Quarters One the United States Army Chief of Staff's Residence

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The United States Army Chief of Staff’s Residence

Fort Myer, Virginia

QUARTERS ONE



FRONT COVER"Quarters One"

An original watercolor bySusan Mountcastle

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

[new--to be added]

First Printed 1981—CMH Pub 70-22



Center o Military HistoryUnited States Army

Washington, D.C., 2005

QUARTERS ONEThe United States Army Chie o Sta ’s Residence

Fort Myer, Virginia

by

William Gardner Bell



2

New Portrait



[new--to be added]

PETER J. SCHOOMAKERChief of Staff, Army

Foreword



PrefaceAlthough Quarters One was built more than eighty years ago, in historic sur-

roundings and with historic connections, it has had little attention. This lack oattention is surprising when one considers the line o succession o quarters resi-dents; some o the United States Army’s, indeed America’s, leading amilies havelived in this house which, since 1908, has been the Chie o Sta ’s home. The o -cers have played leading roles in national as well as military li e, in peace and war.One became President o the United States.

The purpose o this booklet is to sketch the history o the building, trace thehuman spirit that trans ormed the house into a home, and acknowledge the build-ing’s distinction as an o cial mansion. Because o an imbalance in the availabilityo in ormation and o appropriate photographs, it was not possible to treat resi-dents in depth or in a uni orm way. Yet that was neither necessary nor desirable,

or the building is the centerpiece o the presentation.Arline Weyand, Quarters One’s hostess rom October 197 to September 1976when her husband, General Frederick C. Weyand, was the Army’s Chie o Sta ,deserves special mention where the history o the house is concerned. Sensitive tothe building’s unique status and interested in the experiences o other residents,Mrs. Weyand wrote to a number o the ladies who had lived in or visited Quar-ters One to ask or their recollections and, where available, some pictures. Manyresponded, and Mrs. Weyand assembled their materials into a starter archives onthe quarters.

Bits and pieces o the Quarters One story reside in engineer les and in pub-lished autobiographical or biographical accounts o the building’s o cer tenants.

Un ortunately, the coverage is little more that that; bits and pieces. What is lackingis the woman’s view, the story rom the center o quarters li e, the intimate de-tail that is seen and experienced only by a hostess—wi e, mother, daughter. Mrs.Weyand’s collection lls the void only in part. It is regrettable that published dia-ries by Army wives are ew, and o li e in Quarters One almost nonexistent. OnlyKatherine Tupper Marshall, a Quarters One hostess, has provided, in her book,Together: Annals of an Army Wife, a relatively sustained account o li e in the grandold building.

Despite en orced disparities, textual and graphic, in the approach to amilycoverage in this booklet, the variety represented in the vignettes contributes, in theend, to a rounded story on Quarters One and a ascinating look at a unique phase

o Army li e.Washington, D.C. WILLIAM GARDNER BELL1981



5

PageForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .National Historic Landmark Designation. . . . . . . . . .The De enses o Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fort Whipple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fort Myer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The Heritage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Quarters One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

J. Franklin Bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Leonard Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hugh L. Scott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Peyton C. March . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John L. Hines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Charles P. Summerall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D o u g l a s M a c A r t h u r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Malin Craig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .General Scenes, 1908–19 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .George C. Marshall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dwight D. Eisenhower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Omar N. Bradley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Matthew B. Ridgway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Quarters One: The Public Rooms and

PageMaxwell D. Taylor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Lyman L. Lemnitzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .George H. Decker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Earle G. Wheeler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .General Scenes, 19 6–197 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Harold K. Johnson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .William C. Westmoreland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creighton W. Abrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fred C. Weyand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bernard W. Rogers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Edward C. Meyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

John A. Wickham, Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Carl E. Vuono. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Gordon R. Sullivan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dennis J. Reimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Eric K. Shinseki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Peter J. Schoomaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .General Scenes, 197 –2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Army Chie s o Sta and Their Wives. . . . . . . . . . . . .Suggested Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The Army Historical Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Contents

(Will edit Final Version)



6

The Defense of Washington

As the nation’s rst commanding generaland rst president, George Washingtonhad a natural instinct for protecting thecapital. Although he had moved into re-

tirement after completing his second term as thecountry’s chief executive, his deection from themainstream of events was short-lived. In 1798, asFrench and British contentions reached out to theNew World and the prospect of war with Franceloomed, President John Adams recalled Washing-ton to active service as commander in chief of “allthe armies raised or to be raised for the service ofthe United States.”

Washington was sure that it would be thepolicy of the country “to create such a navy aswill protect our commerce from the insults anddepredations to which it has been Subjected oflate,” and equally certain that “no place eithernorth or south of [Washington] can be more effec-tively secured against the attack of an Enemy.”

War with France slipped by, along with theopportunity to test, in his lifetime, Washington’stheory as to the capital city’s invulnerability toenemy mischief. Washington did not live to seehis namesake city attacked in 1814 bb Britishtroops who left the ofcial buildings in smoking

ruins, or see British ships sail past his home andthe key defensive work of Fort Washington, toplunder Alexandria and drop safely back downthe Potomac river. It would take more than ad-vantageous terrain to protect the city.

Those who would have used the disaster asan excuse to relocate the capital were doomed todisappointment. Congress rejected a bill for re-moval, rebuilding was started, and Washington“rose like the phoenix from the ames.”

“With respect to security against at-tacks of an Enemy, no place can haveadvantages superior to the federal Cityand Alexandria. Should proper works beerected . . . at the junction of the Potomac

and Piscataqua creek, it would not be inthe power of all the navies in Europe to pass that place, and be afterward in a sit-uation to do mischief above . . . .” Thuswrote George Washington in September1798 as the new capital city took shape.

“The people of Virginia have . . . allowedthis giant insurrection to make its nestwithin her borders, and this governmenthas no choice but to deal with it where it nds it.” At 2 a.m. on 23 May 1861, theday after Virginia ratied her ordinanceof secession, President Lincoln sent fed-eral troops across the Potomac River to fortify the hills and ridges overlookingthe capital city from the South.



7

F our and a half decades passed before thenation’s capital became vulnerable onceagain to the aggression of an enemy, andthis time the threat proved to be internal

rather than external. The slavery issue had divid-ed the North and South, the southern states hadseceded from the Union, Fort Sumter had surren-dered to Confederate forces, and President Abra-ham Lincoln, within six weeks of his inaugura-tion on 4 March 1861, had issued a proclamationdeclaring the southern states in insurrection.

