Question 1

DONE BY : BILAL ALOMARI RPD QUESTIONS

2

Question #1 In reference to the partially edentulous arch and accompanying framework shown ---what is the Kennedy classification ?

Class I, Modification 0

Class II, Modification 1

Class III, Modification 0

Class IV, Modification 0

Does this RPD have an axis of rotation? If so, where is it located? What class(s) of RPDs do not have an axis of rotation?

Question #2

The accompanying figure depicts the lingual surface on the lower anterior teeth of a patient who is currently wearing a bilateral distal extension removable partial denture that was fabricated 5 years ago. What do you think is the most likely cause for the tissue damage that has occurred on tooth #22?

The lower anterior teeth should have been plated and were not .

The patient's oral hygiene is poor and tissue breakdown followed pocket formation on the distal of tooth #22.

A rest preparation and rest should have been placed on tooth #22.

A cast circumferential clasp was used on tooth #22----it should have been wrought wire.

Question #3

Your patient has teeth 20-29 remaining . You plan to use mesial rests and I -bars on both terminal abutments . Because there are lingual tori present , you will need to use linguoplating in the premolar areas . The illustration is a lingual view of teeth 27-29. The dotted line on #29 represents the height of contour (survey line ). What should be the relationship of the superior border of the plating and the survey line ?

The plating should extend above the survey line.

The plating should end at or below the survey line .

The plating must end exactly at the survey line.


3

The plating must end below the survey line .

Question #4

In the maxillary class III RPD shown either a palatal strap or an anterior-posterior palatal strap major connector may be used . If an anterior-posterior strap design is to be considered, the opening between the anterior and posterior palatal straps should be at least _______ mm.

5

10

15

20

Question #5

True or False

Because there are no movable tissues on the palate , the borders of maxillary major connectors may be located farther from the gingival margins than those of mandibular major connectors.

True

False

Question #6

On the mandibular class III framew ork shown, circumferential clasps have been used on the canine , premolar, and molars. Which one of the following statements regarding the clasping is TRUE ?

The retentive arms on the canine and premolar should be wrought wire while those on the molars should be cast .

The lingual arms on the molars are frequently the retentive arms because there are often no usable facial undercuts.

If the undercut on the second premolar is on the distofacial , the circumferential retentive arm would most likely be changed to I -bars.

In order to ensure adequate retention, the tips of both the buccal and lingual arms on the molars should be placed in undercuts.


4

Question #7

True or False

On the RPD framework shown, the rests on teeth numbers 20 and 28 are indirect retainers and function when the patient bites down on the distal extension area.

True

False

Question #8

True or False

Guide surface preparations should be completed before rest seat preparations .

True

False

Question #9

True or False

In the class II mandibular RPD shown to the right , the clasp on tooth #27 should be wrought wire BECAUSE the cingulum rest acts like a distal rest and the tip of the retentive arm is in front of the axis of rotation.

True

False

Question #10

True or False

When tripoding a cast , the vertical arm of the surveyor must be locked in position .

True

False

Question #11


5

Referring to the maxillary class II RPD design shown to the right, which of the following statements is TRUE ?

A short thick I-bar clasp could be used on tooth #6.

A wrought wire circumferential clasp could be used on toot h #6.

It is sometimes not necessary to use any clasp on tooth #6.

2 and 3 are both true

Question #12

The following statement refers to the drawing of the class I RPD to the right: The clasp arm on tooth #20 should be wrought wire BECAUSE functional forces cause tissueward movement of the denture base, the denture rotates around the rest (which is on the distal), and the clasp arm engages the tooth, tending to tilt it distally.

The statement and the reason are true AND related.

The statement and the reason are true but are NOT related.

The statement is true but the reason is false .

Neither the statement nor the reason is true.

Question #13

In the maxillary class I RPD shown at the right , the posterior border of the palatal plate major connector should be located

as far forward as is possible while maintaining enough width for strength

approximately 20 mm behind the anterior border

approximately 10 mm anterior to the fovea palatini

at the posterior palatal seal area

Question #14

True or False


6

All components of a maxillary major connector should cross the palate at right angles to the midline and curves in the major connector should be located to one side of the midline .

True

False

Question #15

In the case shown to the right, which is the most effective indirect retainer?

The rest on tooth #19.




Question #16

What is the most significant problem with the rest shown on the mandibular canine to the right ?

The rest should be wider inciso -gingivally .

The rest should be located more toward the incisal edge .

The rest should be thicker buccolingually .

The rest should be located in a prepared rest seat.

Question #17

True or False

In the RPD shown to the right, the guide surface - guide plate contacts on the distal surfaces of teeth numbers 20 and 29 determine a definite path of displacement /dislodgement .

True

False

Question #18


7

True or False

The all plastic maxillary RPD should be avoided in all partial dentures except where the prosthesis is considered transitional and loss of the remain ing teeth is imminent .

True

False

Question #19

True or False

Tooth-supported RPDs require physiologic relief of the guide plates .

True

False

Question #20

The superior border of a mandibular lingual bar major connector must be at least _____ mm below the gingival margins .

1-2

2-3

3-4

4-5

Q uestion #2 1 F or m axillary m ajor connectors , except w here plating is used , the border of the m ajor

connector should be at least ______ m m aw ay from the gingival m argin .

1

3

5

6

Q uestion #2 2


8

For the anterior-posterior palatal strap maxillary major connector , the anterior, posterior, and lateral straps should be about ______ mm wide.

4-6

6-8

8-10

at least 10

Question #23

The basic philosophy of dental treatment for a partially edentulous patient is to

preserve what remains and restore what is missing

replace the missing teeth

improve the path of insertion

reshape rotated teeth

Question #24

It is best not to use a balanced occlusion when mandibular RPDs oppose maxillary complete dentures.

True

False

Question #25

The function of the guide plate is to

help establish a definitive path of insertion /dislodgement .

stabilize the RPD by controlling its horizontal position .

provide contact with the adjacent tooth.

all of the above

Question #26

What is the design error in the maxillary RPD framework shown to the right ?


9

The anterior teeth should have been plated .

An anterior-posterior palatal strap major connector should have been used.

There should be a cast circumferential clasp on tooth #6.

The posterior border of the major connector should cross the palate at right angles to the midline.

Question #27

What would be the best denture base connector when there is limited interocclusal space (<3 mm).

Open latticework

Meshwork

All metal base

All plastic base

Question #28

The first consideration in developing occlusion is the evaluation and establishment of the correct position of the occlusal plane. This may be compromised by super -erupted and malposed teeth.

