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QUALITY CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR
PILOT WATERSHED STUDIES
INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE GROUP ON GREAT LAKES POLLUTION FROM LAND USE ACTIVITIES
(PLUARG)
Assembled and Edited by Darnell M. Whitt
Coordinator River Basin Studies
REVISE:D MARCH 1977
INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION GREAT LAKES REGIONAL OFFICE
100 OlJELLETTE AVENUE WINDSOR. ONTARIO
N9A 6T3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
2.
2 .1 .
2 . 1 1
INTRODUC!TION
PARAMETE:R L I S T S
WATER SAMPLES
P a r a m e t E! r s
2.2
2 . 2 1
SEDIMENT, RIVERBANK MATERIALS AND S O I L SAMPLES
Introduc: t i o n
2.22
2 . 2 2 1
2 .222
2 .223
D e f i n i ti. ons - Sediment:
Suspended Sediments
B o t t o m Sediments
2.23
3.
P a r a m e t c x s - SAMPLE COLLECTION
3.1
3.2
3 .3
3.4
3 . 4 1
GENERAL
S I T E SELECTION
STREAMFLOW MONITORING - WATER QIJALITY MONITORING
F i l t r a t i o n
3.5
3 . 5 1
3.52
SEDIMENT SAMPLING
Suspended Sediment
B o t t o m ! S e d i m e n t
J u l y 1 9 7 5
3.6 SAMPLING FREQUENCY
3 . 6 1
3.62
3 .63
3 .7
4.
5.
6.
6 . 1
6.2
6 . 2 1
6.22
6 .23
6.3
6 .4
6 . 5
7.
7 . 1
7 . 2
7 . 2 2
7 . 2 2 1
7 . 2 2 2
7 . 2 2 3
7 . 2 2 4
7 . 2 2 5
G e n e r a l
Water
S e d i m e n t -
G R O U N D WATER SAMPLING
SAMPLE HANDLING
SAMPLE PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS
ANALYSI!; QUALITY CONTROL
BLIND R E P L I C A T E S FROM F I E L D TO LABORATORIES
REFERENCE AND NATURAL SAMPLES FOR BETWEEN-LABORATORY
COMPARI !S ON S
R e f e r e n c e SamPles
R o u n d - R o b i n s
Special S t u d i e s
DOCUMENTATION O F METHODOLOGY
IN-LABORATORY QUALITY CONTROL
PROTOCO.5 FOR DATA Q U A L I T Y E V A L U A T I O N
DATA HANDLING AND PROCESSING
SYSTEM , V U N C T I O N
F I L E FO,?MA TS
PLUARG J a t a Exchange S t a n d a r d s - F i l e Formats
Sample ,?esuZts M a s t e r F i l e
Sample , ? t a t i o n D e s c . r i p t i o n F i l e
Sample >?arameter D e s c r i p t i o n F i l e
Land Us(? D e s c r i p t i o n F i l e
M e t e o r o l o a i c a l Da ta Descr iw t ion F i l e
June 1 9 7 6
7 . 3
7 . 4
7 . 4 1
7 . 5
7.51
8.
8.1
b . 7
8.2
9.
10.
10.1
1 0 . 2 1
1 0 . 2 2
1 0 . 1 3
10.2
1 0 . 2 1
1 0 . 2 2
1 0 . 2 2 1
1 0 . 2 2 2
1 0 . 2 2 3
10. 2 2 3 1
1 0 . 2 2 3 2
1 0 . 2 2 3 3
1 0 . 2 2 3 4
1 0 . 2 2 3 5
1 0 . 2 2 3 6
PLUAHG DATA EXCHANGE STANDARDS - CODES
REPORTING LOW L E V E L PATA
Codea To Be Ubed I n Repotting l o w L e v e l V a t u
ESTZMATING TR I BUTAR Y 1 OAV I NGS
R a t i o EaLirnatotl d o h EnLLmaLlng T t t i b u t a h y Loadi'nga
DATA ASSEiSSMENT
plprTP #r;rerv[ @ ~ T r n ~ ~ f r n ~ e r F t p r T e r r ; r Y @erN#$PZS@NS ASSESSMEhT O F QUALITY CONTROL DATA
ANNUAL DATA
REFERENCES
-
INVESTIGATORS
U N I T E D STATES
Principal I n v s s t i g a t c r s
Project Leaders clnd A n a l y s t s
Others
C A N A D A
P r o j e c t Officers
P r o j e c t ~~ Leaders and A n a l y s t s
A c t i v i t y No. 1 - - A g r i c u Z t u r a Z W a t e r s h e d s
A c t i v i t g No. 2 -- F o r e s t e d W a t e r s h e d s
Activity No. 3 - - Land Uses O t h e r Than A g r i c u l t u r e and F o r e s t
Urban Land
T r a n s p o r t z t i o n and U t i l i t y S y s t e m s
S a n i t a r y L a n d f i l l s
P r o c e s s e d Organ ic Waste D i s p o s a l
E x t r a c t i v 9 I n d u s t r i e s
P r i v a t e Waste D i s p o s a l ( S e p t i c T a n k s )
March 1977
I 1 0 . 2 2 4 A c t i v i t y No. 4 -- Water Q u a n t i t g and Q u a l i t y Monor i tor ing Framewor
1 0 . 2 2 5 A c t i v i t y No. 5 -- Laboratory Support
10 .226 A c t i v i t y No. 6 -- R i v e r b a n k Erosion Studg
1 0 . 2 2 5 A c t i v i t y No. 5 -- Laboratory Support
1 0 . 2 2 6 A c t i v i t y No. 6 -- R i v e r b a n k Erosion Studg
March 1977
1, INTRODUCTION
The primary reason for quality control is to ensure that the
conclusions of the various investigators, and the summaries devel-
oped therefrom, are based upon (comparable) compat ibZe and r e Z i a b Z e
d a m - An addition, the program will aid investigators in ascer-
taining whether their needs for a n a Z y t i c and sampZing precision and
accuracy are being met and will contribute to overall proficiency
by providing opportunities for scientists to discuss solutions to
common problems.
A spcondary r e a s o n f o r q u a l i t y c o n t r o l i s t o e n s u r e t h a t d a t a
aceurnu l a t e d ?:n P L Y A R G s t u d i e s a r e a c c u r a t e and p r e c i s e c o n t r i b u t i o n s
t o t h e d a t a b a s e , f o r f u t u r e u s e in t h e G r e a t L a k e s B a s i n .
This Handbook is intended to give investigators associated
with Task Group C studies under PLUARG the guidelines for quality
control. The looseleaf arrangement of the Handbook will facilitate
updating as additional information becomes available. In this
regard, all pages will be dated at the time of issuance.
Changes f r o m t h e p r e v i o u s i s s u a n c e $ZbZ Md ake i n d i c a t e d
by a verticaZ Zinlz i n t h e r i g h t m a r g i n of t h e p a g e . D e Z e t i o n s
dSiT.2 @& made i n t b e 1 9 7 5 i d h u a n c e wehe e n c l o s e d i n p a r e n t h e s e s
' I ( . . . ) ' I , and a d d i t i o n r dZZZ Md wehe t y p e d i n I t a l i c s ,
u n l e s s o t h e r w i s e i zo ted . V e l e e t i o n a made i n t h e 7976 i b h u a n c e ahe
Ahawn by h t a b h majtha " I / / / " , and a d d i t i a n a ahe t y p e d i n
S C R l P T , u n t e h b o t i i e k w i b e n o t e d .
March 1977
(The TABLE OF CONTENTS lists t h e s e c t i o n s inc luded i n
t h e i n i t i a l i s s u a n c e of t h e Handbook. A d d i t i o n a l s e c t i o n s
w i l l be added as r e q u i r e d . ) During t h e 1975 f i e l d season ,
t h e Handbook ( w i l l be) was u s e d a s a Working Document. ( i n
e f f e c t on t h e d a t e of’ i s s u a n c e . Users are reques t ed t o send
t h e R i v e r Basin Studi.es Coord ina to r , i n t h e I J C Regional
O f f i c e , Windsor, Ontaxio N9A 6T3 s u g g e s t i o n s f o r improving
t h e Handbook.) S u g g e s t i o n s r e c e i v e d from u s e r s , t h e T a s k C
T e c h n i c a l A d v i s o r y CGmmittee and t h e Data Q u a l i t y Subcommi t t ee
were t h e b a s i s for c h a n g e s made i n t h e S p r i n g o f 2 9 7 6 .
Jw~f~S&d$Zr$Zdd d% IzUgEtg Br! p r Z r f $ OddZZ$$ $&MCBMZtt%++ dP t3& Xpr$Z&Pr6*ttZr$XBd ~6pIpIZ$lt&& B P fH& Hdtt6r’ OldZrZZrty PBdfd Jdnz $dkkwC$ t%$ $PPdf$P! B f #zUpLJG Ypr +Zrfr’lpZprB d$t d dd%d ddZZZtlp LBrrttfBZ Idfd$2dpI. m+ rf&P!dTttd B P tHl$ $d~+BPrprZ$ttb&YS Jh?w JdsLZZ H+ d#l?wBl!b-Vbtt&ZlLf Zfi6Bf@dfb$4$ Z$ ttplrk BdprPMBBX.
March 1 9 7 7
2 , PARAMETER LISTS
The parameter lists will be considered to contain the general
parameters necessary to satisfy the reference, i.e. those parameters
believed to be significant causes of degradation to Great Lakes
water quality or those parameters likely to be implicated in the
transport of pollutants. To t.he extent possible and feasible, all
parameters on the list will be! investigated in all PLUARG river
basin studies.
Some parameters are essential to enhance the use of data from
the pilot watershemds for predictive capability to the Great Lakes
Basin. Each watershed project. manager will (propose to the River
Basin Studies Coordinator, for consideration by PLUARG) , : ;e lccS
those specific parameters on the list pertinent to the scope and
objectives of (the individual) h i s project. The Water Q u a l i t y
O b j e c t i v e s Subcomni i t tee ( W Q O S ) o f t h e I m p l e m e n t a t i o n Commit tee has
r a n k e d t h e s e v e r a l p a r a m e t e r s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r i m p o r t a n c e a s
p o s s i b l e c a u s e s of G r e a t Lakes; w a t e r q u a l i t y d e g r a d a t i o n . The
r a n k s a s s i g n e d arc i n d i c a t e d on t h e l i s t s u n d e r S e c t i o n s 2 . l l and
2 . 2 3 a s f o l l o w s :
* H i g h l y I m p o r t a n t
* * Medium I m p o r t a n c e
* * * DesirabZe June 1976
2 . 1 WATER SAMPLES
2 . 1 1 Parameters -__- See 3 . 4 1 -- F i l t r a t i o n
( 2 . 1 1 1 )
( T h e fo l lowing parameters are t o be run on a l l w a t e r q u a l i t y samples. )
A. N u t r i e n t s
* 1. Phosphorus
a. b. c.
T o t a l Phosphorus on U n f i l t e r e d Sample T o t a l Phosphorus on F i l t e r ed Sample D:issolved Reactive Phosphorus on F i l t e r e d
Sample
* * 2 . Nit rogen
a. Organic Ni t rogen b. Ammonium Ni t rogen c. N.itrate Ni t rogen p l u s N i t r i t e Ni t rogen
N o t e : Where n . i t r i t e N i s known t o be an impor tan t contaminant , n i t r i t e and n i t r a t e N w i l l be determined independent ly .
B. S a l t s
**1. * * *2 .
**3 . C h l o r i l d e , and/or Sodium and Potassium-Chloride on
A l k a l i n i t y - Spec i fy whether F i l t e r e d or U n f i l t e r e d Calcium-Magnesium o r Hardness - on F i l t e r e d Samples
F i l t e r e d Samples
C. Organic Parameters
**1. Organic Carbon - Spec i fy whether Tota l o r Disso lved and whether F i l t e r e d or U n f i l t e r e d
June 1 9 7 6
D. F i e l d Analyses
*l. pH "2. Dissolved Oxygen
* 4 . Tenpera ture *5. Flow
**3 . Conduc t iv i ty - Spec i fy i f n o t Run i n F i e l d
E. Phys i ca l
**1. Suspended S o l i d s (and/or T u r b i d i t y )
( 2 . 1 1 2 )
( A t t h e d isc :ce t ion of t h e watershed p r o j e c t manager, t h e
fo l lowing parameters w i l l be run less f r e q u e n t l y . )
(A) F.
***1. **2.
***3.
(€3) G o
**1. **2.
"3 . 4 . 5 .
(C) H.
***1. * *2 .
***3 . * * 4 . *5. *6. "7 .
* * 9 . *a.
(D) I.
**1. * * 2 . **3.
S a l t s
Su i f a te Dii;solved Reac t ive S i l ica te as S i l i c o n I r o n (and/or Aluminum) -- T o t a l
Organics
P heno l i c s Cyanide -- Free H C N P e s t i c i d e Scan PC3s -- a t d e s c r e t i o n of i n v e s t i g a t o r C h l o r o p h y l l G -- A t d e s c r e t i o n of i n v e s t i g a t o r
Metals o r E l e m e n t s -- T o t a l e x c e p t Mercury
Chromium Arsenic Selenium Ni z k e l Ca~ilmium Mercury -- f i l t e r e d sample Copper L e ad Z i n c
B a c t e r i o l o g i c a l Analyses
T o t a l Coliform Fecal Coliform Feca l S t r e p t o c o c c i
March
I
977
2 . 2 SEDIMENT, RIVERBANK MATERIALS AND SOIL SAMPLES
2.21 Introduction
The parameter :List under 2.23 -- Parameters will be used for suspended sediments, bottom sediments, riverbank or shore-
line materials, and soil samples.
Sample residual-s will be retained for later analysis
for parameters not initially investigaged.
and storage of such samples will be emphasized.
Proper preparation
2.22 Definitions
Each investigat.or will adequately define sediments in
terms of method of e'ampling, as well as method of handling -- sieving, filtering, separation cut of organics, etc., -- so that the study reports will show what an analysis of "sediment"
means relative to the "sediment's" origin, mode of transport
and fate.
All sediments will be labelled as organic, inorganic,
or mixtures of the two.
The following definitions and discussion, provided by
the U.S. Geological Survey, will be used for definition
purposes by each investigator.
July 1975
2.221 Sediment -
In the broadest sense, sediment is defined as --
"Solid material, both mineral and organic, that
is in suspension, is being transported, or has
been moved from its site of origin by air, water,
gravity or ice and has come to rest on the earth's
surface either above or below sea level." Sediment
is further defined as "that material passing through
a 2 mn screen and retained on a 0.45 um filter".
2.222 Suspended Sediments - The amount and nature of materials dispersed in water
-- streams, lakes, rivers, etc. -- is highly variable. Some suspended materials become bottom sediment as
soon as quiescent conditions exist. Bottom sediments
exposed to high hydraulic or energy conditions,
specifically those fractions below 2 mm in diameter
and particularly below 10 vm, become suspended
sediments. The particulates filtered from water
samples should be looked upon as suspended sediment.
For PLUARG studies, suspended sediment is defined
as that sediment in suspension that can be sampled
with existing samplers and are coarse enough to be
retained on a 0.45 vm filter. For instance,
July 1975
suspended i n o r g a n i c sediment i s t h e i n o r g a n i c or
mine ra l p o r t i o n of t h e sediments be ing c a r r i e d i n
suspension t h a t are coarse enough t o be r e t a i n e d on
a 0 . 4 5 V r n f i l t e r .
2 . 2 2 3 Bottom Sediments
T h e problem of d i f f e r e n t i a t i n g between "bedload
sediment" and "bottom sediment' ' has been cons idered
by t e c h n i c a l a d v i s o r s t o PLUARG. The d e c i s i o n
has been made t o drop t h e term "bedload". The work
underway under PLUARG i n New York on e v a l u a t i n g t h e
Bogardi Bedload Sampler may r e s u l t i n f u r t h e r con-
s iderat ion of t h i s d e c i s i o n .
I n t h e broadest s e n s e , bottom sediment -- f l u v i a l -- i s d e f i n e d as -- "The sediment which forms t h e
bed of a stream o r o t h e r body of water." The
t e r m , bed mater ia l , i s used g e n e r a l l y i n t h e same
sense ; however, it g e n e r a l l y r e f e r s t o i n o r g a n i c
sediments .
