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136, B. B. GANGULY STREET, SEALDAH, KOLKATA – 700 012, WB, INDIAA study of Electronics System Projectfor the practical fulfilment & diploma degree ofElectronics & Telecommunication EngineeringSubmitted by …Saibal Santua, Samsul Haq – Ansari Basutosh Sarkar Santosh Prasad Bhagat Pankaj Kumar Sourav Roy Ritesh SinghGuided byFinal semester
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A study of ElectronicsSystem Project
for the practical fulfilment & diploma degree of
Electronics &Telecommunication Engineering
136, B. B. GANGULY STREET, SEALDAH, KOLKATA – 700 012, WB, INDIA
Submitted by …
Samsul Haq – Ansari Roll No. 02
Basutosh Sarkar Roll No. 08
Saibal Santua Roll no. 13
Santosh Prasad Bhagat Roll no. 23
Pankaj Kumar Roll no. 25
Sourav Roy Roll no. 26Ritesh Singh Roll no. 30
6th Semester, Sec : A, Morning Batch, Session : Sept / Oct’08,
Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Guided by : Mr. Arabinda Saha
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Quiz Display - Buzzer
with
Locking Concept
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: Acknowledgement :
A research owes its success to people involved with theresearcher at various stages, form commencement to completion. We
acknowledge with due courtesy our regards to all the person and sources
consulted during the development of this project and preparation of this
report.
e express our ear u an s an eep sense o gra u e
with respectful regards and immense pleaser to Mr. Arabinda Saha, Faculty
of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering Department, The G.T.T.I.
Sealdah, of his ample support, erudite guidance and material advice during
work and delegate encouragement throughout the project work.
We owe our special thanks to our HOD, Mr. Sandeepan Ghosh,
for giving us the opportunity to do the project under the guidance of such a
co-operative, knowledgeable and supportive faculty.
We are also thankful to all faculty members of ETE department
and the library staff of our college for their help during preparation of this
report. Unwanted errors and omission may please be exempted. Valuable
suggestions are solicited.
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It is certified that project report field “ QUIZ DISPLAY – BUZZER : with LOCKING concept ” is a
: Certificate :
136, B. B. GANGULY STREET, SEALDAH, KOLKATA – 700 012, WB, INDIA
, ,
Bhagat, Ritesh Singh, Samsul Haq Ansari, Pankaj Kumar and Basurtosh Sarkar was student of
Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering department under my supervision.
They have worked hard on this project for a period of time. During this project their
performance was excellent.
We wish them all success in life.
____________________________ ___________________________
Mr. Sandipan Ghosh Mr. Arabinda Saha
HOD – ETE Faculty - ETE
GTTI – Sealdah GTTI – Sealdah
: Date :
___________________
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: Table of Content :
No. Description Page No.
1 Project Objective 6
2 Introduction 6
3 List of Components 6
4 Description of Components 7
i. Power Supply 8
ii. Switch 12
iii. IC – Integrated Circuit 13
iv. LED – Light Emitting Diode 17
v. Speaker 18
5 PCB – Printed Circuit Board 20
6 Circuit Diagram 21
7 Working Principle 22
8 Key Features 24
9 Price of Components 25
10 Conclusion 26
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Project Objective :
Make a Quiz Display – Buzzer with “ first press first alarm ” concept
Introduction :
This project is a useful hack when it come to make our own quiz-show, or
maybe just train a team for a real TV show or even simply to have fun
building it. The device solves the problem of knowing who pushed the
buzzer first. It's also fun to analyze because its a clever little hack.
List of Components :
Sl. No. Description Qty.
1 Power Supply - 5V DC 01
2 74LS11 - IC 03
3 74LS04 - IC 01
4 74LS32 - IC 01
5 Switch – Push to OFF 04
List of Other Components :
1- Connecting Wires
2- Vero Board
3- Soldering Iron
4- Soldering Paste
5- Solder
7 Speaker 01
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Description of
different Components
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: Power Supply :
A power supply is a device that supplies electrical
energy to one or more electric load. The term is most commonly
applied to devices that convert one form of electrical energy to
another, though it may also refer to devices that convert another
form of energy (e.g., mechanical, chemical, solar) to electrical
energy.
Contain:-
i. Transformer (step down, 0-12V).
ii. Diode (1N4007).
. .
iv. IC 7805 (Regulated ic).