True

False

Question #29

Your patient's partially edentulous arch is depicted in the illustration to the right. The missing teeth (with the exception of the third molars) were extracted three weeks ago. What would be the best denture base/replacement teeth combination in this instance ?

Open latticework

Metal bases with beads for attachment of processed t ooth colored acrylic resin .

An all metal base


10

Tube teeth

Question #30

A wrought wire clasp is NOT used in which of the following situations ?

On a terminal abutment of an extension RPD.

As an embrasure clasp.

On a tooth with an indirect retainer on it .

Both 1 and 2 above.

Question #31

True or False

In designing a RPD framework for the partially edentulous arch to the right---if at all possible , circumferential clasps should be used on the numbers 28 and 30. They would be preferred to infrabulge retainers .

True

False

Question 32

True or False

Determining areas for physiologic relief is accomplished by marking the framework intraorally. This process includes adjusting the casting to allow for functional movement on Class I and II RPDs to relieve stre ss on the terminal abutment teeth.

True

False

Question 33

Reciprocation between bracing and retentive components requires

I-bars be used

bracing components contact after retentive components

correct timing of contact during seating and removal of the RPD


11

both 2 and 3

Question 34

Infrabulge clasps originate

above the height of contour

below the height of contour

above the 0.01" undercut

above the occlusal surface of most premolars

Question 35

True or False

A modified palatal plate is used in maxillary class II cases and may or may not include lingual plating

True

False

Question 36

All of the following clasps are infra bulge clasps except ?

I-bar

Modified T-bar

Roach clasp

Akers clasp

Question 37

A clasp assembly should

have a retentive arm with adequate length and taper for flexibility

have a retentive arm that terminates in an undercut

have elements that considered together , provide 180 degree encirclement


12

all of the above

Question 38

The partial denture that will be completed on the framework shown to the right can do all of the following except

transfer stresses to the abutment teeth

transfer stresses across the arch

minimize supereruption of opposing teeth

act as an orthodontic retainer for the lower incisor teeth.

Question 39

True or False

Maxillary class II RPDs do not have an axis of rotation because no functional movement will occur over the hard midline suture of the palate .

True

False

Question 40

In a Class III modification 1 RPD, the rests are usually placed

on the canines

away from the modification space

in the area of the opposing occlusal contact

adjacent to the modification space.

Question #41

A mandibular lingual bar major connector such as the one shown in the RPD to the right requires a minimum of _____mm of vertical height between the gingival margin and the floor of the mouth.

4


13

5

7

8

Question 42

The presence of mandibular lingual tori would indicate the need for

a metal base

lingual plating

tube teeth

extra indirect retainers

Question 43

The illustration to the right shows a framework for a mandibular class II RPD. The indirect retainer on tooth 21 functions when

the patient chews on something hard

the patient chews on something soft

the patient chews on something sticky

the patient bites the bullet

Question 44

True or False

An anterior-posterior palatal strap maxillary major connector has greater strength and rigidity than a horseshoe design .

True

False

Question 45

Your patient has the mandibular arch form shown to the right . A rest on which tooth would be the most effective indirect retainer ?


14

20

21

22

27

Question 46

Your patient exhibits the mandibular class II modification 1 arch shown to the right. Tooth #30 is tilted mesiolinguallly and has very little tissue undercut on the lingu al. What is the best clasp for this situation?

Cast circumferential clasp utilizing a distolingual undercut

Cast I-bar utilizing a mesiolingual undercut

Cast ring clasp utilizing a mesiolingual undercut

Wrought wire circumferential clasp utilizing a distolingual undercut .

Question 47

Rigid metal retention is associated with

a dual path of insert ion

a class IV RPD

the need for excellent esthetics

all of the above

Question 48

True or False

The palatal strap maxillary major connector is primarily used in short span maxillary class III modification 1 RPDs.

True

False

Question 49


15

Your patient has the class I arch shown to the right. The axis of rotation is most frequently determined by :

the placement (location) of the primary rests

the type of clasp arms selected

the placement of the minor connectors

the placement of the indirect retainers

Question 50

In maxillary RPDs , the bead line is approximately _______mm thick (deep).

4

3

2

1

Question #51

The C + 1 rule

Does not apply to class IV RPDs

Does not apply to class III RPDs

Gives a general rule for the number of clasps

Both 1 and 3

Question #52

Which of the following maxillary major connectors possesses the least strength and rigidity?

Anterior-posterior palatal strap

Horse-shoe

Palatal plate


16

Modified palatal plate

Question #53

True or False

A cingulum rest is normallly placed between the middle and incisal thirds of the maxillary incisors in order to avoid occlusal interfer ences.

True

False

Question #54

Your patient exhibits the mandibular class II modification 1 arch shown to the right. Tooth #30 is tilted mesiolingually , but has a very severe tissue u ndercut on the lingual. What is the best clasp for this situation?

Cast circumferential clasp utilizing a distolingual undercut .

Cast I-bar utilizing a mesiolingual undercut .

Cast ring clasp utilizing a mesiolingual undercut.

Wrought wire circumferential clasp utilizing a distolingual undercut .

Question #55

True or False

All methods of measuring the vertical dimension of occlus ion agree on one major principle : In physiologic functions (speaking and swallowing ) the teeth should make contact.

True

False

Question #56

True or False


17

Malposed or super-erupted teeth may cause a discrepancy between centric relation and centric occlusion. Therefore, it is recommended that the opposing teeth not touch during the making of a centric relation record for mounting of diagnostic casts .

True

False

Question #57

True or False

The purpose of the centric relation record is to record the exact position of the maxilla to the mandible in a protrusive relation .

True

False

Question #58

True or False

If abutment teeth require crowns, the RPD design is prepared after the crowns are cemented.

True

False

Question #59

True or False

Alginate imp ression materials have excellent dimensional stability over time and seldom lead to over extended vestibular extensions .

True

False

Question #60

True or False

Master casts for patients with lone-standing abutments should be poured in "Silky Rock" stone.


18

True

False

Question #61 True or False

The altered cast impression technique is often used on Class I and Class III RPDs .

True

False

Question #62

Your patient exhibits the partially edentulous mandibular arch shown to the right. The maxillary arch is to be restored with a complete denture . Teeth 20 and 29 will receive crowns . There are no contraindications to any type of clasping . Which of the following clasp assemblies would you use on 20 and 29.

Mesial rests and I-bars

Mesial rests and mod ified T-bars

Distal rests and WW circumferential clasps

Distal rests and cast circumferential clasps .

