Quiz Review

Productivity of Ecosystems

• GPP = NPP + Respiration• If producers use 3.4g C/m2/yr and the gross

primary productivity is 5.0 g C/m2/yr what is the NPP?

• 5.0 = x + 3.4• X=1.6

What are the products of cellular respiration?What are the products of photosynthesis?

• Does photosynthesis use or produce carbon dioxide?

• Does cellular respiration use or produce carbon dioxide?

• HINT! LOOK AT SLIDES BEFORE!

What is another name for producers?

A : ?

Q :What is another name for Consumers?A: Heterotrophs

What is percolation? What is infiltration?

What is transpiration? What is leaching?

What are two limiting nutrients?

• Nitrogen and Phosphorus

• An excess of these cause? E_____________• remember fertilizer runoff, algal blooms,

hypoxic environments

• What other cycle/abiotic factor carries these nutrients?

What percent of E is Reflected? Absorbed?

Carbon Cycle

• What are four anthropogenic effects on the the atmospheric carbon reservoir?

-Transportation-Deforestation-Forest fires-Burning fossil fuelsDo these activities increase or decrease atmospheric carbon?

Forms of Nitrogen

Nitrite: NO2 -

Nitrate: NO3 - ----Memory trick : I ate three nitrateAmmonium: NH4----- Memory trick : um its 4+Ammonia: NH3

FixNAAD ANPAN Process ProductFix-nitrogen fixation AmmoniaNitrification NitratesAssimiliation ProteinsAmmonification AmmoniaDenitrification Nitrogen

Nitrogen Fixation Assimiliation Ammoniification Nitrification Denitrification

Phosphorus, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium

• Do not exist as gaseous forms

• Phosphorus is usually found in rocks, soils

• Phosphorous can cause eutrophication

Instrumental Values of Ecosystems

Provisions- Goods that humans can use directly.

Regulating services- The service provided by natural systems that helps regulate environmental conditions.

Support systems- The support services that natural ecosystems provide such as pollination, natural filters and pest control.

Resilience- Resilience of an ecosystem ensures that it will continue to provide benefits to humans. This greatly depends on species diversity.

Cultural services- Ecosystems provide cultural or aesthetic benefits to many people.

Resistance versus Resilience

Resistance- A measure of how much a disturbance can affect its flows of energy and matter.

Resilience- The rate at which an ecosystem returns to its original state after a disturbance.

Restoration ecology- A new scientific discipline that is interested in restoring damaged ecosystems.

Temperature

Mesopause

Stratopause

Tropopause

Temperature

Mesopause

Stratopause

Temperature

Mesopause

Stratopause

Temperature

increasing

decreasingincreasing decreasing

Earth's Rotation and the Coriolis Effect

• Causes Prevailing Winds and Gyre Formation• Gyres- the large-scale patterns of

water circulation. The ocean surface currents rotate in a clockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and a counterclockwise direction in the Southern Hemisphere.

Five Major Gyres

Where is the windward side?Does it receive rain?

APHOTIC

PHOTIC