• Transformer :A transformer is a device that
transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through
inductively coupled conductors—the transformer's coils. A
varying current in the first or primary winding creates a
varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core and thus a
varying magnetic field through the secondary winding. This
varying magnetic field induces a varying electromotive force
(EMF), or "voltage", in the secondary winding. This effect iscalled mutual induction. We get the output from secondary
winding of transformer.
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There are two type of transformer :
1. Step Up. &
2. Step down.
We are used the step down transformer (220V to 12V)
as the source of energy.
2. Step down transformer :
Step-down transformer is a type of transformer, which
convert the energy 220 V AC to bellow 220V AC voltage such
as 12V AC. In this transformer the
number of turns of primary winding is
more than the secondary winding.
• Diode :
o e s a spec a ze e ec ron c componen w wo
electrodes called the anode and the cathode. Most diodes are
made with semiconductor
materials such as silicon,germanium, or
selenium. Diodes can be used
as rectifiers, signal limiters,
voltage regulators, switches,
signal
modulators, signal mixers, signal demodulators, and oscillators. The
fundamental property of a diode is its tendency to conduct
electric current in only one direction. When the cathode is
negatively charged relative to the anode at a voltage greater than a
certain minimum called forward break over, then current flows
through the diode. If the cathode is positive with respect to the
anode, is at the same voltage as the anode, or is negative by an
amount less than the forward break over voltage, then the diode
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does not conduct current. This is a simplistic view, but is true for
diodes operating as rectifiers, switches, and limiters. The forward
break over voltage is approximately six tenths of a volt (0.6 V) for
silicon devices, 0.3 V for germanium devices, and 1 V for selenium
devices.
• Capacitor :
A capacitor is a passive electronic component consisting of
a pair of conductors separated by
a dielectric (insulator). When there
is a potential difference (voltage)
across the conductors, a
static electric field develops across
the dielectric causin ositive
charge to collect on one plate and
negative charge on the
other plate. Energy is stored in the electrostatic field. An idealcapacitor is characterized by a single constant value ,capacitance,
measured in farads. This is the ratio of the electric charge on each
conductor to the potential difference between them.
Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for
blocking direct current while allowing alternating current to pass,
in filter networks, for smoothing the output of power supplies, in
the resonant circuits that tune radios to particular frequencies and
for many other purposes.
The breakdown voltage of a diode is the minimum
reverse voltage to make the diode conduct in reverse.
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• Regulated IC 7805 :
LM 7805 IC is a three pins positive volt
regulated IC. It has fixed output. Each type employs internal current
limiting, thermal shut down and safeoperating area protection, making it
essentially indestructible. If adequate heat
sinking is provided, they can deliver over
1A output current. Although designed
primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these
devices can be used with external
components to obtain adjustable voltages
and currents.
• Circuit Diagram:-
• Working principle :-
When the AC V is applied to the primary winding of the
transformer , there are create the varying magnetic flux in the
transformer core and this varying magnetic field through thesecondary winding of transformer . So, induced the Electro motive
force (EMF ) or voltage. This voltage is fed to the rectifier circuit.
From the rectifier circuit, we get the +12V DC. And +12V DC is fed to
the LM7805 (PIN-1). So, we get the +5V DC from the LM7805 (PIN-3).
To get the pure DC current passed through the filter circuit, the value
of filter capacitor is 1000µF/25V.11
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: Switch :
Switch is vital component of everything , may be Electrical or
Electronics. It is also mechanical part.
There are used in the circuit push to off switch means when we are
pressed the button, disconnect the path.
us o o sw c
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: Integrated Circuit :
An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (Also referred
to as IC, Chip or Microchip) is an electronic circuit manufactured by
the patterned diffusion of trace element into the surface of a thin
substrate of semiconductor material. Additional materials are
deposited and patterned to form interconnection between
semiconductor device.
Bellow are the description of IC used.
i. IC 74LS11 :
74LS11 IC is a three in ut and ate and one out ut. There are three
74LS11 Feature
and gate in this IC. When the one input is low, the output will be
low. When the three input is high, output will be high.
Internal diagram
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Truth Table :
Input Output
Logic gate :
AB
C
YAnd gate
A*B*C = Y
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 00 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1
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ii. IC 74LS04 :
74LS04 IC is not gate IC. When the input is high, output will be low.
And when the input is low, the output will be high.