Question #63

Your patient exhibits the partially edentulous mandibular arch shown to the right. The maxillary arch is to be restored with a complete denture. Teeth 20 and 29 will receive crowns . There are very high labial frenal attachments on both sides . Which of the following clasp assemblies would you use on 20 and 29?


Mesial rests and modified T -bars



19

Distal rests and cast circumferential clas ps.

Question #64

Your patient exhibits the partially edentulous mandibular arch shown to the right. The maxillary arch is to be restored with a complete denture. The undercuts on 20 and 29 are on the distal portion of the facial surface . There are no contraindications to either infrabulge or suprabulge retainers. Which of the following clasp assemblies would you use on 20 and 29?


Mesial rests and modified T-bars


Distal rests and cast circumferential clasps

Question #65

True or False

Reciprocation of clasps is related to the timing of contact between the braci ng and retentive clasp arms in order to prevent undue forces on the abutment teeth during seating and removal of the RPD .

True

False

Question #66

Your patient has the partially edentulo us arch shown to the right. The undercuts on 21 and 28 are on the mesiofacial surfaces . The most commonly used clasp assemblies on the premolars would be :

Distal rests and I-bars

Distal rests and modified T -bars




20

Question #67

Your patient has the partially edentulous arch shown to the right. The undercuts on 21 and 28 are on the distofacial surfaces. There are no contraindications to any types of clasps . Under these circumstances , the most commonly used clasp assemblies on the premolars would be :


Distal rests and modified T-bars



Question #68

Your patient has the partially edentulous arch shown to the right . The undercuts on 21 and 28 are on the mesiofacial surfaces and there are no contraindications to suprabulge or infrabulge retainers . The long range prognosis for the molars is poor but your patient does not want them extracted at this time. Several alterations in the usual design could be made to facilitate later conversion of the prosthesis to a class I RPD . One of them involves the clasp assemblies on the premolars . Your recommendation?


Distal rests and modified T -bars



Question #69

True or False

Your patient has the partially edentulous arch form shown to the right . The molars have drifted mesially and lingually . With these factors in mind, rigid metal retention could be considered for use on the molars .

True


21

False

Question #70

Which one of the following classes of RPDs NEVER has an axis of rotation ?

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Question #71

What is the major problem with the RPD framework shown to the right?

Teeth numbers 21 and 28 should be plated.

The plating on the lingual surfaces of the anterior teeth should cover the cinguli.

Distal rests would be better than mesial rests on teeth numbers 21 and 28.

Cast circumferential clasps are preferred with the mesial rests on teeth numbers 20 and 29.

Question #72

Which of the following could be reason (s) for choosing the double lingual bar major connector shown to the right ?

Large interproximal spaces have resulted from periodontal surgery.

The patient exhibits a high floor of the mouth .

There is overlapping of the anterior teeth .

Both a and b above.

Question #73


22

True or False

When possible , plating on maxillary RPDs should be avoided due to the potential for interfering with speech and occlusion .

True

False

Question #74 The survey line (height of contour) of a full contour wax-up for a crown for an RPD abutment tooth can be visualized using

red wax

zinc stearate powder

border wax

pressure indicating paste

Question #75 Your patient has only teeth numbers 20 through 29 remaining . You have tried in the framework and are border molding the extension areas in preparation for an altered cast impression. The distobuccal area is shaped by the ?

Buccinator muscle

Masseter muscle

Internal pterygoid muscle

Mylohyoid muscle

Question #76 Your patient has teeth numbers 20 through 29 remaining . The survey line and undercut (shaded area) for tooth #29 are as shown on the right. There is no contraindication to the use of an infrabulge clasps but


23

there is a very solid contact in the mesial-occlsual fossa. What would be your choice for rest location and retentive arm?

Distal rest and cast circumferential clasp

Distal rest and cast I-bar

Mesial rest and cast I-bar

Distal rest and WW circumferential clasp

Question #77 Your patient has teeth numbers 20 through 29 remaining . The survey line and undercut (shaded area) for tooth #29 are as shown on the right. There is no contraindication to the use of an infrabulge clasps and there are no occlusal problems affecting rest location . What would be the best choice for rest location and retentive arm ?

Mesial rest and I-bar

Mesial rest and modified T-bar

Mesial rest and WW circumferential clasp


Question #78 Your patient has teeth numbers 20 through 29 remaining . The survey line and undercut (shaded area) for tooth #29 are as shown on the right. There is no contraindication to the use of an infrabulge clasps . The opposing occlusion is provided by a complete denture. What would be your choice for rest location and retentive arm?


Mesial rest and modified T -bar

Mesial rest and cast circumferential clasp


24


Question #79 Your patient has only teeth numbers 20 through 29 remaining . You have tried in the framework and are border molding the extension areas in preparation for an altered cast impression. The distolingual border molding is shaped by the ?

Masseter muscle

Internal pterygoid muscle

Superior constrictor muscle

Mylohyoid muscle


As a general rule, plating is indicated for the maxillary arch if there are less than three contiguous maxillary incisor teeth remaining .

True

False

Question #81 All of the components listed below may be involved in the 180 degree encirclement rule EXCEPT

I-bar

Minor connector

Guide plate

Open latticework


25

Question #82 What is the correct relationship of the foot of an I-bar to the survey line (height of contour) on a terminal abutment for an extension RPD ?

The foot should be entirely above the surv ey line .

The foot should be partially above and partially below the survey line .

The foot should be totally below the survey line.

The relationship of the fo ot of the I-bar and the survey line is of no consequence .


The primary indication for and Oddo clasp occurs when an anterior abutment has excessive labial inclination so that the retainer (clasp) would be very close to the incisal edge.

True

False


The purpose of the altered cast impression procedure is to obtain the maximum support possible from the edentulous areas of class I and cla ss II RPDs.

True

False



26

When there are extensive edentulous areas present in both arches and no opposing teeth meet, we should establish the vertical dimension of occlusion prior to making a centric relation record.

True

False


You are fabricating maxillary and mandibular RPDs for your patient . At the framework try-in appointment, both frameworks should initially be placed in the mouth to check for occlusal interferences .

True

False


A protrusive record is made with the mandi bular anterior teeth approximately 6 mm forward of centric relation (or with the mandibular and maxillary anterior teeth in an edge to edge relationship). This record is used to set the horizontal condylar guidance on the articulator.

