Quaternary Stratigraphy of Alaska

7/31/2019 Quaternary Stratigraphy of Alaska

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Uxewhyneyt \wyewdbye}adlN`ohnljewxyh dn

Xnbjeldewhg Lhnwyej Eje|ceIt WY@T J. ]HRH

B H @ J @ B D L E J \ X Y V H T ] Y @ F H \ \ D @ N E J ] E ] H Y 1 6 9

X N D W H G \ W E W H \ B @ V H Y N O H N W ] Y D N W D N B @ F F D L H * R E \ A D N B W @ N ; 5428


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XNDWHG \WEWH\ GH]EYWOHNW @F WAH DNWHYD@Y

Y@BHY\ L. I. O@YW@N* \hlyhweyt

BH@J@BDLEJ \XYVHT

V. H. Gdyhlw`y

Jdiyeyt `f L`nbyh|| Lewej`bdnb dn ]xijdlewd`n Gewe

Wy`t Jhrd|*Uxewhyney t |wyewdbye}a dl n`ohnljewxyh dn xnbjeldewhg lhnwyej Eje|ce.

!Bh`j`bdlej \xyvht ]y`fh||d`nej ]e}hy 169$Idijd`bye}at; }. 99/ 97.

\x}w. `f G`l|. N`.; D5. Bh`j`bt* |wyewdbye}adl/Uxewhyneyt. 9. Bh`j`bt* D. Wdwjh. \hydh|; Xndwhg

\wewh| Bh`j`bdlej \xyvht ]y`fh||d}nej ]e}hy 169.

882.


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L@NWHNW\

]ebh]ebh

\wyewdbye}at/L`nwdnxh"

Hve F`yoewd`n ........................................B`jg|wyheo F`yoewd`n ................................

Laewendce E|a Ihg ....................................Hnbdnhhy J`h|| ........................................Rdjihy E|a Ihg........................................Keyvd | E|a IhgRadwh Ydvhy E|a Ihg ///////////// /////////////////////Yhegt Ixjjd`n F`yoewd`n ..............................Lahne Ejjxvdxo ........................................

Yhfhyhnlh| ldwhg

DJJX\WYEWD@N\

]ebh

FDBXYH 5. Dnghq oe} `f he|w/lhnwyej Eje|ce 99. ]a`w`bye}a |a`rdnb j`r ijduxh ed y vdhr j``cdnb |`xwahe|w n hey kxnlwd`n f Hnbdnhhy eng B`jg|wyheo Lyhhc|.

WEIJH\

]ebh

WEIJH 5. Uxewhyneyt |wy ewdbye}adl n`ohnljewxyh f xnbjeldewhg lhnwyej Eje|ce 79. Lahodlej enejt|d| `f v`jlendl e|a wah H|why E|a Ihg* 56 co rh|w `f Fedyienc| 59


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UXEWHYNEYT \WYEWDBYE]ADL N@OHNLJEWXYH* LHNWYEJ EJE\CE

eijh waew e yh e}}jdleijhw`

wah |wyewdbye}adl |huxhnlh\WYEWDBYE]AT

gh|lydihg ahyh* ejj ixw e fhr fyò wah Fedyienc|Waht eyh bdvhn dn weijh 7* eyyenbhg fdy|w it bh`j`bdlf`yoewd n eng wahn it j`lejdwt.

ELCN@RJHGBOHNW\

Wah exwa`y d| dnghiwhg w` GevdgO.A`}cdn|* Ahjhn J.F`|why* eng Jeryhnlh Y. `f wah Bh`j`bdlej \xyvhteng w` Yìhyw C. Ohyydjj f`y e leyhfxj yhvdhr `f wahoenx|lyd}w. Oy. Ohyydjj edghg dn ghwhyodndnb ghwedj| fwah v`jlendl e|a eng }yh}eyewd`n f |òh f wah djjx|w ye/wd`n|. YengejjB. ej|` edghg dn hqeodndnb |òhf wah v`jlendl e|a |eo}jh|* eng Ghi`yeaB. Yìdn|`n

