Question of the DAY Jan 22 The crime lab “runs” on physical evidence. Evidence must be collected from a crime scene should follow which guideline. A. Collect

Question of the DAY Jan 22Question of the DAY Jan 22

The crime lab “runs” on physical evidence. The crime lab “runs” on physical evidence. Evidence must be collected from a crime scene Evidence must be collected from a crime scene should follow which guideline.should follow which guideline.

A. Collect any and all objects from a crime A. Collect any and all objects from a crime scene.scene.

B. Only collect objects that have visible physical B. Only collect objects that have visible physical evidence on them.evidence on them.

C. Only collect evidence based upon eyewitness C. Only collect evidence based upon eyewitness testimony.testimony.

D. Collect evidence with a degree of selectivity D. Collect evidence with a degree of selectivity as it may pertain to the investigation.as it may pertain to the investigation.

Make-Up TestsMake-Up Tests

CHAPTER 3 TESTCHAPTER 3 TEST

All students All students who need to take the who need to take the Chapter 3 Test will do so on the next full Chapter 3 Test will do so on the next full day we are back in school.day we are back in school.

BE PREPARED for FRIDAY Jan 24BE PREPARED for FRIDAY Jan 24

DO NOW Jan 22DO NOW Jan 22

YOU DECIDE!YOU DECIDE!

Watch the following video clip.Watch the following video clip.

http://www.investigationdiscovery.com/forensics/videos/forensics-you-decide-where-theres-fire.htm

Pay close attention to the details of the Pay close attention to the details of the case.case.

GUILTY? OR INNOCENT?GUILTY? OR INNOCENT?

AGENDA Jan 22AGENDA Jan 22

Big Question: What are the responsibilities Big Question: What are the responsibilities of the first responder on a crime scene?of the first responder on a crime scene?

1. Question of the Day and DO NOW1. Question of the Day and DO NOW

2. Chapter 3 Tests2. Chapter 3 Tests

3. Begin Chapter 2: The Crime Scene3. Begin Chapter 2: The Crime Scene Guided Reading Notes Guided Reading Notes GRADED GRADED

4. Review and Closing Thoughts4. Review and Closing Thoughts

Question of the Day Jan 24Question of the Day Jan 24

Which of the following processes should Which of the following processes should be used to best record a crime scene?be used to best record a crime scene?

A. Notes and PhotographyA. Notes and Photography

B. Sketches and NotesB. Sketches and Notes

C. Sketches, Notes, and DNA AnalysisC. Sketches, Notes, and DNA Analysis

D. Notes, Sketches, and PhotographyD. Notes, Sketches, and Photography

DO NOW Jan 24DO NOW Jan 24You are the first officer arriving at the scene of a You are the first officer arriving at the scene of a crime. Additional officers will be arriving in the next crime. Additional officers will be arriving in the next five minutes. five minutes.

A fight broke out in a parking lot of a busy shopping A fight broke out in a parking lot of a busy shopping center. Two men were involved in a physical center. Two men were involved in a physical altercation. Witnesses at the scene tell you that after altercation. Witnesses at the scene tell you that after the fight ended, one man returned in his car and hit the fight ended, one man returned in his car and hit the other man at a high speed.the other man at a high speed.

Blood, glass, and automobile parts are on the Blood, glass, and automobile parts are on the ground.ground.

Bystanders have decided to assist you and the Bystanders have decided to assist you and the victim.victim.

How would assess and control this crime scene?How would assess and control this crime scene?

DO NOW ANSWERED Jan 24DO NOW ANSWERED Jan 24First responders need to make split-second First responders need to make split-second decisions about how to handle situations they may decisions about how to handle situations they may not be prepared for.not be prepared for.

Step 1 – check on the well-being of the victim. Step 1 – check on the well-being of the victim. Administer medical assistance and call for an Administer medical assistance and call for an ambulance.ambulance.

Step 2 – Clear the crime scene. Move all Step 2 – Clear the crime scene. Move all bystanders away from the victim and the evidence.bystanders away from the victim and the evidence.