For PLUARG s t u d i e s , bottom sediment i s d e f i n e d a s
t h e unconso l ida t ed ma. ter ia1 l y i n g i n t h e t o p 5 t o 10
c e n t i m e t e r s of a w a t e r cou r se bottom, ranging i n
s i z e between 0 . 4 5 um and 2 mm, and t h a t can be
J u l y 1975
sampled us ing c u r r e n t l y a v a i l a b l e sampling equipment.
Examples of such samplers are t h e USBM-54 and
USBMH -60.
Samples of bottom sediments c o l l e c t e d by c o r i n g
devicses must be so d e f i n e d i n t e r m s of depth of
m a t e r , i a l sampled re la t ive t o t h e bed s u r f a c e
e l e v a t i o n , etc.
2 . 2 3 Parameters
(To t h e e x t m t p o s s i b l e and f e a s i b l e , t h e fo l lowing parameters
w i l l be i n v e s t i g c t e d i n a l l PLUARG r i v e r b a s i n s t u d i e s . )
A. T o t a l E'hosphorus
*l. Non-Apatite Ino rgan ic Phosphorus *2. Apz. t i te Phosphorus * 3 . Orqanic Phosphorus
**B. Total K je ldah l Ni t rogen
**C. Ammonia Ni t rogen (NH4) -- E x t r a c t a b l e -- S o l u t i o n be ing 1.N. or 2 N . KCI1
D . E x t r a c t a b l e -- E x t r a c t i o n S o l u t i o n be ing 1 N . B a C 1 2 . N o t e : ZN. NH40Ac i:s recommended by U. S . S o i l C o n s e r v a t i o n S e r v i c e e x e e p t f o r c a l c a r e o u s s o i l s .
***1. Calcium * * *2 . Magnesium * * * 3 . Sodium *** 4 . Potassium
E. D i th io r t i t e - C i t r a t e
**1. I r a n (F ree i ron o x i d e s ) * * 2. Manganese
June 1 9 7 6
**1. I r o n * * * 2 . Aluminum (Se lec t ed samples)
G. Heavy Metals or EZements - - T o t a l
***1. **2.
***3. **4.
*5. *6 . *7. * 8 .
* * 9 . * * * l o . ***11. ***12.
13.
C hromiun Arsenic S e 1 e n i u n Nicke l Cadmium Mercury Copper Lead Zinc Cobal t T in Manganese Others as a p p r o p r i a t e i n p a r t i c u l a r s i t u a t i o n s
***H. T o t a l S u l f u r (On selected samples , u s ing Reference: S o i l Sc ience Soc ie ty of American Proceedings 34:62, 1 9 7 0 )
(See Thompson, J. F . , under 9. -- REFERENCES)
*J. Cat ion Exchange Capaci ty -- Direct Method, u s ing 1 N . B a C 1 2 . N o t e : 1N. N H 4 0 A c is recommended by U. S. S o z l C o n s e r v a t i o n S e r v i c e .
1. On T o t a l Sediment Sample 2 . On S e l e c t e d Samples of Clay F r a c t i o n (<2p)
**K. Total Carbonates
*L. Organic Mat.ter
1. Tota l Carbon 2 . Organic: Carbon (Tota l Carbon - Ino rgan ic Carbon)
*M. pH (one t o one soi l -water , measured i n t h e f i e l d )
*N. Par t ic le Si.ze D i s t r i b u t i o n
1. E l e c t r o l y t e Dispersed: s i e v e + sedimenta t ion 2 . Water Dispersed (on selected samples)
0 . O r g a n i c s - - . A t d e s c r e t i o n of i n v e s t i g a t o r
2. Pes t i c i d e s 2 . P C B s 3 . Organo- P O Z Z u t a n t C o e x t r a c t i v e s
June 1 9 7 6
3 , SAMPLE COLLECTION
3.1 GENERAL
Please refer to 6.3 DOCUMENTATION OF METHODOLOGY in section
6 . of this Handbook on ANALYSIS QUALITY CONTROL and to the publica-
tions listed under 9. REFERENCES.
SampZe coLLe(? t ion i n f o r m a t i o n avaiLabZe f o r Loan in t h e I J C
R e g i o n a l Office Library is shown in section 9 -- REFERENCES.
3.2 SITE SELECTIt3N - A statement of objectives will be examined for each site.
This will allow for adequate consideration of:
-- the land use activity to be studied -- i.e., what is to be measured?
-- the stream use, i.e., can what is there be measured? -- the suitability of the site to meet the objectives, -- the history of the site, if available, -- the site access and utilities availability, -- the availability of instrumentation, -- the availability of historical data for the site.
Inherent in individual site selection are the basic considerations
r e l a t i n g t o the b a s i n as a whole, such as basin characteristics -- size, soils, geology, etc.; an adequate watershed description --
June 1976
lots, housing, population density, etc.; the availability o f
(other hydrometric) h;ydroZogic data -- precipitation, streamflow etc.; the degree of representativeness of the basin in terms of a
larger area; the degree to which information from the basin can be
used for prediction purposes outside the watershed: and the
effects of basin characteristics on the parameters to be studied.
Site selection depend:; upon the availability of a review of
existing data so that the abovementioned factors can be considered.
3 . 3 STREAMFLOW MONITORING
Streamflow monitoring will be carried out on a continuous
basis wherever possib:Le in order to provide a high degree of
accuracy in the prepa:ration of hydrographs. Where continuous
monitoring is not possible and flows are estimated or extrap-
olated, an estimate o:E the precision -- confidence limits -- of the data will be given. At least daily hydrographs are required.
(and) Both h i g h and low flows are considered to be (the least)
important measurements relative to determining total loadings to
the Great Lakes.
3 . 4 WATER QUALITY MONITORING
Water quality monitoring will be carried out on a continuous
basis -- automatic sainpling -- wherever possible. The smaller the
June 1976
watershed, the greater is the need for frequent sampling. Auto-
matic sampling will be desirable to assess the response of small
watersheds to climatological and physical events. Automatic
sampling can be expected to cover the rising (limb) s t a g e of the
hydrograph (on the occasion of) d u r i n g a rainfall/runoff event and
to (cover a specific application of a chemical) sample f o r s p e c i f i -
c a l Z y d e s i g n a t e d c n a l y s e s in a small watershed. Although automatic
sampling will be point sampling, for small watersheds the varia-
bility of water quality with time (or flow) will be more important
than its variabi1:-ty as a result of the cross-sectional area.
Even with automated sampling systems a manual backup provided by
an on-site technician is necessary to ensure the operation of the
automatic monitor, to collect and ship bacteriological samples,
and to carry out .,hose tests which cannot be delayed until the
samples reach the laboratory.
P r o v i s i o n s w . i l 1 b e made in a22 d a t a s t o r a g e systems t o i d e n t i f y
t h e d a t a - c o l l e c t i o n t e c h n i q u e - - manual o r a u t o m a t i c . An e v e n t
marker , or e q u i v a l e n t d e v i c e t ~ i l Z b e employed s o t h a t s a m p l i n g
t i m e can b e a c c u r a t e l y d e t e r m i n e d and e q u a t e d t o a c o r r e s p o n d i n g ,
i n s t a n t a n e o u s d i s ( i h a r g e vaZue .
A l l m a t e r i a l s c o m p r i s i n g t h e a u t o m a t i c s a m p l e r w i l l be
i n v e n t o r i e d and d9cumented f o r p o s s i b Z e c o n t a m i n a t i o n s o u r c e s .
A n a l y s i s of d i s t i Z l e d w a t e r sampZes t h a t have p a s s e d t h r o u g h t h e
a u t o m a t i c s a m p l e r s y s t e m , w i Z 1 p r o v i d e a q u a n t i t a t i v e c h e c k on t h e
d e g r e e o f c o n t a m i n a t i o n a t t r i b u t a b l e t o t h e s a m p l e r . S p e c i a l
a t t e n t i o n i n t h i s r e g a r d shouZd be g i v e n t o samples f o r h e a v y
m e t a l s a n a l y s e s .
June 1976
The d u r a t i o n and e f f i c i e n c y o f t h e p u r g i n g c y c l e w i l l be
documented f o r e a c h s t a t i o n . r t is p r e f e r a b Z e t h a t t h e i n t a k e l i n e
be compr i sed o f t r a n s p a r e n t m a t e r i a l , s o t h a t s e d i m e n t b u i l d u p can
b e n o t e d and c o r r e c t e d by a d d i t i o n a l back-wash. T o a v o i d l e n g t h y
d e l a y s from sampZe c o l l e c t i o n t o sample a n a l y s i s , t h e a u t o m a t i c
sampler i n s t a l l a t i o n w i l l be s e r v i c e d a s f r e q u e n t l y a s p o s s i b l e .
Some a b s o r p t i o n on c o n t a i n e r w a l l s can be e x p e c t e d s i n c e t h e
c o n t a i n e r s c a n n o t be p r e - r i n s e d w i t h a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e sample of
s t r e a m w a t e r . The t e m p e r a t u r e of t:he h o u s i n g s t r u c t u r e f o r t h e
a u t o m a t i c sampler s h o u l d be c o n t r o l . l e d t o an optimum s t o r a g e
t e m p e r a t u r e of 4' C.
s i m p l e in t h e w i n t e r mon ths and i m p o s s i b l e in t h e summer h e a t ,
u n l e s s r e f r i g e r a t i o n u n i t s a r e i n s t a l l e d . Immedia te f i e l d f i l -
t r a t i o n t h r o u g h an au tomated system p r e s e n t l y a p p e a r s i m p o s s i b l e .
hrinter t h e r m o s t a t r e g u l a t i o n makes t h i s t a s k
When f i e l d t e c h n i c i a n s s e r v i c e t h e a u t o m a t i c sampler i n s t a l l a -
t i o n s , a compar i son sarqp2.e w i l l be t a k e n by sumpzing i n t h e
p r e s c r i b e d manual fashaion and t h e n i m m e d i a t e l y a c t i v a t i n g t h e
a u t o m a t i c s a m p l e r . Pe : r iod ic manual samples a r e n e c e s s a r y a t a l l
a u t o m a t i c sampler l o c a t i o n s t o d e t z r m i n e t h e h o r i z o n t a l a s we22 a s
v e r t i c a l c r o s s - s e c t i o n a l v a r i a t i o n s a t v a r i o u s s t r e a m s t a g e
c o n d i t i o n s . S i n c e t h e i n t a k e l o c a t i o n of t h e a u t o m a t i c sampler
i s f i x e d n e a r t h e s t r e z m b e d , i t is a n t i c i p a t e d t h a t suspended
s e d i m e n t samples eo 2 Z e s t e d a u t o m a t i c a l Zy d u r i n g h i g h f low
c o n d i t i o n s w i l l be compr i sed l a r g e l y of b e d l o a d . Comparing
au tomated and m a n u a l l y c o l Z e c t e d samples t h r o u g h a f u l l range o f
June 1976
s t r e a m f low d ischar ige v a l u e s w i . l l y i e l d s p e c i f i c r e l a t i o n s h i p s for
d e t e r m i n i n g t r u e c h e m i c a l and p h y s i c a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a t e a c h s i t e .
F l o a t i n g a u t o m a t i c s a m p l e r i n t a k e s appear a s t h e s o l u t i o n t o t h e
u n r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s:yngZe p o i n t s a m p l e . However, f l o a t i n g i n t a k e s
a r e s u b j e c t t o i c e and Z i v e s t o e k damage, v a n d a l i s m , and a d d i t i o n a l
c o n t a m i n a t i o n from e l a b o r a t e s c r e e n i n g and p r o t e c t i v e d e v i c e s .
The documenta; : ion o f s t o r a g e t i m e i s e s s e n t i a l s o t h a t
e m p h a s i s w i l l b e a s s i g n e d t o v a l u e s o b t a i n e d f r o m f r e s h s a m p l e s .
3.41 Filtration
Field fi1trat:Lon through ii 0.451.1 filter will be done on
samples to be analyzed for s o l u b l e nutrients; and, if possible,
for other parameters for which analysis on filtered samples is
indicated.
other than nutrients, if field filtration of large volumes of
samples is not feasible.) When f i l t r a t i o n t i m e s a r e e x c e s s i v e due
t o h i g h s e d i m e n t c o n t e n t , s a m p l e s may b e f i l t e r e d i n t h e f i e l d
t h r o u g h a 1 o r 2wm g l a s s f i b r e f i l t e r . The f i Z t r a t e wiZ.1 be
f o r w a r d e d t o t h e l t rbora tory p r e f e r a b l y r e f r i g e r a t e d a t 4 C ,
where a p o r t i o n w i ; ! Z b e f i l t e r e d t h r o u g h a s u i t a b l e 0 . 4 5 w m p o r e -
s i z e f i l t e r b e f o r e a n a l y s i s .
(Laboratory filtration may be required for parameters,
0
Samples and r c s u l t s m u s t b e i d e n t i f i e d a s t o w h e t h e r t h e y
were f i l t e r e d i n tize f i e l d a n d / o r t h e l a b o r a t o r y i n d i c a t i n g t h e
t y p e and make of tiae f i l t e r o r f i l t e r s u s e d i n t h e f i e l d a n d / o r
t h e l a b o r a t o r y .
R e g a r d l e s s of t h e f i t t r a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s u s e d , d o c u m e n t a t i o n
Of m e t h o d o l o g y i s Iqequired a s i n d i c a t e d in 6 . 3 - - DOCUMENTATION O F
M E T H O D O L O G Y . June 1976
3.5 SEDIMENT SAMPLING
Sediment sampling will be carried out above and below reser-
voirs and in proximity of the Great Lakes so that an estimate of
total s e d i m e n t and sea ' imen t a s s o c i a t e d c h e m i c a l loadings can be
determined. Additionz.lly, in selected watersheds sediment samples
will be taken at progressively d i s t a n t locations from the head-
waters and downstream locations to investigate transport mechanisms
and changes in pollutant content associated with streamflow. The
frequency of sampling needs to be adequate to relate to the total
flow hydrograph to establish total loading volumes.
I
3.51 Suspended Sediment -
The problem of obtaining (an adequate quantity and) repre-
sentative sediment samples of a d e q u a t e s i z e is recognized.
Compositing (particulates) s e d i m e n t from several separate samplings
over the season, however, in order to have a sufficient quantity
of sediment for analy:;is, can produce questionable data.
New Y o r k h a s bee,z s u c c e s s f u l i n a n a l y z i n g p a r t i c u 2 a t e . s
c o l l e c t e d on a 0 . 4 5 m i Z Z i p o r e f i l t e r f r o m 2 - l i t e r Mater samples
f r o m t h e Genessee R i v , ? r . They r e p o r t t h a t t h i s method of s u s -
pended s e d i m e n t c o l l e z t i o n and s u b s e q u e n t a n a l y s i s i s r e l i a b l e and
r e p r o d u c i b l e .
June 1976
The Canadian (Centre for Inland Waters (CCIW) has been using
for some years a clmtinuous centrifuge for separating particulates
from 600-1200 liters of sample. The unit is transported from site
to site to permit separation of fresh samples. The estimated cost
of the centrifuge .mit, including truck and generator, is $70,000.
Those desiring further information on this technique should contact
CCIW.
3.52 Bottom Sediment
(Samples) Sed, iments will :be (removed from) sampZed at loca-
tions that have had deposition from upstreax. It is appropriate
to composite the individual field samples for laboratory analysis.
A sufficient numbex of samples will be taken to ensure representa-
tive results, realizing that it is not feasible to predetermine
the minimum number of samples generally needed to be taken for all
locations in the basin. Investigators are referred to publications
listed under 9. -- REFERENCES for information on this subject.
i
June 1976
3.6 SAMPLING FREQUENCY -
3.61 General
NOTE: This Subsection is being added to the Handbook
in March 1977 and is not typed in script.
REFERENCE: Sampling Techniques, Second E d i t i o n , William
G. Cochran, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1963.
Sampling frequency is defined as the number of samples
to be taken over a specified period of time. In IJC work on
the Great Lakes the period of time specified, unless otherwise
noted, is the water year, whicn has been generally understood
to be October 1 to September 30. In the diswssions which
follows, sampling frequency is understood to mean the
number of samples to be obtained over a water year.
