Question Bank Engineering Physics I PH6151

Question Bank Engineering Physics I PH6151

Department of Physics Page 1

UNIT - I – CRYSTAL PHYSICS

PART – A

1. What is crystallography?

2. Distinguish crystalline and non-crystalline materials.

3. Define lattice?

4. What is space lattice?

5. What is basis?

6. Define crystal structure?

7. Define the terms two dimensional lattice, lattice plane, lattice points.

8. What is unit cell?

9. What is primitive and non- primitive cell?

10. What are lattice parameters?

11. Define the terms interfacial axes and interfacial angles.

12. Name the seven crystal systems.

13. What are Bravais lattices?

14. Define the term coordination number. Give its importance.

15. Define the term nearest neighboring distance.

16. Define atomic radius.

17. What is atomic packing factor?

18. What are Miller indices?

19. Give the procedure to find Miller indices.

20. What are the important features of Miller indices?

21. Sketch the 100, 001, 101 and 111 planes of simple cubic structure.

22. Draw separately the principal (100), (110) and (111) in a simple cubic crystal.

23. Deduce a relation between an interlinear distance ’d’ and the Miller indices of the planes for

cubic crystal.

24. Obtain an expression for interplanar spacing between two adjacent planes of Miller indices

for (hkl)) in a cubic crystal

25. Show that the interplanar spacing between (hkl) planes in a cubic lattice is given

by dhkl = a

26. The edge of the unit cell of cubic lattice is ‘a’. The radius of the atoms that occupy the lattice

site is ‘r’. Compute: (i) Number of atoms per unit cell, (ii) atomic radius, (iii) the packing

fraction for SC,BCC,and FCC crystal structure.

27. Which type of the cubic crystal structure has closest packing of atoms? How many nearest

neighbours does an atom in this type of crystal have? Drive the relation between the atomic

radius and the unit cell dimension of the crystal.

28. Show that the FCC structure possesses maximum packing density and minimum percentage

of void space among the three crystal structures SC, BCC and FCC.

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29. Show that FCC structure possesses least percentage of void space among SC, BCC and FCC

cubic structures.

30. Explain how to find number of atoms per unit cell for simple cubic, BCC and FCC

Structure in a crystal. Also find the relationship between atomic radius and inter atomic

distance in each of these cases.

31. Show that the SC structure possesses minimum packing density and maximum percentage of

void space among the three crystal structures.

32. Verify that simple cubic structure possesses maximum void space amongst all cubic

structures.

33. Tabulate the characteristics of SC, BCC and FCC unit cells.

34. Show that FCC structure possesses least percentage void among SC, BCC and FCC cubic

structure.

35. For SC,BCC and FCC crystal structures, calculate

(a) No. of atoms per unit cell,

(b) Atomic radius,

(c) The packing fraction

36. What is closely packed hexagonal structure?

37. Prove the atomic packing factor of FCC and HCP are equal.

38. Define diamond structure.

39. Define NaCl structure.

40. Define ZnS structure.

41. What are the techniques adopted foe growing crystals?

42. What is meant by solution growth?

43. List out various types of melt growth.

44. What is the principle used in Bridgmann technique for crystal growth?

45. What is the principle used in Czochralski method?

46. How crystals are grown by vapour phase?

47. What are the advantage and disadvantage of Bridgmann technique?

48. What are the basic conditions of crystallization?

49. What are the advantage and disadvantage of Czochralski method?

50. What are the various thin film deposition techniques?

51. What are the different techniques for epitaxial growth?

PART – B

1. Explain the various types of crystal systems with a neat sketch and example.

2. Explain the special features of three types of lattices in cubic crystals.

3. Define the terms “Coordination number”, and “atomic radius”. Calculate the above for SC,

BCC and FCC structures.

4. Define Atomic packing Factor and No. of. Atoms per unit cell. Calculate the above for SC,

BCC and FCC structures.

5. Draw the unit cell of FCC crystal and obtain its coordination number and packing factor.





6. Describe the structure of HCP crystal. Give details about its atomic radius, atomic packing

factor and axial ratio.