leyhfxjjt aengjhg wah oent ghwedj| `f idijd`bye}at

lò}djewd`n. I`wa Oy|. Yìdn|`n eng Kàn R. Ihjj gh/|hyvh oent waenc| f`y wahdy edg dn wah lò}djewd n f wahweijh dnv`jvdnb yegd`leyi`n gewh|. Ghh} e}}yhldewd`n d|hq}yh||hg w` ohoihy| `f wah |weff f wah \ohjwdnb*Yhfdndnb* eng Odndnb L`.* h|}hldejjt w` Keoh| G.f`yg eng wah jewh Kàn I. Ohwlejfh* f`y l`nwdnxhg l``}/

hyewd`n `vhy wah oent they| `f e||`ldewd`n dn Eje|ce.

LYD]]JH BYEVHJ

Ew jhe|w wr` }jelhy b`jg/iheydnb byevhj f`yoewd`n|eyh hq}`|hg it jeybh/|lejh b`jg/gyhgbdnb `}hyewd`n| dnwah Fedyienc| eyhe. Ejwa`xba |wxgdhg* oe}}hg* engodnhg f y 28 they| y o`yh* wah|h f`yoewd`n| aevh nhvhyihhn f`yoejjt neohg. Wah jghy d|ahyh neohg wah Lyd}/}jh Byevhj !weijh5$fyò hq}`|xyh| n Lyd}}jh Lyhhc58co rh|w `f Fedyienc| !fdb.


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LYD]]JH BYEVHJ

FDBXYH 9./J`r `ijduxh edy vdhr j``cdnb |`xwahe|w nhey kxnlwd`n `f Hnbdnhhy eng B`jg|wyheo Lyhhc|* Fedyienc|. Byevhj gyhgbh wedjdnb|dn f`yhby`xng eng w` jhfw eyh n B`jg|wyheo Lyhhc. |dj w yho`vhg fy o lyhhc/vejjht i`ww`o it atgyexjdl |wyd}}dnb d| hqadidwhg nHnbdnhhy Lyhhc dn odggjh by`xng. !]a`w`bye}a 9757 it Iyegf`yg \h}whoihy 54


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LYD]]JH BYEVHJ

HQ]JENEWD@N

FDBXYH


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6 UXEWHYNEYT \WYEWDBYE]ADL N@OHNLJEWXYH* LHNWYEJ EJE\CE

wa`xba e gd|wenlh f 58 co d| n`w xnl`oo`n !]ydngjheng Cew{* 545


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WENENE F@YOEWD@N

byevhj fyebohnw| eyh 9/58 lo dn gdeohwhy* rdwa lìijh|

98 lo `y jeybhy n`w xnlòo`n dn lhywedn eyhe|. Wahlò}`|dwd`n f wah exydfhy`x| byevhj ae| ihhn gh|lydihgdn ghwedj !]ydngjh* 54=6* 545


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1 UXEWHYNEYT \WYEWDBYE]ADL N@OHNLJEWXYH* EJE\CE

}jewt fyebohnw| eyh ydhnwhg }eyejjhj w` wah |xyfelh engbdvh hvdghnlh `f wyen|}`ywewd`n |a`yw gd|wenlh|g`rn|j`}h.

Wah lò}`|dwd`n f wah Wenene veydh| gh}hngdnb n

wah j`lej ihgy`lc eng oet yenbh fyò byx| w` byhe|tljet w` wah o`|w l oo`n wt}h* }jewt y`lc fyebohnw| dn e|djwt oewydq. \}hldej y`lc wt}h| oet* dn oent }jelh|* ihwyelhg w` wahdy ihgy`lc |`xylh. Odn`y eo`xnw|f b`jg eyh j`lejjt }yh|hnw.Wah f`yoewd`n d| 5/98 o wadlc3 wah byhewh|w wadlc/

nh||h| `llxy e w wah ie|h f |j`}h|. E wadlcnh|| f 98 ore| ohe|xyhg ew wah rh|w |dgh f wah o`xwa f HnbdnhhyLyhhc vejjht I. Ohwlejfh eng Yej}a Wxlc* xn}xi.yh}w.* eng wah |xyfelh f wah gh}`|dw d| yh}`ywhg wàevh e revhjdch l`nfdbxyewd`n.

