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Quiz #2 REVIEW Drawing. UNIT 5: Composition Techniques. “Drawing” vs. “Composition”. Observationa l Drawing Study- Marks made on a two-dimensional surface so as to create a realistic image of some kind - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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TWO-DIMENSIONAL
DESIGN
Positive and Negative Space
Space is an Element of Art created simply by drawing an object on a page.
Positive space is filled by an object or element.Negative space surrounds the positive space.
Types of Space
Decorative or Shallow Space Decorative: has little to no
depth Shallow: Confined, limited
space in an artwork
Plastic or Deep/Infinite Space Plastic: has a 3D feel by
creating a sense of depth far beyond the picture frame
Deep/Infinite: feels limitless
The Gestalt Principles of Perception
Gestalt is a psychology term which means "unified whole.”It refers to theories of visual perception developed by
German psychologists in the 1920s that attempt to describe how people organize visual elements into groups or unified wholes when certain principles are applied. These principles are:
Figure/Ground Relationships Similarity Proximity Closure Continuity Area
Figure/Ground Relationships
The pictorial relationship between positive and negative spaces in an art work. Helps the viewer identify the figure (or foreground) from the background.
Similarity
Viewers tend to group together objects that share the same characteristics such as shape, size, color, texture, and value An object can be
emphasized if it is dissimilar to the others. This is called anomaly (see example to the right)
Proximity
Occurs when elements are placed close together. They tend to be perceived as a group. The nine squares above are
placed without proximity. They are perceived as separate shapes.
When the squares are given close proximity, unity occurs. While they continue to be separate shapes, they are now perceived as one group.
Closure
The idea that the brain will fill in any extraneous information which is not present in the image.
Occurs when an object is incomplete or a space is not completely enclosed
Continuity
The idea that the eye will continue to look in a direction in which it is pushed by the forms and shapes present.
Area
The smaller of 2 overlapping objects is seen as the foreground. The larger is seen as the background.
You likely see the smaller squares as the foreground in both cases.
Spatial Indicators
The following strategies allow an artist to manipulate the viewer’s perception of space in an artwork: Size Sharpness Location / Placement Overlapping Interpenetration Converging Parallels (linear perspective)
Size
As objects move back in space, they appear to get smaller
Sharpness
As objects move back in space, they appear to get softer, or blurry (out of focus) This effect is also commonly referred to as
atmospheric perspective
Location / Placement
As objects move up the picture plane they appear to recede, or, as objects move towards the horizon they appear to recede
Overlapping
Objects in front will block objects behind Overlap will trump (override) the other
indicators, so keep that in mind!
Interpenetration
When one object passes through another and emerges on the other side
Converging Parallels
Opposite edges will move towards each other; converging lines often indicate the angle of view This is really just linear perspective!!!
PORTRAITURE
Portrait- a likeness of a person, especially of the face, as a painting, drawing, or photograph. Usually depicts the person from the shoulders-up
3 Main Views:
Portraits
Ancient Times – Renaissance Period Idealized or religious
portraits
Renaissance Period – Baroque Period More realistic;
captured moments in one’s life
History of Portraiture
Baroque Period - Flemish and German
masters like Van Dyke developed the three-quarter and frontal portrait types
Baroque Period – 20th Century Self-portraiture became
popularized by Rembrandt, who created 80+ self-portraits throughout his life; Artists like Van Gogh followed
History of Portraiture
Anthony van DyckRembrandt (created 80+ self-portraits!)Thomas SullyVincent Van GoghMary CassattAlice BaillyRene MagritteAndy WarholChuck Close
Notable Portrait Artists
Facial Proportions
Rendering a Portrait
Consider your light source. The bone structure of the face reflects light (cheek bones, nose, chin), leaving shadows in the eye sockets, nostrils, under the lower lip, and on the neck.
Faces are rounded forms with smooth textures. Therefore, you should render with transitional value shading if you are going for realism
WATERCOLORS
What are they? Water soluble paint
packaged in tubes or dry to semi-moist cakes
Semi-Permanent Pros: Easy clean-up,
low odor, accessible / cheap, non-toxic
Color Medium- Watercolors
Masking- block out areas of the paper with frisket, thereby retaining the white of the paper
Wash- filling in the background by wetting the paper and then painting
Review- Techniques
Glazing- layering colors on top of one-another to build up depth and modify color; bottom layers must be dry before glazing
Underpainting- using Paynes Gray to add shadows, then glazing over that layer with color
Review- Techniques
Dripping / Bleeding- like wet-on-wet; creates abstract and expressive effects
Blowing- usually done with a straw; enables interesting color blending
Expressive Watercolor Techniques
Spraying- creating a misting effect, like with a spray bottle
Splattering- flinging paint at the canvas with a brush to create small splatters
Expressive Watercolor Techniques