7. Define Atomic Packing Factor. Deduce the c/a ratio and packing factor for HCP structure.

8. Show that atomic packing factor for FCC and HCP are equal.

9. Discuss the atomic arrangement in the unit cells of FCC and HCP structures.

10. Show that for a simple cubic lattice d 100:d 110:d 111 = √6 : √3 : √2

11. Describe the 14 types of Bravais lattice three dimensions with suitable diagrams.

12. What are Miller indices? Write the procedure to find Miller indices.

13. Explain the Miller indices of planes and directions with suitable examples.

14. Deduce the relation between inter planar distance ‘d’ and lattice constant ‘a’.

15. Derive an expression for inter planar spacing of (hkl) planes of a cubic structure.

16. Derive an expression for d – spacing of a cubic crystal in terms of lattice constant and miller

indices.

17. Show that for a cubic structure the inter planar distance “d” in terms of miller indices and the

cell edge “a” is given by d = a / (h2+k

2+l

2)1/2

18. Explain the structure of diamond crystal and prove that it is loosely packed structure.

19. Describe NaCl, Zn S and graphite structures.

20. Discuss in detail the structures of diamond and graphite.

21. Explain the Bridgmann and Czochralski techniques for growing crystals.

22. Describe the various crystal growth techniques.

UNIT - II – PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND HERMAL PHYSICS

PART – A

1. What are the basic entities responsible for thermal conduction of a solid/

2. Define coefficient of thermal conductivity.

3. Distinguish between heat conduction and electrical conduction.

4. Distinguish between conduction and convection.

5. Define radiation and give example.

6. What is meant by temperature gradient?

7. Define thermal diffusivity.

8. Define Newton’s law of cooling.

9. Define the unit for thermal conductivity.

10. Give the methods of determining the thermal conductivity of good and bad conductors.

11. What is the principle employed in Searle’s method?

12. What is the basic principle employed in Lee’s disc method for bad conductors?

13. Why the specimen used to determine thermal conductivity of a bad conductor should have a

large area and smaller thickness?

14. What is meant by thermal resistance?

15. What is radial flow of heat?

16. Define elasticity.

17. Define stress and strain.





18. List out the types of strain.

19. Define tensile strain.

20. Define shearing strain

21. Define hearing stress or tangential stress

22. Define volumetric strain.

23. Define Hooke’s law.

24. Define Young’s modulus.

25. Define bulk modulus.

26. Define rigidity modulus.

27. Define Poisson’s ratio.

28. Give the relation between the three modulii.

29. Define elastic limit and plastic limit.

30. Define elastic fatigue.

31. Define yield point.

32. What are the factors affecting elasticity.

33. What is meant by annealing?

34. What is the relation between bulk modulus and compressibility?

35. What is cantilever?

36. What are I-shape girders?

37. What are the applications of I-shape girders?

38. What are the advantages of I-shape girders?

39. What is moment of a force?

40. Define torque.

41. Define beam.

42. Define neutral axis.

43. What are the affects of hammering and annealing on elasticity of a material?

44. What is bending moment of beam?

45. What do you infer from stress-strain diagram?

46. How do temperature and impurity in a material affect the elasticity of the materials?

47. Define specific heat capacity.

PART – B

1. Describe with necessary theory, the method to determine the Young’s modulus of the

material of a rectangular bar by uniform bending.

2. What is cantilever? Obtain expression for the depression at the loaded end of cantilever

whose other end is fixed assuming that its own weight is not effective in bending.

3. Derive an expression for the internal bending moment of a beam in terms of radius of

curvature?

4. Derive an expression for depression at the free end of a cantilever, due to load. Describe an

experiment to determine the Young’s modulus of the cantilever material using this

expression.

5. Write a short note on stress strain diagram.

6. How will you classify three types of elastic modulii? Explain.





7. Describe an experiment to determine the Young’s modulus of a beam using bending of

beams?

8. Derive a differential equation to describe the heat conduction along a uniform bar. Hence

obtain the steady solution of it.

9. Explain the Searle’s method of determining the thermal conductivity of good conductors.

10. Obtain an expression for the quantity of heat conducted radially out of a hollow cylinder.

Using this, explain how the thermal conductivity of rubber can be determined.

11. Derive the equation for heat conduction along a bar and solve it for steady state condition.

12. Discuss with necessary theory the method of determining the thermal conductivity in the

form of the tube.

13. Derive an expression for thermal conductivity of the material of a thick pipe through which a

hot liquid is flowing.

14. Derive the equation for one-dimensional flow of heat and solve it under steady state

condition.