Establish a perimeter and wait for backup to assist Establish a perimeter and wait for backup to assist you.you. Setting up a perimeter around the crime scene will help to Setting up a perimeter around the crime scene will help to

preserve evidence and preserve evidence and

DO NOW ANSWERED Jan 24DO NOW ANSWERED Jan 24

After help arrives,After help arrives,

Speak with witnesses.Speak with witnesses.

Ask for description of suspectAsk for description of suspect

Description of automobileDescription of automobile

Reason for fight.Reason for fight.

Were any weapons involved in the fight.Were any weapons involved in the fight.




2. 2. Chapter 3 TestsChapter 3 Tests

3. Begin Chapter 2: The Crime Scene3. Begin Chapter 2: The Crime Scene Guided Reading Notes Guided Reading Notes GRADED GRADED INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

4. Review and Closing Thoughts4. Review and Closing Thoughts

Chapter 2: Chapter 2: The Crime SceneThe Crime Scene

Question of the Day Jan 28Question of the Day Jan 28

Research supports that the most influential Research supports that the most influential factor in psychopathy isfactor in psychopathy is

A. BehaviorA. Behavior

B. EnvironmentB. Environment

C. GeneticC. Genetic

D. Behavior and EnvironmentD. Behavior and Environment

PsychopathyPsychopathy

Personality disorderPersonality disorder

characterized by enduring antisocial characterized by enduring antisocial behavior, diminished empathy and behavior, diminished empathy and remorse, and disinhibited or bold behaviorremorse, and disinhibited or bold behavior

Can be diagnosed as earlier as 8 years of Can be diagnosed as earlier as 8 years of age – Highly debatable in the scientific age – Highly debatable in the scientific communitycommunity

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Lack of remorse or guiltLack of remorse or guilt

Emotionally shallowEmotionally shallow

Callous/lack of empathyCallous/lack of empathy

Poor behavioral controlsPoor behavioral controls

Early behavioral problemsEarly behavioral problems

Juvenile delinquencyJuvenile delinquency

Volunteers for Mr. Brady’s Volunteers for Mr. Brady’s Business SimulationBusiness Simulation

Mr. Brady’s business course is in need of Mr. Brady’s business course is in need of highly skilled and trained forensics highly skilled and trained forensics volunteers.volunteers.

Conduct an investigation into corporate Conduct an investigation into corporate criminal activity.criminal activity.

Use forensics to analyze evidence and Use forensics to analyze evidence and identify the suspect.identify the suspect.

Work with fellow students across Work with fellow students across disciplines.disciplines.





3. Chapter 2: The Crime Scene3. Chapter 2: The Crime Scene Guided Reading Notes Guided Reading Notes GRADED GRADED

4. Review and Homework4. Review and Homework

Create a Crime Scene StoryCreate a Crime Scene Story


Which piece of information is not included Which piece of information is not included in a rough sketch?in a rough sketch?

A. Location of objects within a crime sceneA. Location of objects within a crime scene

B. Position of a victim’s body in relation to B. Position of a victim’s body in relation to other objectsother objects

C. Placement of evidence markers around C. Placement of evidence markers around the crime scenethe crime scene

D. Scale dimensions of the crime scene D. Scale dimensions of the crime scene

DO NOW Jan 30DO NOW Jan 30

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cw1w3zZXeY





3. Chapter 2: The Crime Scene3. Chapter 2: The Crime Scene Finish Guided Reading Notes Finish Guided Reading Notes GRADED GRADED Review Notes on Friday Jan 31Review Notes on Friday Jan 31




Crimes that take place outdoors present Crimes that take place outdoors present additional challenges to forensics additional challenges to forensics specialists.specialists.

List 2 factors that can affect the List 2 factors that can affect the processing of a crime scene if a murder processing of a crime scene if a murder was committed in a remote forest location.was committed in a remote forest location.