In calculating the number of samples necessary, it is assumed that random sampling will be employed, and unless otherwise noted, that simple random sampling will b2 employed. By simple random sampling it is understood that each individual in the population has an equal probability of being in the sample and that the probability of an individual's being in the sample is not related to the presence or absence of any other individual in the sample.
-7
If sampling schemes which do not incorporate random sampling are employed in the collection of data, it is difEicult to know what nontrivial inferences, if any, may be made from the data.
March 1977
I n d e a l i n g wi th t h e q u e s t i o n of t h e r e q u i r e d number of
samples, t h e desired p r e c i s i o n a t a s p e c i f i e d p r o b a b i l i t y of
be ing correct i s o f t e n expressed by t h e i n v e s t i g a t o r i n
terms of some pe rcen tage of t h e mean or t o t a l , e .g . w i t h i n
+ 1 0 % of t h e t r u e mean or t o t a l w i t h a p r o b a b i l i t y of 0 .95
of be ing correct. However, s i n c e t h e popu la t ion mean or
t o t a l is n o t known, 1 0 % of t h e mean or t o t a l i s unknown
also. O f c o u r s e a guess or p r i o r estimate of t h e mean o r
t o t a l could be used as a b a s i s f o r s e t t i n g t h e amount of
d e v i a t i o n which can be t o l e r a t e d , b u t u s u a l l y a l i t t l e
thought c a n deve lop a better assessment of a l lowab le d e v i a t i o n
t h a n a pe rcen tage of an unknown va lue . Moreover, it should
be noted t h a t i n e s t i m a t i n s t h e r e q u i r e d number of samples,
knowledge concerni-ng t h e popu la t ion mean o r t o t a l i s n o t
necessa ry , rather some estimate of t h e p a p u l a t i o n v a r i a n c e ,
d2, i s needed, sirice t h e d i s p e r s i o n of t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n is
t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c : c r u c i a l t o e s t i m a t i o n of t h e needed
number of samples.
A simple example:
-
Suppose an es t imate i s r e q u i r e d of t h e number of samples
necessa ry t o de te rmine t h e mean d a i l y phosphorus load ing a t
a t r i b u t a r y mouth. From p rev ious work an e s t i m a t e of t h e
popu la t ion v a r i a n c e , g 2 , of 28.6 kg/day i s a v a i l a b l e w i t h 14
degrees of freedom. The i n v e s t i g a t o r i n charge of t h e
p r o j e c t h a s decidemd t h a t he can a c c e p t a d e v i a t i o n , d , of
March 1977
2 . 7 4 kg/day f r o m t h e t r u e mean d a i l y phosphorus load ing and
is w i l l i n g t o a c c e p t a, p r o b a b i l i t y of 0 .95 of be ing correct.
Accept ing t h i s p r o b a b i l i t y is e q u i v a l e n t t o a c c e p t i n g a
p r o b a b i l i t y , a , of 0 .05 of be ing i n c o r r e c t .
The formula for es t ima t ing t h e r e q u i r e d number of samples, n , is:
d2 . . . ( equa t ion 1)
w h e r e S2 and d are a s exp la ined above and t = 2.145,
which i s t h e v a l u e of t h e upper pe rcen tage p o i n t , 2- ta i led =
0.05 , of t h e t d i s t r i b u t i o n w i t h 1 4 d e g r e e s of freedom.
n = (2.14512 X 28.6 ( 2 . 7 4 )
= 17.5
The r e q u i r e d number of samples i s t h e r e f o r e 1 8 .
I t should be emphasized t h a t t h e i n v e s t i g a t o r has t o
make t w o d e c i s i o n s b e f o r e t h e number of samples needed can
be estimated: b o t h a c c e p t a b l e d e v i a t i o n and p r o b a b i l i t y of
be ing correct must be s p e c i f i e d . :ln t h e example, t h e a c c e p t a b l e
d e v i a t i o n w a s s e l e c t e d so t h a t t h e y e a r l y l o a d i n g estimate
would be w i t h i n 1 metric t o n of t h e t r u e l o a d i n g ( 2 . 7 4 kg x
365 = 1,000 kg = 1 metric t o n ) . The p r o b a b i l i t y level of
0.95 w a s chosen because odds of 1 9 t o 1 of be ing correct
w e r e deemed a n acceptable r i s k . I n d e c i d i n g on an a c c e p t a b l e
r i s k t h e i n v e s t i g a t o r must weigh t h e consequences of be ing
i n c o r r e c t .
March 1977
The example assumes that the sample mean is the estimator
which will be used to estimate the population mean. If a
ratio estimator will be used rather than the sample mean,
then in place of g2, the estimated population variance,
another value should be used. It is the estimated mean-
square-error of thiz ratio estimator multiplied by the number
of measurements from which it was derived.
* * * * * * * In the simple example given above there is an underlying
assumption that the distribution of the population of phosphorus
loadings is suffic:-ently well represented by the normal
distribution to allow confidenc:e in the variance estimate,
.G2, together with the use of the t distribution. In some
cases this assumption will be reasonable, br;t in many cases
it will not be. Anlong the latter are estimations of tributary
loadings when it if known that a major portion of the year's
loading stems from a few high flow events. In the discussion
which follows a method for dealing with such cases is given.
The method i s to d i v i d e t h e population t o be sampled
into portions or strata.
two strata should suffice; one strata is the periods of high
flow events, and ths second strata is the remainder of the
water year. Within each strata, simple random sampling is
to be practiced, but the overall sampling plan incorporates
stratified random stampling.
In the case of tributary sampling
March 1977
As before the number of samples needed is to be determined.
In addition, the alLocation of sampling between the strata must
be considered.
The prior information required includes estimates of the
variances within strata and estimates of the sizes of the
strata. In some sampling situations the sizes of the strata are
known beforehand, but this will obviously not be the case
with the number of days during which high flow events will occur,
- a number which will vary from year to year. However, examination
of the historic record for several years will provide an estimate
of how many such days to expect.
An example with stratified sampling:
Suppose an estimate is require6 of the number of samples
necessary to determine the mean daily phosphorus loading at
a tributary mouth. From previous work the following estimates
of population variances are available: an estimate of the
variance within periDds of high flow events, El2, of 215.8
with degrees of freedom, fl = 9, and an estimate of the
variance within the remainder of the water year, $ 2 2 , of
23.3 with degrees of freedom, f2 = 12.
In addition, ex,imination of the historic record gives
an average of 57 days per year of high flow events, N1,
leaving 308 days per year, Nz, for the expected strata size
for the remainder of the year. N = N1 + N2 = 365.
March 1977
A s before the investigator has decided he can accept a
deviation, d, of 2 . 7 4 kg/day from the true mean daily phosphorus
loading and has decided on an a = 0.05 as an acceptable risk
of being incorrect.
The formula fx- estimating the required number of samples, n, is:
where all symPols are as given above except for t which now has
to be determined.
There are two different separate variance estimates,
i 2 1 z , and $ z 2 , for.the population variances within the separate
strata. There are estimates of variances of different
populations and ma'y not be pooled in the usual manner for
combining different estimates of the variance of the same
population. The formula for determining the effective
number of degrees of freedom, f, for the combined estimate
of the variance of two populations is:
. . . (equation 3 )
March 1977
For the given data:
308' 2 215.8 + - 23.3
f = 12+1 = 19.513 215.82 308' 23.32 9 + [mi] 12
The effective number of degrees of freedom is therefore 19.513.
The value of the upper percentage point, 2-tailed = 0.05, of
the t distribution with 19 degrees of freedom is 2.093; the
corresponding value with 20 degrees of freedom is 2.086.
Using linear interpo1.ation a value of t = 2.089 is obtained.
Utilizing this value for t in equation 2, the required
number of samples, n, is:
2.089 n = = 23.57
;!.742
Either 23 or 24 samples will be required, depending upon
rounding, following allocation of samples between the two
strata.
The formula for determining the number of samples, ni,
to be obtained from each strata is:
Nisi ni= n - . . . (equation 4)
INisi
The number of samples required from the high flow
s t r a t a is given by,
= 8.49 5 7 m nl = 23.57 5 7 m + 3 0 8 m
Therefore 8 samples would be required from the high flow
strata.
March 1977
The number c f samples r e q u i r e d from t h e second s t r a t a
i s g iven by,
= 15.08 3 0 8 m n2 = 23.57
5 7 m + 3 0 8 m
There fo re 15 sampLes would be r e q u i r e d from t h e second, non-
h igh f low s t ra ta .
A s was noted i n t h e d i s c u s s i o n of t h e s imple example,
i f r a t i o estimators w i l l be used r a t h e r t h a n sample means,
then t h e e s t i m a t e d mean-square-error of each r a t i o estimator,
m u l t i p l i e d by t h e number of measurements f r o m which it was
d e r i v e d should be used i n p l a c e of t h e w i t h i n s t r a t a popu la t ion
v a r i a n c e es t imate , 3 i * I f once t h e -dater y e a r has begun, it appea r s t h e y e a r
w i l l be w e t t e r t h ' m u s u a l w i t h a g r e a t e r t h a n expec ted
number of h igh f low e v e n t 2ays t h e n sampling can be i n c r e a s e d
d u r i n g such event , s . S i m i l a r i l y , i f t h e un fo ld ing y e a r
appea r s t o be d r i e r t h a n u s u a l t h e n sampling can be i n c r e a s e d
w i t h i n t h e non-high f l o w s t ra ta .
I n p r a c t i c e , it i s u n l i k e l y t h a t t r u e random sampling
can be p r a c t i c e d d u r i n g t h e s t r a t a of h igh f l o w e v e n t s . I f
care i s t aken t o sample such e v e n t s through bo th t h e r i s i n g
and f a l l i n g p e r i o d s of t h e hydrograph t h e r e s u l t s should n o t
be unduly b i a s e d .
March 1 9 7 7
Finally, it should be emphasized that N is taken as 365
for convenience in calculation. It is recognized that no
day is sampled completely; instead the results obtained at a
moment during the day are attributed to the entire day. If
a program involves sampling several times a day, the results
can be attributed to shorter time periods and N appropriately
increased.
Estimating the population mean and the variance of the
estimate with stratified sampling:
Suppose that sampling were carried out using the estimated
number of samples needed as indicated by the stratified
sampling example, and the following results obtained. The
mean daily sample loading for high flow events, ml, is 41.5
kg/day with an estimated population variance for the strata,
$ 1 2 , of 311.7 with f l = 7 degrees of freedom. The mean
daily sample loading for non-high flow periods, m2, is 7.8
kg/day with an estimated population variance for the strata,
3 z 2 , of 19.6 with f2 = 14 degrees of freedom. The number of
high flow event days during the water year, Nl, is 48 days.
The formula for calculating the estimate of the mean
daily loading, m, for the year is:
For the data given,
March 1977
The estimated variance of the mean daily loading, e:, may be
obtained from the formula:
. . . (equation 6)
For the given data,
X 311.7 + - 3172 X 19.6) = 1.659 365 1 5 3; =
The effective deg:cees of freedom associated with this estimate may be
found through equation 3,
2 l g X 311.7 + - = 20.512 15 f =
311.72 + [r] 19-62 317' 7 14
The interpol(1ted value of the t distribution with
20.512 degrees of freedom, 2-tailed = 0.05, is 2.083, which
gives 9 5 % confidence limits for m of
m -t- 2.083 -53 -- or
m -- -k 2.68 kg/day
This method of estimating the population mean and its variance
may be employed even though simple random sampling rather
than stratified random sampling was the sampling method
used, provided.thiit the strata boundary was selected prior
March 1977
t o examinat ion of t h e sample d a t a . However, t h e i n c r e a s e d
e f f i c i e n c y of s t r a t i f i e d random sampling depends upon proper
a l l o c a t i o n of sampling between s t ra ta .
3.62 Water
Stream sampling w i l l be scheduled p e r i o d i c a l l y throughout
t h e y e a r . Where automated sampling i s n o t p o s s i b l e , depth-
i n t e g r a t e d samples wi.11 be t aken on a f r e q u e n t b a s i s .
Arrangements a l s o w i l l be made t o o b t a i n samples on a n
e v e n t , e .g . h igh runoEf and " s p r i n g f l u s h " p e r i o d s b a s i s .
Every e f f o r t w i l l be made t o o b t a i n severaZ ( e v e n t ) samples
p e r e v e n t t o pe rmi t h t e g r a t i n g d a t a f o r t h e e n t i r e even t .
3 . 6 3 Sediment
B o t t o m sediment :samples w i l l be (removed) coZZected t o
pe rmi t c h a r a c t e r i z i n g t h e g e o l o g i c and mine ra log ic n a t u r e of
t h e watersheds .
(Samples o f ) The sampZing f r z q u e n c y for bottom and
suspended sediments w i l l be ( t aken f r e q u e n t l y enough) seZec ted
t o (pe rmi t e s t i m a t i n g ) provide an e s t i m a t e of (1) t h e amount and
n a t u r e of p o l l u t a n t c o n t r i b u t i o n s moving from t h e p i l o t watersheds: and
March 1 9 7 7
( 2 ) the changes in the nature and amount of pollutants "carried"
by sediments in streamflows; i.e. changes associated with trans-
port and depositior. mechanisms.
Where automatemd sampling is not possible, depth-integrated
grab samples will be taken on a frequent basis.
Sediment sampling, particularly suspended sediment, is
especially importarlt during the "spring flush". Specific plans
and arrangements will be made by responsible investigators to
obtain samples duri ng this event.
3 . 7 G R O U N D WATER S A M P L I N G
2'here is no s t a n d a r d i z e d method of sample c o l l e c t i o n in t h e
ground-wa ter s t u d i e s . Hand b a i l e r s , hand vacuum pumps, b a t t e r y -
o p e r a t e d e l e c t r i c p e r i s t a l t i c t u b i n g pumps, and g a s - d r i v e n c e n t r i -
f u g a l pumps a r e a l i : u s e d for f ; ! u s h i n g o u t and s a m p l i n g ground-
w a t e r w e l l s . The e f f e c t of t h e s e v a r i o u s me thods on q u a l i t y
c o n t r o l i s unknown. S p e c i f i c r e s e a r c h w i l l be r e q u i r e d i n o r d e r
t o s e l e c t t h e mos t e f f i c i e n t and a c c u r a t e method for ground-wa ter
sample c o l l e c t i o n .
June 1976
4, SAMPLE HANDLING
No recommendations for uniformity on sample handling between
projects are provided at this time. Each responsible investigator
will maintain a record of samp:Le handling procedures and sample
preservation techn:&ques -- from field to laboratory -- for each para- meter investigated,, Refer to 6 . 3 DOCUMENTATION OF METHODOLOGY in
section 6 . ANALYSIS QUALITY CONTROL.
Sample residuals will be retained for later analysis for
parameters not initially investigated.
Attention is called to Section 9.0 on REFERENCES; and, all
investigators are :requested to send the River Basin Studies
Coordinator, IJC Regional Office, any information on this subject
they wish to share with others involved in PLUARG.
Sample h a n d l i n g i n f o r m a t i o n a v a i l a b l e f o r l o a n i n t h e IJC
R e g i o n a l O f f i c e L i h r a r y i s shown i n s e c t i o n 9 . - - REFERENCES.
June 1976
5, SAMPLE PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS
Laboratory procedures will be at the discretion of the
particular 1aborat.ory supervisor, except as noted above under
2. -- PARAMETER LISTS for certain specific parameters. Please refer to 6.3 -- DOCUMENTATION . .. OF METHODOLOGY in -
section 6. -- ANALYSIS QUALITY CONTROL and to the publications listed under 9. --- REFERENCES.,
Samp l e p repa iaa t ion and a n a l y s i s i n f o r m a t i o n a v a i l a b l e
f o r l o a n i n t h e I c r C R e g i o n a l O f f i c e L i b r a r y i s shown in
s e e t i o n 9 . -- R E F E R E N C E S .
June 1976
6, ANALYSIS QUALITY CONTROL
United States and Canadian laboratory analyses will be CO-
ordinated under headings as follows:
-- Blind Replicates from Field to Laboratories
-- Reference and Natural Samples for Between-Laboratory
C om]) a r i son s
-- Docinnentation of Methodology
-- In-Laboratory Quality Control.
