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What is an idea?
• A formulated thought or opinion• The central meaning or chief end of a particular
action or situation
Merriam Websterhttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/idea
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What is an invention?
• The action of inventing something, typically a process or device.
Oxford Living Dictionaryhttps://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/invention
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Idea Thought or opinion
InventionDevice or process
QuestioningWhat is the idea?Does the idea solve a problem?
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What is this workshop all about?
Start:
1. Asking 5W 1H questions about your idea and the problem it is supposed to solve
2. Applying PESTLE analysis to ask questions from multiple perspectives
3. Asking questions using IDEO's Desirability, Viability and Feasibility
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Questioning
Ask Questions
Search for Answers
Ask More Questions
Found Answers
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5W 1H
Question To find out… Example
What definition, description, examples
What is climate change?
When time of the occurrence, frequency of occurrence
How often do we experience extreme temperatures?
Where place, location, country, market
How are Asian countries affected by climate change?
5W 1H
Question To find out… Example
Who people affected, influencers, decision makers, people with resources
Which communities are at risk of flooding?
Why reasons, justifications, causes, motivations
Why do we continue to use coal?
How application, method, process, technology, tools
How efficient are solar cells compared to wind turbines?
Does the idea solve a problem?
• What is the idea?
• What is the problem?
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What is the idea?Refer to Worksheet
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Exercise 1- What is the idea?
A water filter which filters contaminants
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Exercise 1- What is the idea?Questions Answers
What is the idea? A water filter which filters contaminants
People with no drinking water
Third World countries
Daily
To provide clean drinking water
Water filter uses a membrane to filter physical and some organic contaminants and UV light to kill pathogens.
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Exercise 1- What is the idea?Questions Answers
What is the idea? A water filter which filters contaminants
Who uses the idea? People with no drinking water
Where is the idea used?
Third World countries
When is the idea used? Daily
Why is the idea used? To provide clean drinking water
How is the idea used? Water is run through a membrane to filter physical and organic contaminants. UV light is used to kill pathogens.
What is the problem?Refer to Worksheet
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What is the problem?
Question Answer
What is the problem? Lack of drinking water
Who is affected by it? People with no drinking water
Where does the problem occur? Third World countries
When does the problem occur? Daily
Why would the problem occur? Groundwater is contaminated
How does the problem occur? Contaminated by unsanitary conditions
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What is the problem?
Why no drinking water?
Contaminated by unsanitary conditions
How is water contaminated?
Groundwater is contaminated
Lack of drinking water
Who is affected?
When do people have no drinking water?
Where is this place with no drinking water?
People with no drinking water
DailyThird World countries
Question Answer More QuestionsQ1. What is the problem?
Lack of drinking water What does “lack” mean?Water taps have run dry?No water system?
Q2. Who is affected by it?
People with no drinking water
Q3. Where does the problem occur?
Third World countries
Q4. When would the problem occur?
Daily
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Exercise 2: Ask more questions
Question Answer More QuestionsQ1. What is the problem?
The lack of drinking water What does “lack” mean?Water taps have run dry?No water system?
Q2. Who is affected by it?
People with no drinking water
Who exactly are these people?
Q3. Where does the problem occur?
Third World countries Which Third World country?
Q4. When would the problem occur?
Daily Is there a seasonal lack?
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Question Answer More Questions
Q5. Why would the problem occur?
Groundwater is contaminated
What is the groundwater contaminated with?
Q6. How does the problem occur?
Contaminated by unsanitary conditions
What are the unsanitary conditions?
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Question Answer More Questions Answer
Q1. What is the problem?
The lack of drinking water
What does “lack” mean?Water taps have run dry?No water system?
No water systemJust groundwater from ponds and wells
Q2. Who is affected by
People with no drinking water
Who exactly are these people?
Villagers-Lack education-Don’t know how to boil water to kill pathogens
Q3. Where does the problem occur?
Third World countries
Which Third World country?
Timor-LesteTangkae Village60km from DiliNo public roads
Q4. When would the problem occur?
Daily Is there a seasonal lack?
No, it is a daily lack
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Question Answer More Questions Answer
Q5. Why would the problem occur?
Groundwater is contaminated
What is the groundwater contaminated with?
Contaminated with pathogens from human waste, dead animals, organic matter
Q6. How does the problem occur?