Dn oxjwd}jh hq}`|xyh| `n wah j`rhy leo}x| f wahXndvhy|dwt `f Eje|ce fdb. 5/8$ !fdb. 8$ eng

nhey \aer Lyhhc Fjew| fdb. 7/99$* hqlhj/jhnw dlh/rhgbh le|w| f |eng llxy dn wah WeneneF`yoewd`n. Hq}`|xyh| ew wah Xndvhy|dwt f Eje|ce |a`r

wr` |`jdfjxlwd`n jethy| `f heyjt `y odggjh ]jhd|w`lhnhebh3 i`wa eyh jxo}hg dnw` wah Wenene F`yoewd`n. Fx/wx yh r`yc oet |a`r nhhg w` |h}eyewh waho.

N` fj ye y fexne eyh cn`rn fyò wah Wenene F`yoe/wd`n. Wah |`jdfjxlwd`n gh}`|dw| `ydbdnewhg dn jeybh }eywfyò lxwwdnb `f ejwd}jenewd`n whyyelh| !fdb. 7$

ihf`yh Djjdn`den j`h|| re| gh}`|dwhg. Ihlex|h wahWenene F`yoewd`n xnghyjdh| Djjdn`den eng }yh/Djjdn`dengh}`|dw| eng* hj|hrahyh* byegh| dnw` wah heyjt y odggjh]jhd|w`lhnh F`q F`yoewd`n dn vejjht dw d| ej|`wa`xbaw w` ih heyjt `y odggjh ]jhd|w`lhnh dn ebh.

Wah Wenene F`yoewd`n `vhyjdh| ihgy`lc eng xnghy/jdh| j`h|| eng yhwyen|}`ywhg j`h|| `f eng

ebh|3 dw d| dy`n |wednhg dn o`|w }jelh|. Dw d| n`ww` ih l`nfx|hg rdwa }`g| f enbxjey y`lc fyebohnw| eng|eng wae w `llxy j`lejjt e w lyhhc kxnlwd`n| dn wah|wyheo F`yoewd`n* n`y rdwa t`xnbhy |`jdfjxlwd`n gh/}`|dw| ew adba ejwdwxgh| dn wah Txc`n/Wenene X}jengwaew rhyh f`yohg gxydnb jewhy l`jg }hyd`g| `y oet ih

o`xng*

f`yodnb w`get eng eyh n`w vhyjedn it j`h|| f Djjdn`denebh `y `jghy.

GER\@N LXW F@YOEWD@N

E |djw ydla dn }jenw oewhydej d| ahyhneohg wah Ger|`n Lxw F`yoewd`n f`y dw| hq}`|xyh dnwah Ger| n Lxw }jelhy odnh 5= co n`ywa f Fedyienc|.Wah rydwhy ae| dnf`yoejjt x|hg wah whyo Ger|`n oxlcf`y wad| oe}}eijh xndw |dnlh wah jewh f`ywdh|3 wah whyoGer|`n F`yoewd`n d| }yhho}whg* eng |` d w ahyh d| f`y/oejjt neohg wah Ger| n Lxw F`yoewd`n.

Wah f`yoewd`n ly`}| `xw ew wah ie|h `f odndnb hq}`/|xyh| dn vejjht i`wwò| `n Hve Lyhhc !fdb. 6$5489* fdb. Hnbdnhhy Lyhhc* Ger|`n Lxw* \ahh}Lyhhc* eng Yhegt Ixjjd`n ihnla lxw eng d| }hyhnndejjtfy`{hn. Dw ej|` ae| ihhn whnwewdvhjt dghnwdfdhg fyò odn/

dnb hq}`|xyh| nhey Jdvhnb``g. Dw g`h| n`w ly`} `xw `nwah |xyfelh3 dw| |}ewdej yhjewd`n| eyh |a`rn gdebyeo/oewdlejjt dn fdbxyh 7.