True

False


The space that opens between the posterior teeth during anterior movement of the mandible is called Christensen 's Phenomenon. This posterior separation is increased if the incisal guidance is increased .

True


27

False


Before trying in a framework , you should inspect the master cast for damage and inspect the framework for sharp fi ns.

True

False


Your RPD framework fits the cast but does not fit in the mouth. One should assume that the impression for the cast was inaccurate and that a new impression will need to be made.

True

False


The fewer teeth that remain, the more like a denture the RPD becomes and the more likely the need for a custom impre ssion tray.

True

False

Question #92 Reason(s) for selecting a mandibular lingual plate major connector is /are?

The presence of lingual tori .


28

Anticipated loss of one or more of the remaining teeth .

A high lingual frenum .

1, 2, and 3 above

Question #93 Your patient has teeth 20 through 29 remaining . Tooth #29 exhibits the tooth contours and undercut shown in the illustration to the right. Which of the clasp assemblies listed has the GREATEST DANGER of torquing the abutment during functional movements of the extension base ?

Mesial rest and cast I-bar


RPA clasp assembly with a cast clasp

All have about the same potential danger

Question #94 Which of the following clasps commonly utilize lingual undercuts ?

Ring clasp

Extended arm clasp

Half and half clasp

Both 1 and 3

Question #95 Which of the abutments in the partially edentulous arch to the right has the greatest potential for utilization of a ring clasp ?

#18


29

#21

#28

None of the abutments have any potential for the use of a ring clasp .


Metal denture bases are most commonly used over well -healed posterior ridges where vertical space is a problem .

True

False


Referring to the partially edentulous arch shown to the right .

The guide plates on teeth 21 and 28 should curve buccolingually and extend lingually just short of the distolingual line angles .

True

False

Question #98 A cingulum rest should be placed

between the occlusal and middle thirds of the incisor tee th.

above the middle third of the incisor teeth .

at the junction of the gingival and middle thirds of the incisor teeth.

on the disto-incisal edges of the in cisor teeth.


30

Question #99 The external finish line is

the external junction of framework metal and denture base plastic.

the external junction of framework metal and supporting tissues .

the external junction of the framework metal and the natural teeth .

the external junction of the natural teeth and the denture base plastic .


As a general rule, a removable partial denture needs C +1 clasps where C=Kennedy classification number .

True

False

Q uestion #1 0 1 A "bead " line "

is used only on m andibular m ajor connectors

is a seal at the interface of fram ew ork m etal and tissues

should taper off as it approaches the m arginal gingiva of the abutm ent teeth

bot h 2 and 3 above

Q uestion 1 0 2


31

Your patient has the partially edentulous arch shown in the illustration on the left. Tooth #28 has the survey line an d undercut shown in the illustration on the right . There are no contraindications to any type of clasp or to any rest location . What would be your first choice for the clasp assembly on tooth #28?

distal rest and cast circumferential clasp

distal rest and WW circumferential clasp

distal rest and I-bar clasp

distal rest and modified T-bar clasp

Question 103

Your patient has the partially edentulous arch shown in the left illustration. Tooth #28 has the survey line and undercut shown in the illustration on the right . There are no contraindications to any type of clasp or to any rest location. What would be the most common choice for the clasp assembly on tooth #28?

distal rest and cast circumferential clasp

distal rest and WW circumferential clasp

distal rest and I-bar clasp

distal rest and modified T -bar clasp

Question 104 The superior border of a mandibular lingual bar major connecto r should be

at least 3 mm from the tooth/tissue junction

at least 2 mm from the tooth/tissue junction

located at the tooth/tissue junction

at least 3 mm above the tooth/tissue junction


32

Question 105 The internal finish line is

the butt joint between the metal and plastic on the tissue side of the edentulous area

the butt joint between the metal and plastic on the outer surface of the RPD

a type of posterior palatal seal

a special type of bead line

Question 106 A class I modification 0 RPD normally has how many clasps ?

1

2

3

4

Question 107 Select a maxillary major connector for the large Class III modification 1 RPD shown to the right. The residual ridges are good and the abutment teeth are strong.

Palatal strap


33


Horse-shoe


Question 108 True or False

When an RPD is fully seated , the tips of the clasp arms should exert very light pressure against the abutment teeth.

True

False

Question 109

Your patient's partially edentulous arch form is shown in the left illustration. The clasp assembly for tooth #20 is illustrated on the right. When is the retentive arm activated ?

When the patient bites down on the extension base .

When there is an attempt to dislodge the RPD.

When the extension base moves toward the tissues .

It should never be activated.


Guide plates for tooth-supported RPDs may extend above the height of contour while those on extension RPDs should not .


34

True

False

Question 111 Select a maxillary major connector for the large Class III modification 1 RPD shown to the right. The residual ridges are of medium quality but the third molar abutment teeth are weak .

A wide single palatal strap

An anterior-posterior palatal strap

A modified palatal plate

A horse-shoe

Question 112 Select a maxillary major connector for the Class III modification 1 RPD shown to the right. The residual ridges are of good quality and the first premolar and second molar abutment teeth are strong.


Horse-shoe


Palatal strap

Question 113 Select a maxillary major c onnector for the Class III modification 1 arch shown to the right. The residual ridges are of good quality and the first premolar and third molar abutment teeth are strong . The patient relates a long history of gagging problems and , in fact, had major problems with the impressions for the study casts .


35


Horse-shoe

Modified palatal palte

Palatal strap

Question 114 Your patient has the partially edentulous arch shown in the left illustration . Tooth #28 has the survey line and undercut shown in the right drawing . An infrabulge clasp CAN NOT be used due to a very high frenal attachment immediate ly below the abutment. What would be your first choice for the clasp on tooth #28?

A cast circumferential clasp

A wrought wire circumferential clasp

A cast circumferential embrasure clasp

A wrought wire circumferential embrasure clasp

Question 115 If a mandibular RPD abutment must be crowned , the FPD impression should include

all the abutment teeth for the RPD

a full arch impression

the retromolar pads

all of the above

Question 116 A tissue undercut may preclude the selection of


36

A suprabulge clasp

An infrabulge clasp

A half and half clasp

A combination clasp

Question 117 A combination clasp assembly gen erally has

a cast bracing arm

a distal rest

a wrought wire retentive arm

all of the above

Question 118 Your patient's partially edentulous mandibular arch form is shown to the right. Which of the abutment teeth would be likely to have a combination clasp ?