QotD Jan 31QotD Jan 31Factors includeFactors include Cross-contamination of evidenceCross-contamination of evidence Environmental conditions such as rain or direct Environmental conditions such as rain or direct

sunlightsunlightColonization of insects/decomposition of bodyColonization of insects/decomposition of body

Scavenger animals consuming the body of a Scavenger animals consuming the body of a victimvictim

Access to the crime scene by police/investigatorsAccess to the crime scene by police/investigators Limited availability of resources with respect to Limited availability of resources with respect to

conducting the investigation in a timely manner.conducting the investigation in a timely manner.


Big Question: What are the proper Big Question: What are the proper procedures for recording a crime scene?procedures for recording a crime scene?



3. Chapter 2: The Crime Scene3. Chapter 2: The Crime Scene Review Guided Reading NotesReview Guided Reading Notes



AGENDA Feb 4AGENDA Feb 4



2. Chapter 2: The Crime Scene2. Chapter 2: The Crime Scene Review Guided Reading NotesReview Guided Reading Notes



Question of the DAY FEB 6Question of the DAY FEB 6Which task is not the responsibility of the lead Which task is not the responsibility of the lead investigator?investigator?

A. Developing an overview of the crime sceneA. Developing an overview of the crime scene

B. Examine all pieces of evidence to generate B. Examine all pieces of evidence to generate “leads”“leads”

C. Maintain a perimeter around the crime C. Maintain a perimeter around the crime scene by standing guard.scene by standing guard.

D. Establish perpetrator’s path of exit from D. Establish perpetrator’s path of exit from scenescene

DO NOW Feb 6DO NOW Feb 6A robbery occurred at a local business after A robbery occurred at a local business after hours. A front window is broken. The crime hours. A front window is broken. The crime scene has been established within a small office scene has been established within a small office where money was taken from a safe. You arrive where money was taken from a safe. You arrive on scene to assist the first officer there. You on scene to assist the first officer there. You observe the officer carrying a baseball bat into observe the officer carrying a baseball bat into the office and placing it on a desk. He is not the office and placing it on a desk. He is not wearing latex gloves.wearing latex gloves.

The officer then tells the photographer that it’s The officer then tells the photographer that it’s OK to begin photographing the crime scene.OK to begin photographing the crime scene.

Assess the actions of the first officer.Assess the actions of the first officer.

DO NOW ANSWER Feb 6DO NOW ANSWER Feb 61. If the baseball bat is evidence, he may be 1. If the baseball bat is evidence, he may be contaminating it by not wearing gloves.contaminating it by not wearing gloves.

2. The crime scene and everything within it must 2. The crime scene and everything within it must remain unaltered until the scene has been remain unaltered until the scene has been properly recorded.properly recorded.

The officer should have left the bat where he The officer should have left the bat where he found it.found it.

Placing it on the desk may jeopardize the Placing it on the desk may jeopardize the investigation.investigation. Photographs and other recordings my be Photographs and other recordings my be

inadmissibleinadmissible

AGENDA Feb 6AGENDA Feb 6



2. Chapter 2: The Crime Scene2. Chapter 2: The Crime Scene Review Guided Reading NotesReview Guided Reading Notes GRADEDGRADED

3. Crime Scene Sketching3. Crime Scene Sketching

4. Review and Homework4. Review and HomeworkCreate a Crime Scene StoryCreate a Crime Scene Story

Video Case Study Part IIVideo Case Study Part II

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJnTEbCdQTQ

JonBenet Ramsay Investigation PART IIJonBenet Ramsay Investigation PART II

Complete the Question Set as you watch Complete the Question Set as you watch the video clip.the video clip.

Physical EvidencePhysical Evidence

Just as automobiles require Just as automobiles require gasoline to run, crime labs gasoline to run, crime labs need physical evidence to need physical evidence to “run.”“run.”

Physical evidence Physical evidence encompasses any and all encompasses any and all objects that can establish a objects that can establish a link between a crime and its link between a crime and its victim or a crime and its victim or a crime and its perpetrator.perpetrator.

