Question and Answers for Introduction to Textiles

7/27/2019 Question and Answers for Introduction to Textiles

1/7

Question and Answers for Introduction to Textiles

QuestionWhat is a yarn, loom warp, weft and selvedge?

Answer

This answer is posted on behalf of Rachael Brown

A yarn is simply the fibre that you use to create something. Cotton thread,knitting wool and anything you would find on a reel is a yarn. A raw woolfleece from a sheep will be spun into a yarn before being dyed and used forweaving or knitting. Yarn is just the name given to any type of fibre.

A loom warp is what is put onto a loom ready for weaving . Made from yarn itmight be fine yarn such as silk or Rayon or thicker yarn such as wool. Thewarp runs vertically up and down a loom. A warp will be made a certain lengthdepending on what is to be made. The warp might consist of different types ofyarn and different colours laid next to each other depending on therequirements of a client.

Theweft consists of threads being put across the warp. This is usually doneby using a shuttle full of yarn which is sent back and forth across the warp tocreate the fabric. Again any yarn can be used depending on the requiredthickness of the fabric.

To summarise - the warp runs from top to bottom and the weft runs across.

The selvedge is the finished edges of a fabric. When creating a fabric byputting weft threads across the warp, the shuttle wraps the thread round theedge of the warp before going back the other way creating a finished edge -the selvedge. If you look on a roll of fabric you will see that the edges arefinished - this is the selvedge.

Questionwhat is the difference between woven and knitted

Answer

This answer is posted on behalf of Rachael Brown.

Woven fabrics are created by having a loom threaded with a warp. Thesewarp threads run from top to bottom, and a piece of weaving is created bypushing a device called a shuttle, which is filled with yarn, backwards andforwards across the warp. The yarn that the shuttle pulls across the warp iscalled the weft. There are different types of loom available depending on whatis being made.


2/7

Knitted fabrics are made from interlocking loops using one or more yarns.There are warp or weft knitted fabrics: weft knits are very common and areproduced in industry on circular knitting machines which is cost effective; warpknits consist of many yarns being used and can be produced in a wide varietyof fabrics.

Questionwhat are microfibres and how are they formed?

Answer


Microfibres are extremely thin lengths of fibre, which can usually only be seenin their raw state under a microscope. A microfibre can be described as beinga very fine yarn, being of 1 decitex or less, which is just the term of

measurement used to describe such fine yarns. A comparison for this wouldbe to think of the fineness of the yarn as 60 times finer than human hair!

Microfibres are formed from a synthetic process using oil and are commonlyused blended with other yarns such as polyester or they may be used as atiny part of a more luxurious fabric to give a small amount of shine andsoftness.

Questionwhat is a staple fibre, scotchguard finish, elasomeric fibre, grain of fabric,

pilling plz

Answer

Yarns can be made from staple fibres which are short and twisted together toform a yarn. All natural fibres are staple except for silk.

A finish can be applied to fabrics to make them stain repellent. The aim is toprevent grease and dirt clinging to the fibres. Scotchgard is and example of acommercial finish that can be applied as the fabric is being manufactured or itcan be sprayed on afterwards.

Elastomeric fibre is a synthetic fibre, which has some of the properties ofrubber especially its elasticity.

All woven fabrics have a grain or direction in which the yarns run. The grainruns parallel or at right angles to the selvedge. Woven fabrics stretch verylittle when pulled along the grain. They stretch more when pulled diagonallyacross the grain.

Acrylics have a slight tendency to pill when the fabric is rubbed, small ballsof loose fibre collect and cling to the surface.


3/7

Questioni've recieved my pre-release material for one of my papers and it is to do withfire resistant materials. i can't find any materials that are fire resistant in mybooks. can you discribe what they are and tell me some types. thank you

Answer

Fabrics are made from fibres are not created in a fire resistant form. Fabricsare treated with special chemicals that make them resistant to flame and fire.Treatments are put onto any fabrics that may come into contact with fire andthe majority of fabrics created today have to comply with fire safetyregulations in order to be allowed to be made into garments or furnishings. Allsofa covers for example must comply and have a treatment on them thatshould be able to resist flame for longer. I would suggest that you look underfabric finishes and treatments in your books to find out more specificinformation.

Questioni cnt answer this question help....what are the new technological advances insynthetic fibres including there usues and chararcteristics/ properties?

Answer

This answer is posted on behalf of JTHP

Techno textiles are a range of modern materials which are designed to have

special characteristics. They may be waterproof, showerproof, breathable,stretchable or have great strength.

They were originally intended for use in sports or activity clothing but are nowalso being used by some designers in fashion clothing. Examples of thesetextiles are:

Lycra

Tactel

Kevlar

Neoprene

QuestionWhat exactly is CAD and CAM and how do they work in the textile industry??

Answer

CAD Computer Aided Design and CAM Computer Aided Manufacture areused in conjunction with one another. CAD is concerned with the developmentof design. The advantage of having a design on the computer system is that itcan be easily adapted to meet the changing needs of the market. It simplifieschanging colour and size and is capable of designing complex patterns on

any material in a very short time.


4/7

CAM describes the process of manufacturing using the computer. This doesnot mean that all the stages of manufacture are computer controlled. It ismore often a combination of CAM and hand operations. For example thecutting and making of a particular part of a garment may be done using CAMbut the finishing touches are completed by hand.

The use of CAD and CAM systems has meant an increase in the efficiency ofthe design and manufacturing process by reducing the time spent onparticular processes which has meant a reduction in overall costs.

Questionwhat is the best material ect to use for and outdorr piece of clothing? help

Answer

This answer is posted on behalf of JTHP

The first thing you need to do is look in catalogues, magazines and in shopsand find out what the type of garment you have in mind is made from.