Not likely on any of the abutments

#20 very likely; #29 less likely

#29 very likely ; #20 less likely

#31 very likely ; not likely on either #20 or #29

Question 119 A modified T -bar on a terminal abutment for a Class I partially edentulous arch (such as the one shown)


37

is used with a distal rest

is placed into a distobuccal undercut

should have the vertical approach arm distal to the gre atest mesio-distal curvature of the facial surface

both 1 and 2

Question 120 Which of the following should be considered in diagnosis for an RPD patient ?

interarch space

tissue undercuts

occlusal contacts

all of the above


For a removable partial denture abutment that must be crowned , more than the normal occlusal reduction will be required .

True

False

Question 122 A lingual plate mandibular major connector may be selected because

the mandibular incisors are tilted lingually

there are mandibular tori present

there is a high lingual frenum


38

all of the above

Question 123 A master cast for a RPD should be blocked out and duplicated before

overlapped incisors are recontoured

rest preparations are prepared

the framework is waxed up

all of the above

Question 124 Rest placement on a terminal abutment of a Class I RPD depends on

the opposing occlusion

the tilt of the abutment

tissue undercuts

all of the above

Question 125 What is the problem (if any) with the design of the I-bar on tooth #28?

The I-bar should be placed in front of the greatest mesio-distal curvature, not behind it.

The I-bar should be placed more distally , closer to the guide plate.

The I-bar should extend above the survey line .


39

There is no problem; the position of the I-bar is correct.

Question 126 Your patient has the arch form shown to the right. You plan to use mesial rests and I-bars but will need to plate the premolars due to the tori. What should be the relationship of the superior border of the plating and the height of contour on the lingual surfaces of teeth numbers 20 and 29?

The plating must end below the height of contour .

The plating must end at the height of contour.

The plating must end above the height of contour .

None of the above is correct.

Question 127 A general rule for clasping teeth which lie anterior to the axis of rotation (e.g. tooth #21 in the illustration to the right ) in a Class II modification 1 RPD is:

Always use cast clasps

Never use suprabulge clasps

Use wrought wire clasps

Use 0.030 inch undercut for stability

Question 128 A general rule for rest placement on an abutment adjacent to an extension area is ?

Place the rest on the occlusal surface on the opposite side of the tooth from the extension area.

Place the rest on the occlusal surface adjacent to the extension area .


40

Place rests on both the mesial and distal occlusal surfaces .

Do not place a rest on this tooth.

Question 129 Low fusing metal is associated with which of the following procedures ?

The altered cast impression.

Physiological adju stment of the framework.

The RPD remount cast.

Making records for RPDs.

Question 130 Physiologic adjustment of the framework

is usually done at delivery of the RPD.

should be done at the framework try-in appointment.

is usually done at the records appointment .

may be omitted in the presence of strong abut ments and good residual ridges.


An exception to the C+1 rule for number of clasps is the Class II modification 0 case.

True

False

Question 132


41

Physiologic adjustment is related to

the axis of rotation

adjustment of the framework to the teeth

functional movement of the framework

all of the above


If physiologic adjustment of the framework is not done on a Class I modification 1 RPD, the clasps may not release in function .

True

False


The bracing arm of a circumferential clasp assembly must always lie at or above the height of contour.

True

False

Question 135 Your patient has the partially edentulous arch shown to the right . What would be the best clasps for tooth number 20 and 29 if they were tilted mesially ?

Mesial rests and cast I-bars


42

Mesial rests and WW I -bars

Distal rests and WW I-bars

Distal rests and combination clasps

Question 136 Your patient has the partially edentulous arch shown to the right . The premolars are tilted lingually and the re are no facial undercuts. There are, however, undercuts on the lingual. What would be the best clasps for this situation ?

Lingual I -bars

Roach clasps

Akers clasps

Half and Half clasps

Question 137 The external finish line on a maxillary Class I RPD originates from the lingual of the guide plate of the terminal abutment and ends

at the hamular notch.

in the glenoid fossa .

opposite the buccal pouch.

opposite Stenson's duct.

Question 138 The open latticework on a maxillary class I RPD

covers the hamular notch.


43

covers the tuberosity.

does not cover the tuberosity.

does not require substantial interach space.

Question 139 The partial denture design should be finalized prior to

any emergency treatment .

any fixed prosthodontic treatment .

preparation of rest seats.

both 2 and 3 above.

Question 140 Your patient has the partially edentulous arch shown to the right. The root of #29 has been saved as an overdenture abutment.

True or False

The presence of the overdenture abutment may change the axis of rotation but will not change the clasping considerations on tooth #28.

True

False

Question #141

When placing the tripod marks on the diagnostic cast , the vertical arm of the surveyor

should have the analyzing rod in place .

should be moved up or down to touch the tissues at widely separated areas.

Both 1 and 2 are true


44

Neither 1 nor 2 are true

Question 142 The internal and external finish lines are

normally superimposed over each other .

normally offset from each other to avoid weakness in the framework.

normally designed and placed independently .

none of the above statements are true.

Question 143 In general, lingual plating should be supported

by the inclined surfaces of the mandibular incisors .

with minor connectors.

with bracing arms .

with rests.

Question 144 A maxillary arch without three contiguous incisors (such as the one shown)

usually requires plating of the remaining incisor

should not be plated

should have a horse-shoe major connector

both 1 and 3 above.


45

Question 145 The external finish line on the distal extension side of the mandibular Class II modification 1 RPD for the partially edentulous arch shown to the right

runs from the lingual frenum to the retromolar pad .

runs from the lingual of the guide plate to the floor of the mouth.

runs from the mesial of the gu ide plate to the retromolar pad.

cannot be determined without more information .


Wrought wire retentive arms are usually selected for distal extension RPDs when the tips of the arms lie behind t he axis of rotation.

True

False

Question 147 Occlusal rest preparations should be

spoon shaped

at least 1/3 the buccolingual width of the occlusal surface

at least one millimeter deep

all of the above

Question 148


46

Guide plates for anterior teeth

should be kept to the labial for best esthetics .

should be kept to the lingual for best esthetics .

be thinned on the labial aspect .

both 2 and 3 above.

Question 149 An anterior-posterior palatal strap major connector is less rigid than a horse -shoe major connnector because it (the A-P strap) has less width.

The first statement is true but the reason is false .

The first statement is false and the reason is also a false statement .

The first statement is true and the reason is true .

The first statement is false but the reason is a true statement.

Question 150

Your patient has the partially edentulous arch form shown . All of the abutments have good bone support. On which one of the abutments would you likely utilize a WW clasp ?

#22

#29

#32

None of the above.