Contaminated by unsanitary conditions
What are the unsanitary conditions?
No sewage systemLatrines are holes in the ground located near water source
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Contaminated by unsanitary conditions in the village
Groundwater is contaminated
Lack of drinking water
Daily
Villagers
Lack educationDon’t know how to boil water to kill pathogens
Timor-LesteTangkae Village60km from DiliNo public roads
Contaminated by pathogens from human waste, dead animals, organic matter
No sewage systemLatrines are holes in the ground located near water source
No water systemJust groundwater from ponds and wells
5W 1H, 5W 1H, 5W 1HLots & lots of answers
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So, what?What if….?
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Contaminated by unsanitary conditions in the village
Groundwater is contaminated
Lack of drinking waterVillagers
Daily
Lack educationDon’t know how to boil water to kill pathogens
Timor-LesteTangkae Village60km from DiliNo public roads
Contaminated by pathogens from human waste, dead animals, organic matter
No sewage systemLatrines are holes in the ground
No water systemJust groundwater in ponds and wells
SO, WHAT IF VILLAGERS CONTINUE TO LIVE THIS WAY?
Villagers get sick from waterborne diseases and die because they lack medical help. Closest medical help is in Dili.
Looking at a problem from multiple perspectives
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Viewing the problem through PESTLE factors:
Political Role of government, political parties’ influence
Economic Economic growth, cost, industries’ influences
Social Population, education, culture, communities, people’s behavior, values
Technological Application of technologies, tools, methods, processes
Legal Laws, regulations, agreements
Environmental Space, terrain, land, air, water
Exercise 3:How do I get rich from my invention of a
super-duper slimming pill?
• Match PESTLE factors to the statements.
• Go to this link:
http://bit.ly/2MYh22g
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Exercise 3:How do I get rich from my super-duper slimming pill?
I must consider the cost of manufacturing my slimming pill so that I can get bigger profits.
Economic factor
I must apply an advanced method of extracting a special ingredient from papayas which breaks down fat quickly.
Technological factor
I must create a slimming pill which is appealing to professionalwomen who are conscious of their looks, have a lot of money to spend and very little time to exercise.
Social factor
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Exercise 3:How do I get rich from my super-duper slimming pill?
I must look for a market where there is a lack of slimming pill products.
Environmental factor
I must promote my slimming pill when the government is encouraging people to fight obesity and live healthily.
Political factor
I must ensure that the laws of the country I market to would consider my slimming pill as a health supplement and not a drug.
Legal factor
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Contaminated by unsanitary conditions in the village
Groundwater is contaminated
Lack of drinking waterVillagers
Daily
Lack educationDon’t know how to boil water to kill pathogens
Timor-LesteTangkae Village60km from DiliNo public roads
Contaminated by pathogens from human waste, dead animals, organic matter
No sewage systemLatrines are holes in the ground
No water systemJust groundwater in ponds and wells
SO, WHAT IF VILLAGERS CONTINUE TO LIVE THIS WAY?
Villagers get sick from waterborne diseases and die because they lack medical help. Closest medical help is in Dili.
Exercise 4: So, what is the problem?
Categorize the problems in PESTLE:
PESTLE categories Problem Solution
Political/Legal No sewage systemNo water systemNo roads to TangkaeNo medical helpGovernment has not set up public infrastructure
Economic
Social
Technological
Environmental 33
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Contaminated by unsanitary conditions in the village
Groundwater is contaminated
Lack of drinking waterVillagers
Daily
Lack educationDon’t know how to boil water to kill pathogens
Timor-LesteTangkae Village60km from DiliNo public roads
Contaminated by pathogens from human waste, dead animals, organic matter
No sewage systemLatrines are holes in the ground
No water systemJust groundwater in ponds and wells
Villagers get sick from waterborne diseases and die because they lack medical help. Closest medical help in Dili.
SO, WHAT IF VILLAGERS CONTINUE TO LIVE THIS WAY?
Exercise 4: So, what is the problem?
Categorize the problems in PESTLE:
PESTLE categories Problem Solution
Political/Legal No sewage systemNo water systemNo roads to TangkaeNo medical helpGovernment has not set up public infrastructure
Economic
Social
Technological
Environmental 35
PESTLE categories Problem Solution
Political/Legal No sewage systemNo water systemNo roads to TangkaeNo medical helpGovernment has not set up public infrastructure
Economic Is the government and people poor?