6.1 BLIND REPLICATES FROM FIELD TO LABORATORIES
Each project in which field samples of water, sediment or
soil are collected for laboratory analyses will be involved in
this aspect of quality control.
Replicate samples will be taken in the field at the time and
place of the base line sampling schedule -- not for special event sampling, unless *:he project manager desires to do so -- as follows:
-- in any watershed or project with up to 25 sites,
one site will be sampled in replicate;
-- in any watershed or project with more than 25 sites,
not less than one sample site in each 25 will be
sampled in r e p l i c a t e , e . g . a watershed with 26
July 1975
sampling sites will require that 2 sites be sampled
in replicate.
The replicate samples will be (removed) i n d i v i d u a l l y coZZec ted
from the same site (separately) -- not one sample removed from the site and dividing and allocating i t (to two sample) t o two containers.
It is desirable to collect the replicate samples simultaneously.
Recognizing the difficulty of doing so , however, the sampler
should record the exact time each replicate sample is removed.
Where a u t o m a t i c s a m p l e r s a r e u s e d wh ich c a n n o t c o l l e c t two samples
s imuZtaneousZy , r e p l i c a t e samples shouZd be c o l l e c t e d by manual
g r a b s . Samples will kle coded (labelled without special designa-
tion in order) so that the replicate samples (will be submitted
"blind" along with a l l other samples for) c a n n o t be i d e n t i f i e d
p r i o r t o o r d u r i n g routine ana1ysi.s.
The project manager -- leader, principal investigator -- will be responsible for designating the site and timing of replicate
samples and the ongoing evaluation of data from them. This will
i n c l u d e (prompt n o t i f i c a t i o n of) p r o m p t Z y n o t i f y i n g the laboratory
section chief (of the results) of his d a t a evaluation (of data)
for replicate samples. The project manager will (notify) p r o v i d e
the River Basin Studies Coordinator (of) w i t h the schedule and
results of replicate sampling and a d i s c u s s i o n of p r o b l e m s . Such
r e p o r t s w i l l be submijbted a t l e a s t q u a r t e r l y .
June 1976
6 . 2 REFERENCE AND NATURAL SAMPLES FOR BETWEEN-LABORATORY COMPARISONS
6.21 Reference Samples
The Rrr/#f #j@i$ $$$$$bfi $?$&$$&fj!&, S W Z i O h S c i e n t . i n t , located [ in the IJC Regiocal Office, will be responsible for periodically
sending reference samples, both synthetic and stabilized
natural, to the participating laboratories fo r analyses.
The participating laboratories will promptly analyze the
samples and send their results to the $?!$jdf&i&dj!$f SeniOh
S ci e n t i a t .
6.22 Round-Robins
Participating laboratories will be asked to identify
existing intercomparisons in which they are participating,
or have participated, and to provide a tabulation of the
data and identify their performance to the fiZ$$f @&$XPr $ji@@fZ&i ~!@@$@fZ$,dj$%Z SeniOh ScienXtiaX.
The $?!j%$f@fijdj!p5f S e n i o h SCienXiAZ will identify the
projects requiring similar laboratory analytical functions.
He will then ask the managers of such projects to initiate
regular sample exchange programs to assess on a continuing
basis the degree of data compatibility. Program managers
are to inform the @jdj%f$Zfijdj!$f Sen ioh S c i e n t i h t of the details
March 1977
of t h e exchange prog:ram i n advance and have t h e l a b o r a t o r y
r e s u l t s forwarded d i r e c t l y t o t h e (i!fbdfgl$pl&!fbf S e n i a t r S c i e n X i b X
fo r compi l a t ion and e v a l u a t i o n .
I
6.23 S p e c i a l S t u d i e s -
A s problems are i d e n t i f i e d , o r suspec ted , special
in te rcompar ison s t u d i e s may be i n i t i a t e d by 1) t h e p r o j e c t
managers, 2 ) t h e l a b o r a t o r y a n a l y s t s , o r 3 ) t h e g!&dfjfZJ4jij!B$
S e n i o k S c i ~ f i X t i a X . The purpose of t h e s e s t u d i e s w i l l be t o
c l a r i f y t h e n a t u r e a:id e f fec t of v a r i o u s s o u r c e s of d a t a
( i n c o m p a t i b i l i t y ) i n c o n s i s t e n c y . C e r t a i n p a r t i c i p a n t s i n
these special s t u d i e s may be r eques t ed t o s t u d y these effects
i n dep-ch.
The f4&hdrf @d$$Pr $fldjfi$$ $?bdfd~d&!d$ Sentioh S c i e n t i s t w i l l be 1 in formed of t h e s t r u c t u r e and i n t e n t of a l l s p e c i a l s t u d i e s .
6 . 3 DOCUMENTATION 01' METHODOLOGY
A l l p r o j e c t managers and a n a l y t i c a l s c i e n t i s t s w i l l be
r e q u i r e d t o document t h e i r c u r r e n t t echn iques f o r sampling:
sample hand l ing , p r e s e r v a t i o n and s t o r a g e ; sample p r e p a r a t i o n ; and
f i n a l a n a l y s i s . Two q u e s t i o n n a i r e s 1) Sampling Procedures and
Sample Handling and , 2 ) A n a l y t i c a l Methodology ( w i l l be) have been
used f o r t h e documen1:ation ( t o be) f i l e d i n t h e Regional O f f i c e of
I J C a t Windsor, O n t a r i o , (and used: ) for u s e :
March 1 9 7 7
-- t o a s s i s t i n i d e n t x f y i n g p o s s i b l e c a u s e s of d a t a (incom-
p a t a b i l i t y 1 i n c o n s i s t e n c y t h a t are d e t e c t e d i n t h e
i n t e r l a h o r a t o r y comparison program so t h a t (incompata-
b i l i t y ) i n c o n s i s t e n c i e s may be c o r r e c t e d ,
-- t o i n i t i a t e and assist i n d i s c u s s i o n of t h e r a t i o n a l e
f o r U S ~ of d i f f e r i n g t echn iques and t o l e a d t o a
consensus a s t o p r e f e r r e d procedures and,
-- as a permanent r e c o r d of t h e procedures employed by
p a r t i c i p a n t s d u r i n g v a r i o u s s t a g e s i n t h e PLUARG program.
Modi f i ca t ions of t h e procedures a lso ( w i l l ) r e q u i r e
documentation a s t h e y occur .
C o p i e s of t h z d o c u m e n t a t i o n a u a i Z a b l e i n t h e R e g i o n a l O f f i c e
L i b r a r y for Zoan a r e Z i s t e d i r ; S e c t i o n 3 -- R E F E R E N C E S .
R e q u e s t s for l o a n s shouZd b e c d d r e s s e d t o : L i b r a r i a n , IJC R e g i o n a l
O f f i c e , 200 O u e l Z e t t e Avenue , 8 t h F l o o r , i / i n d s o r , O n t a r i o N9A 6 T 3 .
Loans a r e made for a p e r i o d n c t t o e x c e e d one week and machine
c o p i e s may b e made o f t h e d o c u m e n t a t i o n b y b o r r o u e r s .
(NOTE: The q u e s t i o n n a i r e s are under develop-
ment and w i l l be provided l a t e r . )
6.4 IN-LABORATORY QUALITY CBKTROL
The v a r i e t y of t echn iques a v a i l a b l e t o t h e a n a l y s t s w i l l
r e q u i r e one o r m o r e workshops t o deal w i t h t h i s a s p e c t of over -
a l l q u a l i t y c o n t r o l . The in fo rma t ion ob ta ined from t h e ques t ion -
n a i r e s r e f e r r e d t o under 6 . 3 -- DOCUMENTATION O F METHODOLOGY
w i l l be u s e f u 1 . h x g a n i z i n g t h e workshops. I t w i l l be d e s i r a b l e
March 1 9 7 7
to devote a part of the workshop(s) time to separate sessions of
the analysts involved :in a group of parameters to relate specific
quality control procedures to the specific problems associated
with those parameters. The following parameter groups will be
established:
-- Nutrient and Water Quality -- Metals and Industrial Wastes -- Pesticides -- MicrobioLogica:L -- Physical, including sample preparation techniques
for sediments, soils and sludges.
Some form of documentation fo r data quality procedures will
be required, but may vdry according to laboratory involvement in
6 . 5 PROTOCOL FOR DATA Q U A L I T Y E V A L U A T I O N
6 . 5 1
A n a l y t i c a l r e s u l t : ; o f i n t e r - l a b o r a t o r y samples -- R e f e r e n c e
and Round-Robins - - wi!Z be s e n t t o t h e j?$#df $dd3fi ,$;L#pZ$a$
$dd$dZ$d$d# SenkOh S C i l m t i b Z i n an e n v e l o p e m a r k e d “ C O N F I D E N T I A L ” .
March 1977
6 . 5 2
The jf’5144Z B’ddZ’d $$Ad$&k @ddZd$hf$d$ S e n i o h S c i e n t i n Z w i l l t a b u l a t e 1 t h e r e s u l t s f r o m a 2 1 p a r t i c i p a t i n g a n a l y s t s and send t h e
t a b u l a t i o n t o a l l p a r t i c i p a t i n g a n a l y s t s on a c o n f i d e n t i a l
b a s i s w i t h o u t i d e n t i f y i n g t h e l a b o r a t o r i e s . The t a b u Z a t i o n w i Z 2
be s e n t w i t h a c o v e r i n g memorandum c a l l i n g a t t e n t i o n t o o b v i o u s
d i s c r e p a n c i e s and c: p r e l i m i n a r y e v a l u a t i o n of t h e d a t a d e v e l o p e d
by t h e IJC Reg iona l . O f f i c e S t a t i s t i c i a n . A d d r e s s e e s w i l l be
r e q u e s t e d t o g i v e t;he 4t’Z#&Z $dPSrl $$AdZdS @ddZdZddtbZ S e n i a h
Sci.en.tib.t t h e i r e v c l u a t i o n o f i;he d a t a . P a r t i c i p a t i n g a n a Z y s t s
w i l l i n d i c a t e w h e t h e r o r n o t t h e y w i s h t h e i r r e s p o n s e t o be heZd in
c o n f i d e n c e .
6. 5 3
I The dp$’bp!u’ $d8;1!d $$dd$d$ @p’g5$d$fid$d$ S Q T L L O ~ ScLenLLhclt wi Z Z
p r o v i d e t h e U. 5’. Piainc ipal I n v e s t i g a t o r s , Canadian P r o j e c t O f f i c e r s ,
and a p p r o p r i a t e P r o j e c t Leader:; w i t h a t c l b u l a t i o n o f t h e
a n a l y t i c a l r e s u l t s from a l l l a b o r a t o r i e s , i n c Z u d i n g t h e r e a c t i o n s
r e c e i v e d f r o m e a c h p a r t i c i p a t i n g a n a Z y s t c o n c e r n i n g t h e r e s u l t s
f r o m h i s o r h e r l a b o r a t o r y . U , S . P r i n c i p a l I n v e s t i g a t o r s and
Canadian P r o j e c t 0 ; ‘ f i c e r s w i l l b e i n f o r m e d wh ich l a b o r a t o p i e s a r e
p r o v i d i n g a n a l y t i c a l s e r v i c e s f o r s t u d i e s f o r wh ich t h e y a r e
r e s p o n s i b l e .
March 1977
6 . 5 4
I The RZ$krl $dSZrl $$dd%bd $dd$d$fidhd$ S e n i o t r S c i e n L L h i w i l l
p e r s o n a Z l y c o n s u Z t wii:h any a n a l y s t who r e p o r t s a n a Z y t i c a Z r e s u Z t s
wh ich a p p e a r t o be q u e s t i o n a b l e . The @bdfd$fid$d$ SeniOh S c i e n t i s t 1 w i Z Z c o n t a c t t h e p r o j e c t manager or c o n t r a c t e e for whom t h e a n a l y s t
i s p r o v i d i n g a n a Z y t i c u 2 s e r v i c e s and i n v i t e t h e i r p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n
m e e t i n g w i t h t h e a n a l p s t . In s u c h c o n s u Z t a t i o n , u s e w i Z Z b e
made o f t h e a p p r a i s a l of d a t a s e t s , n o t i d e n t i f y i n g t h e o t h e r
p a r t i c i p a t i n g anaZys t : : , f r o m t h e RegionaZ O f f i c e S t a t i s t i c i a n , ond t h e
p a r t i c i p a t i n g a n a l y s t s .
6. 55
I n t h o s e i n s t a n c t ! s t h a t prob;Cems cannot be re soZved
w i t h t h e p a r t i c i p a t i n g a n a l y s t s , ;:he @dd$d,Z~@k#Z, -Seni.uk
Sciientib;t and R iveh 8irAi.n S;tudieA Coohdinatoh t o g e t h e r w i t h
t h e p r o j e c t manager O F c o n t r a c t e e , w i l Z go t o t h e n e x t l e v e l .
o f a u t h o r i t y f o r t h e p a r t i c u Z a r Zabora tory i n an a t t e m p t t o
r e s o Zve p r o b Zems.
6. 56
The l e a d e r s h i p of T a s k C and PLUARG, u s i n g t h e a p p r o p r i a t e
R e g i o n a l O f f i c e s t a f f members, w i l l c o n s u l t w i t h t h e a p p r o p r i a t e
member of t h e Water Q t t a l i t y Board r e g a r d i n g any q u a Z i t y c o n t r o Z
m a t t e r s n e e d i n g t h e a t t e n t i o n of -t;hat member of t h e B o a r d .
March 1977
7 I DATA HANDLING AND PROCESSING
NOTE: This entire Section has been completely
rewritten and is not typed in italics. The
Section dated July 1975 may be discarded.
7.1 SYSTEM FUNCTION -
The function of the Data Handling and Processing -- Data Management -- System is to provide water quality and quantity data to PLUARG participants, particularly Task C and D participants.
7.2 FILE FORMATS
Three separate formats will be used -- sample results, station description and parameter description. The latter two are seen as
being exchanged once between investigators with updates as
necessary. The sample results; are foreseen as being exchanged
on the basis of specific requests. This method is not meant to
rule out the establishment of an archive of data, if this eventually
becomes practical. However, current limitations in time, money,
and manpower make this impracticable.
June 1976
In order to allow the studies to report quality information
there are established up to five levels of validation limits allowed
for in the parameter description. These limits can be referred to
in the results file by use of the remark field.
Tne capacity to record up to sixty-four results allows all
analyses recorded at one location and time to be grouped; or,
alternatively to record a profile of results at different depths or
across a stream.
See Section 7.22 --- PLUARG Data Exchange Standards-File Formats-
Each agencies' existing codes for station, sample number and
parameter type and methodology will be used.