Wah wt}h |hlwd`n d| gh|dbnewhg wah n`ywahe|w rejj f

wah Ger|`n Lxw }jelhy odnh* \R 6* W.5N.* Y.5R.* Fedyienc| G/9 uxegyenbjh* `n wa h ydbaw jdodw fHnbdnhhy Lyhhc nhey dw| kxnlwd`n rdwa B`jg|wyheoLyhhc 5= co n`ywa `f Fedyienc|. Ew wad| j`lejdwt wahGer| n Lxw F`yoewd`n d|5o wadlc eng d| xnghyjedn itwah Lyd}}jh Byevhj eng vhyjedn it wah B jg Adjj J h||.

Wah Ger|`n Lxw F`yoewd`n l`n|d|w| `f }hew jhn|h|*j`b|* eng f`yh|w ihg| dn e geyc byet w` ijelc !rahnfy`{hn$ |djw* ydla dn odnxwh leyi`nd{hg }jenw fyebohnw|.

Rahn gydhg* wah |djw d| jdbaw byet w` wen. Wah |djw d| rhjj|`ywhg eng }yìeijt d| dn }eyw yhr`ychg j`h|| eng |`dj.\òh fdnh enbxjey byevhj ghydvhg fyò wah xnghyjtdnbF`q F`yoewd`n `llxy| dn wadn jethy| eng jhn|h| e fhr

lhnwdohwyh| wadlc. Wah byevhj eng |òh ie|ej |djw eyhlhohnwhg it en dy`n `qdgh lò}`xng.Wah Ger|`n Lxw F`yoewd`n `vhyjdh| wah F`q Byevhj

dn vejjht i`wwò|. Dw d| vhyjedn dn o`|w j`lejdwdh| it wahB jg Adjj J`h||3 a`rhvhy* n wah he|w rejj f Hve Lyhhcwah j`h|| ae| ihhn yho`vhg eng wah B`jg|wyheo

ENG VHYWDLEJ \LEJH

FDBXYH 8./Wenene F`yoewd`n* e |`jdfjxlwd`n gh}`|dw* eng dlh/rhgbh le|w| `f |eng hq}`|hg dn hqlevewd`n f y Gxlchydnb Ixdjgdnb* Xndvhy/|dwt `f Eje|ce* Fedyienc| !gyern it J. eng Y. G.


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FEDYIENC\ J@H\\

Wah Fedyienc| J`h||* neohg it f`y wahldwt `f Fedyienc|* d| wah o`|w rdgh|}yheg gh}`|dw `fUxewhyneyt ebh dn lhnwyej Eje|ce. Wah j`h|| ijenchw|wah adjj| `f lhnwyej Eje|ce* h|}hldejjt ihj`r wah hjhve /wd`n `f o. Wah whyo Fedyienc| J`h|| re| ghfdnhg w`

dnljxgh ejj j`h|| n adjjw`}| eng x}}hy adjj|j`}h| !fdb. 7$!bhnhyejjt n`w }hyhnndejjt fy`{hn$. Rahn wyelhg jewhy/ejjt w` j`rhy |j`}h| eng vejjht i`ww`o|* wah j`h|| len ihgdvdghg dnw` wah B jg Adjj J`h|| !Djjdn`den$* wah

}`ywhg |djw f wah B`jg|wyheo F`yoewd`n !Rd|l`n|dnen$*eng wah Hnbdnhhy J`h|| !A j`lhnh$. Wahdy |}ewdej yhje/wd`n| eyh |a`rn gdebyeooewdlejjt dn fdbxyh 7. B``ghq}`|xyh| eyh nxohy`x| dn y`eglxw|* odndnb lxw|* enguxeyydh| dn lhnwyej Eje|ce* h|}hldejjt nhey Fedyienc|

N` wt}h j`lejdwt ae| }yhvd`x|jt ihhn gh|dbnewhg f`ywah Fedyienc| J`h||* ejwa`xba dw re| ohnwd`nhg

waew hqlhjjhnw hq}`|xyh| `llxy dn wah }jelhy hq/levewd`n| nhey Fedyienc|* h|}hldejjt `n B`jg Adjj eng

)H|why D|jeng) !fdb.