As the contending governments mobilizedtheir forces and developed their operationalplans, Lincoln looked out upon an almost unde-fended capital city, boxed in by the Confederate

state of Virginia just across the Potomac River tothe south and the border state of Maryland withits Southern sympathizers to the north. Awareof the potent propaganda coup that capture ofthe Union capital would deliver to the enemy,Lincoln issued orders for mobilizing troop unitsto garrison the city, then moved to occupy Ar-lington Heights across the Potomac River beforeConfederate forces could seize the dominatingterrain and bring the federal city within range oftheir guns.

The Union defeat at Bull Run in July 1861disabused those who thought the rebellion could be put down overnight, revealed how vulnerablethe capital really was, and demonstrated the needfor more permanent defenses around Washing-ton’s perimeter. A presidential commission metto plan the work, and, step-by-step, a cordon offortications was constructed to protect the fed-eral city. The South, with mobilization problemsof its own, sacriced a golden opportunity.



8

Fort Whipple and Fort Myer

Asharp escalation in the intensity andscope of the war, the increasing proxim-ity of regional actions, and a respect forthe abilities of enemy leaders like Rob-

ert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson lent credence tothe threat to the Union capital. In October 1862,at President Lincoln’s behest, Secretary of WarEdwin M. Stanton appointed a commission tolook into “the efciency of the present systemof defense for the city.” The commission recom-mended that the defensive cordon already inplace be strengthened with “a work on the spur

behind Forts Cass and Tillinghast, which shallsee into the gorges of these works, give an im-portant re upon the high ground in front of theline, and ank that line from Fort Woodbury toFort DeKalb.”

Construction of this main work on ArlingtonHeights, overlooking Washington and George-town to the north and the undulating Virginiacountryside to the south, was begun in the springof 1863. It received its ofcial name, Fort Whip-ple, on 12 June, and its rst occupants were artil-lery and infantry units.

If Fort Whipple were placed on the landwithin present-day Fort Myer, its outline would

extend roughly along a line originating at Quar-ters Thirteen and project to the corner of Grantand Jackson Avenues, across to Quarters Six,thence to Wainwright Hall skirting Quarters One,and nally back to Quarters Thirteen to completethe redoubt.

Fort Whipple’s defenses were never tested.That distinction fell to Fort Stevens on the north-ern perimeter, where General Jubal Early’s attackin July 1864 was repulsed as President Lincolnlooked on from the parapet.

Fort Whipple, an earth and wood fortication whose engineer design plan isshown above, was constructed in 1863 on Arlington Heights northwest of theLee Mansion and within the present Fort Myer. In the scene below, the Unionartillery garrison stands to its guns.



9

S everal years passed before any perma-nent type of construction supplantedFort Whipple’s earthworks, tentage,and rst generation frame structures.

Then, more time elapsed before a name change brought the military installation into its mod-ern conguration as Fort Myer. By the late 1860sthe Signal Corps had taken over the site, and by1872 new construction had added a hospital, bar-racks, kitchen, and guardhouse. A pair of one-story buildings, in use as quarters for students being trained in meteorological observation, alsocontained storerooms and ofces. The buildings,identied in contemporary documentation as“ofcer quarters,” were considered to be “old

and unt for the purpose.” A peacetime view-point appeared to have set in.Year by year, as funds were appropriated for

construction and utilization was expanded, thepost’s future became increasingly secure. In thedecades of the seventies, eighties, and nineties,the physical plant was enlarged and complex landproblems were ironed out. On 4 February 1881,Fort Whipple was renamed Fort Myer, primarilyto honor the late General Myer but also to elimi-nate confusion raised by the existence of a second

Fort Whipple in Arizona.Any doubt about Fort Myer’s prospects

evaporated when, on 4 February 1902, a board ofofcers, convened to consider and report on thelocation and distribution of military installationsthroughout the United States, recommended thatFort Myer, Virginia, be retained as a permanentpost.

Given its location, associations, and use, thedecision could not have gone any other way. FortMyer was destined to be the capital’s anchor post.

Brevet Major General Amiel WeeksWhipple, U.S. Military Academy,1841, served on the frontier before theCivil War, commanded elements of theWashington defense forces, and was a

division commander at Fredericksburgand Chancellorsville. Mortally wound-ed in the latter battle, he died at Wash-ington on 7 May 1863. Fort Whipple,completed in June, was named in hishonor.

Brigadier General Albert James Myerentered the Army in 1854 as an assis-tant surgeon. He turned to communi-cations and meteorology, and under hisleadership the foundations of the SignalCorps and Weather Bureau were laid. He was the Army’s rst Chief SignalOfcer, and from 1869 to 1880 com-manded the Signal School and FortWhipple. The post was renamed in hishonor after his death in 1880.



10

The Heritage and the Activities

uarters One, Fort Myer, and Arling-ton Cemetery occupy land that waspart of a tract of almost 1,100 acrespurchased by John Parke Custis, theonly son of Martha Washington by

her rst marriage. He was raised at Mount Ver-non, married, and died while serving as GeneralWashington’s aide at Yorktown. Two of Custis’children—George Washington Parke and Elea-nor—were raised by the Washingtons, and aftertheir deaths, George Washington Parke movedto the Arlington estate and began to constructArlington House. He married, and a daughter,Mary Anna Randolph Custis, the only one offour children to survive, grew up on the estate.

In 1831 she married Lieutenant Robert E. Lee,and they resided at Arlington House when Armyduty permitted their presence at home.

As the nation divided and the Lees casttheir allegiance with the South, the governmentplaced troops on Arlington Heights, levied a taxon the property, and, upon default by the absen-tee owners, purchased the estate at public salefor $26,800. In June 1864 Secretary of War Stantondesignated Arlington House and 200 surround-ing acres as a national cemetery, and in July 1872Secretary of War Belknap designated all that partof the estate outside the cemetery walls as themilitary reservation of Fort Whipple.

Mrs. Lee’s parents died in the 1870s, leavingthe estate to her. She, in turn, willed the propertyto her son, Custis, who, upon her death, sued thegovernment successfully for its 1864 actions in acase that proceeded all the way to the SupremeCourt. In 1883 Custis Lee relinquished his title tothe property for the sum of $150,000.

Thus, the modern outlines took shape.