15. Derive an expression for the quantity of heat flow through a metal slab whose faces are kept

at two different temperatures. Use this expression to determine the thermal conductivity of a

bad conductor by lee’s disc method.

16. Derive an expression for the radial flow of heat through a cylindrical tube.

17. Describe lee’s disc method to find the co-efficient of thermal conductivity of a bad

conductor.

18. What is meant by radial flow method? Describe any one of the method to find the thermal

conductivity of a bad conductor.

19. How will you determine the thermal conductivity of a poor conductor experimentally?

20. Explain the experimental method used to determine the thermal conductivity of a bad

conductor based on the principle of radial flow of heat.

UNIT – III - QUANTUM PHYSICS

PART - A

1. Define the terms “black body” and “black body radiation”.

2. State Kirchoff’s law of radiation

3. State Stefan – Boltzmann’s law.

4. Define Wien’s displacement law. Give its limitation.

5. Define Rayleigh – Jeans law. Give its limitation.

6. What is De – Broglie wave? Give its properties.

7. State the hypothesis of Planck theory.

8. What is de Broglie hypothesis?

9. Describe an experiment which proves the validity of de-Broglie hypothesis regarding wave

nature of matter.

10. What do you understand by a wave packet? How does this concept lead to Heisenberg’s

uncertainty principle?

11. State Heisenberg uncertainty principle.





12. Arrive at Heisenberg‘s uncertainty principle with the help of a through experiment.

13. State uncertainty principle. Write its mathematical form for the following pairs of variables:

(a) Position and momentum

(b) Energy and time

14. What is Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle? Explain the significance of this principle.

15. Explain Heisenberg uncertainty principle and give its applications.

16. What is the physical significance of wave function ? Explain in brief the mathematical

conditions imposed on

17. Explain, why: (i) the wave function must be single and continuous function of position. (ii)

The integral of [φ2] overall space must be equal to unity.

18. Arrive at Wien’s displacement law from plank’s law.

19. Arrive at Rayleigh – Jeans law from plank’s law.

20. What is meant by photon? Give any two properties.

21. Define the terms “Compton Effect” and “Compton shift”.

22. What is Compton wavelength? Give its value.

23. Explain the variation of Compton shift with respect to the scattering angle.

24. What is wave function? Give the significance of wave function.

25. Write down the Schrödinger wave equation and give any two applications of it.

26. Write down the one dimensional Schrödinger time dependent equation and write the same for

a free particle.

27. Define normalization process and write down the normalized wave function for an electron

in a one dimensional potential well of length “a” meters.

28. Define Eigen value and Eigen function.

29. What is degeneracy and non degeneracy?

30. What is the principle of electron microscope?

31. Mention the applications of electron microscope.

32. List out the advantages and disadvantages of SEM.

33. What is the principle SEM?

34. Mention the applications of SEM.

35. What is the principle TEM?

36. What is the principle STEM?

37. List out the advantages of TEM?

38. What are disadvantages of STM?

39. What are the merits and demerits of STEM?

40. Distinguish between optical and electron microscope.





PART – B

1. Briefly explain the development and applications of quantum theory.

2. State Planck’s Hypothesis. Derive Planck’s law for black body radiation and hence deduce

Wien’s Displacement law and Rayleigh – Jean’s law.

3. Explain De- Broglie wave concept and hence derive an expression for the same.

4. Define matter waves. Derive the different forms of de – Broglie wave equations.

5. What is Compton Effect? Derive the equation for Compton shift.

6. Explain the experimental verification of Compton Effect with the diagram.

7. What is Schrodinger’s wave equation? Derive an expression for Time-dependent wave

equation.

8. Derive Schrödinger’s time dependent wave equation and hence deduce time independent

Schrödinger wave equation.

9. Derive an expression for Time-independent Schrodinger wave equation and give the

significance of the wave function?

10. Derive the expression for energy levels of a particle enclosed in one-dimensional potential

box of width “a” and infinite height.

11. Write the different forms of Schrödinger’s equations? Apply Schrödinger equation to a

particle in one dimensional box and calculate the Eigen value and Eigen function.

12. Normalize the wave function by using Schrödinger’s time independent wave equation for an

electron which is trapped in a one dimensional potential well.

