Questions for insufficient mark improvement

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ApprovedDean of the foreign students

Professor _______________Yu.G.Poostovyy

____________________2008.

QUESTIONS FOR INSUFFICIENT MARK RESIT.

No Practical class topic Questions

1. - Tuberculosis epidemiology.

- Tuberculosis etiology and

pathogenesis. Immunity andtuberculosis.- Tuberculosis clinicalclassification.

Main epidemiological indices calculating and interpreting;Tuberculosis transmission ways;Tuberculosis risk factors and risk groups;Mycobacteria pathogenic and nonpathogenic types;Main links of the disease pathogenesis;

Phases of the immunological transformation;

Diagnosis formulation (clinical type of the disease, category, cohort, bacterialdischarging, histological type).

2. - General approaches for casedetecting.

- Special methods of casedetecting;

a) Microbiological tests

Most common complaints and anamnesis data;Typical plan of patient with the suspicion of tuberculosis examination (obligate andadditional methods);Methods of mycobacteria detecting, each methods advantages and disadvantages;

Methods of tuberculosis radiological detecting, each methods advantages and


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b) Radiological methods

c) Tuberculin tests

disadvantages;Principle radiological syndromes of pulmonary diseases;

Anterior-posterior and lateral view of the chest X-ray description;

The tuberculin solution, its type and dosage;Types of the tuberculin responses;Mantoux skin test procedure and interpreting;

Post-vaccine and infectious reaction differentiating;Mantoux skin test conversion. Definition and intervention.

3. - Primary tuberculosis:

- Pre-local tuberculosis

- Intrathoracic lymph nodes

tuberculosis.

- Primary tubercle complex

- Primary tuberculosis

complications.- Primary tuberculosis age

differences in children,adolescents and adults.

Primary period of the tubercle infection. Principle differences between primary andsecondary tuberculosis;Primary tuberculosis clinical types;Pre-local tuberculosis definition and diagnostical algorithm;

Pre-local tuberculosis deferential diagnosis;Intrathoracic lymph nodes tuberculosis definition and diagnostical algorithm.Different clinical variants if the disease;Intrathoracic lymph nodes tuberculosis deferential diagnosis;

Primary tubercle complex definition and principle elements. Diagnostical algorithm;Primary tubercle complex phases;Primary tubercle complex differential diagnosis;Plain X-ray of primary tuberculosis cases description;

Primary tuberculosis complications;

Physiological age peculiarities which produce primary tuberculosis clinical coursedifferences;Primary tuberculosis age differences in children, adolescents and adults.

4. Disseminative tuberculosis. The factors producing dissemination;Types of disseminative tuberculosis;

Subacute and chronic disseminative tuberculosis definition and diagnostical

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Miliary tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis of the nervoussystem and meninges.

algorithm;Disseminative tuberculosis differentiation from pneumonia, disseminated lung

cancer, sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis;

Plain X-ray of miliary tuberculosis cases description;Miliary tuberculosis definition and clinical variants;Tubercle granuloma peculiarities in miliary tuberculosis;

Miliary tuberculosis differentiation from pneumonia, typhoid fever, disseminatedlung cancer;Miliary tuberculosis diagnostical algorithm;Tuberculosis of the nervous system clinical types;Periods of the disease;

Clinical and laboratory criteria of the tubercle meningitis;Differential diagnosis in meningeal syndrome cases;Meningeal tuberculosis diagnostical algorithm.

5. Secondary tuberculosis clinicaltypes:

- Focal

- Infiltrative

- Tuberculoma

Secondary tuberculosis definition and clinical types;Focal tuberculosis definition, morphological variants and typical clinical course;

Tuberculosis activity appreciation;Plain X-ray of focal tuberculosis cases description;Infiltrative tuberculosis definition, clinico-radiological variants;Infiltrative tuberculosis diagnostical algorithm, clinical peculiarities depending on

infiltrate radiological type;Infiltrative tuberculosis differentiation from pneumonia, atelectasis, lung cancer;Plain X-ray of infiltrative tuberculosis cases description;Tuberculoma definition, morphological variants and typical clinical course;Tuberculoma differentiation from pulmonary benign and malignant tumors,

aspergiloma, echinococcosis;Diagnostical algorithm in round opacity cases;Plain X-ray of round opacity cases description;

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- Fibrous-cavernous and cirrhotictuberculosis

Fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis definition, morphological and clinical variants of thedisease;

Typical clinical course and diagnostical approaches at the disease;

Plain X-ray of fibrous-cavernous cases description;Cirrhotic tuberculosis definition, morphological and clinical peculiarities;Plain X-ray of cirrhosis cases description.