Items of clothing usually have labels, which give information about the fabric itis made from. Collect pictures and make sketches noting down the materialsused. This will start to give you an idea of the range of materials you couldconsider using.

The sort of properties you might want your garment to have are to be warm,

lightweight and waterproof.

You have not indicated what sort of outdoor wear you are researching.

If it is a warm fashion garment thenwool and wool mixture fabrics aresuitable. There will be a large range of suitable woven materials for you tochoose from in any large department store.

If you looking at outdoor wear for activities such as sports then brand namessuch as Tactel (polyamide yarn which has good thermal insulation propertiesand is exceptionally soft and lightweight), Goretex (Goretex membrane is

sandwiched between two layers of nylon, it is waterproof, windproof andbreathable) and Permatex (a lightweight, polyurethane material which isweatherproof and breathable) would be suitable. Information about these willbe available on the Internet.

Questioni really need some help with my textiles course work. Please could you giveme some information about the standard sizes for duvets and pillow cases? Ifthis information is unatainable, please could you give me any informationabout where i could find out about this.

Answer


5/7

Size chart

Standard Duvets and Bed Covers

Cot Bed 120 x 140cm

Single 140 x 200cmDouble 200 x 200cmKing size 225 x 220cm

Standard Pillows and Pillow cases

Cot Bed 36 x 58cmStandard 50 x 75cmSquare 65 x 65cmSuperking 50 x 90cm

Questioni have a gcse exam tomorrow on roller printing on fabric. can you please tellme how this is done?

Answer


This is simply where a design is etched onto rollers, and then using machineryis basically painted with ink and rolled along fabric to apply the design. Most

rollers will have the ink already flowing into them from a chamber attached sothat it does not run out half way through the printing process.

Once one colour is applied and dried another roller will be used with a newpattern on until the final design is achieved.

QuestionWhat is the importance of lay planning and wastage in industry. How do theydo lay planing in industry

Answer

This answer is posted on behalf of Rachael Brown

Lay planning is simply the industrial term used for laying out a pattern ontofabric and finding the best fit for it, to avoid wastage.

A pattern will have been designed usually on computer to fit in with the fabricfor a product. The manufacturer will have already been given instructions forthe pattern so that the production line can progress efficiently and withoutdelay.

It is important that minimal fabric is wasted, as this will cost money, which willthen be passed on to the consumer in the price of the product. It also means


6/7

that the manufacturer will be behind schedule and fail to meet deadlines,which will cost them money.

Questionwhat are the advantages and disadvantages of silk?

Answer


Silk has traditionally been known as a luxury fabric only available to those withplenty of money to spare.

However today you can find silk items in most high street stores at affordableprices. It is a very versatile fabric and is much stronger than you may think.

Almost any item can be made from it from simple scarves, shirts to duvetcovers and cushions. Advantages are that it will dye easily to give excellentcolours from the very pale set through to vibrant reds and yellows. It can beprinted on, tie dyed and knitted. It is also cool to wear and feels soft to thetouch.

Disadvantages are that it has to be washed very carefully on a silk wash cycleor by hand and can easily be snagged and ruin a pattern. It is also transparentso if used for clothing needs to have a lining or be double thickness. It canalso be difficult and flimsy to sew onto and can be hard to sew using a

machine.

QuestionPLease could you tell me what tie dye printing is and how it is done?

Answer


You have a mixture of two different techniques here: printing and tie dye. Thetie dye method is an ancient way of adding pattern to fabric, which started in

Indonesia. It is very simple, but very effective.

All you need to do is take a piece of fabric (cotton is best as it absorbs moremoisture) and tie it with string or elastic bands in random places, then place itinto a bowl of dye. Leave it for a couple of hours, then wash off any excessdye and remove the string. Youl will be left with a pattern where the dye hasnot reached the fabric because of the string.

You can arrange the string to create a pattern that looks like it has beenprinted on the fabric. You can also create patterns by using wax to draw thepatterns on first, then dye the fabric if you wanted something more precise.


7/7

QuestionWhat I don't understand is that how are methods used to cut out fabric inindustrial manufacture different to those used in the classroom?

Answer

In the classroom you will use fabric scissors and pinking shears to cut throughone layer of fabric at a time. This is because you will rarely need to makemore than one of the same piece of work at the same time. However within anindustrial setting a manufacturer has to make hundreds of the same item atone time. If they were to cut out each piece individually this would take up fartoo much time and be extremely costly to the manufacturer who would losemoney and miss deadlines losing out on contracts. Retailers do not have thetime to wait for individual items to be made as they need to quickly have newstock in their shops to meet consumer demand.

This in turn affects the manufacturer who has to work quickly to meet therequirements set by a customer.

Therefore a manufacturer will use laser based cutting knives to cut throughmultiple layers of fabric so that the garment can be put together quicker whichsaves time and money. They would only use domestic scissors to cut offloose threads or for very small areas of work.

QuestionWHAT SOCIAL AND ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES DO DESIGNERSHAVE TO CONSIDER WHEN THEY DESIGN A GARMENT

Answer


This is a very topical subject and one that all designes now need to considerwhen designing.

A designer would need to consider what fabrics and fastenings to use thatwould be environmentally friendly. They would need to look at whether the

fabrics are bio degradable and can break down without damaging theenvironment when disposed of.

They will need to consider the actual fibres used to make the fabric andwhether these would harm or pollute the environment in any way. All thesethings will be considered as any pollution from making the garment wouldhave a detrimental effect on our own environment such as the air and effectson the ozone layer.

Documents

Question and Answers for Introduction to Textiles