Quick Reference Guide - IDEAL INDUSTRIES Ethernet tester, ... Quick Reference Guide AuroraTango Gigabit Ethernet Multi-technology Personal Test Assistant Platform for simple, fast

gige Ethernet test gige Ethernet testing gige Ethernet installation gige Ethernet maintenance gige Ethernet commissioning, gige Ethernet troubleshooting,

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Gigabit Ethernet tester, Gigabit Ethernet testing, Gigabit Ethernet installation, Gigabit Ethernet maintenance, Gigabit Ethernet commissioning, Gigabit Ethernet troubleshooting, Gigabit Ethernet protocols, 1000BASE-T tester, 1000BASE-LX test, 1000BASE-SX test, 1000BASE-T testing, 1000BASE-LX testing, 1000BASE-SX testing,

Gigabit Ethernet protocols, 1000BASE-T tester, 1000BASE-LX test, 1000BASE-SX test, 1000BASE-T testing 1000BASE-LX testing 1000BASE-SX testing

MDI

OSI model

1

Data Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Physical

2

3

4

5

6

7

LLC (802.2)

MAC (803.3)

PHY (802.3)

Upper

802.3 model

Reconciliation

PCS

PMA

Autonegotiation

MII

Upper layers

Media

Media

inde

pend

ent

Med

ia de

pend

ent

layers

Figure 1 Ethernet layers, 802.3 model compared with OSI. MII and Autonegotiation are optional.

EncodingStandard Version Media Type FDX Data Symbol MFS Distance

10G

Ethe

rnet

IEEE

802

.3ae

(cla

use

48-5

3)XG

MII

10GBASE-ER Two 8-10 µm SMF, 1550nm Yes 64B/66B NRZ N/A 2/40Km10GBASE-EW Two 8-10 µm SMF, 1550nm Yes 64B/66B NRZ N/A 2/40Km10GBASE-LX4 Two 8-10 µm SMF, 1310nm, 4xDWM Yes 8B/10B NRZ N/A 10Km10GBASE-LR Two 8-10 µm SMF, 1310nm Yes 64B/66B NRZ N/A 10Km10GBASE-LW Two 8-10 µm SMF, 1310nm Yes 64B/66B NRZ N/A 10Km10GBASE-SR Two 50/125 µm MMF, 850nm Yes 64B/66B NRZ N/A 2/550m10GBASE-SW Two 62.5/125 µm MMF, 850nm Yes 64B/66B NRZ N/A 2/33m10GBASE-LX4 Two 50/125 µm MMF, 4xDWM Yes 8B/10B NRZ N/A 300m10GBASE-LX4 Two 62.5/125 µm MMF, 4xDWM Yes 8B/10B NRZ N/A 300m

Gig

abit

Ethe

rnet

IEEE

802

.3z/

ab(c

laus

es 3

4-42

)G

MII

1000BASE-ZX Two 8-10 µm SMF, 1310nm Yes 8B/10B NRZ 520 80Km1000BASE-LX Two 8-10 µm SMF,1310nm Yes 8B/10B NRZ 520 5Km1000BASE-LX Two 50/125 µm MMF, 1310nm Yes 8B/10B NRZ 520 550/2000m1000BASE-LX Two 62.5/125 µm MMF, 1310nm Yes 8B/10B NRZ 520 550/1000m1000BASE-SX Two 50/125 µm MMF, 850nm Yes 8B/10B NRZ 520 500/750m1000BASE-SX Two 62.5/125 µm MMF, 850nm Yes 8B/10B NRZ 520 220/400m1000BASE-CX Two pairs 150 Ohm STP (twinax) Yes 8B/10B NRZ 520 25m1000BASE-T Four pair UTP 5 (or better) Yes PAM5 416 100m

Fast

Eth

erne

tIE

EE 8

02.3

u(c

laus

es 2

1-29

)M

II

100BASE-Fx Two optical 50/125 µm SMF Yes 4B/5B NRZ 64 40Km100BASE-Fx Two optical 62.5/125 µm MMF Yes 4B/5B NRZ 64 2Km100BASE-Tx Two pairs of STP cables Yes 4B/5B MLT3 64 200m100BASE-Tx Two pairs of UTP 5 (or better) Yes 4B/5B MLT3 64 100m100BASE-T4 Four pairs of UTP 3 (or better) No 8B/6T MLT3 64 100m100BASE-T2 Two pairs of UTP 3 (or better) Yes PAM5 64 100m

