Quick TalkQuick TalkHabitat Habitat

Ecosystem Ecosystem

SpeciesSpecies

PopulationPopulation

HybridHybrid

BiosphereBiosphere

With Your Discussion Partner With Your Discussion Partner

One paper everyone’s name:

Complete #s 1, 2, and 3 of the Lesson Review on page 164 (you do not need to write the questions).

Have the most responsible partner (and least likely to be absent) hold on to this paper. We will add to it and hand it in later (if you lose it you will have to redo these questions).

Pds 3 and 4 O + 3, 4, and 7 E stopped 9-9 / 9-10

Question of the Day

1. How do producers help an ecosystem?2. How do decomposers help an

ecosystem?

Objectives: Discuss the 10% rule Describe an energy pyramid Describe how energy flows through a food

chain / web

9-16

producer

primary consumer

secondary consumer

tertiary consumer

Pds 3 and 4 O stopped 9-13

Pd 7 O + 3, 4, and 7 E stopped 9-13/9-14

Ecosystem Terms – Energy Ecosystem Terms – Energy PyramidPyramid

Energy PyramidEnergy Pyramid – – made up of trophic levels that shows the made up of trophic levels that shows the

amount of energy in a food webamount of energy in a food web

As you move from one level to the next, there As you move from one level to the next, there is a is a 90%90% loss of energy. This means that loss of energy. This means that only only 10%10% get passed on to the next level. get passed on to the next level.

Where does all the energy go???Where does all the energy go???• The energy gets lost as heat or is The energy gets lost as heat or is

used by the organism to move, used by the organism to move, breathe, etc etc.breathe, etc etc.

Food PyramidFood Pyramid How much energy is lost at each step? How much energy is lost at each step?

90%90%

HawkHawk10 Calories10 Calories

SnakeSnake100 Calories100 Calories

WeaselWeasel1000 Calories1000 Calories

MouseMouse10,000 calories10,000 calories

SeedsSeeds100,000 Calories100,000 Calories

Mouse eats 100,000 calories of seeds…but only retains 10,000 calories in it’s body…why?

Food Chains and Food Webs:Food Chains and Food Webs:

ARROWSARROWS:: An An shows the direction of the energy flow shows the direction of the energy flow

through the food chain / webthrough the food chain / web The arrow literally means “The arrow literally means “is used for energy byis used for energy by” ”

OR “is eaten by”OR “is eaten by” So the following means what? So the following means what? WheatWheat DeerDeer

• The wheat is used for energy by the deerThe wheat is used for energy by the deer• The wheat is eaten by the Deer The wheat is eaten by the Deer

Food ChainFood Chain Please create a food chain using the following Please create a food chain using the following

organismsorganisms Lettuce uses the sun’s energy to produce its food, which is Lettuce uses the sun’s energy to produce its food, which is

______________________. . • Lettuce would be considered a Lettuce would be considered a __________________________

Lettuce is used for food by a personLettuce is used for food by a person• The Person would be considered a The Person would be considered a ____________ ____________

____________________________ The person’s blood is used for food by the mosquitoThe person’s blood is used for food by the mosquito

• The mosquito is aThe mosquito is a _______________ ______________ _______________ ______________

GLUCOSE

PRODUCER

PRIMARY CONSUMER

SECONDARYCONSUMER

The mosquito is food for a dragon fly (_____________ The mosquito is food for a dragon fly (_____________ _____________)_____________)

The dragon fly is food for a frog (____ ________The dragon fly is food for a frog (____ ________ _____________)_____________)

The frog is food for a snake (____ ________ _____________)The frog is food for a snake (____ ________ _____________) Snake is food for a hawk (____ ________ _____________)Snake is food for a hawk (____ ________ _____________) The hawk dies and is broken down by bacteriaThe hawk dies and is broken down by bacteria

• Bacteria is considered a ________________Bacteria is considered a ________________ The decayed organism’s ______________ are returned to the The decayed organism’s ______________ are returned to the

soil.soil.• Plants now take _________________________ from the Plants now take _________________________ from the

soil to growsoil to grow

TERTIARY CONSUMER4th LEVEL

CONSUMER5th LEVEL

CONSUMER6TH LEVEL

CONSUMER

DECOMPOSERNUTRIENTS

NUTRIENTS + MINERALS

Quick TalkQuick TalkHabitat Habitat

Herbivore Herbivore

SpeciesSpecies

ProducerProducer

HybridHybrid

Food ChainFood Chain

Omnivore Omnivore

Ecosystem Ecosystem

DecomposerDecomposer

PopulationPopulation

HybridHybrid

Niche Niche

Fill in the Concept Map I gave you.

