods. Instead, malicious insiders were involved in 48% of cases -- a 26% increase vs. last year -- and in some cases, freely revealed their administrative passwords, enabling attackers easy access to sensitive data” (SearchSecurity.com: http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid14_gci1517422,00.html)
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
C. IS Security – The PlayersHackers: people who break into computers and computer networks1. White-hat hackers
… hobbyists who follow “hacker code”; curious, not malicious… or professional consultants who find security holes
in the client’s own systems: perform penetration tests and vulnerability assessments
2. Black-hat hackers // Crackers• Cyber vandals; cause trouble for fun• Commit premeditated cyber crime,
steal information, $$, etc.
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
C. IS Security – The PlayersHackers: people who break into computers and computer networks3. Hacktivist – Politically or socially motivated hacker
– Site defacing– Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack
4. Cyberterrorist – deliberate, large-scale disruption of computer networks
Hacker Conventions• DEF CON
– World’s Largest• Black Hat Hacker Films• Wargames• Takedown
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
Well-known Cyber Crooks*
Kevin Mitnick
* http://www.itsecurity.com/features/top-10-famous-hackers-042407/
Kevin Mitnick – superstar of hacking• Active 1980 – 1995 • Never profited or caused damage• 5 years in prison (8 months in solitary confinement)• “Social engineering” specialist: “no patch for stupidy”• Now a well-paid security consultant, speaker, writer
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
Well-known Cyber Crooks*
* http://www.itsecurity.com/features/top-10-famous-hackers-042407/
Vladimir Levin – Russian • Transferred $10.7 million from Citibank accounts• Captured in London, transferred to US, convicted/sentenced to 3 years• Citibank managed to recover 95% of the funds
Adrian Lamo 2002-2004• Victims: Yahoo!, Citigroup, Cingular, NY Times• “Homeless hacker” was also helpful. Unauthorized penetration testing.
Voluntarily informed some victims of their security weaknesses.• Arrested/Convicted/Ordered to pay $65,000 to NY Times
Robert Alan Soloway – the “Spam King” • 2008 47 months in federal prison, and $700,000 restitution• $7.8 million civil judgment awarded to Microsoft.
Others: Stephen Wozniak (blue boxes), Tim Berners-Lee (Oxford)
Adrian Lamo
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
D. Examples of hacker tools/techniques
1. Password cracker programs• Example approaches: Use “reverse encryption”, Look for
“dictionary” words & common names
2. Sniffers• “Eavesdropping” program/device• Use to capture usernames and passwords for people doing
remote computer logins• Place program on node of Internet and “sniff” for usernames and
passwords
3. Social engineering• Hacker poses as a “good guy” and asks unsuspecting people for
information• Often done via phone
• E.g., “What kind of computer system are you using?”
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
A Hacker Tool: “Password cracker” available on the Internet
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
E. IS Security – Ways to address/combat security risks
1. Password management• Do not use dictionary words• Create new combinations of
letters and digits• Combine letters, numbers, special characters, and both
upper and lower casee.g., gaRDen+493
• Use mnemonic tricks to remember odd combinations letters of words in an expression – e.g., tbontbtitq (or even better: 2b*o02b*t1tq)
“To be or not to be, that is the question”• Change passwords frequently
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
E. IS Security – Ways to address/combat security risks
2. Use firewalls• HW/SW that acts a buffer between a network and the rest of the
World• Can keep out … unauthorized traffic• Can keep in … corporate secrets
3. Encryption• Scramble a message/data so that others can not understand it
4. Advisory organizations• Post warnings and “patches” for reported security problems• e.g., Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT)
Image source: http://computer.howstuffworks.com/firewall.htm
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
Vulnerability Alert from CERT
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
E. IS Security – Ways to address/combat security risks
5. Security software• Antivirus software• Intrusion detection software
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
E. IS Security – Ways to address/combat security risks
6. Hire a good hacker • Break into your system and/or provide advice• Help you identify security holes
U.S. HIRED HACKER TO DETECT DIGITAL SPYING BY EMPLOYEES
WASHINGTON, D.C. – In the cyber age, there are few things so damaging as a determined insider with the right passwords.
The Defense Department hired a former hacker to lead a research program to detect digital spying by employees. Peiter Zatko is in charge of Cyber
Insider Threat program at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA. “I’ve played both offense and defense.”
His program is years away from any deployable solutions. In the meantime, the WikiLeaks releases show that the Pentagon failed to take basic steps to
protect sensitive information, such as detecting and preventing unauthorized downloads.
MCCLATCHYNovember 30, 2010
Redacted by Kraig Pencil
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
E. IS Security – Ways to address/combat security risks
6. Hire a good hacker
Kevin Mitnick – a busted hacker …
Emerges from prison and begins career as an IS Security consultant, writes a book
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
A Parting Thought …
The most likely way for the world to be destroyed, most experts agree, is by accident. That’s where we come in; we’re computer professionals. We cause accidents. - Nathaniel Borenstein, co-creator of MIME