The Custis-Lee Mansion is a centerpiece on Arlington Heights.

Fort Myer’s garrison guards the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

Q



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F or about ve years following its redes-ignation as Fort Myer, the post was gar-risoned by Signal Corps troops and itscommunications mission continued.

Then in 1887, with General Philip H. Sheridanin the senior uniformed ofcer chair, Fort Myerwas designated a cavalry post, and from thenuntil 1942 some of the Army’s most celebratedmounted regiments formed the garrison. Horse-manship was a central activity, especially in theperiod between the World Wars, when the Armyhad a leading role in Olympic equestrian activi-ties.

Fort Myer was also the site for the earliestdevelopments in the eld of Army aviation. TheWright brothers had contracted with the SignalCorps to build a biplane and instruct two op-erators in its use. On 9 September 1908, OrvilleWright made fty-seven complete circles overthe drill eld. A crash on 17 September, in whichLieutenant Thomas E. Selfridge was fatally in-

jured, was only a temporary setback, and mili-tary acceptance followed in 1909.

The year of that rst test ight at Fort Myerwas also the year when Quarters One on OfcersRow became the designated ofcial residence of

the Army’s Chief of Staff. As an established postwith easy access to Army headquarters, initiallyin the District of Columbia and later in the Penta-gon on the Virginia side of the Potomac River, FortMyer has been home for a number of the highest-ranking ofcers of the Department of Defense.Since 1948, elements of the 3d Infantry, comple-mented by the U.S. Army Band, have formed thepost garrison. Together they comprise the formalmilitary elements for the impressive ceremoniesso traditional with the nation’s capital.

Orville Wright demonstrated his plane at Fort Myer in 1908.

As a cavalry post, Fort Myer witnessed the best in equestrian skill.



12

Quarters One

Exterior view of Quarters One, March 1954, then home of General and Mrs. Matthew Ridgeway.



1

To the Official Rooms for Entertainment . . .

A Victoria-style red brick house, built onFort Myer’s ridge, Quarters One wascompleted on 27 May 1899, 8 years al-most to the day a ter Abraham Lincoln

sent Union troops across the Potomac River to

occupy Arlington Heights. Set on a stone oun-dation and topped by a slate roo , the house was

built by the Quartermaster Corps according toPlan 95, a model still to be seen at a number othe older and more permanent posts. The 0-by-5 oot structure cost $18, 71, a modest gure bytoday’s standard. There were shutters at the win-dows and the porches were screened. The mainfoor had a living room, dining room, kitchen,hallway, and one bedroom.

The building was intended to be the resi-dence o the post commander. As Fort Myer had a

ull dozen o that o cial between 1899 and 190 ,it is di cult to determine which o them occu-pied the quarters during that period. From 190to 1908, however, it was home or Major GeneralCharles F. Humphrey, the Quartermaster Generalo the Army. Upon his departure, Major Generaland Mrs. J. Franklin Bell moved in. He had beenappointed Chie o Sta in 1906, the ourth o -

cer to hold the title a ter its inception in 190 .

His three predecessors—Generals Samuel B. M.Young, Adna R. Cha ee, and John C. Bates—hadall lived o post in the Washington area, as hadGeneral and Mrs. Bell during his rst two yearsas the Army’s senior uni ormed o cer. Some, but

by no means all, o these o cers owned perma-nent amily residences in the city o Washington,use ul as a base o operations in light o the pe-riodic rotation in assignments and the almost in-evitable return or duty at the capital.

Today's Quarters One, August 2005



1

Rooms of Quarters One

Library

Foyer

Sun Porch



15

Living Room, and sitting room areas



16

Dining Room



17

Guest Room

The Bob Hope Room, the bestview of Washington, D.C. a favorite place for most guests.This painting (Inset) titled:Bob Hope entertainingtroops somewhere in Eng-land still hangs in this room



18

J. Franklin Bell (1906—1910)

During his rst two years in Washington,General Bell lived in an apartment. He and hiswife Betsy, he informed Mrs. William HowardTaft, “both disliked to live in a hotel or apartmenthouse.” One may imagine their pleasure when they moved into Quarters One on 1 June 1908. Thetrip from Fort Myer to his State-War-Navy Build-ing ofce would be longer, but there wee compen-sations; General Bell became the rst Chief of Staffto commute by automobile. The expanded ofcialobligations upon a Chief of Staff led to the rst ma-

jor modications to Quarters One—constructionof the east wing containing the large main dining

room on the rst oor and the master bedroomabove. Closets, dressing rooms, and baths were in-cluded in the project. Total cost as $16,341.

Leonard Wood (1910—1914)

For General Wood, Fort Myer proved to be

an ideal base for family activities, and QuartersOne echoed with sound. “Out for an early morn-ing ride” became a familiar entry in the Wooddiary. Louise Wood shared her husband’s ridesin the rolling Virginia countryside, and Leonard,

Jr., Osborne, and daughter, Luisita, all joined inthe sport. During the Wood family’s occupancy,there were some further modications to Quar-ters One. The original ground oor bedroom, re-made into a library in 1911, was extended from16 to 31 feet, and in 1914 a bathroom was added.A sleeping porch was constructed on the secondoor, and the main stairway was extended to thethird oor, all at a cost of $3,963.

Occupants of Quarters One

General Bell was the rst Chief of Staff to live inQuarters One.

General and Mrs. Wood with their three children, the family pets, and aides,on the quarters lawn after horseback riding. Daughter Luisita, left, pleased her father with her skill in handling horses.



19

Peyton C. March (1918—1921)

When General March became Chief of Staff in1918 and moved into Quarters One for a three-year tour, he had been a widower for fourteen

years. He would not remarry until 1923. Thus,his daughter, Mrs. John Millikin, whose husbandwas with the expeditionary forces overseas,served as hostess, and her son, John, Jr., spent hisrst year with his grandfather in Quarters One.How much time they had together is question-able, for General March, during wartime, got upat six, was at his desk at eight, lunched there,took one hour for dinner at home, then returnedto his ofce to work until midnight, Sundays in-cluded. In between the ood of ofcial cables,General March sent a terse one to Major Millikinannouncing the birth of the major’s son: “Wifeand son doing well. March.”

