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QuantifiersDestiny, Praew, Kenta, and Angie
8 Basic Principles of Grammar
• Numbers-Partitives, Collectives, Quantifiers
--Quantifiers: some/anylittle/fewcomparatives
What does Quantifier Mean?
Definition of Quantifier
In grammar, a type of determiner (all, some, 1, 2, 3, or much) that expresses a relative or indefinite
indication of quantity.
• Quantifiers usually appear in front of nouns:
EX: All children…
• They may also function as pronouns:EX: All have returned.
http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/Quantifier.htm
Some and Any
Some
1. Some is used in affirmatives sentences.
EX: Larry bought some Hello-Kitty candies for Susan.
EX: Susan has some candies.
2. Some is used when we mean “not all.”
EX: Some animals respect Susan and Larry.
EX: Some people hate Susan.
3. Some is used in offers and requests in order to
sound positive, or when expecting the answer “Yes”.
EX: Larry, can you buy some Hello-kitty candies in
town?
EX: Susan, shall I send you some details?
Any
1. Any is used in sentences with a negative meaning.
EX: We haven’t got any Hello-kitty candies.
EX: Susan and Larry can’t speak any other
languages.
2. Any is used in other questions.
EX: Do you have any Hello-Kitty nails?
EX: Have Susan and Larry got any children?
3. Any is used commonly in “if” clauses.
EX: If you see any strange Hello-Kitties, please let
me know!
PracticeSome or Any?•Ken: Do you have___brothers or sisters?•Susan: No, I don't, but I have___cousins that love me like a real sister!
•Ken: Are there____cinemas in this city? I really want to go to the movies!•Susan: No, there aren't, but I have___movies at home if you want!
•Ken: I have___cereal every morning, it is good for my health.•Susan: I hate cereal!
•Susan: Do you have___idea how to do this exercise?•Ken: No, I have no idea, but my mum gave me___books to study; maybe the answer is in one!
•Susan: Can you give me___of your posters? You have a lot of them.•Ken: No, they are all mine. I can't give you___posters! However, I can give you___old magazines I have.•Susan: No, thanks. You are so selfish!
Practice
• Emily: Can I get some water?
• Ken: Do you have any money?
Few and Little
A Few/Few
• We use “a few” and “few” + a plural countable noun.EX: Few people, few books, few lettersEX: A few people, a few books, a few letters
• “A few” is a positive idea.EX: Fortunately, our financial situation is good: we still
have a few good customers.
• “Few” is a negative idea (It means ‘almost none,’ and we can also use “very few”).
EX: I'm very sad because I have few good friends.EX: I'm very sad because I have very few good friends.
(Both these sentences mean I don't have many good friends - I would like to have more.)
• “A few” and “few” have irregular comparative and superlative forms.
EX: few - fewer - the fewestEX: a few - more - the most
A Little/Little
• “A little” is more than “little.”
• We use “a little” and “little” + an uncountable noun.EX: A little time, a little food, a little money…EX: Little time, little food, little money…
• “A little” is a positive idea (It means ‘some, but not much’).EX: I speak a little English, so I can help you.
• “Little” is a negative idea (It means ‘nearly none, nearly nothing,’ and we can also use very little).
EX: I can’t help you because I speak little English.EX: I can’t help you because I speak very little English.
(Both these sentences mean, “my English is bad.”)
• “A little” and “little” have irregular comparative and superlative forms.EX: A Little – More – the MostEX: Little – Less – the Least
Practice1. There's _____ wine left in the bottle. (few, little)
2. I've put _____ sugar into your coffee. (a little, a few)
3. There are _____ students in that classroom. (a few, a little)
4. He says _____ applicants have presented themselves. (little, few)
5. I can only speak ______ words of Chinese. (a little, a few)
6. All this kitten needs is ______ love and attention. (a little, a few)
Comparatives
Comparatives
FEW .EX: I'm very sad because I
have few good friends.
I’m very sad because I have fewer good friends than Jimmy.
LITTLE .EX: I speak a little English.
I speak less English than Jimmy.
These quantifiers identify a large or small difference in amounts.
MANY .EX: I have many apples.
I have more apples than Jimmy.
MUCH .EX: There is much money.
There is more money today than yesterday.
0% 100%
few /little
many/much
Subject-Verb + Comparative + Object 1 + “Than” + Object 2
Activity