Must be recognized at the Must be recognized at the crime scene for it effectively crime scene for it effectively aid in an investigation.aid in an investigation.

The BeginningThe BeginningForensic science begins at the crime Forensic science begins at the crime scene.scene.

Investigators must recognize and Investigators must recognize and preserve evidence or the most preserve evidence or the most sophisticated lab instrumentation sophisticated lab instrumentation and technical expertise cannot and technical expertise cannot salvage the investigation.salvage the investigation.

Crime scene investigation Crime scene investigation techniques are not difficult to master. techniques are not difficult to master. Within the bounds of comprehension Within the bounds of comprehension of the average police officer.of the average police officer.

First StepsFirst Steps

First officer to arrive at scene is responsible for First officer to arrive at scene is responsible for securing the crime scene.securing the crime scene.

First priority First priority Obtain medical assistance as Obtain medical assistance as needed and arresting the perpetrator.needed and arresting the perpetrator.

As soon as possible As soon as possible extensive efforts must be extensive efforts must be made to exclude all unauthorized personnel made to exclude all unauthorized personnel from crime scene.from crime scene.

Once scene is secured Once scene is secured preliminary exam preliminary exam must begin.must begin.

Recording crime scene is critical to investigation.Recording crime scene is critical to investigation.

Recording MethodsRecording Methods

Photography, sketches, and notes are the Photography, sketches, and notes are the three methods for crime-scene recording,three methods for crime-scene recording,

Ideally, all three should be employed.Ideally, all three should be employed.

Due to personnel and monetary Due to personnel and monetary restrictions, photography may not be restrictions, photography may not be utilized at every crime site.utilized at every crime site.

PhotographyPhotography

Most important prerequisite is for a crime scene Most important prerequisite is for a crime scene to remain in an unaltered condition.to remain in an unaltered condition.

Objects must not be moved until photographs Objects must not be moved until photographs have been taken from all necessary angles.have been taken from all necessary angles. Injured parties involved are the only exceptionInjured parties involved are the only exception

As items of physical evidence are discovered, As items of physical evidence are discovered, they are photographed to show their position they are photographed to show their position and location relative to the entire scene.and location relative to the entire scene.

PhotographyPhotographyAfter overviews are taken, close-ups should be After overviews are taken, close-ups should be taken to record details of the object itself.taken to record details of the object itself.

When the size of an item is significant, a ruler or When the size of an item is significant, a ruler or other measuring scale may be inserted near the other measuring scale may be inserted near the object and included in the photo as a point of object and included in the photo as a point of reference.reference.

Digital Cameras can scan scene and take dozens Digital Cameras can scan scene and take dozens of photosof photos

Data used to create 3-D modelsData used to create 3-D models Scene in full colorScene in full color Viewed from any vantage pointViewed from any vantage point Measure, analyze, courtroomMeasure, analyze, courtroom

Video RecordingVideo RecordingMore popular due to decreasing costs of More popular due to decreasing costs of technology and equipment.technology and equipment.

Includes the entire crime scene and immediate Includes the entire crime scene and immediate surrounding area.surrounding area.

Guidelines for recording a crime scene.Guidelines for recording a crime scene.

1. Brief introduction by investigator1. Brief introduction by investigator Date, Time, Location, Type of crime, other informationDate, Time, Location, Type of crime, other information

2. Video tape crime scene without audio2. Video tape crime scene without audio

3. Wide angle and close-up views showing 3. Wide angle and close-up views showing locations of all evidencelocations of all evidence

4. Slow camera movements – panning/zooming4. Slow camera movements – panning/zooming

SketchesSketches

Once photographs are taken, the crime-scene Once photographs are taken, the crime-scene investigator will sketch the scene.investigator will sketch the scene.