Hugh L. Scott (1914—1917)

Prominent international gures were fre-quent visitors at the Chief of Staff’s home at FortMyer. Once, during General Scott’s incumbency,with World War battles raging in Western Eu-rope, French Marshal Joffre and British GeneralBridges came to Quarters One to dine with theAmerican Chief of Staff and his wife Mary. Theywere met at the door by the Scotts’ little grandson,who honored the French marshal with a snappysalute and an enthusiastic “Vive la France!” af-ter which Joffre responded with a kiss. Mrs. Scottpresided over the Chief of Staff’s residence forextended periods, for General Scott was called to

the frontier during 1914 and 1915 for peacekeep-ing missions to several Indian tribes, and in 1917he visited Russia with the Root Commission.

As Chief of Staff, General Scott spent almost as much time in the eld as at thecapital. Quarters One often saw him in dress uniform, but on the frontier thecampaign hat was customary.

General March, anked by his daughter Mildred, her husband, Major Millikin,and the latter’s sister, attended a football game at Georgetown in 1920. Mildred,center, was hostess at Quarters One.



20

John L. Hines (1924—1926)

Chief of Staff occupancy of Quarters Onewas interrupted in 1921 when General Pershingentered ofce. A widower who preferred to livein town, he made the Fort Myer house availablesuccessively to his deputies, James G. Harbordand John Hines. The Hines family remained inthe house when Hines succeeded Pershing asChief of Staff, holding residence from 1923 to1926. John and Rita Hines were the rst tenantsto prune the foliage on the quarters’ east side toopen the view to the capital. Among their promi-nent international visitors were Queen Marie ofRumania and the Crown Prince of Sweden. Gen-

eral Hines rode regularly, and his aide, CharlesL. Bolte, recalled that he and the general wouldmount at the porch, dig in the spurs, and jumpthe hedge into Summerall Field.

Charles P. Summerall (1926—1930)

In October 1927, General Summerall, com-pleting the rst for four years as Chief of Staff,set out on an inspection tour of Army posts. He

was 60, had a 35-year career behind him, and heand Laura Summerall had been married for 25years—long enough to have experienced severaldifferent types of quarters and posts and to ap-preciate the privilege of living in Quarters Oneat Fort Myer. Speaking to large audiences at SanDiego and San Francisco and drawing nationalpress attention, Summerall called the Army’shousing situation a disgrace, stating that soldierswere living like “immigrants” or like “prison-ers of war,” and not like soldiers of the UnitedStates. Consequently, the Chief of Staff was sum-moned home for a private audience with Presi-dent Coolidge.

General and Mrs. Hines had the pleasure of occupying Quarters One for four years, and Mrs. Hines often took advantage of a summer day to sit outdoors withher grandson, John Cleland, Jr.

General Summerall presented the MacArthur Medal to outstanding trainees atFort Myer, Virginia, in 1929. The ceremony took place on Summerall Field, the parade ground named in his honor.



21

Douglas MacArthur (1930—1935)

General MacArthur’s tour as Chief of Staff andoccupancy of Quarters One proved to be a quiettime for the home. As he had been divorced fromhis rst wife eighteen months before, his mother,Mrs. Arthur MacArthur, 78, joined him in residenceat Fort Myer. But because she was in declininghealth and unable to fulll the role of active hostess,General MacArthur was held aloof from the socialwhirl except for the most stringent of obligations.The situation was eased when his widowed sister-in-law, Mary McCalla MacArthur, joined the familycircle and cared for the ailing parent. To facilitate hismother’s movement in the quarters, General Ma-cArthur had an elevator installed in 1931 at a costof $5,432.

Malin Craig (1935—1939 )

General Craig, whose tour as Chief of Staff ex-tended from October 1935 through August 1939,

was, as eight of his predecessor, a graduate of theUnited States Military Academy. Indeed, both hisfather and his wife’s were West Pointers. Thus, itwas a military family in every sense that lived inQuarters One in the late 1930s. Genevieve Craigdrew upon this unique background in 1936 to speakto the Society of Army Daughters about the sacri-ces, hardships, and rewards of military life as ex-perienced by her family and the two parental fami-lies. There were some further additions to the Chiefof Staff’s residence early in the Craig occupancy; agarage and porte-cochere were added at a cost of$4,700, and new sinks were installed in the pantryand kitchen.

General MacArthur became Chief of Staff in 1930, and Mrs. MacArthur joinedher son (whose picture she holds) and became the Quarters One hostess.

In the quiet times of the mid-1930s, General and Mrs. Craig enjoyed relaxing inthe Quarters One sitting room to read and keep up with the news through radiobroadcasts.



22

George C. Marshall (1939—1945)

General Marshall moved into Quarters Oneon 21 August 1939. Katherine Marshall and Mrs.Craig had discussed with the quartermaster whatshould be done to prepare the house for new ten-ants. In six weeks of modernization, an oil-burn-ing heating plant, refrigerator, and dishwasherhad been installed and painting, repapering, andplumbing were completed at a cost of $12,854.60.General Marshall’s tour, encompassed World WarII. Consequently, national and international lead-ers visited the quarters, the phone rang constant-ly, and Katherine had to “ght to see George getsome recreation and privacy.” As a “rst,” Mrs.

Marshall’s daughter, Molly Brown, and Captain James J. Winn were married at Quarters One onChristmas Day, 1940.

Dwight D. Eisenhower (1945—1948 )General Eisenhower’s tour as Chief of Staff

opened inauspiciously where Quarters One wasconcerned, for he was hospitalized at White Sul-

phur Springs, West Virginia, to “shake off a par-ticularly nasty cold.” It was predictable that, dur-ing General and Mrs. Eisenhower’s occupancy,they would entertain the Winston Churchills andField Marshal Montgomery among others. Theyadded a dressing room to the front bedroom and“Ike” used the second oor study to write Cru-sade in Europe. It was in the enclosed upstairsporch, where the family often gathered, thatGeneral Eisenhower sat for portraitist Thomas E.Stephens, became fascinated enough to say, “I’dlike to try that,” and, under the artist’s tutelage,

became involved in a major hobby. Mamie washis rst subject.

General and Mrs. Marshallenjoy coffee under the appletree in the quarters garden. Itis spring 1941, and the warraging in Europe has not yetinvolved the United States andthe Army’s Chief of Staff in ve years of world conict.