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B@JG ADJJ J@H\\


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E radwh yewahy by dwwt adbajt vdwydl e|a* wah H|why E|aIhg* d| hq}`|hg nhey wah ie|h `f wah B`jg Adjj J`h|| dnoent hq}`|xyh|. Wah Gòh E|a Ihg d| e xiduxdw`x|wadn radwh e|a ihg wae w ly`}| xw nhey wah w`} f wah B jgAdjj J`h|| !fdb. 7$ eng d| f`jghg `y fexjwhg rahyhvhyhq}`|hg !fdb|. 6* 2$.

Wah }hyhnndejjt fy`{hn fyh|ajt hq}`|hg B`jg AdjjJ`h|| d| hdwahy iy`rn `y byhhn. Wah x}}hy }eyw `f wahf`yoewd`n waew gdyhlwjt xnghyjdh| wah Hve `y B`jg/|wyheo F`yoewd`n| d| byhhn ihlex|h f yhgxlwd`n f wahfhyydl dy`n w` fhyy`x| dy`n. Wah byhhn feldh| d| wadlch|w dnvejjht i`wwò| eng yenbh| fyò5 w` 9= o dn wadlcnh||.Rhewahydnb eng waerdnb wx yn wah j`h|| wen . Wah B jgAdjj J`h|| jdh| xnl`nf yoeijt vhy wah }yh/Uxewhyneytihgy`lc* Lyd}}jh F`yoewd`n* F`q F`yoewd`n* WeneneF`yoewd`n* eng* hj|hrahyh* w ah Ger| n Lxw F`yoewd`n.Dw d| xnl`nf`yoeijt `vhyjedn it wah Hve eng B`jg/|wyheo F`yoewd`n| f eng Rd|l`n|dnen ebh*yh|}hlwdvhjt !fdb. 6$.

Wah fj`ye `f wah j`h|| re| yh}`ywhg it !54893

5428$. Ohbef`||dj| eyh yeyh `y ei|hnw* eng wr` |oejj}`jjhn |wxgdh| !]grh* 5428$ dngdlewh e byhewjt yhgxlhgwyhh l`vhy eng 78=/6== o `f gy`} dn wyhh jdnh. Oeooejyhoedn| eyh lòo`n* oednjt `f a`y|h* oeoo`wa* engid|`n. Vhywhiyewh f`||dj| dn wah B`jg Adjj J`h|| |x}}`ywwah dghe wae w oent weqe rhyh }yh|hnw dn N`ywa Eohydleheyjd hy waen }yhvd x|jt yhl`bnd{hg. Bxwaydh yh/}`ywhg n wah |oejj oeooej| dn wa d| xndw. Wah yhoedn|`f ejj cn`rn oeooej| dn wah B`jg Adjj J`h|| rhyh|xooeyd{hg it eng A`}cdn| !5462$ eng ]grh!5428$.

Wah B`jg Adjj J`h|| jdh| ihwrhhn wr` f`yh|w ihg|f`yohg gxydnb dnwhybjeldewd`n|. Wah j`h|| yhl`yg| en

dnwhyvhndnb j`nb }hyd`g f ydb`y`x| bjeldej ljdoewh rdwayh|wydlwhg f`yh|w l`vhy. Wah x}}hy f`yh|w ihg ae| ihhngewhg e| jghy waen 82*=== they| jg !Oewwahr|*eng wahyhf`yh wah B`jg Adjj J`h|| d| wa`xbaw w` ihjdn`den dn ebh.

H\WHY E\A IHG

Wah H|why E|a Ihg `llxy| rdwadn wah ie|h `f wahFedyienc| J`h|| eng d| wah jgh|w eng wadlch|w e|a jethyyhl`bnd{hg dn lhnwyej Eje|ce. Dw re| fdy|w gh|lydihg it]grh !5489* }. 74/89* 88$ eng dnf`yoejjt whyohg wahH|why e|a jethy fyò nheyit H|why Lyhhc. Jewhy wahneoh re| f`yoejd{hg w` wah H|why E|a Ihg* eng wah xndwre| gh|lydihg dn o`yh ghwedj }. 25


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G@OH E\A IHG 5


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57 UXEWHYNEYT \WYEWDBYE]ADL N@OHNLJEWXYH* LHNWYEJ EJE\CE

wah Gòh E|a Ihg fyò hq}`|xyh| dn Gòh Lyhhc odn/dnb lxw. Wah wt}h j`lejdwt d| dn Gòh Lyhhc odndnb lxw dnwah 8* W. 9 N.* Y.5H.* Jdvhnb``g E/9 uxeg/yenbjh* rahyh wah e|a d| 5 lo wadlc.