6. Tuberculosis complications:-hemoptysis and pulmonary

hemorrhage

-spontaneous pneumathorax

-secondary pulmonaryhypertension

- amyloidosisTubercle pleurisy

Tuberculosis specific and nonspecific complications;Main pathogenesis variants of the pulmonary hemorrhage;

Differential diagnosis from bleeding of other localization (esophageal, nasal, gastricones);Severity appreciation;Critical care algorithm;

Spontaneous pneumathorax definition and principle pathogenesis;Spontaneous pneumathorax critical care algorithm;Secondary pulmonary hypertension mechanism;Secondary pulmonary hypertension diagnostical criteria;

Secondary pulmonary hypertension management;Amyloidosis pathogenesis, diagnosis and management;Tubercle pleurisy definition and pathogenetical variants;Clinical feature and laboratory diagnosis of pleurisy;

Differential diagnosis in pleurisy of different origin (tuberculosis, non-specific,malignant);

Plain X-ray of pleurisy cases description.

7. General principles of tuberculosistreatment. Antituberculosis drugs.Standard treatment regimen.

General principles of tuberculosis treatment, DOTS-strategy;An expanded treatment conception;Existing antituberculosis drugs classifications;

Treatment-directed cases categories;The phases of the treatment;

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Tuberculosis prevention. Social,medical, sanitary approach.

-BCG-vaccination .

Recovery criteria;Principle preventive measures;

Main socially-based approaches;

Tuberculosis hotbed definition and hazard appreciation;Preventive activity in the hotbed (disinfection, screening, chemoprophylaxis);Chemoprophylaxis definition and types;

Indications and contraindications for chemoprophylaxis;Existing chemoprophylaxis regimens;BCG-vaccine characteristics;Vaccination procedure and post-vaccinate evolution;Contraindications forBCG-vaccination ;

Post-vaccine complications.

8. HIV-associated tuberculosis

Tuberculosis in patients with

diabetes mellitus.

Tuberculosis in patients with

pneumoconiosis.

Tuberculosis and pregnancy.

Principle pathogenesis mechanisms of the HIV-associated tuberculosis;Most common tuberculosis clinical types in HIV-positive patients versus HIV-negative;HIV-associated tuberculosis management;

Tuberculosis prevention among HIV-positive patients;Diabetes mellitus as a tuberculosis risk factor;Clinical, diagnostical and managerial peculiarities of the tuberculosis combined withdiabetes mellitus;

The type of pneumoconiosis which produces tuberculosis the most frequently;Clinical, diagnostical and managerial peculiarities of the tuberculosis combined with

pneumoconiosis;Plain X-ray of the tuberculosis combined with pneumoconiosis cases description;Pregnancy as a tuberculosis risk factor. The highest risk periods of the pregnancy;

Clinical, diagnostical and managerial peculiarities of the tuberculosis in pregnantwomen;Management of the newborn from the mother suffering from tuberculosis.

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9. TB control system. Organizational principles of DOTS (Directlyobserved treatment short course).

Main organizational principles of the DOTS strategy;Elements of the DOTS strategy;

Existing approach for the case detecting;

Tuberculosis-control systems in the countries with different level of tuberculosisprevalence.

Approved on chair meeting ______________________2008.

Protocol ________

Head of the Phtisiology chair,

Professor _______________Yu.G.Poostovyy

Methodic board head ,

Professor _______________Yu.N.Kolchin

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Questions for insufficient mark improvement