- Use your notes if needed

9-17

Food WebsFood Webs

FOOD WEBSFOOD WEBS: : a series of connected food chainsa series of connected food chains Food webs are more complicated than Food webs are more complicated than

food chainsfood chains They show ALL the relationships They show ALL the relationships

between the specified organisms.between the specified organisms.

Draw the Food ChainDraw the Food ChainSUNSUN

WheatWheatGrasshopperGrasshopper

SoilSoil ShrewShrew

OwlOwl

FungusFungus

Food ChainFood Chain Answer the Following Questions about the Answer the Following Questions about the

above food chainabove food chain What is the producer?What is the producer?

• WheatWheat What is the decomposer? What is the decomposer?

• fungusfungus Name any consumer: Name any consumer:

• Owl or shrew or grasshopperOwl or shrew or grasshopper Name the secondary consumer: Name the secondary consumer:

• shrewshrew Where does the energy come from in the food Where does the energy come from in the food

chain?chain?• Starts with the sun…then plantsStarts with the sun…then plants

Draw the Food WebDraw the Food WebSUN

PlantPlankton

Tadpoles

MayflyLarvae

Kingfisher Sunfish

Bacteria

Minnows

Macro-invertebrates

Food Web QuestionsFood Web Questions

1.1. Which predator has the most connections? Which predator has the most connections? SunfishSunfish

2.2. What are the mayfly larvae’s predators? What are the mayfly larvae’s predators? Sunfish and Sunfish and MinnowsMinnows

3.3. Does every organism have at least one source of food? Does every organism have at least one source of food? Macro-Macro-invertebrates??? – but they must just not showninvertebrates??? – but they must just not shown

4.4. What are the producers? What are the producers? Plant PlanktonPlant Plankton

5.5. List three primary consumers? List three primary consumers? Sunfish, minnows, mayfly Sunfish, minnows, mayfly larvae, animal plankton, etclarvae, animal plankton, etc

Draw the Food WebDraw the Food WebSUN

PlantPlankton

Tadpoles

MayflyLarvae

Kingfisher Sunfish

Bacteria

Minnows

Macro-invertebrates

6.6. List three secondary consumers? List three secondary consumers? sunfish, kingfisher, minnowsunfish, kingfisher, minnow

7.7. What would happen to the population numbers of the other organisms if What would happen to the population numbers of the other organisms if the Minnow’s went extinct? the Minnow’s went extinct? some populations would decrease, some some populations would decrease, some would increase until a new equilibrium is reachedwould increase until a new equilibrium is reached

8.8. What is the decomposer? What is the decomposer? bacteriabacteria

9.9. Are there any scavengers? Are there any scavengers? None listed – however most organisms None listed – however most organisms will scavenge a meal if possiblewill scavenge a meal if possible

10.10. How would an ecologist use a food web?How would an ecologist use a food web?

-To calculate how the loss of a species could affect the remaining -To calculate how the loss of a species could affect the remaining speciesspecies

-To figure the role of different organisms in an ecosystem-To figure the role of different organisms in an ecosystem   

6.6. List three secondary consumers? ____List three secondary consumers? ____sunfish, kingfisher, minnow______sunfish, kingfisher, minnow______

7.7. What would happen to the population numbers of the other organisms if the What would happen to the population numbers of the other organisms if the Minnow’s went extinct? ___Minnow’s went extinct? ___some populations would decrease, some some populations would decrease, some would increase until a new equilibrium is reachedwould increase until a new equilibrium is reached________

8.8. What is the decomposer? _____What is the decomposer? _____bacteriabacteria________

9.9. Are there any scavengers? ___Are there any scavengers? ___None listed – however most organisms None listed – however most organisms will scavenge a meal if possiblewill scavenge a meal if possible______________