13. Based on quantum concept show that the energy levels of an electron are discrete.

14. Summarize the differences between the electron microscope and optical microscope?

15. Explain the principle, construction and working of Electron Microscope with neat sketch.

16. Discuss in detail the advantages and applications of Electron Microscope.

17. Describe the principle, construction and working of Scanning Electron Microscope with neat

sketch.

18. Explain the principle, construction and working of Transmission Electron Microscope with

neat sketch.

19. Discuss in detail the differences of SEM and TEM.

20. Discuss in detail the advantages, disadvantages and applications of SEM and TEM.

21. Explain how the matter waves are experimentally evidenced using G.P Thomson’s

experiment.

22. Describe the principle, construction and working of STEM with neat sketch. Also in what

way the STEM and TEM differs?





UNIT – IV- ACOUSTICS AND ULTRASONICS

PART - A

1. What are the factors affecting the acoustic quality of a building?

2. Define reverberation time of an auditorium.

3. Define absorption co-efficient of the material.

4. Write not on noise pollution.

5. Define intensity level and its unit.

6. Mention any four sound absorbing materials.

7. How are sound waves classified?

8. What is loudness? Give the relation between loudness and intensity of sound.

9. State Weber – Fechner law.

10. What is meant by quality of sound?

11. State Sabine’s law.

12. What is meant by optimum reverberation time? Give its value for concert hall and theatres.

13. What are the units of loudness? Define them.

14. What is meant by echelon effect?

15. What is meant by resonance effect in acoustics?

16. What is meant by structure borne noise?

17. State the conditions of good acoustics for an auditorium.

18. If the reverberation time is lower than the critical value, how will it affect the acoustical

quality of a building?

19. We hear sound from a vibrating blade. If that sound is to be made louder, what should be

done?

20. Give the relation between the loudness and intensity.

21. What is focusing?

22. What are the characteristic of musical sound?

23. What are echoes? How it is avoided?

24. How will you ensure adequate loudness in the hall?

25. How can we control reverberation time?

26. Give the importance of Sabine’s law for a good auditorium.

27. How are sound waves classified?

28. Are the ultrasonic wave’s electromagnetic waves? Give proper reasons to your answer.

29. Name methods by which ultrasonic waves are produced.

30. Why not ultrasonic be produced by producing high frequency alternating current through a

loud speaker?

31. What is meant by magnetostriction effect?

32. Mention the properties of ultrasonic.

33. What is the main difference in the quality of ultrasonic waves produced by piezo electric and

magnetostriction method?

34. State any two demerits of the piezoelectric oscillator

35. Mention some of the engineering / industrial applications of ultrasonic.

36. Name different scanning methods used in ultrasonic.





37. What is meant by ultrasonic?

38. What is meant by piezo-electric effect?

39. What is meant by inverse piezo-electric effect?

40. What are methods used for the detection of ultrasonic?

41. Explain piezo-electric method to detect ultrasonic.

42. What is the principle involved in the thermal method to detect ultrasonic?

43. How the ultrasonic waves are detected by sensitive flame method?

44. How the ultrasonic waves are detected by Kundt’s tube method?

45. What is meant by cavitations? What is its use?

46. What is the principle used for finding the velocity of ultrasonic using acoustical grating.

47. What is acoustic grating?

48. What is meant by SONAR? Give its principle.

49. What are the applications of SONAR?

50. What is meant by NDT?

51. Give the importance of NDT method.

52. Compare destructive and non-destructive testing

53. Give any four techniques of testing a material by NDT?

54. What is the principle of ultrasonic flaw detector?

55. What is pulse echo technique?

56. What is the basic principle in ultrasonic imaging devices?

57. What is the principle of echocardiogram?

58. What are the differences between x-ray scanning and ultrasonic scanning?

59. Differentiate heart sounds and murmurs.

60. Mention the physiological effects of ultrasound.

61. What is sonogram?

62. Explain the different scan modes used for obtaining a sonogram.

63. What is A-Scan?

64. What is B-Scan?

65. What is C-Scan?

66. What is T-M Scan?

PART – B

1. Derive an expression for the reverberation period of an auditorium and explain how this can

be used for determining the absorbing power of surface involved.

2. Write in detail about the factors affecting architectural acoustics and their remedies.

3. Discuss the salient points associated with acoustics of auditorium.

4. What is reverberation time? Using Sabine’s formula explains how the sound absorption

coefficient of a material is determined.