Social Villagers lack educationGet sick and die if no medical help
Technological No water systemNo sewage system
Water filter
Environmental Groundwater is the only sourceGroundwater is contaminatedVillage is inaccessible
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Who is paying for the many water filters villagers need?
Can we invent a plumbing system to solve water supply and sewage disposal?
Will villagers know how to use and repair water filter?
How do we bring medical help to the village?
Can international organizations and companies help the government?
Can we look for another water source?
Government and people are poor?
Villagers lack educationGet sick and die if no medical help
Groundwater is only source and is contaminatedVillage is inaccessible
Government has not set up public infrastructure
No water systemNo sewage system
Water Filter
Idea Thought or opinion
InventionDevice or process
QuestioningWhat is the idea?Does the idea solve a problem?Is the idea Desirable?Is the idea Feasible?Is the idea Viable?
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Desirability(Human)
Feasibility(Tech)
Viability(Business)
https://designthinking.ideo.com/?page_id=1542
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Desirability(Human)
Feasibility(Tech)
Viability(Business)
Is it easily applied or manufactured?Is it adaptable?Is it sustainable?
What need does it serve?How does it fit into people’s lives?Do people know how to use it?Would people want to buy or own it?
Is there a market for it?Is the product new or niche? What are the alternatives?Who are the major competitors?
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Desirability (Human) Desirability questions about water filter
What need does it serve? What need does the water filter serve?
How does it fit into people’s lives?
Do people know how to use it? How easy or user-friendly is the water filter for villagers to use?
Would people want to buy or own it?
Exercise 5:Ask Desirability questions about water filter
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Desirability (Human) Desirability questions about water filter
What need does it serve? What need does the water filter serve?Do the villagers know that the water filter is critical to prevent deaths?
How does it fit into people’s lives?
What are the cultural perceptions and attitudes of the villagers to technology?Is there a champion in the village who will readily use the water filter?
Do people know how to use it?
How easy or user-friendly is the water filter for villagers to use? Will they be able to assemble filter on their own?
Would people want to buy or own it?
Will the government or NGOs support equipping and sustain the water filter use? How will they do this?
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Feasibility (Technology) Feasibility questions about water filter
Is it easily applied or manufactured?
What are the existing technologies of water filters?What processes, systems, expertise, skills, time, materials, etc are required to make the water filter?
Is it adaptable?
Is it sustainable?
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Feasibility (Technology) Feasibility questions about water filter
Is it easily applied or manufactured?
What are the existing technologies of water filters?What processes, systems, expertise, skills, time, materials, etc are required to make the water filter?
Is it adaptable? Can the water filters be adapted to produce other things such as electricity?What other types of water can it filter? Are water filter parts easily adapted from locally available materials?Can the water filter be used for different environments?
Is it sustainable? Is it resource-intensive to manufacture or to maintain?What are the environmental impacts of the manufacturing and use of the water filter?
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Viability (Business) Viability questions about water filter
Is there a market for it? Would the water filter be useful for other Timor-Leste villages?
Is the product new or niche? What are the alternatives?
What other water filtering devices are in the market which are suitable for Tangkae?
Is it cost-effective to produce?
Who are the major competitors?
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Viability (Business) Viability questions about water filter
Is there a market for it? Would the water filter be useful for other Timor-Leste villages?What about other Third World countries?What other situations could this water filter be useful for?
Is the product new or niche? What are the alternatives?
What other water filtering devices are in the market which are suitable for Tangkae?
Is it cost-effective to produce? How much do the materials and other resources cost?
Who are the major competitors? What companies are making water filters for Third World countries? How well are they performing?
Idea Thought or opinion
InventionDevice or process
QuestioningWhat is the idea?Does the idea solve a problem?
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Ask Questions
5W 1HDesirability FeasibilityViability
Search for Answers
Ask More Questions
Found Answers
Idea Thought or opinion
InventionDevice or process
QuestioningWhat is the idea?Does the idea solve a problem?
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PESTLEcategories
Problem Solution
Political/Legal
Economic
Social
Technological
Environmental
Ask Questions
Search for Answers
Ask More Questions
Found Answers
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Questioning Increase knowledge Informed decisions
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