78LS04 feature 78LS04 internal diagram
Logic gate :
A Not ate Y
A =
Truth Table :
Input Output
A Y
0 1
1 0
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iii. IC 74LS32 :
IC 74LS32 is a two input or gate. If one input is high, the output will be
high. When two input is low, the output will be low.
74LS32 internal diagram
74LS32 feature
Logic gate :A
B Y
A+B = Y
Truth Table :Input Output
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 116
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: Light EmittingDiode :
Light Emitting Diode is a semiconductor device. Generally used as a
indicator and also lighting.
LED s mbol
LED feature
• Working principle :
LED works as a diode. When a LED is forward biased
(switch on), electron are able to recombine with electron holes
within a deice, releasing energy in the form of photons. This
effect is called electroluminescence and the color of light
(corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by
the energy gap of the semiconductor. It has lower powerconsumption and long life time. It has many application such as
indicator, traffic signal control, lighting etc.
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: Speaker :
Speakers are one of the most common output devices used with sound
systems. Some speakers are designed to work specifically with
computers, while others can be hooked up to any type of soundsystem. Regardless of their design, the purpose of speakers is to
produce audio output that can be heard by the listener.
Speakers are transducers that convert electromagnetic waves into
soun waves. e spea ers rece ve au o nput rom a ev ce suc as a
computer or an audio receiver. This input may be either
in analog or digital form. Analog speakers simply amplify the analog
electromagnetic waves into sound waves. Since sound waves areproduced in analog form, digital speakers must first convert the digital
input to an analog signal, then generate the sound waves.
The sound produced by speakers is defined by frequency and
amplitude. The frequency determines how high or low the pitch of the
sound is. For example, a soprano singer's voice produces high
frequency sound waves, while a bass guitar or kick drum generates
sounds in the low frequency range. A speaker system's ability toaccurately reproduce sound frequencies is a good indicator of how
clear the audio will be. Many speakers include multiple speaker cones
for different frequency ranges, which helps produce more accurate
sounds for each range. Two-way speakers typically have a tweeter and
a mid-range speaker, while three-way speakers have a tweeter, mid-
range speaker, and subwoofer.18
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Amplitude, or loudness, is determined by the change in air pressure
created by the speakers' sound waves. Therefore, when you crank
up your speakers, you are actually increasing the air pressure of the
sound waves they produce. Since the signal produced by some
audio sources is not very high (like a computer's sound card), it may
need to be amplified by the speakers. Therefore, most external
computer speakers are amplified, meaning they use electricity to
amplify the signal. Speakers that can amplify the sound input are
often called active speakers. You can usually tell if a speaker is
active if it has a volume control or can be plugged into an electrical
outlet. Speakers that don't have any internal amplification are
called passive speakers. Since these speakers don't amplify the
audio signal, they require a high level of audio input, which may be
produced by an audio amplifier.
Speakers typically come in pairs, which allows them to produce
stereo sound. This means the left and right speakers transmit audio
on two completely separate channels. By using two speakers, music
sounds much more natural since our ears are used to hearing
sounds from the left and right at the same time. Surround systems
may include four to seven speakers (plus a subwoofer), which
creates an even more realistic experience.
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: Printed Circuit Board :
Full form of PCB is Printed Circuit Board. It is more essential for circuit
board. We can make a circuit very easily by the PCB. The track of PCB
maybe golden or maybe copper. It maybe two or four layer.
The PCB of quiz display
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+ V1
D4LED0
D3LED0
D2LED0
D1LED0
U4C
U4B
U4A
C i r c u i t d i a g r a m o f q u i z d i s p l a y &
b uz z e r
S4
S3
S2
S1+ V15V
U5D
U5C
U5B
U5A
U3BU3A
U2CU2B
U2AU1C
U1BU1A
2 1
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: Working Principle :
The switch S1,S2,S3 and S4 are a push to off. U1A, U1B,U1C, U2A,
U2B,U2C,U3A and U3B are And gate. U5A, U5B, U5C and U5D are the
not gate. D1, D2, D3 and D4 are the LED. U4A, U4B and U4C are the
or gate. Q1 is a NPN transistor. SPK1 is the buzzer. All are the
component connect as the circuit diagram.