Question #151

Which of the following clasp assemblies utilize a primary rest and an auxiliary rest ?

RPA clasp


47

Ring clasp

Infrabulge clasp

Extended arm clasp


In a circumferential clasp assembly , only one of the arms may extend into an undercut.

True

False

Question 153 Which of the following steps is done LAST ?

Rest preparation

Framework try-in

Centric relation records

Altered cast impression

Question 154 Incisal rests

are generally more positive vertical stops than cingulum rests .

may interfere with the opposing occlusion .

should not be used on maxillary incisors .

all of the above.


48


Cast retentive arms are usually selected when the RPD is tooth supported or when the retentive tips release during functional movements of extension RPDs .

True

False

Question 156 Cleaning a removable partial denture in sodium hypochl orite may result in

increased caries activity

increased periodontal problems

corrosion of the metal of the framework

1 and 2 above

Question 157 Which of the following clasp assemblies utilizes a lingual undercut and can be used on premolars for either extension or tooth-supported RPDs?

half and half clasp

lingual I -bar

lingual modified T -bar

ring clasp

Question 158 If a metal base is to be used


49

an altered cast impression should be made after framework tr y-in

a stock tray should be used for the final impression

a custom tray should be used for the final impression

interocclusal records must be made after t ooth selection


When surveying to determine the height of contour of the abutments , the mark on the tooth must be made by the side of the lead marker .

True

False

Question 160 Clasps

help stabilize the RPD by controlling occlusal movement.

help stabilize the RPD by controlling gingival movement .

may also funct ion as indirect retainers .

prevent excessive biting forces on the abutments .

Question #161 Your patient exhibits the partially edentulous arch shown to the right . Tooth #29 is tilted mesially . The undercut is on the mesiofacial surface. What would be the best clasp assembly for this situation ?

Distal rest and cast circumferential clasp .

Distal rest and WW circumferential clasp.


50

Mesial rest and I-bar.

Distal rest and I-bar.

Question 162 During biting , a maxillary Class I RPD will rotate around a line determined by the rigid metal above the survey line and closest to the extension areas . This line is called

Camper's line

Frankfurt line

Dual path line

Axis of rotation

Question 163 The WORST clasp assemb ly for a terminal abutment on a mandibular class I RPD (such as #29 in the partially edentulous arch to the right) is


Distal rest and cast circumferential clasp

Mesial and distal rest and a 1/2 and 1/2 clasp

Mesial rest and modified T -bar

Question 164 The guide surface preparation should be curved

mesio-distally

bucco-lingually


51

occluso-gingivally

none of the above

Question 165 Fill in the blank

What are the indications for a linguoplate as a major connector for a mandibular RPD?

High floor of the mouth (<7 mm of vertical height)

High lingual frenum

Presence of lingual tori

One or more missing incisors

Periodontially involved incisors with possible loss in the future

Lingually tilted mandibular anterior teeth

Question 166 Fill in the blank.

Name four types of suprabulge clasps .

Circumferential

Embrasure

Ring

Hairpin


52

Question 167 Fill in the blank.

Your patient has teeth numbers 20 through 29 remaining . The illustration to the right shows the design for a modified T -bar retainer on tooth #29. The vertical line on the tooth represents the greatest mesiodistal curvature of the facial surface . Do you see any problems with the design ?

The approach arm of the modified T-bar must be placed just to the mesial of the greatest mesio-distal curvature of the facial surface. Otherwise there is the possibility that the entire RPD could be displaced upward and backward without the retentive arm flexing. In this case, the RPD would exhibit no retention.

Question 168 Fill in the blank

In the illustration shown to the right , what would be your first choice for a retainer (clasp) on tooth #6?

Wrought wire circumferential clasp

Question 169

Fill in the blank

Your patient has the partially edentulous arch shown to the right. The molars have drifted mesially and lingually so that the only usable undercuts are on the mesiolingual . What clasps would you use on the molars if (1) there were no large tissue undercuts and (2) there were large tissue undercuts?

Part 1: mesiolingual I-bars

Part 2: ring clasps with rigid facial portions and auxiliary distal rests

Question 170

Fill in the blank

Which classes of mandibular RPDs require an altered cast impression ?

Classes I and II.

Question #171


53

Fill in the blank

Important factors in determining the path of insertion /dislodgement are :

1. potential guide surfaces

2. undercuts for direct retention

3. hard and soft tissue interferences

4. esthetic considerations

.

Question 172

Fill in the blank

Incisal rests should generally not be used o n maxillary incisors . Why?

Poor esthetics and interferences with the opposing occlusion .

Question 173

Fill in the blank

For tooth-supported RPDs, where are the primary rests normally placed ?

In tooth-supported RPDs, primary rests are usually located on the tooth next to the edentulous space and on the portion of the occlusal surface immediately adjacent to the edentulous space---thus avoiding additional minor connectors and gingival coverage.

Question 174

Fill in the blank

For extension RPDs, where are the primary rests usually placed ?

On the tooth next to the edentulous space but on the portion of the occlusal surface away from the edentulous space.

.

Question 175


54

Fill in the blank

What is/are the indications for the use of a maxillary palatal plate major connector which is composed partly of metal and partly of plastic ? See example to the right .

Plastic in the posterior aspect of the major connector allows for post-insertion revision of the posterior palatal seal and for relining or rebasing over residual ridges that are still in the process of recontouring (healing).

Question 176

Fill in the blank

What are the indications for the use of a maxillary horseshoe major connector?

A horse-shoe or U-shaped maxillary major connector is indicated when a large, inoperable torus extends posteriorly within 8 mm or less of the junction of the hard and soft palates or when the patient cannot tolerate contact of the prosthesis with the posterior portion of the palate---a gagger!

Question 177

Fill in the blank

The total retention for a RPD is obtained from

1. denture style retention (adhesion, cohesion, interfacial surface tension)

2. frictional retention from guide surface/guide plate contacts

3. mechanical retention from clasps (direct retention)

Question 178

Fill in the blank

What are the components of a clasp assembly ?

1. one or two rests

2. a retentive arm

3. a bracing or reciprocating element

4. one or more minor connectors


55

Question 179

Fill in the blank

An ideal clasp assembly should possess the following qualities :

1. support

2. bracing

3. reciprocation

4. 180 degree encirclement

Question 180

SUPPORT for a RPD framework is provided by?

