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“the civic community” : secret of governability? “ government works” – only if there is an underlying civic society
Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, Robert Putnam – driving the conceptual formulations on most applied policy research and intervention programs
‘the civic community’; – civic engagement, – Equality, networks organized horizontally, belief in participation– solidarity, trust, belief that leaders relatively honest– Politics is not only for “inotabiliti”, low level of patron-client politics,
and “invisme” The community values solidarity, civic engagement, cooperation, and
honesty. Government works. Small wonder that people in these regions are content! (Putnam, 1993, p. 115)
2
An illustrative measure of “civic society” using Gallup World Poll dataData: Gallup World Poll (2008-2011)
Unit of analysis: NUTS regions (NUTS 1 or NUTS 2) (N= > 75)
AGGREGATE Composite index, combining several Gallup WP indices each based on a series of questions : National institutions index (e.g. trust in government and courts) Corruption index (e.g. corruption widespread in government, business) Social well-being index (e.g. friends to count on, easy to make friends) Civic engagement index (e.g. volunteering, donating money) Community attachment index (e.g. satisfied with local area, recommend
place) Local leadership index (e.g. approve local leadership)
How is quality of life in a more “CIVIC SOCIETY”
3
6
The danger of assuming that country level aggregates work everywhere … (indicators hiding or revealing?)
Brussels
Flanders
Wallonia
Flemish Brabant (located around Brussels)
Why better governance?QoL = after contolling for individual effects does social context counts?
Multi-level regression models (2011 data)
Lowest level = adults aged 15 and over
Higher level = NUTS areas Predictors at INDIVIDUAL LEVEL
Demographics (gender, age, marital status) Education, employment, income, health satisfaction Social capital: someone to count on when in need Civic engagement: volunteering Trust on courts/government Corruption is widespread in government
Predictors at NUTS LEVEL Score on “civic society” index
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9
Trusted relations, health, job add most to QoL
Bei
ng y
oung
<30
high
ly e
duca
ted
"hig
h" in
com
e
unem
ploy
ed
good
hea
lth
volu
ntee
ring
som
eone
to c
ou...
+.69 +.70+.23
-.68
+.85+.20
+.90
Can
tril
sca
le (
pre
sen
t)
Re
fere
nce
10
For younger cohorts QoG is less important for QoL
volu
ntee
ring
som
eone
to c
ou...
trus
t in
gove
rnm
...
<25
y
25-4
4y
45-6
4y
65+
y
+.20+.90
+.23
ns ns
-.21 -.20
Can
tril
sca
le (
pre
sen
t)
Re
fere
nce
corruption is widespread in government
(interaction with age)
11
Comparing direct and indirect effects on QoL:
volu
ntee
ring
som
eone
to c
oun.
..
trus
t in
gove
rnm
e...
<25
y
25-4
4y
45-6
4y
65+
y
+.20+.90
+.23 +.24 +.44 +.47 +.52
Can
tril
sca
le (
pre
sen
t)
Re
fere
nce
living in a “civic” region
DIRECT EFFECTS INDIRECT EFFECT(depends on age)
Thank you!
A demo of the World Poll View is available on:
http://www.gallup.com/se/126848/WorldView.aspx
More information?
Robert Manchin
Gallup Europe
Email: [email protected]
Phone: +32 2 734 54 18
Website: http://eu.gallup.com