See Section 7 .23 -- PLUARG Data Exchange Standards-Codes
June 1 9 7 6
7.22 PLUARG D3ta Exchange Standards - File Formats
Field
7.221 Sainple Results Master File - Mandatory
Else
Agency Code Station Code Sample Date Sample Time:
- Time Zone - Hour - Minute - Time to:
Composite Sample Information:
8 Hour 0 Minute
- No. of Samples - Time Interval - Depth Interval
Time Precision Sample Number Sample Depth
(in metres) Sample Type Bearing from Reference
(in degrees) Distance from Reference
(in metres) Filler Number of Results in
First R e s u l t : Variable Portion of Record
Length Type* Position Optional
20 AN 1-20 15 AN 21-35 6 N 36-41
1 N 2 N 2 N
2 N 2 N 2 N 2 N 5 N 1 N 10 AN 5(3.2) N
2 N 3 N
5(3.2) N
115 AN
2 N
42 43-44 45-46
47-48 49-50 51-52 53-54 55-59
60 61-70 71-75
76-77 78-80
81-85
86-200
201-202
- Parameter ClDde 6 AN 203-208
units lO(7.3) AN 209-218 - Result--in inetric (SI)
mg/l exclipt pesticides which should be pg/l
- Remark 2 AN 219-220 - Sign 1 AN 221 - Exponent Col3e 1 N 222 - Analysis Method Code 2 N 223-224
Up to 64 results m s y be entered (64 x 22 = 1408 positions) 203-1610
M M M
M
M
M
M
*AN - Alphanumeric; N - Numeric
June 1976
7 . 2 2 2 Sample S t a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n F i l e
F i e l d
Code :
Country Province/Sta t e Organiza t ion Organ iza t ion Uni t P ro jec t /S tudy F i l l e r
Mandatory E l s e
Length Type P o s i t i o n 0 p t i o n a l --
2 AN 1 - 2 2 AN 3-4 2 AN 5-6 2 AN 7-8 5 AN 9-13 7 AN 1 4 - 2 0
S t a t i o n Code 1 5 AN 21-35
S t a t i o n Locat ion:
- U T M 1 9 - Lat/Long 1 8 - Hydrologic /S tore t Code:
7 0 Major Basin" ,I
0 Minor Basin** 3 0 Terminal Stream* ** 4 0 Mileage 6 0 1st Level
- Stream Code 3 - Mileaqe 6
0 up t o 15 l e v e l s p o s s i b l e (15x9 - 135 p o s i t i o n s )
S t a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n 200 S t a t i o n D e s c r i p t i o n 1 0 0
Add i t iona l Opt iona l Informat ion
S t a t i o n Parameters:
AN N
N N N 1if
N N
AN AN
36-54 55-72
73-75 76-78 79-82 83-88
89-91 92-97
89-223 224-423 424-523
- Parameter Code - Resu l t
U p t o 1 0 parameters p o s s i b l e
6 AN 524-529 lO(7 .3) N 530-540
1 6 0 524-683
*"Major Basin" r e f e r s t o t h e G r e a t :Lakes Drainage Basin Minor Basin" r e f e r s t o t h e i n d i v i d u a l l a k e ( e .g . Huron)
t e r m i n a t e s i n t h e l a k s which comprises t h e "Minor B a s i n " .
* * I 1
***"Terminal Stream" r e f e r s t o t h e s t ream o r r i v e r which
M M
M
M
M M M
M
See n o t e s which fo l low.
June 1 9 7 6
Notes -- Sample Station Description File
Latitude and Longitude Fields consist of the following
subfields:
(1) DEG (Two and three digits respectively): the degrees latitude or longitude.
( 2 ) MIN (two digits): the minutes latitude or longitude.
( 3 ) SEC (four digits): the seconds in the first two digits and
the fraction of a second (decimal) in the last two digits.
If this fraction is not available, then two zeros ( 0 ' s ) must always be entered after the decimal point.
(4) PR (one digit): precision used to indicate accuracy of the
latitude and longitude coordinates. For instance, if the
location is determined to the nearest ten seconds, then a
5 is entered in the PR column. If the locations are
determined on a 1:250,000 or 1:500,000 scale map, then
most likely the location is determined to the nearest minutes;
therefore a PR equal to 7 will be used.
UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator Grid) Coordinates Field consists
of the following subfields:
(1) UTM Zone - given on topographical maps.
( 2 ) Northing and Easting - obtained from topographical maps. These values must be entered with one decimal position.
( 3 ) PR: precision.
Latitude (W=-) Longitude (W=-) Pr Zone Northing (N=-) Easting Pr
June 1976
7 . 2 2 3 Sample Parameter D e s c r i p t i o n F i l e
F i e l d
Agency Code Parameter Code Analys is Method Code U n i t of Measurement Code Parameter Desc r ip t ion :
- F u l l Desc r ip t io r . - Abbreviated Desc ' r ip t ion - Abbreviated Column
Desc r ip t ion ( 5 E: 1 2 ) Analys is Method Desc r ip t ion :
- F u l l D e s c r i p t i o n - Abbreviated Column
Desc r ip t ion ( 5 1: 1 2 ) U n i t of Measurement
Desc r ip t ion :
- F u l l D e s c r i p t i o n - Abbreviated Column
D e s c r i p t i o n (1 :c 1 2 ) Resu l t Format P lace of Analys is Code V a l i d a t i o n L i m i t s :
- From and t o Up t o 5 l e v e l s p o s s i b l e
( 5 x 2 0 )
Length -- ?.xes 2 0 AN
6 AN 2 N 2 N
1 0 01 AN
6 0 AN
6 6 0 AN
60 AN
3 0 AN
1 2 AN 1 0 AN I AN
2 0
1 0 0
7 . 2 2 4 Land Use Desc r ip t ion F i l e
Mandatory E l s e
P o s i t i o n - Opt iona l
1 -20 M 21-26 M 27-28 29-30
31-130
131-190
191-850
851-910
911-940
941-952 953-962
963
964-983
964-1063
This s ec t ion i s under development.
7.225 Meteoro logica l Data D e s c r i p t i o n F i l e
T h i s s e c t i o n i s under development.
M
M
M
J u n e 1 9 7 6
7 . 3 PLUARG DATA EXCHANGE STANDARDS - CODES
Agency Code:
Country: U . S . A . = u s Canada = CN
P rov ince /S ta t e : On ta r io = ON Wisconsin = WI N e w York = NY Pennsylvania = PA Ohio = OH I nd i an $3 = I N Michigan = M I Minnesota I1 l i n o i s
S t a t i o n Code:
Each Agency t o u s e i t s own code.
Sample Date: Year = NN Month = NN Day = NN
Sample N o :
Each agency t o use i t s own codes.
Parameter Code:
Each agency t o use i t s own codes.
S t a t i o n Locat ion:
UTM : Zone = NN Eas t ing = NN NN NN NN idorthing = NN NN NN NN P r e c i s i o n = N
Hydrologic /S tore t C o d e :
Majcr Basin - Each agency t o use i t s own codes. Mincr Basin - Each agency t o u s e i t s own codes. Terrr.ina1 Stream - Each agency t o use i t s own codes.
June 1 9 7 6
7 . 4 R E P O R T l N G LOW L E V E L P A T A
Thene ane a p e c i a i c phobLema i n t h e h e p o h ~ i n g o b l o w L e v e l data
which a t e aaaoc ia ted w i t h t h e cjUehthOn: i n a hubhtance Qhehen t?
While t h i n cjuebiiun i b aeLdom gehmane i n 7JC wokh concehned w i t h
l o a d i n g enZ imat ion , i,t had b o hndluenced , thinking abouz hepOhting
L o w LeveL d a t a t h a t it aeemn b e n t t o connideh it i n home d e p t h
bedohe d e a l i n g w i t h how nuch d a t a ahe t o be hepohted d o h P l U A R G ' a
anc ,two p o a a i b l e C O h h i 2 C t concl.unionh which may b e heached .
One mag conc lude XhaZ ;the atiba;tance kid pxenen t when it in ph&5C?M;t,
and one mug conc lude ihc,t t h e hubbtance i n no;t phenen;t* when it i a
noL pheaenz . Convehhely , 2hhstr.e ah& t w o p v a n i b l e ehhoneoun c o n c h h i o n 6
which mag be treached. One may conct t ide ;that t h e bubatance in pheaent
when LA: i b no t t , and o n e may conclude , t h a t ,the nubntance i h n u t
phebent when i;t in. The B i h h f : k ind 0 6 Qhhoh, Binding nomething which
i h n o t t h e h e , in c a l l e d a T Y P E 7 E R R O R . The necund hind 0 6 ehhOtL,
n0.t d inding aome;thing which i d Lhehe, i n c a l l e d a T Y P E 7 7 E R R O R .
* S i n c e Avogadho'a numbeh in vehy l a h g e , a pedant could ahgue t h a z one n h o u l d neVeh c l a i m ttha;t a 6ubbXance i b noA: QhedenA:. A common henae meaning O B n o t ph.enen;t i i 6 i n t e n d e d hehe , i . ~ . id meanuhemenZ i b being made i n miChOghamA peh L iXhe t h e phebence 0 6 a dew nanoghama p e h Li;the i h i ,hhelevan,t .
March 1977
76 t h e htandahd d e v i a t i o n , 0 , 0 6 an anaLeyXicaL phoceduhe hah
been detehmined a t Lout concenthatti.onh incRuding 0 t h e n t h e p h o b a b i l i t y
0 6 making a T y p e 7 ehh0h can be he . t b y choohing an apphophia te
a L e v e l t o de t ehmine ,the C h i t e h i o n 0 6 D e t e c t i 0 n . t
F a t example, h U p p O h e t h a t the . atandahd d e v i a t i o n , 0 , 0 6 an
a n a l y t i c a l phoceduhe i h 6 p g / L i ; t h e . and t h a t an a 0 6 0 . 0 5 i h deemed
a c c e p t a b l e h a t h a t t h e p h o b a b i L i t y 0 6 making a Type Z ehhOh i h hex
a;t 5 % . The C n i z e h i o n 0 6 Detec t ion . can t h e n be Bound g h a m a t a b l e
0 6 c u m u L a Z i v e nohmal Fhobabi l iXiea t o b e 1 . 6 4 5 cs = 7 . 6 4 5 X 6 pg/lithe
= 1 0 p 9 l l i ; t n . e .
t- ChitetLian 0 6 DeZecXian may b e a new tehm ;to h o m e . It heeeha t o .the minimum a n a l y t i c a l h e ~ u l t which mudt be obhehved bedohe it can be a;tated t h a t a hubhzance haa been dihcehned w i t h an a c c e p t a b l e p h o b a b i l i t y t h a t t h e htattement i b t hue . . The tehmh D e t e c t i o n L i m i t on. Limit 0 6 P e t e c t i o n ah& o 6 t e n uhed w i t h t h i h meaning, b u t i n Xhih Handbook t h e y ahe hehenved d o h a mOhe apphoph ia te UhagQ.
March 1977
Any v a l u e obdexved b s t o w 1 0 ).ig/.&ithe would be hep0h;ted an Leba
t h a n t h e C h i t e n i o n 116 D e t e c t i o n , b i n c e t o hep0h t s u c h a v a l u e
oXhehwi.de w o u l d i n c x e a a e t h e p h o b a b i t i t y 06 making a Type 7 ehhoh
beyond 5%.
Once t h e Chiterrion 0 6 V e t e c t i o n hab been ne$, t h e p h o b a b i t i t y
0 6 making a Type 7 7 ehhoh, 8 , o h it6 complement 1-8, ,the p h o b a b i t i t y
0 6 d iacehn ing ,the hubn;tance when it i a phe.clenX, can be detehmined
d o h g i v e n -- Atnue aiXuaXiancr.
, the poweh a d Ahe A t e h A ) .
( T h e p h o b a b i l i t y 1 - 6 i n home;times c a l l e d
Conaideh t h e name a n a L q t i e a l phoceduhe an above wi;th a
C n i t e k i o n 0 6 Vetec4: ion oQ I O p g l t i t n e . S u p p o n e t h a t ;the
cancenthaXion o s tthe bampke beASng anaLyzed i b 7 0 p g / L i t h e . , i . e . ,the
concenxha t ion i6 equaL t o ;the C h i t e n i o n 0 6 Pe;tect ion. 16 , a l l
anaLgXical hehuk%h beLow t h e C h i t e a i o n 0 6 PeZec t ion wehe h e p o h Z e d
a6 huch , t h e n t h e p h v b a b i l i t y 06 dibcehning t h e hubhtance w o u l d
b e 0 . 5 on 5 0 % .
do not
fi =0.5
Convehse lg , t h e phababil iaty 0 6 making a Type 11 ehhoh and
F h O m t h i n h a i l i n g t o d i d c e h n t h e hubbtance would a&do be 0 . 5 .
example i ; t can be l I e e n , that t h c p h o b a b i l i t y 0 6 dincehning a hubs tance
when kzb concen thax ion is equa l ;to t h e ChiXehiOn 0 6 DetecXion is
flarch 1977
hatrdly ovehwhelming. I n ohdeh d o h t h e pnobab i l i , t y 0 6 a T y p e 7 7
ehhoh t o be equal t o A:he p k o b a b i l i t y 06 a T y p e I ehhoh, B = a , ,then
t h e concentna, t ion o d ;(:he bample being a n a l y z e d mu4.t be twLce t h e
C h i t e n i o n o
Thid c o n c e n t h a t i o n 0 6 t w i c e Xhe Chi, tehion 0 6 DetecXion i i d -
t h e L i m i t - 06 Detec t ion when it haa been decided Xha,t ,the h i b k
0 6 making a Type 17 Chhoh i b t o b e equal t o ,the h i a k a d making a --
Type 7 ehhoh.
The concep t 0 6 T y p e 17 eht ioh haa been e m p h U h i Z e d becauhe
it i b u d u a l l y i g n o h e d . G e n e h a l l y , aL tenL ion i d paid t o t h e
avoidance 06 T y p e 7 ehhoh w i t h nu c o n a i d e t a Z i o n g i v e n t o t h e
p k o b a b i L i t y 0 6 making a T y p e 7 1 ehhoh. Zt should be hecognized
t h a t when t h e p n o b a b i l i t y a d making a Type 1 ehktah i6 decheahed,
i . e . ~ e t t i n g c1 a m a l l e n , t h e p h o b a b i l i t y 0 6 making a Type 7 7 e t t t ~ o h
i d inCheah e d .
Having, it i h hoped, made c l e a t t h e concepXual c o n t e x t i n
which an a - L e v e l i h ae.t and ,the d iddehence between t h e Chittehion
06 D e t e c t i o n and t h e 1.imiA: 0 6 V e t e c t i o n , P l U A R G ’ h kequihemenA:h i n
t h e hepohXing 0 6 L o w L z v e & daXa can be conaidened .
March 1977
I n genehrL1, o n l y undeh hig hLy excepZiona4 C i h C U m d t a n C e d need t h e h e be a concenn w.ith avo id ing T y p e I ehhOh when nepoh t ing d a t a d o h 1 J C pukpoa ea . Thehe ahe 2 w o headOnd why Type 1 ehhOh i a n o t a concehn.
F i h a t , t h e T J C i d , t o $ an endohcement agency , and thenedohe i d
n o t concenned t h a t a a ingLe datum w i L l Lead it i n t o a d a l d e
a c c u n a t i o n t h a t a .$uba,tance i6 pneaent when it in n o t . Second,
i n v i n t u a l l y alL CNXheh da-ta ahe aggnegated d o h I J C pUhpOheh i n
ohdeh t o p n o v i d e e s t ima ted 0 6 eoadingn andlon COncenthatiUnd;
thehedone t h e avo idance 0 6 Type 1 C k h O h n e l a z e a t o d a t a a e t h and
n o t X u t h e i n d i v i d u a l datum.
way, ,the a-Level may be h i g h .
0r1 t h e u t h e n hand, when hepoh t ing d a f a don I J C punposes C V c ? h y e66on.t muat be made t o avoid Type 11 ehhoh.
The headon i a obv ioua . When d a t a a t e nepohted a6 ” b e l o w
t h e 1 i m i X 0 6 Pe, tec t ion”, t h e y a4.e vinltuaLLy uneLehd d o h e i t h e h
eattimaXing Loadinga orr. concenXxa4iona.
I n p n a c f i c e , Xhia conaide .nat ion mean6 t h a t id a numbeh
can b e o b t a i n e d , it i / s t o be treponted.
7 . 4 1 Codea T o Be Uaed 7n Repnoting Low L e v d Pata
A t it^ A p n i L L 2 , 1 9 7 6 mee.ting t h e Data 2 u a L i t y Subcommit tee
0 5 t h e WaXteh 2 u a L i t y Boand paaded a k L b O ~ U t i O M t h a t 2 new coded be
March 1977
made auaiLabLe i n dattlr httohage hqhzemh d o h hemahhh concehning d a t a
uhed i n ZJC h e p o h t h . The codeh ah& T and W .
The T code hah t h e dot towing meaning: "Va tue hepohted i h t e b h
t h a n C h i t e h i o n a d Detcc;tion." The uhe 0 6 t h i a code wahnh t h e d a t a
ubeh t h a t ;the i n d i v i d u a l datum W i X h Which it i i 4 ahhocia ted doeb
noX, i n t h e judgement 06 t h e t a b o h a t o h y which d i d t h e a n a t y h i h ,
d idden a i g n i d i c a n t l y t ;hom 0 .