Ethe

rnet

IEEE

802

.3a-

t(c

laus

es1-

20)

AUI

10BASE-FB Two optical 62.5 /125µm MMF sync hub No NRZI 64 2000m10BASE-FP Two optical 62.5/125 µm MMF pass hub No NRZI 64 1000m10BASE-FL Two optical 62.5/125 µm MMF asyn hub Yes NRZI 64 2000m10BASE-T Two pairs of UTP 3 (or better) Yes Manchester 64 100m10Broad36 One 75 Ohm coaxial (CATV) No Manchester 64 3600m10Base2 One 50 Ohm thin coaxial cable No Manchester 64 185m10Base5 One 50 Ohm thick coaxial cable No Manchester 64 500m

Table 1 IEEE Ethernet versions. Full Duplex (FDX) capacity, in this configuration CSMA/CD protocol is not necessary and the restriction of max. distance does not apply and depends on the media’s capacity.

Trend´s Gigabit EthernetQuick Reference Guide

AuroraTango Gigabit EthernetMulti-technology Personal Test Assistant Platform for simple, fast and effective testing of Gigabit Ethernet, ADSL, SHDSL, and ISDN.Aurora Tango Gigabit Ethernet provides an exceptional range of features ensuring reliable delivery of end-to-end services over Metropolitan networks based on Gigabit Ethernet.It provides a range of tests and measurements such as RFC2544, top ten addresses, real-time Ethernet statistics, multilayer BERT, etc. Two Gigaport transceivers allow terminate, loopback and monitor connections to networks, plus a 10/100/1000BASE-T cable port for legacy testing. A PDA provides an intuitive graphical menu structure for testing and workflow organization.

Gigabit Ethernet test, Gigabit Ethernet testing, Gigabit Ethernet installation, Gigabit Ethernet maintenance, Gigabit Ethernet commissioning, Gigabit Ethernet troubleshooting, Gigabit Ethernet protocols, Gigabit Ethernet Alarms, Gigabit Ethernet test, Gigabit Ethernet test, Gigabit Ethernet test, Gigabit Ethernet tester

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Figure 2 Power Spectrum Density (PSD)

20

1000BASE-T100BASE-TX100BASE-T210BASE-T

40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 0 -50

-40

-30

-20

-10

-0

10

20

Category 3 limit Category 5 limit

MHz

dB

PSD

Figure 3 Symbol encoding schemes used in Ethernet

0

MLT-3

NRZ

0 1 0 0 01 1 1 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 1 0Data

RZ

NRZI

Manchester

Figure 4 Frame bursting. Gigabit stations are allowed to send multiple frames to increase the efficiency of half-duplex transmission. Only the first frame requests the extension.

gap

8192 bytes

Frame 1 extension

>96 bit

Frame 2 gap

>96 bit

Frame NFrame 2Frame 1

>96 bitValid frameMax. Burst length: 8192 bytes, last frame is valid

Inter-frame gap: 96 bitsMax. extension: 448 bytesMin. frame: 64 bytes

Max. Frame: 1518 bytesSlot time: 4.096us or 4096 bitsAttempt limit: 16

up to 5.4 times max. length frameup to 5.4 times max. length frame

Phys

ical

MAC

Inte

rface

Rx

Tx

Figure 5 Full duplex (FDX) operation allows two-way transmission simultaneously without contention, collisions, extension bits or retransmissions allowing a gap between consecutive frames.

Phys

ical

MAC

Inte

rface

Rx

Tx

buffe

r

Frame gap Frame gap Frame gap Frame

Frame gap Frame gap Frame gap Frame

buffe

r


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Figure 6 802.3 MAC frame formats. Major changes in IEEE 802.3 frame format are the SDF field which is basically a name change, the Length field enables internal management of the padding field, so that higher protocols no longer need to provide their own padding mechanism.In 1997 Full Duplex support was implemented and it was necessary to use the DIX Type field to differentiate the MAC control protocol.Pause Frame which used for the Flow Control protocol. The unit of the Pause time equivalent to 512 bits time. If the Pause time is 0, it is a request to resume the transmission.