General Eisenhower and Mamie



23

Matthew B. Ridgway (1953—1955)

Alerted to Quarters One’s problems, GeneralRidgway launched a major renovation, includ-

ing a complete rewiring of the house and struc-tural repairs to the dining room. His wife, Penny,redecorated the entire rst oor and did someminor refurbishing upstairs. This badly neededrenovation, costing $35,242, was almost doublethe original construction outlay. In other decora-tive touches, photographic murals of West Pointlandmarks were mounted in the dining room, thegardens were landscaped, and a barbecue wasinstalled on the patio. Among prominent guestswho visited the quarters during General Ridg-way’s somewhat abridged tour as Chief of Staffwere General Marshall, General Ayub Khan ofPakistan, and the Shah of Iran.

Omar N. Bradley (1948—1949)

General Bradley’s entitlement to QuartersOne would have been brief had it been keyedto his tour as Chief of Staff, for he held the postonly eighteen months. However, during his tour,organizational changes created the Joint Chiefsof Staff, and General Bradley became the rstchairman of that body. He and Mary Bradley re-mained in Quarters One while his successor asChief of Staff, J. Lawton Collins, resided at FortMcNair. The Bradley’s found that the house wasnot up to the demands of modern living, espe-cially concerning its electrical capability. GeneralBradley informed the next tenants, General andMrs. Ridgway, that “every time he left he expect-ed to come back and nd it a pile of ashes . . . .”Fortunately, such a tragedy did not occur.

General and Mrs. Bradleystrike a happy pose at QuartersOne on the occasion of his ad-vancement in 1949 from Chief of Staff to Chairmanof theJointChiefs of Staff. They remainedin residence until 1953.

General and Mrs. Ridgwayand their son, Matthew, Jr., pose in 1955 for a formal fam-ily picture in their QuartersOne home. The backdrop paint-ing of a Georgetown vista wasdone by Mrs. Ridgway.



24

Maxwell D. Taylor (1955—1959 )The Taylors made few changes during their

residence at Quarters One. They added a powderroom downstairs ($1,800) and a tub to the mas-ter bath. Lydia Taylor’s pet parakeet, Kristy, afteran initial crash, learned to negotiate the secondoor in free ight and bait certain guests with araucous “Beat Navy.” General Taylor’s linguis-tic skills and interest in other cultures were re-ected in the often-multinational avor of socialfunctions in Quarters One during his family’sresidency. After his tour as Chief of Staff, GeneralTaylor left the Army, not to relax in retirement,

but to speak urgently in this book, The UncertainTrumpet, to the question of America’s decliningmilitary strength in a period of heightened inter-national tension.

Lyman L. Lemnitzer (1959—1960 )General Lemnitzer was appointed Chief of

Staff on 1 July 1959, and the Lemnitzers movedfrom the Vice Chief of Staff’s residence at Fort

McNair to Quarters One a few days later. His tourof fteen months ended when he was advancedto the post of chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staffon 1 October 1960. President Eisenhower calledhim to the White House to ask that he personallyresolve the problem of housing for the nation’ssenior uniformed ofcial so that Quarters Onewould be available to the Army Chief of Staff.Upon General Lemnitzer’s recommendation,Quarters Six, a duplex a few doors away, was re-constructed into a single residence and the Lem-nitzers moved there in early January 1962. Theyleft Quarters One with new dishes, a rose garden,and new azaleas.

Despite its function as an ofcial residence, Quarters Oneis also a home. Many young-er children have lived in thehouse while their father wasin ofce; older ones often re-turn for a visit. In 1958 Gen-eral and Mrs. Taylor posedwith their son, Tom, a studentat West Point.

In addition to private andofcial entertaining in theirQuartersOnehome,Chiefs of Staff are often honored by se-nior ofcials in formal func-

tions at nearby Patton Hall.In 1959 Army Secretary and Mrs. Brucker, right, hosted adinner for General and Mrs.Lemnitzer, left.



25

Earle G. Wheeler (1962—1964 )Quarters One has had a tendency to touch

the sense of history that seems to ourish in the

soldier’s breast, and in his tour as Chief of Staff,and concurrent residence in the house on Arling-ton Heights, General Wheeler bore witness toand Frances Wheeler joined her husband in thatpredilection. Looking back over the line of suc-cession and impressed by the building’s designa-tion in 1908 as the residence of the Army’s senioruniformed ofcer, they honored the rst such oc-cupant by commissioning a portrait of General J.Franklin Bell for Quarters One’s permanent col-lection. With respect to the capital city, FrancesWheeler selected wallpaper with a Mall motif forthe gracious dining room so often seen by distin-guished ofcial visitors.

George H. Decker (1960—1962)

Although General Decker had a full term asChief of Staff, the Deckers had only a brief stayin Quarters One after the Lemnitzers vacated the

Army Chief of Staff’s house and moved to Quar-ters Six. As Katherine Lemnitzer put it, QuartersOne was “left sort of raw” for Helen Decker.The Deckers walled up a door that led from theporch into the sitting room and enlarged the door

between the dining room and kitchen. Built-in bookcases on the left of the hall door were placedon each side of the replace, and the Deckershad an expansible dining room table and thirtymatching chairs made for the ofcial dinners re-quired of the Chief of Staff. In eight short monthsthe Deckers did their part to make Quarters Onea more efcient residence.

Social occasions are a part of the fabricofmilitarylife andcontrib-ute to the esprit and teamworkso essential in ofcial relation-ships. General and Mrs. Lem-nitzer, right, hosted a receptionat Patton Hall honoring Generaland Mrs. Decker, left, their suc-cessors at Quarters One.

Inspectiontripsregularlytakethe Army Chief of Staff away fromhome, and, on occasion (and at personal expense), the wife mayaccompany her husband. Thereare always social events, as whenGeneraland Mrs.Wheeler, right,visited Sixth Army headquartersin San Francisco.



26

Harold K. Johnson (1964—1968)

There were both inside and outside improve-ments to the Quarters One house and groundsduring General Johnson’s occupancy as Chief ofStaff. Two second oor bathrooms were modern-ized, and two marble replaces, salvaged from acadet barracks that was torn down to make wayfor new construction at West Point, were installedin the living room and library. On the outside,the sandbased agstone terrace, where Dorothy

Johnson often entertained her friends, was setpermanently in cement. Cherry trees were plant-ed on both sides of Washington Avenue below thehouse, and in front of the quarters a large shadetree, deteriorating from age, was replaced by amaple. The Johnson’s daughter, Ellen Kay, andher baby moved in while her husband served inVietnam.

