Quiz Chapter 20 Biology 6Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1)

Which was developed by a British researcher and causes DNA sequences to be transferred to a membrane and identified with a probe?

1)

_______ A)

RT-PCR B)

Northern blotting C)

Western blotting D)

Eastern blotting E)

Southern blotting 2)

Bacteria containing a plasmid into which the eukaryotic gene has integrated would grow in

2)

_______ A)

the nutrient broth only. B)

the ampicillin broth and the nutrient broth. C)

the nutrient broth and the tetracycline broth only. D)

all four types of broth. E)

the nutrient broth, the ampicillin broth, and the tetracycline broth. 3)

Which of the following best describes the complete sequence of steps occurring during every cycle of PCR?1. The primers hybridize to the target DNA.2. The mixture is heated to a high temperature to denature the double stranded target DNA.3. Fresh DNA polymerase is added.4. DNA polymerase extends the primers to make a copy of the target DNA.

3)

_______ A)

3, 4, 2 B)

2, 1, 4 C)

1, 3, 2, 4 D)

3, 4, 1, 2 E)

2, 3, 4 4)

How does a genomic library differ from a cDNA library?

4)

_______ A)

A genomic library varies, dependent on the cell type used to make it, whereas the content of a cDNA library does not.

B)

The genomic library contains only the genes that can be expressed in the cell. C)

The genomic library can be replicated but not transcribed. D)

A genomic library contains only noncoding sequences, whereas a cDNA library contains only coding sequences.

E)

A genomic library can be made using a restriction enzyme and DNA ligase only, whereas a cDNA library requires both of these as well as reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase.

5)

RNAi methodology uses double-stranded pieces of RNA to trigger a breakdown or blocking of mRNA. For which of the following might it more possibly be useful?

5)

_______ A)

to form a knockout organism that will not pass the deleted sequence to its progeny B)

to raise the rate of production of a needed digestive enzyme C)

to decrease the production from a harmful gain-of-function mutated gene D)

to destroy an unwanted allele in a homozygous individual E)

to raise the concentration of a desired protein 6)

A researcher needs to clone a sequence of part of a eukaryotic genome in order to express the sequence and to modify the polypeptide product. She would be able to satisfy these requirements by using which of the following vectors?

6)

_______ A)

a modified bacteriophage B)

a bacterial plasmid C)

BAC to accommodate the size of the sequence D)

a YAC with appropriate cellular enzymes E)

a human chromosome 7)

The major advantage of using artificial chromosomes such as YACs and BACs for cloning genes is that

7)

_______ A)

only one copy of a plasmid can be present in any given cell, whereas many copies of a YAC or BAC can coexist in a single cell.

B)

plasmids are unable to replicate in cells. C)

YACs and BACs can be used to express proteins encoded by inserted genes, but plasmids cannot. D)

YACs and BACs can carry much larger DNA fragments than ordinary plasmids can. E)

all of the above 8)

Which of the following separates molecules by movement due to size and electrical charge?

8)

_______ A)

DNA ligase B)

gel electrophoresis C)

gene cloning D)

restriction enzymes E)

reverse transcriptase 9)

Yeast artificial chromosomes contain which of the following elements?

9)

_______ A)

centromeres and telomeres only B)

origin of replication only C)

telomeres only D)

centromere only E)

centromere, telomeres, and an origin of replication

10)

Which of the following is one of the technical reasons why gene therapy is problematic?

10)

______ A)

Most cells with engineered genes overwhelm other cells in a tissue. B)

Cells with transferred genes are unlikely to replicate. C)

mRNA from transferred genes cannot be translated. D)

Transferred genes may not have appropriately controlled activity. E)

Most cells with an engineered gene do not produce gene product.

11)

DNA microarrays have made a huge impact on genomic studies because they

11)

______ A)

can be used to introduce entire genomes into bacterial cells. B)

allow the expression of many or even all of the genes in the genome to be compared at once. C)

can be used to eliminate the function of any gene in the genome. D)

allow physical maps of the genome to be assembled in a very short time. E)

dramatically enhance the efficiency of restriction enzymes.

12)

Which of the following is most closely identical to the formation of twins?

12)

______ A)

organismal cloning B)

use of adult stem cells C)

embryo transfer D)

therapeutic cloning E)

cell cloning

13)

Which of the following techniques used to analyze gene function depends on the specificity of DNA base complementarity?

13)

______ A)

in vitro mutagenesis B)

restriction fragment analysis C)

use of RNAi D)

Northern blotting E)

in situ hybridization

Figure 20.2

14)

The segment of DNA shown in Figure 20.2 has restriction sites I and II, which create restriction fragments A, B, and C. Which of the gels produced by electrophoresis shown below best represents the separation and identity of these fragments?

14)

______ A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

15)

In 1997, Dolly the sheep was cloned. Which of the following processes was used?

15)

______ A)

fusion of an adult cell's nucleus with an enucleated sheep egg, followed by incubation in a surrogate B)

isolation of stem cells from a lamb embryo and production of a zygote equivalent C)

use of mitochondrial DNA from adult female cells of another ewe D)

replication and dedifferentiation of adult stem cells from sheep bone marrow E)

separation of an early stage sheep blastula into separate cells, one of which was incubated in a surrogate ewe

16)

How does a bacterial cell protect its own DNA from restriction enzymes?

16)

______ A)

forming "sticky ends" of bacterial DNA to prevent the enzyme from attaching B)

adding methyl groups to adenines and cytosines C)

adding histones to protect the double-stranded DNA D)

using DNA ligase to seal the bacterial DNA into a closed circle E)

reinforcing the bacterial DNA structure with covalent phosphodiester bonds

17)

As genetic technology makes testing for a wide variety of genotypes possible, which of the following is likely to be an increasingly troublesome issue?

17)

______ A)

the need to legislate for the protection of the privacy of genetic information B)

discrimination against certain racial groups because of major genetic differences C)

using technology to identify genes that cause criminal behaviors D)

use of genotype information to provide positive identification of criminals E)

alteration of human phenotypes to prevent early disease

18)

DNA fragments from a gel are transferred to a nitrocellulose paper during the procedure called Southern blotting. What is the purpose of transferring the DNA from a gel to a nitrocellulose paper?

18)

______ A)

to prepare the DNA for digestion with restriction enzymes B)

to attach the DNA fragments to a permanent substrate C)

to separate out the PCRs D)

to separate the two complementary DNA strands E)

to transfer only the DNA that is of interest

19)

Bacteria containing recombinant plasmids are often identified by which process?

19)

______ A)

producing antibodies specific for each bacterium containing a recombinant plasmid B)

examining the cells with an electron microscope C)

exposing the bacteria to an antibiotic that kills cells lacking the resistant plasmid D)

using radioactive tracers to locate the plasmids E)

removing the DNA of all cells in a culture to see which cells have plasmids

20)

Which of the following is used to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA?

20)

______ A)

gene cloning B)

gel electrophoresis C)

restriction enzymes D)

reverse transcriptase E)

DNA ligase