Preamble: Synchronization patternSDF: Start Frame Delimiter (10101011)DA: Destination AddressSA: Source Address

Length: Number of bytes of the LLC dataLLC data: Information supplied by LLC layerPad: Bytes added to ensure a minimum frame size of 46 bytesExtension: Only for Gigabit, ensures a minimum frame size (520 or 416 bytes depending on the version)FCS: Frame Check Sequence CRC code based on all the fields except Preamble and SDF.

7

Preamble1

SDF6

DA6

SA2

Length LLC Data Pad4

FCS Extension

8

Preamble6

DA6

SA2

Type LLC Data4

FCS46 up to 1500

IEEE 802.3 frame (1983):

Type: Nature of the client protocol *IP, IPX, AppleTalk, etc

7

Preamble1

SDF6

DA6

SA2

Type/Length LLC Data Pad4

FCS Extension

IEEE 802.3x frame (1997):

Data Link Encapsulation

Data Link EncapsulationPhysical Layer Encapsulation

46 up to 1500

46 up to 1500

DIX frame (1970):

up to 448

up to 448

bytes

bytes

bytes

VLAN Id Tag Control7

Pre1

SDF6

DA6

SA2

Lengthn

Datam

Pad4

FCS

VLAN Id: Frame Indicator for VLANTag Control: Transmission priority and VLAN Id.

2 2

Virtual LAN

Extension

Opcode7

Pre1

SDF6

DA6

SA2

Length Reserved42 4

FCS

Opcode: PAUSE frame, hexa value = 0001 Pause Time: Time is requested to inhibit transmission

2

Pause time2

Extension

PAUSE

1

0 = Unicast physical address, 1 = Multicast logical address

Vendor

0 = Unique address, 1 = Locally unique addressLast bit transmitted

24 4825OUI

OUI: Organizationally Unique Identifier, IEEE administrated code.Vendor: Code administrated by the manufacturer

Address coding

bit


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Figure 7 IP Format and Higher Layers

Ver Type LengthIHL

Identification Fragment offset

Time2live Protocol Checksum

Source Address

Destination Address

Options (+padding)

Data (variable size)

bit 0 314 8 1916

20

byte 0

FlagsIP

TCP

BGP

FTP

HTTP

SMTP

SNMP

TelnetU

DP

ICMP

OSPF

IP packet

LLC

MAC

Phys

ical

Lay

er

Figure 8 Half-duplex operation. CSMA/CD flow chart. The jamming signal ensures that all the stations know that there has been a collision. The amount of random time waited depends on the backoff strategy

Ready to send?

MediumIdle?

busy

Transmit whilelistening

collision 1. stop transmission2. transmit jam signal

yes

3. wait random time

Restart Process

detected

Transmission OK

yes

no collision

(a)

(b)

(h)

(d)

(i)

(b)(a)

(c)

(c)(c)

(c)

(i)(a)

(k)

(j)

(d)

(j)(k)

(a)(b)

(i)(j)(k)

(j.2)

(a)

(a)

(h)

1. stop transmission2. transmit jam signal3. wait random time

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Half Duplex Operation limits

bit rate type diameter with repeaters1000 Mbit/s 1000BASE-T 100 m 200 m1000 Mbit/s Fiber 316 m 200 m100 Mbit/s UTP 100 m 205 m100 Mbit/s Fiber 412 m 205 m10 Mbit/s UTP 100 m 2500 m

Frame 1Frame 2CollisionJam


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PCSPhy Coding Sublayer

PMAPhy Med Attachment

PMDPhy Med Dependent

Figure 9 Gigabit Ethernet defines several transmission media: 802.3z (1000BASE-X) based on the existing Fibre Channel technology and 802.3ab (1000BASE-T) which uses UTP.