5. Derive the expression for growth and decay of sound energy.

6. i) Define reverberation time and absorption coefficient.

ii) Derive Sabine’s formula for the reverberation time of a Hall.





7. Derive expressions for growth and decay of energy density inside a hall and hence deduce

Sabine’s formula for the reverberation time of a hall.

8. Write short notes on

i) Loudness ii) Pitch iii) Quality of sound

9. Write an essay on acoustics of buildings with necessary theory.

10. Discuss the factors affecting the acoustics of buildings and explain the factors to be followed

to overcome it.

11. What is ultrasonics? Give its properties and applications.

12. Describe the production of ultrasonic waves by Magnetostriction oscillator method. Give the

merits and demerits of this method.

13. Describe the production of ultrasonic waves by piezo electric oscillator method. Give the

merits and demerits of this method.

14. Explain the various techniques adopted in detecting the ultrasonic waves.

15. Explain the determination of velocity of ultrasonic using an acoustical grating.

16. Describe the applications of ultrasonic in medical and engineering field.

17. a) Explain ultrasonic welding &cutting.

b) Explain cavitation in detail

18. a) What are its advantages? b) Explain in detail the ultrasonic cleaning.

19. What is meant by SONAR? Explain in detail how SONAR is employed to locate the objects.

What are the applications of SONAR?

20. Draw a block diagram of ultrasonic flaw detector for NDT. Mention its advantages and

disadvantages.

21. Describe the principle, construction and working of ultrasonic pulse echo NDT.

22. a) With necessary diagram explain echocardiography.

b) Give the diagnostic usage of echocardiogram.

23. a) What is PCG? Explain in detail the PCG technique.

b) Give the diagnostic usage of PCG.

24. Explain the ultrasonic imaging system with a neat block diagram.

25. a) Explain the different types of heart sound in detail.

b) Briefly explain the characteristics of heart murmur.

26. Explain the three different scan displays used for data presentation.

27. Describe the methods to generate ultrasonics?

28. What is NDT? Explain the types, advantages and disadvantages.

29. Give the applications of ultrasonics in engineering.

30. Give the applications of ultrasonics in medicine.





UNIT – V – PHOTONICS AND FIBER OPTICS

PART – A

1. What is meant by LASER? Give its special characteristics.

2. Why Laser beam is highly intense?

3. Laser beam is coherent. Why?

4. State the main components of Laser.

5. Compare the laser light with ordinary light.

6. Define the term normal population.

7. What is induced absorption?

8. What is population inversion? What is the need for population inversion for

producing lasers?

9. What is spontaneous emission?

10. What is stimulated emission?

11. Distinguish between spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation.

12. What are Einstein’s coefficients? Give its importance.

13. State the threshold condition for laser action.

14. What is meant by light amplification or laser action?

15. Define optical pumping.

16. State the various methods to achieve population inversion.

17. What is optical pumping or photon excitation?

18. What is meant by electron excitation?

19. What is inelastic atom-atom collision?

20. Define the term direct conversion.

21. What is chemical pumping?

22. What is meant by cavity or optical resonator?

23. What is meant by an active medium? Give examples.

24. What is active centre? Give examples.

25. Define the term life time of an atom.

26. What is meant by meta-stable state?

27. Name the types of laser with example.

28. Explain the pumping processes in He-Ne & Nd: YAG Lasers.

29. Define the three vibrational modes CO2 of molecule.

30. Write the applications of Nd: YAG & CO2 lasers.

31. Write the advantages of He-Ne laser.

32. What is the function of Helium in He-Ne and CO2 Lasers?

33. Mention the applications of He-Ne laser.

34. Give the basic principle of semi-conductor Laser.

35. What type of semiconductor is used for Lasers? Why?

36. Distinguish between homo junction and hetero junction laser.





37. What is meant by Material processing?

38. Name the various engineering applications of laser.

39. Name any eight applications of laser in medical filed.

40. What are the advantages of laser cutting over conventional cutting?

41. What is meant by laser welding?

42. Explain lasers in heat treatment.

43. What is meant by optical- fiber communication?

47. State the advantages of optical- fiber communication system.

48. State the disadvantages of optical- fiber communications system.

49. Give the construction of an optical- fiber.

50. Mention the applications of fibers

51. How an optical mode is transmitted through a fiber?

52. Explain the basic principle of fiber optic communication?

53. What are the conditions to be satisfied for total internal reflection?

54. How will you classify optical fibers?

55. Give an example for glass and plastic fibers?

56. What is step-index fiber?

57. What is graded - index fiber?

58. Distinguish between step-index and graded-index fibers?

59. Distinguish between single mode and multimode fiber?

60. What is mean by splicing? Give its types?

61. Define acceptance angle and numerical aperture.

62. What is mean by fractional index change? What is the relation between fractional index

change and numerical aperture?