William C. Westmoreland (1968—1972)

General Westmoreland’s tour as Army Chiefof Staff and residence at Quarters One had hardly

begun when President Lyndon Johnson remarkedto Kitsy Westmoreland that he understood thehouse had a spectacular view of the capital andasked when she was going to invite him to alittle family dinner. Mrs. Westmoreland invitedthe Johnsons and General and Mrs. Wheeler, dis-played the view, and topped off a successful din-ner with rum pie. The dessert was a favorite ofthe President, who ate not only his portion butGeneral Wheeler’s as well. While in residence,General Westmoreland dubbed the third oorfront bedroom the “Bob Hope Room” in honor ofthe popular comedian and entertainer of Ameri-ca’s ghting men, who was an occasional guest.

As itfronts upon the post ag- pole and Myer Monument,Quarters One is at ringside for ofcial ceremonies. Thehouse formed a backdrop forGeneral Johnson’s greeting of the Peruvian Minister of Warin 1966.

Quarters One is just a shortdistance from SummerallField, site of many ofcial cer-emonies that require the par-ticipation of the Chief of Staff.General Westmoreland ofci-ated at General McChristian’sretirement ceremony in 1971,trooping the line by Jeep.



27

Creighton W. Abrams (1972—1974)

When the Abrams family moved into Quar-ters One in October 1972 it was the kitchen’s turnfor renovation. When General Abrams was in-

formed that it would cost $300 to restore the large butcher block table, his reaction was a resounding“baloney,” and he renished the table himself. Ju-lie Abrams replaced the dining room wallpaperin the Mall motif, had the sofas re-covered, andplanted large number of tulips in the garden. In

June 1974, General Abrams was stricken with can-cer and had a lung removed. He resumed workduring convalescence, rst at home and thenat the ofce, but on 17 August he was hospital-ized again. He died at Walter Reed Army Medi-cal Center on 4 September 1974, the rst Chief ofStaff to succumb while in ofce and in residenceat Quarters One.

Fred C. Weyand (1974—1976)

General Weyand’s two-year tour as Chief ofStaff and occupancy of Quarters One proved to

be of more than routine signicance for the his-toric building. For even though all of the residentsof the house had been aware of its associationsand relationships, the Weyands were especiallytouched by its past, by their part in its present,and by its call upon the future. Reaching back ahalf-century to tap living memory, Arline Wey-and wrote to former tenants and those who hadhad close contact with the mansion, to probe theirrecollections and capture their experiences. Theresponses, in word and picture, were assembledinto a small but valuable archive at Quarters One.It remains there, a model for future residents to

build upon.

Mrs. Weyand held the bible as her husband was sworn in as Vice Chief on1 August 1973. Fourteen months later he succeeded General Abrams hasChief of Staff and resident of Quarters One.

Portrait of General CreightonWilliams Abrams, Jr.



28

Bernard W. Rogers (1976—1979)

General Rogers was sworn in as Chief ofStaff on 1 October 1976, and he and Mrs. Rogersmoved into Quarters One on 22 October. Four

days later they entertained his French counter-part, the rst of eighteen Chiefs of Staff of foreigncountries they would host in a tour extending to22 June 1979. During that period they also enter-tained senior ofcials of the American govern-ment, including the Chief Justice of the SupremeCourt, the Secretary of State, and Attorney Gen-eral, and their wives. They paid tribute to formerSecretaries of the Army and Chiefs of Staff witha Quarters One dinner, and Ann Rogers annuallyentertained the spouses of retired four-star gen-erals and gave an opening tea for the Army Of-cers’ Wives Club.

Edward C. Meyer (1979—1983)

General Meyer was sworn in as Chief of Staffon 22 June 1979. The Meyer family brought a

versatile mix of furnishing to personalize theirquarters. To complement the dining room’s Hep-plewhite sideboard, Carol Meyer added a hand-carved Indian screen and embellished the chinacloset with antique Dresden and Coulton-Burs-lem. The dining porch was enhanced with anItalian chandelier and with coffee and end tablesdesigned by Mrs. Meyer. To the living room wereadded an Italian chandelier, a Dutch coffee serv-er, and a century-old Japanese screen. The wallswere decorated with a variety of art ranging froma painting of Estes Park by nationally famouslandscape artist Charles Partridge Adams to arepresentation of the family by Tom Meyer.

The West Point replace andGeneral Bell’s portrait servedas a backdrop when General and Mrs. Rogers posed for this pic-ture in the Quarters One livingroom in 1979 as their residencywas drawing to a close. During previous assignments in Wash-ington, they had lived succes-sively in Quarters 19A, 22A,and 8 at Fort Myer.

An anniversary in 1980 offeredthe ideal opportunity to assemblemembers of the Meyer family forthis photo. General and Mrs. Meyer are anked by Nancy andStuart, while sons Doug, Tim,and Tom stand behind.



29

John A. Wickham, Jr. (1983—1987)

Following his July 1983 appointment asArmy Chief of Staff, General Wickham and hisfamily remained in the Vice Chief’s residence

at Fort McNair while Quarters One was reno-vated from top to bottom. The Wickhams werethus able to move into a beautifully refurbishedhome. During their occupancy, Ann Wickhamsought to recover Quarters One furniture thathad been gradually shifted to other buildings;she also made a concerted effort to upgrade the

book collection to ensure that the library lived upto its name and added materials to the quarters’historical archive. The Wickhams also arrangedfor the mounting of two historic guns in the yard.Named “L’Insatiable” and L’Insociable,” the

bronze pieces were cast in Strasbourg, France, by Joseph Berenger in 1756.

Carl E. Vuono (1987—1991)

Having occupied Quarters Two during a for-mer Washington assignment, General Vuono andhis family quickly adapted to their Quarters Onesurroundings when they moved in in mid-July1987. Ever mindful of the mansion’s history, theyintegrated gifts and furnishings of their prede-cessors with their own and conducted a numberof house tours during their residency. Of specialnote was the restoration of the garden by mem-

bers of the quarters staff. The Vuonos occupiedthe quarters during a particularly historic periodwhich saw the end of the Cold War and visits toWashington by many of General Vuono’s foreigncounterparts.

Daughter Lindsley’s marriageto Captain Bill Harmer broughtthe Wickham family togetherin Quarters One in November1983. Seated from right are Gen-eral and Mrs. Wickham, Linds-ley, and Ann Wickham’s mother.Standing from right are sons Matthew and John Wickham,and Captain Harmer.