MDIPMD

MDICX

MDILX

MDISX

GMII (optional)PCS - 8B/10B

PMA Autonegotiation

Gigabit MAC

PCS 4DPAM5PMA

Autonegotiation

802.3z

2xSTP Single/Multimode Multimode 4xUTP Cat.5

1000BA

SE-T802.3ab

LLC (802.2)

MAC (802.3)CSMA/CD or FDX

MDIMedium Dependent I/F

FC-4Higher Layers

FC-3Connection Services

FC-0Medium Interface

FC-2Signalling

FC-1Codification

IEEE 802.3zFibre Channel IEEE 802.3

Receive

Serialiser

Optical fiber

8 bi

ts, 1

25 M

Hz

GMII

Auto-Negotiation

Carrier Sense(125

MBy

tes/

s)8

bits

10

B co

des

125

Mco

des/

s

8B/10B encoder 8B/10B decoder

Transmit

Laser Driver Photo-Detector(ser

ial in

terfa

ce)

Synchronisation

Deserialiser

125

Mba

uds

(opt

ical in

terfa

ce)

PMA

PMD

PCS

Optical fiber

abcd

ei-fg

hjH

GFE

DC

BA

T

Tx

Hybrid

R

Rx

125

Mba

ud

THybrid

R

125

Mba

ud

T

Hybrid

R

125

Mba

ud

T

H

R

125

Mba

udT

Hybrid

Recovery

Slave

Four pair UTP-5 FDXR

clock

MDI

1000BASE-T1000BASE-LX and 1000BASE-SXTx Rx Tx Rx

1000

BA

SE-X

extension gapFrame 1 Frame 2Idle Idle

/S/

extension

8B/10B codification/I2//I2/... /R/.../R//R/ /R/ ... /R/ /S/ 8B/10B codification .../I2/

Code Description Encoding Comment/C1/ Configuration /K28.5/D21.5/Msg Alternating C1 and C2, Auto-

negotiation/C2/ Configuration /K28.5/D2.2/Msg/I1/ Idle /K28.5/D5.6/ Interframe gaps. /I1/ Correct-

ing, /I2/ preserving/I2/ Idle /K28.5/D16.2//R/ Carrier Extend /K23.7/ Also interframe gaps/S/ Start of Frame /K27.7/ Delimiter/T/ End of Frame /K29.7/ Delimiter/V/ Error /K30.7/ Errors notification

Data 8B valueHGF-EDCBA Name 10B code

abcdei fghj10B code +abcdei fghj

D7 110 10111 /D23.6/ 111010 0110 000101 0110/I2/ Idle /K28.5/

D16.2/001111 1010011011 0101

110000 0101100100 0101

/R/ Carrier Extend /K23.7/ 111010 1000 000101 0111/S/ Start of Frame /K27.7/ 111010 1000 000101 0111/T/ End of Frame /K29.7/ 101110 1000 010001 0111/V/ Error /K30.7/ 011110 1000 100001 0111

...

Figure 10 At the Line Coding for 1000BASEX. The use of code words to encapsulate the frame is made to unambiguously distinguish data from control information.


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Figure 11 Autonegotiation messages. On link initialization the two stations send 16 bits page messages to their partners. The interchange can consist of many pages in addition to the base page. Scope:10/100BASE-T autonegotiation: only systems 10/1000 Mbit/s using UTP and RJ-45. 1000BASE-X autonegotiation: media equivalent systems at 1000 Mbit/s1000BASE-T autonegotiation: negotiable 10/100/1000 Mbit/s using UTP and RJ-45.

Acknowledgement

S0 S1 S2 S3 S4

Next Page presentSelector Field

Remote Fault Indicator

PAUSE (full duplex only)100BASE-T4 Half Duplex

100BASE-TX Full Duplex100BASE-TX Half Duplex

10BASE-T Full Duplex10BASE-T Half Duplex

Asymmetric PAUSE (full duplex only)Reserved

Autonegotiation Base Page

A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 RF Ack NP

0 151 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

00001 - IEEE 802.300010 - IEEE 802.900011 - 802.5

Acknowledgement

M0 M1 M2 M3 M4

Next Page presentMessage

Message Page

Toggle Acknowledgement

M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 T Ac2 MP Ack NP

0 151 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1000000000 - Null0100000000 - One Technology UP follows1100000011 - Two Technology UP follows

U0 U1 U2 U3 U4 0 0 0 0 0 0 T Ac2 MP Ack NP

0 151 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14Unformatted Page 1

Message Next Page

0010000000 - One Binary UP follows1010000000 - Organizationally Unique Id.0110000000 - PHY Id. 1110000000 - 100BASE-T2 One Ability UP follows1110000000 - 1000BASE-T Two Ability UP follows