10.10. How would an ecologist use a food web?How would an ecologist use a food web?

-To calculate how the loss of a species could affect the remaining -To calculate how the loss of a species could affect the remaining speciesspecies

-To figure the role of different organisms in an ecosystem-To figure the role of different organisms in an ecosystem   

Food ChainFood Chain

Draw the following Food Chain:Draw the following Food Chain: Fungus (breaks down owl when it dies)Fungus (breaks down owl when it dies) Shrew (eats the grasshopper)Shrew (eats the grasshopper) Owl (eats the shrew)Owl (eats the shrew) Soil (produced after decomposition of owl – Soil (produced after decomposition of owl –

used by plants)used by plants) Grasshopper (eats the wheat)Grasshopper (eats the wheat) Shrew (eats grasshopper)Shrew (eats grasshopper)

Food WebsFood Webs

FOOD WEBSFOOD WEBS: : a series of connected food chainsa series of connected food chains Food webs are more complicated than Food webs are more complicated than

food chainsfood chains They show ALL the relationships They show ALL the relationships

between the specified organisms.between the specified organisms.

Food WebsFood Webs Draw the following Food WebDraw the following Food Web::

Sunfish (eat animal plankton, plant plankton, Sunfish (eat animal plankton, plant plankton, tadpoles, minnows and mayfly larvae)tadpoles, minnows and mayfly larvae)

Minnows ( eat animal plankton, plant plankton Minnows ( eat animal plankton, plant plankton and mayfly larvae)and mayfly larvae)

Tadpoles (eat plant plankton)Tadpoles (eat plant plankton) Kingfisher (a bird that eats sunfish and minnows)Kingfisher (a bird that eats sunfish and minnows) Mayfly Larvae (eats animal plankton and plant Mayfly Larvae (eats animal plankton and plant

plankton)plankton) Plant plankton (microscopic plants that make Plant plankton (microscopic plants that make

food from the sun)food from the sun) Animal plankton (eats plant plankton and Animal plankton (eats plant plankton and

bacteria)bacteria) Bacteria (breaks down any dead or decaying Bacteria (breaks down any dead or decaying

organisms organisms

Food WebFood Web Food Web in an Antarctic EcosystemFood Web in an Antarctic Ecosystem Algae (eaten by Cod, Adelie Penguin, Squid, Krill and Small Algae (eaten by Cod, Adelie Penguin, Squid, Krill and Small

Animals)Animals) Small Animals (eaten by Cod and Squid)Small Animals (eaten by Cod and Squid) Krill (eaten by Adelie penguin, Cod and Crabeater seal)Krill (eaten by Adelie penguin, Cod and Crabeater seal) Cod (eaten by leopard seal, crabeater seal and adelie Cod (eaten by leopard seal, crabeater seal and adelie

penguin)penguin) Adelie Penguin (eaten by Leopard Seal and Killer Whale)Adelie Penguin (eaten by Leopard Seal and Killer Whale) Squid (eaten by Elephant Seal, Leopard Seal and Killer Squid (eaten by Elephant Seal, Leopard Seal and Killer

Whales)Whales) Crabeater Seal (eaten by Leopard Seal and Killer Whale)Crabeater Seal (eaten by Leopard Seal and Killer Whale) Elephant Seal (eaten by Leopard Seal and Killer Whale)Elephant Seal (eaten by Leopard Seal and Killer Whale) Leopard Seal (eaten by Killer Whale)Leopard Seal (eaten by Killer Whale) Killer Whale (no predators)Killer Whale (no predators) Bacteria (breaks down all dead organisms)Bacteria (breaks down all dead organisms)

Examine the Food WebExamine the Food Web

Answer the following questions about the food web above:

What are three tertiary consumers? Orca, Leopard Seal, Crabeater Seal, etc

Which is the top predator? Orca (Killer Whale)

Which organism would you expect to have the highest population number?

Algae Which organism would you expect to have the lowest

population number? Killer whale

What is the producer? Algae

What would happen if the Leopard Seal went extinct? Population shifts – Leopard seals prey would probably increase.

What would happen if the algae went extinct? Food web would collapse

The ______________ is made up of…

____________ which contain…

____________ made up of…

____________ made up of…

__________

What makes the Earth

so special?