The Vuono family gathered tosee son Timothy receive his Reg-ular Army commission in thelibrary of Quarters One. Stand-ing are Tim, General Vuono, and Jeff; seated, grandson Michael is anked by Mrs. Vuono and hismother, Kathy Coldiron.



30

Dennis J. Reimer (1995—1999)

On June 1995, General Reimer was swornin as the thirty-third Chief of Staff of the United

States Army. As had several of their predecessors,General and Mrs. Reimer moved to Quarters Onefrom the Vice Chief’s quarters at Fort McNair. Tothe Reimers, every room in Quarters One car-ried its own special memories and signicance.They prized sharing the history and beauty oftheir home with visitors, both military and civil-ian, from around the world since so much of thearchitecture, art, and memorabilia in the housereects the Army’s heritage. Until his retirementfrom active service in June 1999, General and Mrs.Reimer especially enjoyed evenings on the Quar-ters One porch, with its breathtaking vista of thecapital skyline and the grounds of Fort Myer.

Gordon R Sullivan (1991—1995 )General Sullivan was sworn in as Chief of

Staff on 21 June 1991. The Sullivan family thenmoved into Quarters One from the Vice Chief’squarters at Fort Lesley J. McNair in July. While inresidence, General Sullivan led the Army througha fundamental transformation, overseeing forcereductions and base closures, doctrinal change,successes in peacekeeping, and efforts to movethe Army into the information age. His long-standing interest in art, particularly as related tomilitary subjects, is reected in his editorship ofPortrait of an Army and Soldiers Serving the Na-tion, visual records of the Army’s history drawn

from the Army Art Collection. General Sullivanretired from active service in June 1995.

General Sullivan, his wife Gay,and their daughter Elizabethsat for this family picture inQuarters One shortly afterhe became Chief of Staff. Likea number of his predecessors,General Sullivan served a yearas Vice Chief of Staff of the Army.

General Reimer and his wife Mary Jo at one of the many ofcial receptions held at Quar-ters One.



31

The Shinseki family gath-ered for this picture in theliving room of QuartersOne in the summer of 2001.Counterclockwise from theright are son Ken, Ken’swife Barbara, granddaugh-ter Jocelyn Kimi, daughterLori, Lori’s husband Tim

Heaphy, grandson Joseph Aldunate, General Shinse-ki, General Shinseki’s wifePatty, and granddaughterCarolyn Eve.

Eric K. Shinseki (1999—2003)

General Eric K. Shinseki took the oath ofoffice as the Army’s thirty-fourth Chief of Staffon 21 June 1999. The Shinsekis moved from the

Vice Chief of Staff’s quarters at Fort McNair toQuarters One that September. Extensive struc-tural renovations were completed during theinterim. During their thirty-four years of service,General and Mrs. Shinseki and their childrenhave lived in Hawaii, Europe, and through-out the continental United States. The décor inQuarters One gracefully combines memorabiliaof the Shinsekis’ family and military life with theart and architecture of the residence itself.

Peter Jan. Schoomaker (2003—



32

General Scenes in 1908—1948

GeneralPeyton C. March inspects polo ponies before a match.

General Leonard Wood engages in one of his favorite exercises, amorning ride. No matter what an ofcer’s branch, equestrian activi-ties were a part of the daily routine at Fort Myer until the horse was phased out of the military at the midpoint of the 20th century.

General and Mrs. Bell with General Staff ofcers and their ladiesassembled on Quarter One's steps in 1908.

General John J. Pershing, seenwalking with Major General James G. Harbord in front of Army headquarters at the State-War-Navy building.



33

In 1946 Mrs. Mamie Eisenhowerwatched over the vegetable gar-den adjacent to Quarters Onethat represented the food con-servation program espoused bythe Eisenhowers. Quarters Onewives have regularly participatedin public service activities.

General andMrs. George C. Mar-shall strolled frequently in theQuarters One garden with theirDalmation named Fleet.

General Douglas MacArthur’sautomobile, parked at the door of Quarters One in 1930, depictsthe changing times.

General Malin Craig posed, in front of the sitting room replacein Quarters One.



34

General Scenes in 1949—1976

In 1960 General Lemnitzer greeted soldiers of the Honor Company, 1st Battle Group, 3d Infantry,who were performing sentry duty for the QuartersOne area at Fort Myer. The Old Guard detach-ment was formed on the sidewalk in front of thehouse.

In 1955, General Ridgway, retiring Chief of Staff, and Mrs.Ridgway greeted a distinguished predecessor, General Mar-shall, at a farewell reception held in the home. General Mar-shall had a standing invitation to stay with the Ridgways atQuarters One.

In 1973 General Abrams presented the ag of the Vice Chief of Staff toGeneral Weyand in a formal formation at Fort Myer. General Weyandwould be his successor as Chief of Staff and Quarters One resident.

General and Mrs. Bradley sitting in Sun Room.

l



35

General and Mrs. Schoomaker at Christmas with son, and Secretary of the Army and Mrs. Rumsfeld

Mrs. Shinseki ribbon cutting ceremony forKTM Library, 29 February 2000.

General Scenes in 1977—Present





7

Chief of Staff Wife Term of Office

Samuel Baldwin Marks Young* Margaret Young 15 Aug 190 8 Jan 190Adna Romanza Chaffee* Kate Chaffee 9 Jan 190 1 Jan 1906 John Coalter Bates* 15 Jan 1906 1 Apr 1906 J. Franklin Bell Betsy Bell 1 Apr 1906 21 Apr 1910Leonard Wood Louise Wood 22 Apr 1910 20 Apr 191William W. Wotherspoon* Mary Wotherspoon 21 Apr 191 15 Nov 191Hugh L. Scott Mary Scott 16 Nov 191 21 Sep 1917Tasker Howard Bliss* Eleanore Bliss 22 Sep 1917 18 May 1918Peyton C. March 19 May 1918 0 Jun 1921 John Joseph Pershing* 1 Jul 1921 1 Sep 192 John L. Hines Rita Hines 1 Sep 192 20 Nov 1926