Support is provided almost entirely by rests. Some support is furnished by other rigid metal located above the survey line (e.g. the rigid portions of retentive arms and bracing and reciprocating arms). However, these components usually lie on inclined surfaces and should never be expected to provide primary vertical support. In the maxillary arch, some support may also be provided by the major connector if it covers a significant portion of the hard palate. When considering the RPD as a whole, the denture bases also provide support, much more so in extension RPDs than tooth-supported RPDs.

Question #181 Fill in the blank

Explain the difference between bracing and reciprocation .

Bracing and reciprocation are both provided by rigid portions of clasps, guide plates, and minor connectors. Under certain circumstances, linguoplating may also provide bracing and reciprocation. Bracing occurs when the RPD is fully seated. Bracing elements distribute horizontal forces across the arch. Reciprocation is dynamic and requires timing. The rigid elements must contact the abutment teeth as the retentive arms pass over the height of contour during insertion and removal of the prosthesis.

Question 182

Fill in the blank

Factors important in the selection of a particular clasp design include ?


56

1. tooth contour (location of undercut)

2. tissue contour

3. flexibility of the clasp arm

4. tooth coverage

5. esthetic requirements

6. the capacity for adjustment, maintenance, and replacement

7. the ability to provide stabilization (bracing)

.

Question 183

Fill in the blank

What are indirect retainers and how do they function ?

Indirect retainers are rests that are located anterior to the retentive arms on distal extension RPDs. They function when dislodging forces attempt to move the denture base away from the basal seat tissues. By preventing downward movement of the anterior portion of the RPD, the indirect retainers force the direct retainers (clasps) to activate when movement away from the basal seat is attempted.

.

Question 184

Fill in the blank

______________________________ are mechanical retainers that originate from a point at or above the height of contour---usually from a rest , minor connector, or guide plate---and angle downward across the clinical crown where the tip is located in the prescribed undercut.

Suprabulge retainers

Question 185

For a circumferential clasp , the undercut must be located

on the same side of the abutment as the point of origin .


57

on the opposite side of the point of origin.

Question 186

Fill in the blank

What is a combination clasp ?

A combination clasp is a circumferential clasp assembly composed of a rest, a flexible wrought wire retentive arm, and a rigid cast reciprocating/bracing arm.

Question 187

Fill in the blank

When is a combination clasp most commonly used ?

The combination clasp is most commonly used for extension RPDs when

1. a tissue undercut below the terminal abutment precludes the use of a bar clasp

2. the mesial tilt of the terminal abutment would cause the guide plate to pre-empt the mesial rest in an I-bar clasp assembly

3. a retainer is placed on a tooth that lies bodily in front of the axis of rotation

Question 188

Fill in the blank

What is the "RPA" clasp concept and what is the problem with the design ?

The RPA concept has occasionally been recommended for distal extension RPDs and includes a distal guide plate, a mesial rest, and a circumferential retentive arm originating from the guide plate. Problem: If the originating portion of the arm lies above the height of contour, it will pre-empt the mesial rest and will act like a distal rest on an inclined plane. The retentive tip will now engage the undercut during functional movement of the extension base.

Question 189

Fill in the blank

What is the name of the clasp assembly shown to the right ?

The picture shows an embrasure clasp assembly (which is a type of circumferential or suprabulge clasp).


58

Question 190

Fill in the blank

What is the most significant error in the design shown to the right. (Hint: the error is not particularly easy to see but it involves the major connector .)

The biggest problem with the design is that the major connector ends in the gingival sulcus of the anterior teeth. If the intent is to plate these teeth, the plating must cover the cinguli and extend interproximally up to the contact points. If plating is not desired, the border of the major connector must be at least 6 mm away from the gingival margins.

Question #191

Fill in the blank

The illustration shown to the right was taken from an advertisement that appeared in one of the dental journals . It suggests that a bar bridge/splint in combina tion with a precision or semi -precision removable partial denture is appropriate treatment for "Geriatric Reconstruction." What do you think about this type of treatment?

There are many problems with this type of treatment for a large percentage of geriatrics patients. First of all, many older patients simply do not have the manual dexterity to control the precise insertion and removal of this type of prosthesis. Secondly, the splinting of teeth means the only means of assuring adequate interproximal plaque control by use of floss threaders under the soldered contacts---also a very difficult task for people with marginal coordination and dexterity. In general, one could say that plaque control is more difficult for the geriatric population than for younger patients. Recurrent decay around crown margins is common among geriatric patients. Whenever possible, margins should be as accessible as possible---that is not the case with this type of restoration.

The rule of "KISS" (keep it simple stupid) may not have the best connotation but is true most of the time and certainly in relation to removable prostheses for geriatric patients. Make insertion and removal of the prosthesis as easy as possible. Avoid precision attachments and the like. Allow for repair of the underlying restorations and design the RPD so that teeth can be added to the prosthesis if natural teeth are lost. Don't do anything that will compromise oral hygiene.

Question #192 Fill in the blank


59

The illustration to the right shows the tissue surface of a maxillary removable partial denture. The arrows point to the junction of the framework metal and the plastic denture base. What is this structure called ?

Internal finish line

Question #193

Fill in the blank

The illustration to the right shows a tooth-supported segment of a mandibular removable partial denture framework . The red arrow is pointing to the raised edge of metal where the framework and plastic denture base will meet . What is this structure called?

External finish line

Question #194

Fill in the blank

The illustration to the right shows a maxillary class I RPD framework with an anterior-posterior palatal strap major connector. What is the minimum acceptable distance between the anterior and posterior straps (red arrow)?

15 mm.

Question #195

Fill in the blank

What Kennedy classification is the RPD shown in the picture to the right? What is the name of this type of major connector?

Class II, modification 0


Question #196

Fill in the blank

What is the Kennedy classification of the maxillary RPD shown to the right?


60

Class III, modification 0

Question #197

Fill in the blank

What is the Kennedy classification of the maxillary RPD shown to the right?

Class III, modification 1. If tooth #14 had not been missing, it would have been a Class IV. However, no modification spaces are possible in a class IV RPD---any other edentulous area takes precedence in nomenclature.

Question #198

Fill in the blank

The red arrows point to a "ridge" of metal on the framework where the framework and the denture base plastic will meet . What is this "ridge" called?

External finish line

Question #199

Fill in the blank

The illustration to the right shows a tooth-borne segment of a mandibular RPD . There is an I-bar retainer on the molar abutment. What is unusual about this retainer ?

Generally, lingual I-bars on lower molars should be placed at the mesiolingual corner of the abutment. This helps prevent the approach portion of the arm from standing out in the floor of the mouth and irritating the tongue. Will this arm work? Probably. There is very little tooth or tissue undercut so the arm may not stand out in the floor of the mouth even though it is positioned further posteriorly than would usually be desired.