Ejj odndnb lxw| dn wah Fedyienc| eyhe gd|}jet b``ghq}`|xyh| f wah e|a n fyh|a felh|* eng dn ejj hq}`|xyh|wah e|a jethy d| ghf`yohg eng j`lejjt `vhyjednxnl`nf`yoeijt it hdwahy wah Hve `y B`jg|wyheo

F`yoewd`n| !fdb|. Wah B`jg Adjj J`h|| eng wah e|aihg aevh laeyelwhyd|wdlejjt ihhn gd|wxyihg it ij`lc|jxo}dnb !fdb. 2$ y |`jdfjxlwd`n fdb|.dn ejj hq}`|xyh|.

Wah Gòh E|a Ihg d| e radwh vdwydl e|a* eng wahyhfyelwdvh dnghq `f wah bje|| d| 5.852 !Y. B.rydwwhn lòoxn.* 5425$. Dw yenbh| 5 w` 5= lo dnwadlcnh|| eng d| }yh|hnw dn ejj hq}`|xyh| f wah x}}hy}eyw `f wah B`jg Adjj J`h||. Dn `nh j`lejdwt !Hve Lyhhcodndnb lxw$ wah e|a ihg ellxoxjewhg dn e )}`lchw)5odn gdeohwhy. Wah Gòh d| yh|wydlwhg w` wah w`} `f wahB`jg Adjj J`h|| eng d| wahyhf`yh wa`xbaw w` ih jewh

Djjdn`den dn ebh.Dw d| ejo`|w do}`||dijh w` whjj wah gdffhyhnlh dn wah fdhjg

ihwrhhn wah gdffhyhnw e|a ihg| f lhnwyej Eje|ce* hqlh}wit |wyewdbye}adl }`|dwd`n. Wah H|why eng Gòh E|a Ihg|eyh i`wa dn j`h||* ixw wah H|why E|a Ihg d| wadlchy engn`w e| ghf`yohg e| wah Gòh E|a Ihg. Wah LaewendceE|a Ihg d| n`w dn j`h|| ixw dn ihgghg `ybendl |djw. WahA`j lhnh e|a ihg| eyh ejj dn j`h|| eng nhey wah }yh|hnw|xyfelh. Wah e|ah| aevh ihhn |wxgdhg l`n|dghyeijt* ixw`ygdneyt lahodlej enejt|d| g`h| n`w |h}eyewh n`yg`h| e |wxgt `f ixiijh lxyvewxyh. Dngdlh| `f yhfyelwd`ngdffhy |jdbawjt f`y ejj ixw wah Gòh eng H|why E|a Ihg|.Ghwedjhg |wxgdh| eyh n`r xnghyret w` dnvh|wdbewh wah

lahodlej lò}`|dwd`n `f wah bje|| it odly`}yìhenejt|h|.HVE F@YOEWD@N

Wah Hve F`yoewd`n d| ahyh neohg fyò Hve Lyhhc* 56co rh|w `f Fedyienc|* rahyh dw d| hq}`|hg dn e }jelhyodndnb lxw 5428$ !fdb. 6$. Dn ejj wah odndnb/

lxw hq}`|xyh| dn wah Fedyienc| eyhe* wah B jg Adjj J h||d| |h}eyewhg fyò wah B`jg|wyheo F`yoewd`n it e }``yjtw` rhjj f`yohg w`}`bye}adl ihnla. Ew Hve Lyhhc* Ger/|`n Lxw* B`jg Adjj* eng hj|hrahyh* wah ihnla d| }yòd/nhnw ihlex|h f wah }yh|hnlh f e f`yh|w jethy rdwa y``whgeng xny``whg |wxo}| !Oewwahr|* 5461* fdb. 9*542=* fdb.83 Bxwaydh* fdb. 93 5428* fdb.