AcknowledgementNext Page present

Message Page


Full DuplexHalf Duplex

Port type (1=Multiport)

Master/Slave Configuration (1=Manual)Configuration (1=Master, 0=Slave)

Acknowledgement

SB0 SB1 SB2 SB3 SB4

Next Page present Master/Slave Seed value

Message Page


SB5 SB6 SB7 SB8 SB9 SB10 T Ac2 MP Ack NP

0 151 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

The device with the higher SEEDvalue is configured as MASTER

1000BASE-T full duplex1000BASE-T100BASE-T2 full duplex100BASE-TX full duplex100BASE-T2100BASE-T4100BASE-TX10BASE-T full duplex10BASE-T

Lowest

HighestPriority Resolution

0

Acknowledgement

151 2 3 4 5 6 7 13 14

Next Page presentReserved

Remote Fault: 00=OKPause: 00 No Pause

Full Duplex01=Offline10=Link Failure11=Autonegotiation Error01 Asymmetric pause

10 Symmetric pause11 Symmetric and Asymmetric pause

Autonegotiation Base Page

Rsv Rsv Rsv Rsv Rsv FD HD PS1 RF1 RF2 Ack NP

12

Reserved

PS2 Rsv Rsv Rsv

8 9 10 11

Half Duplex

Unformatted Page 21000BASE-T

1000BASE-T

1000BASE-X

10/100/1000BASE-T


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Figure 12 Cat 5e cabling mask up to 100 MHz and Cat 6 cabling mask up to 250 MHz for 1000BASE-T operation.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

50 100 150 200

NEXTPSNEXT

ELFEXTPSELFEXTReturn Loss

ACR

Ins Loss

PSACR

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

NEXT

PSNEXTELFEXT

PSELFEXT

Insertion Loss

dB

Return Loss

ACRPSACR

20 40 60 80 100 MHz

dB

Cat 5e Cat 6

250 MHz

RFC 2544RFC 2544 discusses and defines a number of tests that may be used to describe the performance characteristics of a network inter-connecting device. In addition to defining the tests this document also describes specific formats for reporting the results of the tests.

Benchmarking tests:Note: The notation “type of data stream” refers to the above modifi-cations to a frame stream with a constant inter-frame gap, for example, the addition of traffic filters to the configuration of the DUT.

ThroughputObjective: To determine the DUT throughput defined in RFC 1242. Procedure: Send a specific number of frames at a specific rate through the DUT and then count the frames that are transmitted by the DUT. If the count of transmitted frames is equal to the count of received frames, increase the throughput and rerun the test. Rerun the test until fewer frames are transmitted by the DUT than were received by it. The throughput is the fastest rate at which the count of test frames transmitted by the DUT is equal to the number of test frames sent to it by the test equipment.

LatencyObjective: To determine the latency as defined in RFC 1242.Procedure: First determine the throughput for DUT at each of the listed frame sizes. Send a stream of frames at a particular frame size through the DUT at the determined throughput rate to a spe-cific destination. The stream should be at least 120 seconds in duration. An identifying tag should be included in one frame after 60 seconds with the type of tag being implementation dependent. The time at which this frame is fully transmitted is recorded (timestamp A). The receiver logic in the test equipment MUST recognize the tag information in the frame stream and record the time at which the tagged frame was received (timestamp B). The latency is times-tamp B minus timestamp A as per the relevant definition from RFC 1242, namely latency as defined for store and forward devices or latency as defined for bit forwarding devices.

Frame Loss RateObjective: To determine the frame loss rate, RFC 1242, of a DUT throughout the entire range of input data rates and frame sizes. Procedure: Send a specific number of frames at a specific rate through the DUT to be tested and count the frames that are trans-mitted by the DUT. The frame loss rate at each point is calculated using the following equation:

((input_count - output_count) * 100) / input_count

The first trial should be run for the frame rate that corresponds to 100% of the maximum rate for the frame size on the input media. Repeat the procedure for the rate that corresponds to 90% of the maximum rate used and then for 80% of this rate. This sequence should be continued (at reducing 10% intervals) until there are two successive trials in which no frames are lost. The maximum granu-larity of the trials MUST be 10% of the maximum rate, a finer gran-ularity is encouraged.