When the switch S1 is off state, the current pass through the First
gate (pin-2) of IC-1, and the output of the first gate (Pin-12) isconnect to the second gate (Pin-11), so the current pass through the
second gate of IC 1. The output current of the second gate of IC 1 is
divided into two current path. One current path will go to the first
gate of IC5 (Pin-1) and D1. So, the D1 is on. After this current will go
- ,
the base of Q1(BC547), so the transistor is on, finally sound generate
by the buzzer. And the other current path will go first gate(U5A) of
IC4 (Pin-1). the output of U5A is low (according to the function of notgate), and all other gate are inactive (U1C, U2A,U2B, U2C, U3A
andU3B). Also the buzzer and D1is on state at a same time.
When the switch S2 is off state, the current pass through the First
gate (pin no 2) of IC-2, and the output of the first gate (Pin- 12) is
connect to the second gate (Pin-11), so the current pass through the
second gate of IC 2. The output current of the second gate (Pin-8) of
IC 2 is divided into two current path. One current path will go to thefirst gate of IC5 (Pin-2) and D2. So, the D2 is on. After this current will
go to gate 4 via pin-3 and 12 of IC5, and finally will rich this current
to the base of Q1(BC547),
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so the transistor is on, finally sound generate by the buzzer. And the
other current path will go second gate(U5B) of IC4 (Pin-3). the
output of U5B is low (according to the function of not gate), and allother gate are inactive (U1A, U2B,U2B, U2C, U3A andU3B). Also the
buzzer and D2 is on state at a same time.
When the switch S3 is off state, the current pass through the third
gate (pin-4) of IC-1, and the output of the third gate (Pin-6) is
connect to the third gate (Pin-3), so the current pass through the
third gate of IC 2. The output current of the third gate of IC 2 is
divided into two current path. One current path will go to thesecond gate of IC5 (Pin-4) and D3. So, the D3 is on. After this
current will go to gate 4 via pin-6 and 13 of IC5, and finally will rich
this current to the base of Q1(BC547), so the transistor is on, finally
sound generate by the buzzer. And the other current path will go
third gate(U5C) of IC4 (Pin-5). the output of U5C is low (according to
the function of not gate), and all other gate are inactive (U1C,
U2A,U2A, U2B, U3A andU3B). Also the buzzer and D3is on state at a
same time.
When the switch S4 is off state, the current pass through the First
gate (pin-2) of IC-3, and the output of the first gate (Pin-12) is
connect to the second gate (Pin-11) of IC3, so the current pass
through the second gate of IC 3. The output current of the second
gate of IC 3 is divided into two current path. One current path will go
to the second gate of IC5 (Pin-5) and D4. So, the D4 is on. After this
current will go to gate 4 via pin-6 and 13 of IC5, and finally will richthis current to the base of Q1(BC547), so the transistor is on, finally
sound generate by the buzzer. And the other current path will go
fourth gate(U5D) of IC4 (Pin-9). The output of U5D is low (according
to the function of not gate), and all other gate are inactive (U1C,
U2A,U2B, U2C, U1A andU1B). Also the buzzer and D4is on state at a
same time.23
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: Key Features :
• Modular design: any number of units can be attached.
• Nothing requires to be changed to the hardware if the system
operates with a different number of pusher units.
• Easy installation : units don't need to be ordered on the bus. A
simple daisy chain does the trick.
• Almost Impossible To Fool : no ties, no double pushes, no
switch-bouncing problems.
• sp ay s sw c e on on y w en e person presses s sw c
• Compact: the size of the unit is mainly the display and the
buzzer.
• Cheap : only off-the-shelf components. Completely
asynchronous design
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No. Component Qty Price
1 Transformer 1 Rs. 55.00
2 Diode 4 Rs. 4.00
3 Capacitor 1 Rs. 2.00
4 IC – 7805 1 Rs. 6.00
5 Switch 4 Rs. 40.00
6 IC – 74LS11 3 Rs. 24.00
7 IC – 74LS04 1 Rs. 8.00
: Cost Details :
25
8 IC – 74LS32 1 Rs. 10.00
9 LED 4 Rs. 8.00
10 Buzzer 1 Rs. 40.00
11 Transistor 1 Rs. 1.00
TOTAL COST Rs. 198.00
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: Conclusion :
This project is used to make our own quiz-show or a real TV
show or even simply to have fun.
It solves the problem of knowing who pushed the buzzer first.
It's also fun to analyze because its a clever little hack.
It can be used in a Quiz Competition with more numbers of
Contestant with an affordable Cost.
Simply an ideal low cost Reality Program solution.
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