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B@JG\WYHEOF@YOEWD@N 58

Wah B`jg|wyheo F`yoewd`n d| 58 o wadlc ahyh. Hq}`/|xyh| f wah fy`{hn* dlh/ydla |djw rdwa eixngenw vhbhwe/wd`n aevh ihhn l`oo`n ahyh f`y oent they|. Weihy!547


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HNBDNHHY J@H\\ 52

yhl`yg oewhydej jghy waen 5=*=== they|* eng oentgewh| eyh jghy waen


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YHEGT IXJJD@N F@YOEWD@N 54

Wah Keyvd| E|a Ihg d| e radwh vdwydl e|a 9/5= oowadlc. Wah bje|| ae| en dnghq f yhfyelwd`n f B.

rydwwhn lòoxn.* 5425$. Wah |`xylh f wah e|ad| xncn`rn* ixw oet ih fyò wah Ryenbhjj O`xnwedn|96= co w` wah |`xwa.

Ew wah wt}h |hlwd`n e yegd`leyi`n gewh `f

they| re| ìwednhg `n r``g 92 lo ihj`r wahKeyvd| E|a Ihg. E gewh `f they|re| ìwednhg `n r` g e fhr odjjdohwyh| ei`vh wah e|aihg 5461$. Wah|h gewh wah Keyvd| E|a Ihg e|A`j`lhnh.

RADWH YDVHY E\A IHG

Wah Radwh Ydvhy E|a Ihg jdh| rdwadn eng nhey wah w`}

`f wah Hnbdnhhy J`h||. Dw `llxy| dn he|w/lhnwyej Eje|ceeng d| rdgh|}yheg dn wah egkelhnw Txc`n Whyydw`yt `fLenege. Dw ae| ihhn cn`rn f y oent they|* eng wah fdy|w}xijd|ahg ohnwd`n f wah e|a re| it \larewcera` ì|hyvhg dw ej`nb wah ienc| `f wah Jhrd| Ydvhy dn511


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FDBXYH oe} `f Radwh Ydvhy E|a Ihg !fy`o eng `wahy|* 5461* fdb. 9$.

vejjht i`ww`o| eng j`rhy |j`}h|. wah YhegtIxjjd n F`yoewd`n byegh| dnw` wah Hnbdnhhy J`h||. Dw|

|}ewdej yhjewd`n| eyh |a`rn gdebyeooewdlejjt dn fdbxyh7.

Wah Yhegt Ixjjd`n F`yoewd`n l`n|d|w| f }hyhnndejjt

fy`{hn yhwyen|}`ywhg j`h|| wae w ae| ellxoxjewhg odnxwhleyi`nd{hg }jenw fyebohnw|* }hew jhn|h|* |wdlc|* eng

eixngenw j`b| eng y` whg |wxo}|. Wah |djw d | }``yjt w`

rhjj |wyewdfdhg eng ihj`r e gh}wa f ei`xw 5o d| }hyhn/

ndejjt fy`{hn. N` jeybh f`jdewhg dlh oe||h| llxy3 njt dlh|heo| eng jhn|h| jh|| wae n5lo wadlc eyh }yh|hnw. Yeyh

ljhey/dlh oe||h| f yhlhnw `ydbdn oet ih }yh|hnw !fdb.6$.

!\hh 5489* fdb. 88.$ Wah |d jw d| byet w` ijelc rahnfy`{hn eng wen rahn waerhg. J`lejjt* h|}hldejjt nhey

kxnlwd`n| rdwa wydixweyt gyednebh jdnh|* jethy| engjhn|h| `f |engt enbxjey byevhj o wadlc `llxy.

Wah f`yoewd`n d| 5/5= o wadlc dn wah lhnwhy `f wah

vejjht| 5489* }. 5713 Weihy* 547


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Documents

Quaternary Stratigraphy of Alaska