63. What are the types of sensors?

64. Define an optical sensor

65. Mention any four advantages of fiber optic sensors?

66. What are the losses that occur during fiber optic communication?

67. What is meant by attenuation?

68. Discuss the following losses in optical fibers:

(a) Scattering loss (b) Bending loss (c) Absorption loss

69. What is meant by dispersion in optical fiber and how does it occur?

70. Describe the various mechanisms of dispersion in optical fibers.

71. Why does a signal get distorted as it propagates along a fiber?

72. Mention ant two fiber optic sources?

73. What is mean by LED? Give its principle.

74. How an LED can be converted into Laser diode?

75. Mention any four advantages of LED in electronic display?

76. What is mean by photo detector?

77. What is the principle used in PIN photo diode and in APD?





78. How fibers are used in sensors?

79. Give any four examples for intrinsic sensors?

80. Give any four examples for extrinsic sensors?

81. Give the applications of optical fibers in industries?

82. Give the applications of optical fibers in medical field?

83. What is meant by endoscope?

84. List the main components of optical communication system. Describe the basic optical

communication system.

85. Explain optical communication through block diagram.

PART - B

1. What is laser? Explain the laser action with the neat sketch.

2. Explain with neat diagram the process of absorption of light, spontaneous emission and

stimulated emission of light. What are the necessary conditions for their occurrence? Why

does spontaneous emission dominate over stimulated emission at normal temperatures?

3. Distinguish between spontaneous emission and stimulated emission.

4. Explain with neat diagram absorption, spontaneous emission and stimulated emission.

5. Explain the principle spontaneous and stimulated emission and derive the equation for

Einstein’s coefficients.

6. Explain in brief the characteristics of laser beam.

7. Define Pumping? Explain the various methods of pumping.

8. Explain the working of solid state laser.

9. Describe the principle, construction and working of Nd: YAG Laser.

10. Explain the principle, construction and working of He-Ne Laser.

11. Explain the principle, construction and the working of CO2 Laser.

12. Explain the principle, construction and working of Semi-Conducting homo-junction laser

13. Explain the principle, construction and working of hetero-junction lasers.

14. Discuss the applications of Laser in a) Industry b) Medical c) Communication

15. Write notes on a) laser welding b) laser heat treatment c) laser cutting.

16. Explain the application of LASER in industries.

17. Explain the application of LASER in medicine.

18. Explain the application of LASER in communication

19. Discuss in detail the basic principle and advantages of optical fibers.

20. Give the theory of propagation’ of light through a fiber.

21. Explain, in detail, the different types optical fibers and compare their performance.

22. What is meant by acceptance angle for an optical fiber? Show how it is related to numerical

aperture.

23. Derive expressions for the acceptance angle and numerical aperture.

24. Describe the crucible – crucible technique for manufacturing an optical fiber.





25. Define the relative refractive index difference of an optical fiber. Show how it is related to

numerical aperture.

26. Explain how optical fibers are classified. Discuss their characteristics features.

27. a) Distinguish between step index and graded index fiber

b) Distinguish between single mode and multimode optical fiber

28. Describe the losses that occur in fiber optic communication and give the remedies for it.

29. Different types of light sources in fiber optic communication system.

30. Explain with neat sketch different types of detector used for optics.

31. Discuss the working of fiber optical communication system with a block diagram.

32. What are the applications of fiber optic sensor? Describe any one of the application in detail

33. Describe in detail any one of the intrinsic and extrinsic sensors.

34. Describe a method of sensing the temperature and magnetic field using fiber optic sensors.

35. Discuss the application of optical fibers as optical wave - guides.

36. Explain the application of optical fibers as sensors, with examples

37. Describe the construction and working of medical endoscope

38. List out the advantages and disadvantages of fiber optic communication system.



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Question Bank Engineering Physics I PH6151