ZR. hhoutd b e heccgn i zed ;that an i m p t i e d h i g n i d i c a n c e t e h f
which da ,dh t o h e j e c t t h e n u l l hypo theh ih t h a t a h e h u l t d o e b n o t
d iddeh 6 h v m a htandahd v a l u e i n no w a y d imin ihheh t h e v a t u e
0 6 t h e heauLt ah an ea;tima;te. To i i ! tUh$hate: a neaut;t 0 6 9 pg
on a t e h ; t whoae 0 = 6 pg can nak be hegahded ah h i g n i d i c a n t l y
d iddehenz d h O m 0 doh any cc-&eve& .t.ebh ;than 0 . 0 6 7 ; haweveh, id
a bigVli~LC.LLnce k e h t Wehe made w i X h ct = 0.7, Xthsn L h e nuLl
hypoXhehih wouZd b e h e j e c z e d and ;the hehu.& deemed h i g n i J i c a n ; t l y
di6dehenX 6hOm 0 .
S o Xthe t t enu l ; t , 9 p g , could be hepohXed ah " B e L o w ;the
Chizeh ion 0 6 DetecXion" d o h CLLL a L e a h t h a n 0 . 0 6 7 and could b e
hepohted ah h i m p l y " 9 1-14'' d o h a l e a g k e a t e h t h a n 0 . 0 6 1 . Bu;t
koweveh heponted, ;the f~ehulelt 0 5 9 1-14 hemainh t h e b e h t e s t i m a t e
06 ;the Zhue v a l u e b i n c e changing t h e h i b h a d making a Type 1
ehfiOh nei;theh augmenth o h d imin ihheh ;the v a l u e 06 an eht i rnate .
7;t may be added t o a t Low L e v e l hehul;th a t e b e z t e h eh;timateh, i n
;the henhe ad being m 0 h t p h e c i b e , ;than h ighek hehULth s i n c e d o h a t 1
a n a l y t i c a l Z e h t h w i t h bvhich we ahe acqua in ted t h e a;tandatd d e v i a t i o n
06 t h e Xeh t incheaheh & t h Xhe c o n c e n ~ h a t i o n .
March 1977
T h e W code hlrh t h e doekhwing meaning: "Va lue obaehved i h Ledd
t h a n l o w e b t v a l u e hepoh tabee undeh T code" . Thih code i h uhed when
a poa i t t i ve v a l u e A:h n o t obhehved on. c a l c u l a t e d d o h a t r eau l t . 1n
t h e h e caheh t h e teclweht h e p o h t a b l e v a l u e , which i b t h e . toweat
p o h i t i v e v a l u e whASch i h o b h e k v a b l e , i b hepotrted w i t h t h e W.
The dol lowing example i l l u h t h a t e a t h e U h e 06 t h e codeh:
Suppohe t h a t a labonaton.y has detehmined t h a t i-th ChittehiOn 06 D e t e c t i o n d o h t o t a l phohphohub i h 1 0 u g / t i t h e , and buppobe i n a d d i t i o n
t h a t t h e a m a l l e a t i nchemen t t h a t can be head on t h e a n a l y t i c a l
d e v i c e cohnebpondA t o a concenthaZion 06 2 p g / & t h e . Given t h e h e
c o n d i t i o n b , any virtue obbehved 31 0 pgllitke would be hepokted
w i t h o u t an accompirnying code; any v a l u e obnehved >, 2 pg and
< I O pg would be kLc!pahted w i t h t h e T code; . i d no inh thumen t heaponbe
wehe obhehved, Zhi ! henu22 wouild be hepOh,t&d ab 2 W .
March 1977
7.5 ESTIMATING TRIBUTARY LOADINGS
NOTE: This is a new Subsection added in March 1977, and is
not typed in script.
The efficient est,imation of tributary loadings when
supplementary information such as the mean annual flow is
available, requires the use of a "ratio estimator". The
ratio estimator described below has been tested in the IJC
Regional Officz through random sampling experiments using
actual tributary data sets. Estimates of 1975 water year
tributary loadings reForted by the Surveillance Subcommittee
have been recalculated with this (Beale's) estimator, and it
will be used for 1976 an2 subsequemt years to ensilre that
estimates will be corqatibi5.
7 . 5 1
The estimator g i v e n below is due to E.M.L. Beale. In the form given below terms 1/N, where N is the population size, have been ignored since for a year N approximates the number of seconds in a year.
.- u Y
m -2 m
X
. fi* S X
1 + - 1 .3] [ n X
fi* S X
1 + - 1 .3] [ n X
= mean d a i l y Elow f o r t h e w a t e r y e a r ux where
m = mean d a i l y Loading f o r t h e days c o n c e n t r a t i o n s w e r e de te rmined
m = mean d a i l y Elow f o r t h e days c o n c e n t r a t i o n s X were de termined
n = number of d#iys c o n c e n t r a t i o n s were de termined
March 1977
n
n
and t h e Xi and Yi are t h e i n d i v i d u a l measured f low and
c a l c u l a t e d l o a d i n g , r e s p e c t i v e l y , f o r each day c o n c e n t r a t i o n s
w e r e de te rmined .
The mean-square-errar of t h i s e s t i m a t o r may b e e s t i m a t e d t o t e r m s
of t h e o r d e r n-', assuming t h e p o p u l a t i o n s i z e is v e r y l a r g e by,
2 Where S i s c a l c u l a t e d a n a l a g o u s l y t o S X . Y
The e s t i m a t o r i s di : ;cussed i n :
TIN, M . , Compa.:ison of some r a t i o e s t i m a t o r s , J . h e r . Statist. Ass., Vol. 60, pp. 2 9 4 f f . , 1965.
KENDALL, M.G. ,and STUART, A.:, The Advanced Theory of S t a t i s t i c s Vol. 3 , 2nd E d i t i o n , Hafiner Pub. Co., N .Y. , 1968, pp. 217f. and p. 23(3 ( e x e r c i s e 4 0 . 1 4 ) .
March 1977
8, DATA ASSESSMENT
Assessment of data during the course of the study will
facilitate making any desirable adjustments in the watershed
studies to meet the needs of PLUARG.
8 . 1 A S S E S S M E N T O F Q U A l l T Y C O N T R O L DATA
8 . 2 ANNUAL DATA
In addition to the continuing assessment of data by each
study leader for h , i s or her projec t or subproject, an overall
annual assessment of data is desirable. To permit this latter
assessment the fol.lowing procedures will be used.
March 1977
8.21
As soon a f t e r t h e close of t h e f i e l d season a s p o s s i b l e ,
each s tudy l e a d e r w i l l send & $J&.$&$$ a n a p p h a i d a & of t h e d a t a
fd$&rfgfid ,iifi&J’J$&$ f o r each parameter monitored i n t h a t s tudy t o
t h e Coordina tor . Fott claXa o n panameXet ta a n a l y z e d b y t w o ot t mOhe
L a b o n a t o h i e a , t h e summary should c o n s i s t of a t a b u l a t i o n of t h e
raw d a t a , i nc lud ing sample sou rce , d a t e of sampling and
a n a l y t i c a l r e s u l t s . Pd,’ $&W 6Z $M r-Vrf&Pr<&$$ &fi&J’g%&d Zd dldPrXZ$dlt&l Data, should be grouped c h r o n o l o g i c a l l y accord ing t o 8 .211 .
Fotr da ta COVehiMg bLeintl t t epe ica te sampled , t h e aummatty a h o u L d
c o n h i a t a Q a c t i o n s t a h w b y ptroject n t u d y e e a d e h a a n d a n a l y a t a
t o co t thec t a n y o b a e t t v e c l d e d i c i e n c i c a .
March 1977
8 . 2 1 1 Format f o r Annual D a t a Assessment -
D a t e Total N
(Mg/l)
Lab. X Lab. Y 1 9 7 5
Apr. 1 9 9.3 8 . 13 May 2 9 3.7 6 . !3 J u l y 1 0 6 . 5 6 . 6 O c t . 2 8 2.8 3 . 6 D e c . 2 3 1 3 . 4 1 3 . 6
COMPARISON OF WATER QUALITY ANALYSES" LABORATORY X AND LABORATORY Y
N i t r a t e N
(Mg/l)
Lab. X Lab. Y
8.2 7.7
5.5 5 . 6
5 . 6 5 . 6
1 . 9 2.8
1 2 . 3 13 .0
Lab. X
. 1 8 2
. 6 5 6
. 279
. 150
. 1 6 6
T o t a l P
Lab. Y
. 1 5 0
. 290
.270
. 1 5 0
.110
* The in:Eormation r e q u i r e d under 6 3 -- DOCUMENTATION OF METHODOLOGY and, i f a p p r o p r i a t e , under 6 . 1 -- B L I N D REPLICATES FROM FIELD TO LABORATORIES w i l l be used f o r d a t a a s ses smen t i n a s s o c i a t i o n wi th t h e ana lyses r e s u l t s .
8.22
The Coordina tor w i l l review t h e da ta and t a k e t h e necessary
s t e p s f o r c l a r i f i c a t i o n of ques t ionab le d a t a wi th t h e s tudy
leaders r e p o r t i n g on t h e s a m e parameter ( s ) .
J u l y 1 9 7 5
9 I REFERENCES
NOTE: This Section has been completely revised and is not typed in italics. The Section dated July 1975 may be discarded.
NOTE: References available in the IJC Regional Office Library for loan to investigators and analysts are indicated by ' '*" in front of the listing. Requests for loans should be addressed to: Librarian, IJc Regional Office, 100 Ouellette Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9A 6T3. Loans are made for a period not to exceed one week and borrowers may make machine copies of items if they desire.
Agriculture Research Service, USDA; Control of Water Pollution from Cropland; November 1975. May be purchased from Super- intendent of Documents, USGPO, Washington, D. C. 20402.
Anderson, James E.., Hardy, Ernest E., and Roach, John T.; 1972; A Land Use Cla.ssification System for Use with Remote Sensor Data; USGS C'ircular 671; U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. 20242.
*Armstrong, D. E., et. al., Minutes of July 16-17, 1974 meeting Subcommittee on Analytical Methods, Task Group C Technical Committee, E'LUARG.
Baker, D. B., Jackson, W. B. and Prater, B. L.; Proceedings, Sandusky River Basin Symposium; Heidelberg College, Tiffin, Ohio; May 2-3, 1975.
*Braun, H. E., OEZAF, Guelph -- Analytical Elethodology for O.P. & O.C. insecticides & PCBS.
Assurance for Laboratory Automation; U. S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio.
*Budde, W. L. and Teuschler, J. M.; Improved Analytical Quality
*Burger, Allan, OMOE, Laboratory Services Branch, Rexdale, Ont. -- Sampling total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and fecal strep- tococcus in water. Analytical Methodology for Total coliform; fecal coliform; fecal streptococcus.
*Chan, H. T., OMOE, Toronto, Ont. -- Analytical Idethodology ' for phosphorus, nitrogen, salts & organic parameters; t o t a l coliform, fecal coliform, background colonies, fecal streptoccocci; phosphorus extractable from soil; PO4 Isotherm grain-size distribution; permeability; Atterberg's limits (plasticity index),.
June 1976
*Clark, J. C . , C a l c u l a t i o n of T r i b u t a r y Loadings; (Method approved by S u r v e i l l a n c e Subcommittee, Implementation Committee, Water Q u a l i t y Board, I J C ) ; February 1 9 , 1 9 7 6 .
*Coote, D . Richard, .Agr i cu l tu re Canada, Ottawa -- Samplinq f e e d l o t and manure s t o r a g e runof f .
*Costescu, L e s l i e , A g r i c u l t u r e Canada, O t t a w a -- A n a l y t i c a l Methodology f o r o r g a n i c matter i n sediments .
P r e p a r a t i o n of sediment and s o i l samples and A n a l y t i c a l Methodology - f o r m e t a l s i n sediment and s o i l s .
A n a l y t i c a l Methodology for bovine e n t e r o v i r u s e s .
*Darcel , F. C . , OMOE, Rexdale, Ont. --
*Derbyshire , J . B . , U n i v e r s i t y of Guelph, Guleph, On ta r io --
"Dieken, Fred, OMOE, Toronto C e n t r a l Lab. -- A n a l y t i c a l Methodology f o r f i l t e r e d a l k a l i n i t y ; t u r b i d i t y ; pH ( a t Lab . ) ; t o t a l i r o n ; f i l t e r e d s u l p h a t e ; f i l t e r e d r e a c t i v e s i l i c a t e s ; f i l t e r e d n i t r a t e + n i t r i t e ; f i l t e r e d c h l o r i d e ; u n f i l t e r e d ammonium; f i l t e r e d ammonia; f i l t e r e d r e a c t i v e phosphates; f i l t e r e d t o t a l phosphorus; t o t a l phosphorus, and t o t a l K je ldah l n i t r o g e n .
*Dube, D. J . , S t a t e Hygiene Lab., U . of W i s . -- A n a l y t i c a l Methodology f o r t o t a l and s o l u a b l e P; t o t a l ammonia; f i l t e r e d d i s s o l v e d s o l i d s ; o r g a n i c n i t r o g e n ; n i t r i t e - N ; n i t r a t e - N ; c o n d u c t i v i t y ; s u l f a t e ; c h l o r i d e s ; d i s s o l v e d r e a c t i v e s i l i c a t e s .
Environmental P r o t e c t i o n S e r v i c e , Environment Canada; Spray I r r i g a t i o n of Trea ted Wastewater E f f l u e n t s -- Seminar Notes; A p r i l 9 , 19-75.
* F a i r l e s s , B i l l y , U.S. EPA, Chic:ago -- Proposed A n a l y t i c a l Methods f o r PLUARG Shore Line E r o s i o n Study w i t h a t t a c h e d r e a c t i o n s t o t h e p roposa l by:
D r . Lar ry Wilding, Ohio S ta te U n i v e r s i t y D r . R . L . Thomas, CCIW M r . F. C . Darcel, OMOE, Rexdale D r . C . G . Kowalenko, So i l R e s . I n s t . , Ottawa D r . M . Ihriat , Chem. & B i o . R e s . I n s t . , Ottawa
Fede ra l Advisory Cormittee on Water Data, Summary of Eighth Meeting, May 9 , , 1973; O f f i c e of Water Data Coordina t ion , U . S . Geologica l Survey, N a t i o n a l Cen te r , MS 4 1 7 , Reston, V i r g i n i a 2 2 0 9 2 .
F e d e r a l In t e ragency Work Group on Des igna t ion of S tandards f o r Water Data .Acquis i t ion, 19'72, Recommended Methods f o r Water Data A c q u i s i t i o n ; Ch ie f , O f f i c e of Water Data Co- o r d i n a t i o n , U . s. G e o l o g i c i ~ l Survey, N a t i o n a l Cen te r , M S 4 1 7 , Reston V i r g i n i a 22092.
June 1 9 7 6
*Glutek, David, OMOE, London Regional Lab. -- Analytical Methodoloqy for phenols; pH; filtered sodium; filtered potassium; filtered calcium; filtered magnesium; conductivity;l total iron; suspended solids; filtered alkalinity; total phosphorus; filtered total phosphorus; filtered dissolved reactive phosphours; filtered nitrate + nitrite; total Kjeldahl nitrogen; filtered free ammonia; unfiltered f,:ee ammonia; filtered sulphate; filtered chloride; filtered reactive silicates.
*Goerlitz, D. F. and Law, L. M., Determination of Chlorinated Insecticides in Suspended Sediment and Bottom Material, U. S. Geological Survey; Reprint from Journal of the AOAC, Vol. 57, No. 1, 1974.
Harold P., 15169, Laboratory Theory and Methods for Sediment Analysis; Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations; Book 5, Chapter C1, U. S.. Geological Survey; U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402 -- Stock Number 2401-0501, Price 6 5 cents.
Harold P., arid Norman, Vernon W., 1970 ; Field Methods for Measurement of Fluvial Sediments -- Techniques of Water- Resources Investigations; Book 3 , Chapter C2, U. s. Geological Survey; U. S. Government Printing CffI’icr?, Washington, D. C. 20402 -- Stock Number 2401-0936, Price 70 cents.
Horowitz, J. Adama, J. R. and Bazel, L. PA.; Water Pollution Investigation: Maumee River and Toledo (Ohio) Area; January 1975; May be purchased from National Technical Information 51ervices Springfield, VA 22151.
*Hynes, H. B. N., and Dance, K. W., University of Waterloo, Waterloo -- Sampling solid organic matter, coarse material and fine particle; bottom sediment.; autumnal leaf fall. Analytical Methodology far solid organic matter; bottom sediments; autumnal leaf fall and blow into stream.