Question #200


61

Fill in the blank

The illustrations above show a very large maxillary RPD and a close -up of one of the retentive arms. What type of retentive arms have been used on this prosthesis ?

Oddo hinge clasp

كم يب ػه دز ا انز ضغ ا ز زا انؼم ان ػه ػب أ انز هلل رؼبن ؽكش ا أب نكى أؤي جبذا أ ذ ن دب ب نكى خزشر ا انز ق .. غب زا ان عئهخ ف أ ي لؼ رز

ش د .. ه صم ثأك الل انف خ ب عز ب دسا ػه ع ال ط إل ا ا ي رزك ت نك ذ لش ل فنكى ذ ن يف كم يب ػ ب ش ف ذ ب أث دائ خ انز الغ انؼبن ان دذ ئ ذ ي كبإلػضاء ا ا خ ب نكى ا أللذي خ ج ر ب ان ن ده عئهخ أل ا جذ ز أ جبذا أ ذ ن ذب ف

....

ا خ ئ الر ثبنذفؼخ صي الئ كم صي خ ان ذ ثز أنم كى أ ثؼذ ئر نك أد خ, خ انؼشال جبن ان خ, خ ان جبن ان خ, غؼد خ ان جبن ان عزثبء ي ئ د ار خ أ

ؼب ج صذلبئ أ ," ذب خ " س غ خ انز جبن خ, ان ض بن خ ان جبن ان خ, غس خ ان جبن انة ػش ة ال ط 8ي كى 4 دذ ي أ ق ث فش ض د زا انجهذ انؼض ي ا خ , كم ئ

.... صذلبئ أ ا خ فكهكى ئ

د صفبء صكبس طب ؾجب ف ان ع جب غ يؼزض فش ضبء د انؼه ػه

ض ذ انؼ ذ ي ؼ غج غفش خبنذ ان عى ي ثب بد اني ػ ججبس ذ ؽ سذ بء صا ؾ ذار ػج الء آ ذ انخضي د ف غض ا ؽش الغجش ا يأي

ش ص ى انج ح الب انؼش اثشا بء جشا ال ث ان ج ص عبئذ دبف ط ؾبسح ػجذ انه ث ذ ذ انؼ ذب الء فشدا س ى ا د ذ ػجذ انش د ا ذ ف ػبس

ق طبس ش ذس غذ عك ؾبس ا بو ث د ؼ ابد ك بء لشال ؽف س انز طف ص ف ي خه د ة فشا ل انغشا ش نب ض خ ان ػه ؾشا بو انج سؾب ذ انك ذ ؽخ ي ذ دسا ذ ي انشفبػ ش ؽ خ انشا اصشاء سل بن ذ ن ض انفب ػه د انؼجكش ص صجب اب ايذح ؽ ذ ان اد ثب ج دبب ػجذ ان الء اثشا ػ ع فشا ا س ع ى ي س غ د اث ب ا انز اث ب رد ؽذفب ا شح س ؾب نخ انج عب خ ذ انش ػ س سائذ انذث ا انض ب اد ذا ؽ عخ فبء اس ال شح انج ذ يجذ اي ػ غب ان طش غ ان ف ا طش يبجذ ثبي ؾبي سائذ ان انؼشم ا يش غ د ش ػج ب غ بس ان خ ػ بء ػثبي ع اؼ دغ ع ايهخ ب ال انؼ ى د اد غج غشدب . ذ ان ؽذ رغش خ انشا سا طؼب ذ ان ذ ؾ ي ػ ذ اث ذ ي ن ا صش دذاد س ػب ذ ػثبي ذ يب د كج ذ عسح يجذ سدبل ي ى ش اثشا ؾ ش ث ش ػج غ ر اي ب د ث ضب ركشب ى انم هلل يش ػجذا ذ خضػه د ا جف دا ا بنش سؤطب ب انم د ػه ذاء اث ػجبث ح ػجذانشد اي يش ضش اس طبس ي ب فسح ا عبن صفس بو صهخ س ي ا ة س ب ؾ ان ؾش ث ض جش عبنى انشث انجشا ذا ػجذ انمبدس سصا ثب د اث يإي ط عفبب انؼ


62

WWW.RAINBOW.6OLAB.COM

غز انج ط عبس يجه غ ػ ؽب ذ د انجذا ا ج عصا فش ش أث ؾ ثخ ؾ ذ ان د ا ؽجه س ذ دبس د ش اث صدبنمخ اي م ػب خه عش ا بط دسد ى ػش غب جذ ذ ص ظفش ذ د ا ػشا ايبغخ س . ا دبس عز . ك غشح ػشا . يى ذ اثشا ذ ة ي ؼم ذ ذ ذا .يشا ي . سا ب س صشح س أي ؾم شح س انؼ ؽك خ عه ع د سا ذ يخ ؽ أث ذ ض بسد بس ان ذ ر انفشا ب صكشب دا غجب د انذ اسق ج خ ان ػبيشجشاس سل ش غ الء انؼ الء انضث ا ؽهج اسط ذس س ان غ ان ؽ ن صجب ان ن ض سا ثذس ػه ال خ غب اد ؼ انشث ذ ػه ؽ ػش س ذ انؼش ذ ؾبئش ي ثخ خض س عز . عز اه الء ػ صش ظ انذ دن ن اث ض ب عه صى سيهخ ػب ظ سائذ اث ف سئ ع ط ؾ ثبي غ ه د الل انؼ ظ ألػ ء ا ؾ ف ى انز ش س اثبس نص ح سب يش ص صشح انؼع ذ يخزبس ؽ ي صج ح انؼ ال ص صبد انغبيذ طف ص ي بد

خ صب بس خ س ػ هلل دبس صبنذخ ػجذ ا ء د . ذا ػج م ػ ب ع عخبء ام ا ذ رب ا ض دضح ساث ذاء ػ ى خفبج اثشا

ذ ذ نخ ي ؾ انذ ك خ يبش ان بن ؾ عبسح ان ح انؼه جى فش بنخ اثدح ج الو ف اد ع فبء غه خ ثكش ػ صج سب اث صش ػش بى ذ ػجذ انكش ذ ظ ي م ن خه ذب ذ ج د م ا ػ ب ع ا اثيخ اث ذ

الػضاء ا ا خ ئ ادذ ي غ نى أ ا أر

Documents

Question 1