Rough Sketch – Rough Sketch – A draft representation of all A draft representation of all essential information and measurements at a essential information and measurements at a crime scene. Drawn at the crime scene, it shows crime scene. Drawn at the crime scene, it shows all recovered items of physical evidence as well all recovered items of physical evidence as well as other important features of the crime scene.as other important features of the crime scene.

Finished Sketch – Finished Sketch – A precise rendering of the A precise rendering of the crime scene, usually drawn to scale. This type is crime scene, usually drawn to scale. This type is normally not completed at the crime scene.normally not completed at the crime scene.

SketchesSketches

Unlike a rough sketch, the finished sketch is Unlike a rough sketch, the finished sketch is drawn with care and concern for aesthetic drawn with care and concern for aesthetic appearance.appearance.

NotesNotes

Note taking is a constant activity throughout the Note taking is a constant activity throughout the processing of a crime scene.processing of a crime scene.

Must include a detailed written description of the scene Must include a detailed written description of the scene documenting the locations of all items of physical documenting the locations of all items of physical evidence recovered.evidence recovered.

Time item was discoveredTime item was discovered By whom it was discoveredBy whom it was discovered How and by whom it was packaged and markedHow and by whom it was packaged and marked Disposition of item after it was collectedDisposition of item after it was collected

This record may be the only source of information for This record may be the only source of information for refreshing one’s memory.refreshing one’s memory.

Recording the Crime SceneRecording the Crime Scene

Limited amount of time to work a crime scene in Limited amount of time to work a crime scene in an untouched state.an untouched state.

Opportunity to record the scene in this state Opportunity to record the scene in this state must not be lost.must not be lost.

Records will be useful during investigation.Records will be useful during investigation.

Required for presentation at trial.Required for presentation at trial. Document condition of crime site and location of Document condition of crime site and location of

physical evidence.physical evidence.

Every step of investigation must be documented Every step of investigation must be documented thoroughly with an appropriate method.thoroughly with an appropriate method.

SEARCH PATTERNSSEARCH PATTERNSDepends on the locale and size of the area.Depends on the locale and size of the area.

Actions of suspects and victims at the scene.Actions of suspects and victims at the scene.

Best to have one person supervise the Best to have one person supervise the search and collection of evidence.search and collection of evidence.

Without proper supervision, searches can beWithout proper supervision, searches can be ConfusingConfusing Waste of time and resources (manpower/money)Waste of time and resources (manpower/money) CounterproductiveCounterproductive

Search PatternsSearch Patterns

Search Patterns Page 38Search Patterns Page 38Strip or Line Search - Strip or Line Search - One or two investigatorsOne or two investigators

Boundaries important or evidence can be missedBoundaries important or evidence can be missed

Grid Search - Grid Search - Two investigatorsTwo investigators Very thorough but requires set boundariesVery thorough but requires set boundaries

Spiral Search - Spiral Search - One personOne person Inward or Outward Spiral can easily find footprintsInward or Outward Spiral can easily find footprints Precision required to find all evidencePrecision required to find all evidence

Wheel / Ray / Pie Search - Wheel / Ray / Pie Search - Multiple personsMultiple persons Not preferred – difficult to search all areasNot preferred – difficult to search all areas

Quadrant or Zone Search - Quadrant or Zone Search - Multiple persons in teamsMultiple persons in teams Best for large areasBest for large areas Includes all points of entry and exit by criminalsIncludes all points of entry and exit by criminals

Locating Physical EvidenceLocating Physical EvidenceCircumstances of a crime will dictate the evidence Circumstances of a crime will dictate the evidence to be searched forto be searched for General KnowledgeGeneral Knowledge Experience gained from multiple investigationsExperience gained from multiple investigations

Homicide CaseHomicide Case Focus is on the weaponFocus is on the weapon Cross-transfer of evidence such as hair, fibers, and bloodCross-transfer of evidence such as hair, fibers, and blood

BurglaryBurglaryFocus on tools marks at point of entryFocus on tools marks at point of entry