*Ihnat, Milan, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa -- Analytical Methodology far total Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb.
*King, D. E., OMOE, Rexdale, Clnt. -- Sampling streams for phosphorus parameters. Sample filtra- tion and handling for dissolved total phosphorus and filtered reactive phosphorus.
Sampling river bank material. Analytical Methodology for total nitrogen; exchangeable ammonia; cation exchange capacity; exchangeable cations; total mercury; clay mineralogy; extractable Fe; oxalate extractable Fe & A l ; heavy metals; total carbonates; organic matter; pH; particle size distribution.
*Knap, Katherine, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources --
June 1976
\
*Kowalenko, G., Soil Research Institute, Ottawa -- Analytical Methodology for soil samples.
*Krishnamurty, K. V., Shpirt, E. and Reddy, M. M., N. Y. Dept. Health -- Trace Metal Extraction of Soils and Sediments by Nitric Acid - Hydrogen Peroxide.
*LaHay, Katherine L., Acton, C. J. and Wall, G. J., University of Guelph -- Samplinq soils, bottom sediments and suspended sediments, including physical measurements in the field and stream at the time sediments are collected. Analytical Methodology for particle size distribution; suspended sediment concentration; clay mineralogy; sample p H ; iron; amorphous content; organic matter; total carbonates; and cation exchange capacity. I
*Logan, Terry J., The Ohio State University, Columbus -- Samplins surface runoff - all samples:
Nukients: Filtered - Reactive ortho P; NO3, NH4 Unfiltered - total N; total P
Minerals: Filtered - Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cog, HCO3 Unfiltered - Carbonates, <2 1-1 mineralogy
Physical: Filtered - p H , electrical conductivity Unfiltered - cation exchange capacity, particle-size distribution, sediment concentration
Unfiltered - organic carbon Organic : Filtered - none Sampling surface runoff - selected samples (in addition to
parameters for all samples): Nutrients: Filtered - Total N
Unfiltered - Organic P, P Forms, Available P, Exch. NH4
Unfiltered - Free Fe and Al; amorp. Fe, Al, Si; exch. Ca, Mg, K, Na; >2 1-1 mineralogy; trace metals
Unfiltered - Cation exchange capacity (CEC) Filtered - organic carbon Unfiltered - pesticide scan; BOD Filtered - ortho-P, "3, NH4 Unfiltered - Total N, total P Filtered - Ca, Mg, K, Na, CO3, HC03 Unfiltered - Carbonates Unfiltered - sediment concentration
Minerals: Filtered - Si, Al, Fe
Physical: Filtered - none Organic :
Sampling tile drainage - all samples: Nutrients:
Minerals:
Physical: Filtered - pH, E.C. Organic : None
March 1977
Samplin9 tile d parameters Nutrients:
rainage - selected samples (in addition for all samples): Filtered - Total N, Total P
to
Unfiltered - None Minerals: Filtered - Si, Al, Fe
Unfiltered - Free Fe, Al; amphorphous Fe, A I , Si
Unfiltered - 2 p mineralogy; CEC; particle size distribution
Unfiltered - organic carbon
Physica.1: Filtered - None
Organic! : Filtered - Organic carbon
Sampling stream samples - selected samples. Parameters include those for surface runoff selected samples. Sampling bottom sediment - selected samples. Parameters include those for surface runoff selected samples. In addition, dissolved oxygen (DO) is measured in the field. Analytical Methodology for reactive orthophospate; total phosphorus; amorphous Silica; NO3 + “4-N; sediment concentration; heavy metals in sediment and water; pH; cations; orqanic carbon; particle size distribution; carbonate in sediment; electrical conductivity; carbonates and bicarbonates; amorphous iron and aluminum; mineralogy.
*MacLean, A. and Schnitzer, M., Sampling and Analytical Methodology for metals in soils and sediment and Sampling water for trace metal analysis (preliminary)
*Misterek, D. L . , Wis. DNR, Milwaukee -- Sampling river water for selected nutrients, minerals, physical and organic parameters, metals, pesticides, bacteria and phenols.
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Heavy Metals in the Environment; Vol. 12, Environmental Health Perspectiveis, DHEW publication No. (NIH) 76-218, Box 12233, :Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
Nelson, D. E. and Coakley, J. P., Techniques for Tracing Sediment Movement; Szientific Series No. 32, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario, 1974.
*Nicolson, John A . , Canadian Forestry Service, Sault Ste. Marie -- Sampling stream water for selected nutrients, minerals, and physical an3 organic parameters. Analytical Xethodology for unfiltered ammonia; dissolved nitrate + nitrite; total dissolved Kjeldahl nitrogen; particulate nitrogen; total dissolved phosphorus; particulate phosphorus; dissolved chloride; dissolved sulphate; dissolved reactive silicate; particulate carbon; dissolved sodium; dissolved potassium; dissolved magnesium; dissolved calcium; dissolved iron; dissolved organic carbon (filtered); conductivity; pH.
June 1976
*Odom, P a u l , Beak Consultants Ltd., -- Stream Sampling and sample handling for pH, Cond., total hardness, total alkalinity, NO3, NO2, POq, dissolved PO4, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, "3, TKN, Ortho PO4.
Onernik, J. M.; The Influence of Land Use on Stream Nutrient Levels: Corvallis Environmental Survey Branch, Corvallis, Oregon: January 1 9 7 6 . May be purchased from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 2 2 1 5 1 .
*Onn, Dennis, OMOE, Toronto, Ontario -- Sampling streams for water quality, including pesticides, PCBs, metals, and bacteriological parameters: and sediments for sediment discharge and chemical and physical characteri- zation of sediments.
*Patni, N. K., Animal Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont. -- Sampling subsurface tile water and surface stream drainage water. Analytical Methodology -~ for total phosphorus (filtered and unfiltered) ; total Kjeldahl. nitrogen (unfiltered) : ammonia and nitrate nitrogen (unfiltered) ; potassium (unfiltered) ; total solids; rion-filterable solids: non-filterable volatile solids; and bacteria.
*Payne, David A., U. S. EPA, Chi-cago -- Brochure for Ecolo-Trol, regarding reference materials for suspended solids analysis.
Peck, John H., Michr-gan Water Quality Control Laboratory -- Samplinq and Analytical Methodology for water samples; Dept. of Natuzil Resources,, Stevens T. Mason Bldg., Lansing, Michiqan 4 8 9 2 6 .
Porterfield, George, 1 9 7 2 , Computation of Fluvial-Sediment Discharge; Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations; Book 3, Chapte:c C3, U. S. Geological Survey: U. S. Govern- ment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 2 0 4 0 2 -- Stock Number 2401-20131, Price 7 5 cents.
*Reddy, M. M., N. Y. State Dept. of Health -- Summary of Pro'sedures for "The Chemical Analysis of Water and Sediments" -- selected nutrients and metals.
*Robinson, J. B., Environmental Biology, University of Guelph -- Sampling stream water. Analytical Methodology for NH4-N; Nitrate-N: Chloride; and Organic N.
June 1 9 7 6
*Sanderson, Marie, and Osborne, Robert, University of Windsor -- Sampling precipitation for selected nutrients, minerals and physical parameters. Analyticai Methodology for sulfate (SO41 : sulfite (SO31 ; unfiltered chloride ((21); maqnesium; calcium; potassium and sodium: conductivity (in lab) ; filtered nitrate -k nitrite: unfiltered total Kjeldahl nitrogen: dissolved and suspended phosphate; total suspended and volatile suspended solids.
Sedimentation Conunittee, U. S. Water Resource Council; Proceedings of the Third. Federal 1nt.er-Agency Sedimentation Conference, 1 9 7 6 . 1nqui.ries regarding availability may be addressed to John N. Holnian, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D. C. 20250 .
"Sheppard, Steve C., and Miller, M. H., University of Guelph -- Sampling suspended sediment collected in farm fields: composite field soil samples. Analytical Methodology for particle size distribution of suspended sediment in cropland runoff: particle size distribution of field soil samples: digested N + P in suspended sediment in cropland runoff and field soil samples; dissolved orthophosphates on filtered samples of cropland runoff: ammonium nitrogen in cropland runoff water; nitrate + nitrite nitrogen in cropland runoff water.
*Sliwinski, J. F#,, Beak Consultants Limited, Toronto -- Analytical Methodology for total coliform; alkalinity; total hardness; conductivity; pH; fecal coliform; total phosphorus; unfiltered nitrate; unfiltered total Kjeldahl nitrogen; unfiltered ammonia (all in land runoff and drains).
*Sirens, I;. J., OMAF, Guelph -- Analytical Methodology for Triazines; Dicamba i- ce-phenoxy alkanoic acids.
*Soil Conservation Service, 1J. S. Dept. Agriculture -- "Soil Survey Laboratory Methods and Procedures for Collecting Soil Samples. Soil Survey Investigations Report NO. 1, April, 1972 ; U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington D. C. 20402 -- Stock Number 0107-0298, Price 65 cents.
*Stainton, Cape1 and Armstrong, Environment Canada -- "The Chemicsl Analysis of Fresh Water." Misc. Special Publication No. 25, 1 9 7 4 , Freshwater Institute, Dept. of the Environnent, 5 0 1 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N6.
*Thomas, R. L . , XIW, Burlington, Ont. -- Methods used at CCIW for the determination of P fractions in sediment fractions: apatite and non-apatite P: organic P; acid-extractable P; orthophosphate in solution.
June 1976
Thompson, J. F., Manual of Analytical Methods: Prepared by the Pesticides and Yoxic Substances Effects Laboratory, National Environmental Research Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. (Those wishing this Manual should contact Mr. Thompson at the above address.)
*Topp, G . C., Soil Research Institute, Ottawa -- Sampling and Analytical Methodology for in situ physical properties ofX3ils.
U. S. Agricultural Research Service; Factors Involved in Land Application of Agricultural and Municipal Wastes; July 1974; National Program Staff; Soil, Water and Air Sciences, Beltsville, Md. 20705.
U. S. EPA; Evaluation of Land Application Systems -- Evaluation checklist and Supporting Commentary; Sept. 1974; Office of Water Program Operation, U. S. EPA, Washington D. C. 20460.
U. S. EPA; Handbook for Analytical Quality Control in Water and Wastewater Laboratories; EPA Analytical Quality Control Laboratory: National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio: June 1972.
U. S. EPA; Non-Point Source Pollution Seminar -- Section 108(a) Demonstration Frojects -- Follution Control in Great Lakes; November 20, 1975; May be purchased from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va. 22151.
U. S. EPA, U. S. De@. Agriculture and National Assoc. State Universities arid Land Grant- Colleges; Proceedings of the Joint Conference on Recyclhg Municipal Sludges and Effluents on Land, July 9-1-3, 1975; Inquiries regarding availability should be addressed to: National Assoc. Of State Universities and Land Grant Colelges, One Dupont Circle, N. W., Washington I). C. 20036.
u. S. Soil Conservation Service;: Agricultural Waste Management Field Manual; August 1975.
Uttormark, P. D. Chapin, J. D. and Green, K. M.; Estimating Nutrient Loadings of Lakes from Non-Point Sources; Water Resources Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; August 1974. May be purchased from Superin- tendent of Documents, USGPO, Washington, D. C. 20402. Price $ 1 . 9 0 .
June 1 9 7 6
*Walker, R. J. , and Gaynor, J. D . , Dept. of A g r i c u l t u r e , H a r r o w , O n t a r i o -- Sampling stream w a t e r f o r s e l e c t e d n u t r i e n t s , m i n e r a l s , heavy metals and p h y s i c a l parameters . A n a l y t i c a l Hethodology fo r sediment-suspended s o l i d s ; sodium ( f i l t e r e d ) ; C a , Mg ( f i l t e r e d ) ; n i t r i t e - N ; t o t a l s o l u b l e phosphorus ( f i l t e r e d ) ; r e a c t i v e phosphate (f i l tered): potassium f i l t e r e d ) ; C r ( u n f i l t e r e d ) ; metals ( u n f i l t e r e d ) .
*Wiebe, H . A . , E:?vironment Canada, Downsview. Ont. -- A n a l y t i c a l ]Yethodology for t o t a l d i s s o l v e d phosphorus; d i s s o l v e d n i t r a t e + n i t r i t e ; d i s s o l v e d chloride; dissolved s u l f a t e .
* * * * * ADDED March 1977
*Baker, D . B . , el:. a l . , River S t u d i e s Labora tory , Heidelberg College, 0h:Lo -- Sampling and A n a l y t i c a l Methodology f o r s o l u b l e o r tho - phosphoras , ammonia, n i t r a t e p l u s n i t r i t e , c h l o r i d e , s i l i c a , conductance, suspended s o l i d s , t o t a l phosphorus, t o t a l Kjeldahl n i t r o g e n , t o t a l o r g a n i c carbon, and metals i n stream wa te r .
Thomas, R. L . , CCIW, Burlingt:on, Ont -- A Note on the R e l a t i o n s h i p of Grain S i z e , Clay Content ,
On ta r io Sediments; J o u r n a l of Sedimentary Pe t ro logy for June , 15169.
*Veska, E r i c , Brock U n i v e r s i t y , St. C a t h a r i n e s , Ont. -- A n a l y t i c a l Methodology f o r metals i n sed iments , stream water and w e l l water.
March 1977
10 I I WEST I GATORS
NOTE: This Section has Gezr, revised and is not t'yped in italics. The Section dated J u l y 1 9 7 5 shouid be discarded.
The following list was current on June 15, 1 9 7 6 . Additions, deletions, a:ia eha:iges of address or telephone numbers should be sent promptly ~ . ; c i in writing to Dr. Darnel1 M. Whitt, River Basin Studies Coorilinatoz, I J C Regional Office, 8th Floor, 100 Ouellette Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9A 6T3.
In Subsection; lO.i2 and - 0 . 2 2 , only the Project Leaders and Analysts for each 2roject ?ire &isted, w:tn no attempt to include researchers involved in other aspzots of the projects.
