• ANSWER: This is the science that studies the origin, evolution, form, and spatial distribution of landforms • QUESTION: What is geomorphology?

Question 1

1

• ANSWER: This is the science that studies the origin, evolution, form, and spatial distribution of landforms • QUESTION: What is geomorphology?

Question 2

2

• ANSWER: This model describes the balancing act between tectonic uplift and rates of reduction by weathering and erosion in a given landscape • QUESTION: What is the dynamic

equilibrium model?

Question 3

3

• ANSWER: For material to move down slope, it must overcome these forces • QUESTION: What are friction, inertia,

and cohesion?

Question 4

4

• ANSWER: The process of weathering includes these events• QUESTION: What is the disintegration

and dissolving of surface and subsurface rock?

Question 5

5

• ANSWER: Conditions of high heat and rainfall result in a high rate of this• QUESTION: What is chemical

weathering?

Question 6

6

• ANSWER: Conditions of high heat and rainfall result in a high rate of this• QUESTION: What is chemical

weathering?

Question 7

7

• ANSWER: These allow water to move through the ground and enhance weathering• QUESTION: What are joints?

Question 8

8

• ANSWER: This is the most important chemical involved in weathering• QUESTION: What is water?

Question 9

9

• ANSWER: The climate, the type of rock, and the amount of vegetation• QUESTION: What influences the rate

of weathering?

Question 10

10

• ANSWER: These processes create the dramatic granite domes of the Sierra Nevada• QUESTION: What are pressure

release jointing, exfoliation, and sheeting?

Question 11

11

• ANSWER: This process breaks up and disintegrates rock• QUESTION: What is physical

weathering?

Question 12

12

• ANSWER: Water• QUESTION: What is the most

important chemical involved in weathering?

Question 13

13

• ANSWER: This is the movement of materials under the influence of gravity• QUESTION: What is mass movement

or mass wasting?

Question 14

14

• ANSWER: The steepness of a slope of loose material at rest is this• QUESTION: What is the angle of

repose? Or what is 34 degrees?

Question 15

15

• ANSWER: This might occur on an ash covered mountain following a heavy rain• QUESTION: What is a Lahar?

Question 16

16

• ANSWER: This process begins with the corners and edges of rock • QUESTION: What is spheroidal

weathering?

Question 17

17

• ANSWER: This amount of the world’s freshwater is frozen• QUESTION: What is 77%?

Question 18

18

19

• ANSWER: This is an intermediate product in the formation of glacial ice from fresh snow• QUESTION: What is firn?

Question 19

20

• ANSWER: Because it is the result of recrystallization caused by pressure• QUESTION: Why is glacial ice similar

to metamorphic rock?

Question 20

21

• ANSWER: It increases in elevation toward the equator and decreases in elevation toward the poles • QUESTION: What is snowline?

Question 21

22

• ANSWER: The zone of ablation• QUESTION: What is the region with

net snow and ice losses?Or what is the opposite of the zone of accumulation?

Question 22

23

• ANSWER: A lake in a cirque is this • QUESTION: What is a tarn?

Question 23

24

• ANSWER: This event could occur if a volcano melted a glacier, causing a flood• QUESTION: What is a jökulhlaulp?

Question 24

25

• ANSWER: Stream cut valleys are commonly this shape, while glacial valleys are commonly this shape• QUESTION: What are V-shaped and

U-shaped valleys?

Question 25

26

• ANSWER: Glacial polish results from this process• QUESTION: What is abrasion?

Question 26

27

• ANSWER: Horns, cirques, arêtes, cols• QUESTION: What are typical alpine

erosional features?

Question 27

28

• ANSWER: A lake in a cirque is this • QUESTION: What is a tarn ?

Question 28

29

• ANSWER: This is on the side, this is in the middle, and this is at the end.• QUESTION: What are lateral, medial,

terminal and end moraines?

Question 29

30

• ANSWER: A roche moutonnée is formed by these processes• QUESTION: What is abrasion of the

STOSS (uphill) side and plucking of the LEE (downhill) side?

Question 30

31

• ANSWER: A roche moutonnée’s evil twin is this• QUESTION: What is a drumlin?

Question 31

32

• ANSWER: It began 1.65 mya and has been composed of many glacial and interglacial periods, covering up to 30% of Earth.• QUESTION: What is the Pleistocene?

Question 32

33

• ANSWER: The Milankovitch hypothesis includes these three orbital variables with these time scales• QUESTION: What are axial tilt, axial

precession, and the shape of Earth’s orbit changing on time periods of 40,000; 26,000; and 100,000 years?

Question 33

34

• ANSWER: Compression can create this type of fault• QUESTION: What is a reverse or

thrust fault?

Question 34

35

• ANSWER: Brittle rock does this, while ductile rock does this.• QUESTION: What is faulting and

folding?

Question 35

36

• ANSWER: Effusive volcanoes build these• QUESTION: What is a shield volcano?

Question 36

37

• ANSWER: The Basin and Range Province of the western US was created by this type of faulting• QUESTION: What is normal faulting?

Question 37

38

• ANSWER: The Basin and Range Province of the western US is made up of these features• QUESTION: What are horsts and

grabens?

Question 38

39

• ANSWER: This is the subsurface location that earthquakes occur at• QUESTION: What is the focus?

Question 39

40

• ANSWER: This is the surface location above the location that earthquakes occur at• QUESTION: What is the epicenter?

Question 40

41

• ANSWER: The San Andreas Fault is this type of fault, caused by this type of stress• QUESTION: What is a right-lateral

strike-slip fault caused by shear stress? Or what is a right-lateral transform fault?

Question 41

42

• ANSWER: Effusive volcanoes build these• QUESTION: What is a shield volcano?

Question 42

43

• ANSWER: Effusive volcanoes are formed from this type of magma• QUESTION: What is a mafic or

basalt?

Question 43

44

• ANSWER: Volcanoes with silica rich felsic (sima) magma typically do this• QUESTION: What is explode?

What is form plug-dome volcanoes?

Question 44

45

• ANSWER: Volcanoes found at mid-oceanic ridges or hot spots have this type of magma• QUESTION: What is mafic or basalt?

Question 45

46

• ANSWER: Convergent, divergent, and transform• QUESTION: What are the three types

of plate boundaries?

Question 46

47

• ANSWER: Japanese, Himalayan, and Andean• QUESTION: What are the three types

of convergent plate boundaries?

Question 47

48