Vehicle searchesVehicle searches Outside and undercarriage of carOutside and undercarriage of car Blood, tissue, hair, fibers, paint, and broken glassBlood, tissue, hair, fibers, paint, and broken glass

Collecting and PackagingCollecting and PackagingSome evidence can only be found through Some evidence can only be found through careful examination and analysiscareful examination and analysis

Clothing items wrapped separatelyClothing items wrapped separately

Crime scene areas vacuumed and analyzedCrime scene areas vacuumed and analyzed

Sweepings from different areas packaged Sweepings from different areas packaged individuallyindividually

Individual fingernail scrapings also examinedIndividual fingernail scrapings also examined

Collecting Evidence from a BodyCollecting Evidence from a BodySearch continues in the autopsy roomSearch continues in the autopsy room

Tissues and organs retained for Tissues and organs retained for pathological/toxicological analysispathological/toxicological analysis

Items sent to forensic laboratoryItems sent to forensic laboratory Victim’s clothingVictim’s clothing Fingernail scrapingsFingernail scrapings Head and pubic hairsHead and pubic hairs Blood for DNA typingBlood for DNA typing Vaginal, anal, and oral swabs (sex-related crimes)Vaginal, anal, and oral swabs (sex-related crimes) Recovered bulletsRecovered bullets Hand swabs from shooting victims for gunshot residueHand swabs from shooting victims for gunshot residue

Handling EvidenceHandling Evidence

Cannot be moved until properly recorded.Cannot be moved until properly recorded.

Handle and process to prevent any change in Handle and process to prevent any change in evidenceevidence ContaminationContamination BreakageBreakage EvaporationEvaporation Scratching or bendingScratching or bending Improper/careless packagingImproper/careless packaging Sent to lab in its original collected state – blood on a knifeSent to lab in its original collected state – blood on a knife Judgment used to remove evidence from doors, walls, Judgment used to remove evidence from doors, walls,

and floor using forceps/latex glovesand floor using forceps/latex gloves

Packaging EvidencePackaging Evidence

Requires a large assortment of packaging Requires a large assortment of packaging materials and tools.materials and tools. ForcepsForceps Unbreakable plastic pill bottles – hair, glass, fibersUnbreakable plastic pill bottles – hair, glass, fibers Manila envelopes – trace evidenceManila envelopes – trace evidence Screw top vials – trace evidenceScrew top vials – trace evidence Sealable plastic bags – clothingSealable plastic bags – clothing Airtight containers – charred debrisAirtight containers – charred debris Druggist fold – powders and fine powdersDruggist fold – powders and fine powders

Separate different items from different locationsSeparate different items from different locationsPrevents cross-contamination and damage by contactPrevents cross-contamination and damage by contact

Biological Mats and DNA Biological Mats and DNA Use disposable toolsUse disposable tools

Air dry all itemsAir dry all items

Minimize personal contactMinimize personal contact All bodily fluids considered infectiousAll bodily fluids considered infectious Proper protective gear worn at all times – gloves, face Proper protective gear worn at all times – gloves, face

masks, and shoe coversmasks, and shoe covers

Wrapping paper, manila envelopes, paper bagsWrapping paper, manila envelopes, paper bags Sealed containers accumulate moisture and mold growthSealed containers accumulate moisture and mold growth

DNADNAPolymerase Chain Reaction – technique used to Polymerase Chain Reaction – technique used to amplify minute traces of DNA for analysisamplify minute traces of DNA for analysis

All objects involving cross-transferAll objects involving cross-transfer Stamps/envelopesStamps/envelopes Chewing gumChewing gum Cup or canCup or can Sweatband of a hatSweatband of a hat Bed sheets (skin cells)Bed sheets (skin cells)

Contamination can occur through coughing and Contamination can occur through coughing and sneezingsneezing

All clothing from victim/suspect sent to labAll clothing from victim/suspect sent to lab

Documents

Question of the DAY Jan 22 The crime lab “runs” on physical evidence. Evidence must be collected from a crime scene should follow which guideline. A. Collect