Quiz 7 Review

Industrialization, Big Business, & The Wild West

• What enabled American industrial growth of the late 1800s?

• technological advances (what are some examples?)

• How did the government contribute to the building of the transcontinental railroad?

• By awarding loans and land grants to private companies to build the railroad.

• What inventions revolutionized American communications in the late 1800s?

• the telegraph and telephone

• Critics of powerful industrialists referred to them as:

• Robber barrons

• What was the goal of the Sherman Antitrust Act?

• To promote fair industrial competition.

• How did industrial growth affect the distribution of wealth in the United States?

• The income gap between farmers and factory workers widened.

• How did the government respond to the Pullman Strike?

• using federal troops to control the workers.

• What was one of Thomas Edison’s major accomplishments?

• He helped make electricity more widely available.

• What did Alexander Graham Bell’s company do?

• Built long-distance telephone lines.

• What types of things were Americans able to build using the Bessemer process?

• Skyscrapers, larger bridges like the Brooklyn Bridge

• How did Andrew Carnegie gain control of the steel industry?

• by practicing vertical consolidation

• How did John D. Rockefeller gain control of the oil industry?

• He formed a trust.

• What happened at the Massacre at Wounded Knee?

• American soldiers killed more than 200 unarmed Sioux.

• What did the experiences of Chief Joseph and the Nez Percé illustrate?

• violent conflicts arose among settlers, the federal government, and Native Americans.

• What drew many new immigrants to the West?

• d. cheap land and new jobs

• What happened to Native American nations as many American settlers moved west in search of land?

• They were weakened or destroyed.

• How did the United States government interfere with Native Americans in the West?

• They forcibly took Native American lands.

• What technological innovation contributed to the cattle ranching boom?

• expansion of the railroads

• Whose interests did most American presidents protect in the late 1880s?

• Those of business and industry.

• A ______________ is a business arrangement under which a number of companies unite into one system. Trusts destroyed competition and created _____________ (a market in which there is only one supplier of a product and no market competition.)

• Trust / monopoly