Charles P. Summerall Laura Summerall 21 Nov 1926 20 Nov 19 0Douglas MacArthur 21 Nov 19 0 1 Oct 19 5Malin Craig Genevieve Craig 2 Oct 19 5 1 Aug 19 9George C. Marshall Katherine Marshall 1 Sep 19 9 18 Nov 19 5Dwight D. Eisenhower Mamie Eisenhower 19 Nov 19 5 7 Feb 19 8Omar N. Bradley Mary Bradley 7 Feb 19 8 16 Aug 19 9 Joseph Lawton Collins* Gladys Collins 16 Aug 19 9 15 Aug 195Matthew B. Ridgway Penny Ridgway 16 Aug 195 0 Jun 1955Maxwell D. Taylor Lydia Taylor 0 Jun 1955 0 Jun 1959Lyman L. Lemnitzer Katherine Lemnitzer 1 Jul 1959 0 Sep 1960George H. Decker Helen Decker 1 Oct 1960 0 Sep 1962

Earle G. Wheeler Frances Wheeler 1 Oct 1962 2 Jul 196Harold K. Johnson Dorothy Johnson Jul 196 2 Jul 1968William C. Westmoreland Kitsy Westmoreland Jul 1968 0 Jun 1972Creighton W. Abrams Julie Abrams 12 Oct 1972 Sep 197Fred C. Weyand Arline Weyand Oct 197 0 Sep 1976Bernard W. Rogers Ann Rogers 1 Oct 1976 21 Jun 1979Edward C. Meyer Carol Meyer 22 Jun 1979 21 Jun 198 John A. Wickham, Jr. Ann Wickham 2 Jul 198 2 Jun 1987Carl E. Vuono Patricia Vuono 2 Jun 1987 21 Jun 1991Gordon R. Sullivan Gay Sullivan 21 Jun 1991 19 Jun 1995Dennis J. Reimer Mary Jo Reimer 20 Jun 1995 21 Jun 1999

Eric K. Shinseki Patty Shinseki 22 Jun 1999 11 Jun 200Peter J. Schoomaker Cindy Schoomaker 1 Aug 200

* Did not live at Quarters One

Army Chiefs of Staff and Their Wives



8

J.G. Barnard, A Report on the Defenses of Washington, vols.(Washington: Government Printing O ice, 1871).

William Gardner Bell, Commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff (Washington: Government Printing O ice, 1999).

Harry I. Bland, ed., The Papers of George Catlett Marshall, vols.(Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981–1996).

Porter H. Brooks, Cross, Crook, and Candle: The Story of Religionat Fort Myer(197 ).

Dan Cragg, The Guide to Military Installations(Harrisburg, Pa.:Stackpole, 198 ).

Constance McLaughlin Green, Washington: Village and Capital,1800–1878 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1962).

John V. Hinckel, Arlington: Monument to Heroes(Englewood

Cli s: Prentice-Hall, 1965). A History of Fort Myer, Arlington, Virginia(June 21, 1988).The History of Fort Myer(circa 1958).The History of Fort Myer, Virginia(Arlington: Fort Myer Post,

196 ).

Stanley W. McClure, The Defenses of Washington, 1861–1865 (Washington: National Capital Parks, 1957).

Katherine Tupper Marshall, Together: Annals of an Army Wife (New York: Tupper and Love, 19 6).

David V. Miller, The Defense of Washington During the Civil War (Bu alo: Mr. Copy, 1976).

The National Register of Historic Places,197 supplement(Washington: Government Printing O ice, 197 ).

Murray H. Nelligan, Custis-Lee Mansion: The Robert E. Lee Memorial, National Park Service Handbook no. 6(Washington: Government Printing O ice, 1962).

Forrest C. Pogue, George C. Marshall: Education of a General (New York: The Viking Press, 196 ).

Robert B. Roberts, Encyclopedia of Historic Forts(NewYork: Macmillan, 1988).Tom Scanlan, ed., Army Times Guide to Army Posts(Harrisburg,

Pa.: Stackpole, 196 ).

Suggested Readings



9

Picture Credits

The illustrations in this booklet are U.S. Army photographs except as indicated below. Page positions are indicated by the following codes:

Top (T) Center (C) Bottom (B)Top left (TL) Top center (TC) Top right (TR)Bottom left (BL) Bottom center (BC) Bottom right (BR)

Family Collections: 16(TR); 17(B); 29(T); 1(B); 2(T); (T)Library of Congress: 7(Map); 8(T & B); 15 (TL & B); 16(B); 18(BL); 18–19(TC)MacArthur Memorial: 17(TR)National Archives: 6(T & B); 9(T & B); 11(T & B); 1 (B); 15(TR); 19(TC, TR, BR)National Park Service: 10(TL)Marshall Library: – 5



Quarters One is one o many striking inheritances o the Army’s past. Greatcommanders have o ten underscored the link between military leadership anda knowledge o the past. For over one hundred years the Army has ostered thestudy and use o history among its commissioned and noncommissioned o i-cers. The Center o Military History is a visible mani estation o an institutionalcommitment to a ull understanding o the Army’s past, both its successes and

ailures, to prepare our leaders or an always uncertain uture. To achieve thisaim, Army historians must measure up to the pro essional standards o both thediscipline o history and the pro ession o arms—Clio serving Mars.

The Center plays a vital role in military history education both through tra-ditional instruction and through our ever busier website. In o icial histories andspecial studies or the Army’s leaders, we investigate and analyze the decisionsand decision-making processes o the past. To urther the education o soldiers,

we preserve through the oral history program the experiences o leaders whopreceded us, and gather the art and arti acts o past wars into Army museumsand our Army Art Collection. The Center also osters the use o that uniquetraining concept, the sta ride, especially important or young leaders who haveyet to experience battle irsthand. Finally, through the military history detach-ments, we prepare the Army’s uni ormed historians to assume their duties inevent o war or other hostilities.

The Center has yet another mission, to enhance an appreciation in the Armyand in the general public or military traditions. Thus, it is entirely appropriatethat the Center produce Quarters One, a publication designed to ix this unique

building’s special place in our nation’s history. Situated on a historic post amidhistoric surroundings near the nation’s capital, Quarters One has acquiredthrough age and association a special status that ully warrants its present desig-nation as a National Historic Landmark. In these pages we hope to demonstrateto our soldiers and distinguished guests a sense o this building’s importance tothe heritage o our Army.

JOHN S. BROWN

Brigadier General, USA (Ret.)Chie o Military History

The Army Historical Program





PIN 062871 000

The view of the capital city from Fort Myer

Documents

Quarters One the United States Army Chief of Staff's Residence