Back-to-Back FramesObjective: To characterize the ability of a DUT to process back-to-back frames as defined in RFC 1242. Procedure: Send a burst of frames with minimum inter-frame gaps to the DUT and count the number of frames forwarded by it. If the count of transmitted frames is equal to the number of frames for-warded, the length of the burst is increased and the test is rerun. If the number of forwarded frames is less than the number transmit-ted, the length of the burst is reduced and the test is rerun. The back-to-back value is the number of frames in the longest burst that the DUT will handle without the loss of any frames. The trial length MUST be at least 2 seconds and should be repeated at least 50 times with the average of the recorded values being reported.

System RecoveryObjective: To characterize the speed at which a DUT recovers from an overload condition. Procedure: First determine the throughput for a DUT at each of the listed frame sizes. Send a stream of frames at a rate 110% of the recorded throughput rate or the maximum rate for the media, whichever is lower, for at least 60 seconds. At Timestamp A reduce the frame rate to 50% of the above rate and record the time of the last frame lost (Timestamp B). The system recovery time is deter-mined by subtracting Timestamp B from Timestamp A. The test should be repeated a number of times and the average of the recorded values being reported.

ResetObjective: To characterize the speed at which a DUT recovers from a device or software reset.Procedure: First determine the throughput for the DUT for the mini-mum frame size on the media used in the testing. Send a continu-ous stream of frames at the determined throughput rate for the minimum-sized frames. Cause a reset in the DUT. Monitor the out-put until frames begin to be forwarded, and record the time that the last frame (Timestamp A) of the initial stream and the first frame of the new stream (Timestamp B) are received. A power interruption reset test is performed as above, except that the power to the DUT should be interrupted for 10 seconds in place of causing a reset. This test should only be run using frames addressed to networks directly connected to the DUT, so that there is no requirement to delay until a routing update is received. The reset value is obtained by subtracting Timestamp A from Timestamp B. Hardware and soft-ware resets, as well as a power interruption should be tested.

Customers

ServiceProvider

SLA

GigabitEthernet

VLANAurora Tango

TrendCommunications

[email protected]

Americas: +1 256 461 0790

España:

UK:

Deutschland:

France:India:

93 300 33 13

01628 524977

089 32 3009-0

01 69 35 54 7022 8597 463/4

web:mail:

Trend Communications Ltd.Knaves Beech EstateLoudwater, High WycombeBuckinghamshire HP10 9QZ UK

© C

opyr

ight

Tre

nd C

omm

unic

atio

ns 2

004


AcronymsACR Attenuation to Cross Talk Ratio NIC Network Interface Card

Auto Autonegotiation NRZ Non Return to Zero

CPE Customer Premises Equipment PAM Pulse Amplitude Modulation

CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detect PCS Physical Code Sublayer

DUT Device Under Test PHY Physical Layer

ELFEXT Equal Level Far End Cross Talk PMA Physical Medium Attachment

FDX Full-Duplex Capacity PMD Physical Media Dependent

GMII Gigabit Media Independent Interface PSACR Power Sum ACR

IL Insertion Loss PSELFEXT Power Sum ELFEXT

LLC Logical Link Control (LLC) PSNEX Power Sum Next

MAC Media Access Control (MAC) RL Return Loss

MDI Media-Dependent Interface RZ Return to Zero

MFS Minimum Frame Size RZI Return to Zero Inverted

MII Media-Independent Interface SMF Single Mode Fibre

MLT3 Multi-Level Threshold STP Shielded Twisted Pair

MMF Multi-Mode Fibre UP Unformatted Page

NEXT Near End Cross Talk UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair

A drawing of the first Ethernet system by Bob Metcalfe

Gigabit Ethernet Testing

Cable Under Test

Link Under Test

Device Under Test

AuroraTango

IP

Network Under Test

ServiceProvider

TroubleshootingTroubleshooting

CPE Under Test

Documents

Quick Reference Guide - IDEAL INDUSTRIES Ethernet tester, ... Quick Reference Guide AuroraTango Gigabit Ethernet Multi-technology Personal Test Assistant Platform for simple, fast