Quality of life in Human settlements

8/7/2019 Quality of life in Human settlements

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POLICY, NORMS AND PROGRAMMES


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y Economists : To an economist, quality of life is defined in termsof his standard of living, the percapita income, and his ability toaccess goods and services.

y Medical Practitioner : For a medical practitioner, quality of liferefers to the patient's ability to enjoy normal life activities.

y Environmentalist : The quality of life is defined by the kind ofenvironment a person lives with respect to Air quality, openspace, a balance in eco system, and how energy efficient andsustainable the living place could be.

y Urban Designer : For an urban designer, even though all theaspects should be an inclusive paradigm , their main focus wouldbe how efficient a place has evolved with respect to an organizedform, pattern and how accessible the place is designed to reachall the basic infrastructure facilities of a township, and howefficiently it is been designed for sustainability.

y Common Public : Views with regard to common public differsfrom person to person. A person staying in an urban area can stillconsider the quality of living in a Rural area much better.Common Public tends to prioritize certain elements decidingquality of life which affects them most and come to a conclusion.


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POLICY

DESIGN

MANAGEMENT


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POLI YIS H W K H S B ISH SSI I

DESIGN is made based upon the objective of the policy. Ittakes into account the form , pattern and kind ofgrowthpattern the city is evolving. he quality of lifegreatly depends upon the way or the pattern in which itgrows.

acilitating management is the goal of proper design. nyolicy or design becomes sustainable only if a proper

management is facilitated


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According to a orldwide Quality of Living

survey conducted by Mercer uman Resource

Consulting, the best city to live in with respect

to quality of life is Zeneva in Switzerland. Singapore tops the list with respect to City

Infrastructure facilities

New Delhi and Mumbai falls at 150th place

angalore falls at 153rd

place. Chennai at 160th

The cities were compared with a bench mark of

new york which is in 49th place


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Mercer's study is based on detailed assessments andevaluations of 39 key quality of living determinants,grouped in the following categories:

Political and social environment (political stability,

crime, law enforcement, etc); Economic environment (currency exchange

regulations, banking services, etc);

Socio-cultural environment (censorship, limitationson personal freedom, etc);

Medical and health considerations (medical suppliesand services, infectious diseases, sewage, wastedisposal, air pollution, etc);

Schools and education (standard and availability ofschools, etc);


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Public services and transportation

(electricity, water, public transport, traffic

congestion, etc);

Recreation (restaurants, theatres, cinemas,sports and leisure, etc);

Consumer goods (availability of food/daily

consumption items, cars, etc);

ousing (housing, household appliances,furniture, maintenance services, etc);

Natural environment (climate, record of

natural disasters).


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The major factors to be considered inplanning a neighbourhood in achieving a goodquality of life

AIR QUALITY OUSING

SAFETY

ACCESSI ILITY

MOVEMENT AND TRAFFIC ATER & IODIVERSITY

LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE

OPEN SPACE


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Urban Regeneration

Compact growth

Focuseddecentralization

Linear concentration


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CAMILLO SITTE the most important is not thearchitectural shape or form of each building, but theinherent creative quality of urban space, the whole asmuch more than the sum of its parts.

Ebenezer howard Garden cities were intended to beplanned, self-contained, communities surrounded bygreenbelts, containing carefully balanced areas ofresidences,

TONY GARNIER Separate areas demarcated for different

functions, such as living, working, relaxation, andtransport

PATRIC GEDDES social processes and spatial form arerelated. Therefore, by changing the spatial form it waspossible to change the social structure as well.


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Integrated housing for refugees and townplanning

Master plans for major cities such as Mumbai,Delhi, Chennai, Calcutta, yderabad, Pune,Allahabad, Lucknow and anpur were initiated

1951-56 - I

1956-61 - II

100% Central assistance for formulation ofmaster plans

HUDCO was established in 1970

1961-66 - III

1969-7 - IV

Development of small and medium sizedtowns

Integrated development of smaller andmedium cities to arrest migration of people tolarger cities. (IDSMT)

197 -79 - V

1980-85 - VI


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IDSMT Integrated development of smalland medium town were continued.

Ministry of Urban development formed theUDPFI Urban development and projectformulation and Implementation in 1995

19 5-90 - VII

1992-97 - VIII

Uplifting of deteriorating UrbanInfrastructures facilities through JNNURM

The negative impacts of unplanned anduncontrolled growth in Urban areas wasfocused and uplifted.

1997-02 - IX

2002-07 - X

Focus on Urban Transport including MassTransit System

Urban housing for slum dwellers

2007-2011 - XI


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Chennai the fourth largest metropolis in India.

Madras Town Planning Act, was enacted in 1920and a few detailed Town Planning schemes weresanctioned for small areas within the Chennai

city, but no comprehensive plan (called asGeneral Town Planning Scheme then) for city ormetropolitan region was prepared.

This Madras Town Planning Act was superceded in1971 by the Tamilnadu Town and CountryPlanning Act.

The process of preparation of Master Plan for themetropolis started in 1973 and was approved in1976


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GOAL

Vision 2026 is to make Chennai a prime

metropolis which will be more

livable, economically vibrant and

environmentally sustainable and with better

assets

for the future generations.


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AGENC RESPONSIBI IT

CHENNAI CORPORATION Provision of Roads, Pedestrian subways,

streetlights, solid waste collection and

management, micro-drainage, parks and

play grounds in their area of jurisdiction

MUNUCIPALITIES, TO N

PANCHAYATS & VILLAGE

PANCHAYATS

Same as above

TNHB Neighbourhood development plots and

houses

MTC

TRAFFIC POLICE

TNEB

CM SSB

TNSCB

HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT

PWD


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BEACH BEAUTIFICATION PROGRAM

HOUSING FOR SLUM DWELLERS

DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE

FACILITIES

IMPROVING TRANSPORATION OUTER RING

ROAD

FOCUS ON MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS

PROTECTION OF ADYAR ESTUARY THROUGH

ADYAR POONGA PROJECT


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Even though there are lot of programs beingconsidered and implemented, coordinationand developing a coherant program is stilllacking in the design.

The functional interconnection betweenInfrastructure, energy, water, waste andmovement are profound. When they are

considered in a disaggregated way thenunsustainable systems evolve. Quality ofsettlements improve when these factors areplanned in an integrated way.

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Quality of life in Human settlements