10.1 UNITED STATES -
10.11 PRINCIPAL IN'JEST I GATORS
Name, Address, Telephone Responsibility or Interest
Dr. John Konrad llrenomonee River Basin Supervisor of Special Studies Also, U. S. Chairman Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources Task Group C, PLUARG P. 0. Box 4 5 0 Madison, Wisconsin 5 3 7 0 1 ( 6 0 8 ) 266 -1956
Dr. Thomas G. Bahr, Director Institute of Water Research Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 4 8 8 2 3 ( 5 1 7 ) 353 -3742
Felton-Herron and Mill Creeks
June 1 9 7 6
N a m e , Address and Telephone
D r . L. J. H e t l i n g , Director Environmental Q u a l i t y Research and Development Uni t N e w York S t a t e Department of
Environmental Conserva t ion 50 Wolf Road, Room 519 Albany, N e w York 12233 (518) 457-7470
D r . Ter ry J. Logan Agronomy Department The Ohio S t a t e Universj . ty 1885 N e i l Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43210 ( 6 1 4 ) 4 2 2 - 2 0 0 1
1 0 . 1 2 Project Leaders and Ana lys t s
Menomonee River Basin -.- Wisconsin
D r . John G . Konrad (Address above)
M r . David L. Mis t e rek Wisconsin Dept. o f N a t u r a l Resources 9722 West Watertown Plank Road Milwaukee, Wisconsin E13226 ( 4 1 4 ) 257-6936
M r . Douglas J. Dube Wisconsin S ta te Lab. of: Hygiene 465 Henry M a l l Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (608) 262-1293
M r . Joseph J. D e l f i n o (same a d d r e s s as Dube)
R e s p o n s i b i l i t y ox Interest
Genesee River Basin
Maumee River Basin -- Ohio Supplement
Project Leader
F i e l d Coordian tor
Analys t fo r a l l parameters
Ana lys t f o r a l l parameters
Felton-Herron and M i l l Creeks -- Mi.chigan
D r . Thomas G . Bahr (Address Above)
D r . F rank M. D ' I t r i I n s t i t u t e of Water Research Michigan S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y E a s t Lansing, Michigan 48824 (517) 353-3744
Project Leader
Ana lys t fo r Water and Sediment parameters
March 1 9 7 7
Name, Address and Telephone
Dr. Matthew Zabik Pesticide Research Center Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 48824 ( 5 1 7 ) 3 5 3 - 6 3 7 6
Genessee River Basm -- New York
Responsibility or Interest
Analyst for pesticide parameters
Dr. Leo J. Hetling (Address Above)
Project Leader
Dr. Michael Reddy Analyst for Heavy Metals Environmental Heal.:h Center and Sediments Division of Laboratories and Research New York State Department of Health New Scotland Avenue Albany, New York 12201 I ( 5 1 8 ) 474-7999
Dr. Arthur Richards Acalyst for Nutrients Environmental Health Center ;n Water Division of Laboratories and Research New York State Deprtment of Health N e w Scotland Avenue Albany, New York 1220: ( 5 1 8 ) 4 7 4 - 5 8 3 8
Mr. James C. Daly Quality Control Officer Environmental Health Center N. Y. State Departinent of Health 99 Central Avenue Albany, New York 1 2 2 0 6 (518) 474-7999
Maumee River Basin -- Ohio SuDDlement
Quality Control
Dr. Terry J. Logan (Address Above)
Project Leader and Analyst for all parameters
Riverbank Erosion Study
Mr. William F. Mildner, Geologist Project Leader U. S . Soil Conservation Service 269 Federal Bldg. No. 1 Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 (301) 436-8655
March 1 9 7 7
Name, Address and Telephone - Dr. Terry J. Logan (Address Above)
1 0 . 1 3 Others
B l a c k Creek (Maumee River) -- Indiana Dr. R. Z. Wheaton Agr. Eng. Dept. Purdue University Lafayette, Indiana 4 7 9 0 7 ( 3 1 7 ) 7 4 9 - 2 9 7 1
Dr. L. E. Sommers Agronomy Dept. Purdue University Lafayette, Indiana 47907 ( 3 1 7 ) 7 4 9 - 2 8 9 1
Dr. D. Nelson (Same Address as Sommers)
Washington County Pro jec t -- Wisconsin - Dr. T. C. Daniel Water Resources Center University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53'706 ( 6 0 8 ) 2 6 3 - 6 9 9 0
Responsibility or Interest
Analyst for all parameters
Project Leader, Black Creek (Section 108, P. L. 92-500)
Analyst for all parameters
Analyst for all parameters
Red Clay Project -- Wiscons in , Minnesota
Project Leader (Section 1 0 8 , P. L. 92-500)
Mr. Stephen Andrews Room 2 0 4 Douglas County Courtho,use Superior, Wisconsin 5 4 8 8 0 (715) 394-0428
U. S. Geological Survey Madison, Wisconsin ( 6 0 8 ) 2 6 2 - 2 4 8 8
U. S. Geological Survey St. Paul, Minnesota ( 6 1 2 ) 7 2 5 - 7 8 4 1
Project Leader (Section 108 , P. L. 92-500)
Analysts for QW, SS, pH
Analysts for QW, SS, pH
June 1 9 7 6
N a m e , Address and Telephone
Cen te r f o r Lake Supe r io r Environmental S t u d i e s
U n i v e r s i t y of Wisconsin S u p e r i o r , Wisconsin (715 ) 3 9 2 - 8 1 0 1 E: 3 0 3
Sandusky River Basin -- O h i o
D r . David B. Bake r Associate P r o f e s s o r Heide lberg Col leqe T i f f i n , Ohio 44U83 ( 4 1 9 ) 448 -2198
R e s p o n s i b i l i t y o r I n t e r e s t
Analys ts f o r QW
P r o j e c t Leader and Analys t fo r a l l parameters
June 1 9 7 6
10.2 CANADA
1 0 . 2 1 PROJECT OFFICERS
N a m e , Address and Telephone
M r . Donald N . J e f f s A s s i s t a n t Director Water Resources Branch O n t a r i o M i R i s t r y of t h e Environment i 3 5 S t . C l a i r A v e . West Toronto, i3ntario M4V 1P5 ( 4 1 6 ) 965-4590
D r . H . V . Morley Research Coordina tor (Environment and Resources) A g r i c u l t u r e Camda K.W. Neatby Bldg. Room 1113 C a r l i n g Avenue O t t a w a , O n t a r i o K1A OC6 ( 6 1 3 ) 994-5402
D r . R . Frank P r o v i n c i a l P e s t i c i d e Residue Tes t ing Labora tory On ta r io M i n i s t r y of A g r i c u l t u r e & Food U n i v e r s i t y of Guelph Guelph, On ta r io N1G 2 W 1
R e s p o n s i b i l i t y o r Interest
Canadian Chairman Task Group C , PLUARG
Fede ra l A g r i c u l t u r a l S t u d i e s
P r o v i n c i a l A g r i c u l t u r a l S t u d i e s
M r . R . C . Hore Urban, I n d u s t r i a l , Water Resources Branch T r a n s p o r t a t i o n and Waste On ta r io M i n i s t r y of t h e Environment Management S t u d i e s ; and 135 S t . C l a i r Avenue West Network Monitor ing S t a t i o n s Toronto, O n t a r i o M4V 1P5 ( 4 1 6 ) 965-2105
1 0 . 2 2 P r o j e c t Leaders and A n a l y s t s -
10.221 A c t i v i t y No. 1 -- A g r i c u l t u r a l Watersheds
D r . Richard Coote Engineer ing R e s e a r c . h S e r v i c e A g r i c u l t u r e Canada O t t a w a , On ta r io K 1 A OC6 ( 6 1 3 ) 994-5247
Coordinat ion of A g r i c u l t u r a l Watershed S t u d i e s , P r o j e c t
Data Handl ing, Transfer and Evalua t ion , P r o j e c t No. 1B
No. 1A
March 1977
Name, Address and Telephone
Mrs. E. M. MacDonald Soil Research Institute Agriculture Canada Ottawa, Ontario K1A OC6 (613) 994-9657
Mr. R. C. Hore and R. C. Ostry Water Resources Branch Ontario Ministry of the Environment 135 St. Clair Avenue West Toronto, Ontario M4V LP5 (416) 965-2105
Dennis Onn (Same address J. E. O'Neill as R. C. Ostry B. Bodo (416) 955-6995)
Dr. F. Dieken Water Quality Section Laboratory Services Br'snch Resources Road Rexdale, Ontario M9W 5L1 (416) 968-3064
Dr. B. Loesher Inorganic Trace Contaminants Section Laboratory Services Brsnch Resources Road Rexdale, Ontario (416) 968-3775
Mr. G. Rees Organic Trace Contamin(snts Section Laboratory Services Br,snch Resources Road Rexdale, Ontario (416) 968-3743
Dr. Ansar Qureshi Ministry of the Enviro:nment Laboratory Services Br,snch Microbiology Section P. 0. Box 213 Rexdale, Ontario M9W 5L1 (416) 248-3008
Dr. Richard Frank (Address Above)
Responsibility or Interest
Coordination of Agricultural Watershed Studies, Project No. 1A
Data Handling and Transfer
Project Leaders for Stream flow quantity (Project No. 2 ) and quality (Project No. 3 -- Routine water and sediment quality).
Associates for Project Nos. 2 and 3
Analyst: Nutrients, Organic Carbon & Minerals in Water Samples, (Project Nos. 3 and
21)
Analyst: Heavy Metals in Water samples, (Project No. 3 )
Analyst: Pesticides and PCBs in water samples. (Project No. 3 )
Project Leader and Analyst Microbiological parameters (Project No. 3 )
Proj.ect Leader for Monitoring for pesticides in 11 Agric. Watersheds (Project No. 4 )
June 1976
Name, Address and Telephone
Mr. Heinz E. Braun (Same Address as R. Frank)
Micheline Holdrinet (Same Address as R. Frank)
Mr. George J. Sirons (Same Address as R. Frank)
Dr. Richard Frank (Address Above)
Dr. M. Sanderson Department of Geography University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario N 9 B 3P4 (519) 253-4232
Mr. Doug Smith Dept. Chemical Engineering University of WindsDr Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4 (519) 253-4232
Clement Leunq (Same Address as M. Sanderson)
Dr. C. J. Acton Agriculture Canada Dept. Land Resource Science Univeristy of Guelpli Guelph, Ontario NlG 2W1 (519) 824-4120
Dr. Gregory J. Wall Dept. Land Resource Science University of Guelpli Guelph, Ontario (519) 824-4120, Ext. - 3120 Mrs. K. LaHay Dept. Land Resource Science University of Guelpli Guelph, Ontario Nlf; 2W1 (519) 824-4120, Ext,. 3057
Responsibility or Interest
Analyst for Organophosphorus insecticides & cyclodienes (Project No. 4)
Analyst for PCBs and Organochlorines & cyclodienes (Project No. 4)
Analyst for Phenoxy and triazine herbicides. (Project No. 4)
Project Leader for Land Use Information (Project No. 5)
Project Leader for Precipitation Quantity and Quality (Project No. 6)
Analyst for Ca, Na, Mg, k (Project N o . 6 )
Analyst for PO4, C1, SO4, SO3, Suspended Solids, and Specific Conductivity (Project N o . 6)
Project Leader for Soil Survey (Project No. 7)
Project Leader for Nature and Enrichment of Sediment and Mineralogical and Physical Characterization (Project No. 8)
Analyst for clay mineralogy CEC, organic matter, particle size, amorphous content (Project No. 8)
June 1976
- Names, Address and Telephone
Dr. A. J. MacLean Soil Research Institute Agriculture Canada Ottawa, Ontario K1A OC6 (613) 994-9657
Dr. Morris Schnitzer Soil Research Institute Agriculture Canada Ottawa, Ontario R 1 A OC6 (613) 994-9657
Dr. Milan Ihnat Chemistry and Biology Research
Institute Agriculture Canada Ottawa, Ontario K1A OC6 (613) 994-9721
Dr. J. D. Gaynor Agriculture Canada Research Station Harrow, Ontario NOR 1GO (519) 738-2251
Dr. Leslie Costescu Soil Research Institute Agriculture Canada Ottawa, Ontario K1A OC6 (613) 994-9657
Mr. A. D. Gordon (Same Address as 1hnz.t)
Mr. J. Vlasblom (Same Address as Gaynor)
Dr. J. M. Fulton (Same Address as Gaynor)
Dr. C. G. Kowalenko K. W. Neatby Bldg. Soil Research Institute Agriculture Canada Ottawa, Ontario K1A OC6 (613) 994-9657
Responsibility or Interest
Project Leader for Agriculture
Transport and Storage of Metals (Project No. 9)
Sources,
Project Leader (Project No. 9)
Project Leader and Analyst
(Project No. 9) for heavy metals
Project Leader and Analyst for Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni (Project No. 9)
Also, Project Leader (Project No. 10)
Analyst for heavy metals and
(Project No. 9) organic materials
Analyst (Project NO. 9)
Analyst for Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, and Ni, (Project Nos. 9 & 10)
Project Leader for Sources of Nutrients and Heavy Metals in Hillman Creek
(Project No. 10)
Project Leader and Analyst for Nitrogen Transformation Processes in Watershed Soils
(Project No. 11 Analyst for NHq, NO2, NO3 (Project No. 13) Analyst for "4, NO3, (Project No. 14)
June 1976
Name, Address and Telephone
Dr. G. C. Topp Soil Research 1nst:itute Agriculture Canada Ottawa, Ontario K:LA OC6 (613) 994-9657
Dr. D. R. Cameron Soil Research 1nst:itute Agriculture Canada Ottawa, Ontario K:LA OC6 (613) 994-9657
Dr. J. Cherry Department of Earth Sciences University of Wate:rloo Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1 (519) 885-1211
Dr. E. 0. Frind (Same Address as Cherry)
Dr. R. W. Gillham (Same Address as F:rind)
Dr. H. R. Whiteley School of Engineerhg University of Guelph Guelph, Ontario N.LG 2W1 (519) 824-4120
Dr. G . J. Wall (Address Above)
Dr. W. Trevor Dick.inson School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph, Ontario NLG 2W1 (519) 824-7120
Dr. M. H. Miller Dept. of Land Resource Science University of Gue lph Guelph, Ontario N L G 2W1 (519) 824-4120, Ext. - 2482
Responsibility or Interest
Project Leader and Analyst for Physical Properties of Soils in Agr. Watersheds 1 and 13 which control Moisture Storage and Transport (Project No. 12)
Project Leader for Mathematical Model of Transformations and transport of nitrogen through soils to groundwater (Project No. 13)
Project Leader for studies of Agricultural Pollution of Groundwater and its Influence on Stream Water Quality in Two Agr. Watersheds (Project No. 14)
Same as J. Cherry
Analyst for minerals (Project No. 14)
Project Leader for Hydrologic Model (Project No. 15)
Project Leader for Erosional Losses from Agricultural Land (Project No. 16)
Project Leader for Sediment Delivery Ratios in Small Agr. Watersheds (Project No. 17)
Project Leader for Contribution of Phosphorus from Agricultural Land to Streams by Surface Ru:noff (Project No. 18)
June 1976
Name, Address and Telephone
Mr. D. A. Tel Dept. of Land Resource Science University of Guelph Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (519) 824-4120, Ext. - 3507 Mrs. T. D. Nguyen Dept. of Land Resourc'e Science University of Guelph Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (519) 824-4120, Ext. - 8170 Dr. J. B. Robinson Dept. of Environmentzll Biology University of Guelph Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (519) 824-4120, Ext. - 3828 Mr. C. K. Lee and Mr. L. Kistoff (Temporary) (Same Address as J. E). Robinson)
Dr. H. B. N. Hynes Dept. of Biology University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario N;!L 3G1 (519) 885-1211
Dr. N. K. Kaushik and Dr. J. B. Robinson (Address Above)
Mr. S. L. Hodd Beak Consultants Lim:-ted 6 8 7 0 Goreway Drive Mississauga, Ontario L4V 1L9 (416) 671-2600
Mr. Paul Odom (Same Address as S. I;. Hodd)
Mr. J. F. Sliwinski (Same Address as S. I;. Hodd)
Mr. F. R. Hore Engineering Research Service Agriculture Canada Ottawa, Ontario K1A OC6 (613) 994-9785
Responsibility or Interest
Analyst for Soluble Reactive P and Total P (Project No. 18)
Analyst for Soluble Reactive P and Total P (Project No. 18)
Project Leader and Analyst for Nitrogen Transport and Transformations in 2 Branches of Canagagique Creek (Project No. 19A)
Analytical Assistants of J. B. Robinson (Project No. 19A)
Project Leader for Secondary Production and Organic Drift of Nutrients in 2 Branches of Canagagique Creek (Project No. 19B)
Analysts for N, P, Organic Matter in Solid Organic Matter (Project No. 19B)
Project Leader for Effects of Livestock Activities on Surface Water Quality (Project No. 20)
Analyst for Total p, N03, (Project No. 20)
Analyst for Ortho Phosphates, "3, (Project No. 20)
Project Leader for Feedlot and Manure Storage Runoff (Project No. 21)
June 1976
Name, Address and Telephone
Dr. N. K. Patni Anima 1 Re search Ins 1: i tu te Nutrition Bldg., C.1S.F. Agriculture Canada Ottawa, Ontario K I A OC6 (613) 994-9723
S. Kelly (Same Address as Palmi)
M. Leuty (Same Address as Paini)
Dr. John -4" C. Fortescue Dept. of Geological Science Brock University St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1 (416) 684-7201
Mr. Eric Veska (Same Address as Fo:ctescue)
Responsibility or Interest
Project Leader for Pollutant Transport to Subsurface and Surface Waters in an Integrated Farm Operation (Project No. 22:1
Analyst for "3, TKN, NO3, P, I{ (Project No. 22)
Analyst for Solids and Conductivity (Project No. 22)
Project Leader and Analyst for Heavy Netals, Nutrients and Minerals in Agr. Watershed 10 (To be designated Project No. .23)
Analyst (Project NO. 2 3 )
10.222 Activity No. 2 -- Forested Watersheds Dr. J. A . Nicolson Project Leader for Impact Great Lakes Forest 'Xesearch Centre of Forest Management Practices Dept. of the Enviro:nment on the Boreal Ecosystem Box 490 Sault Ste. Marie, 0:ntario P6A 5M7 (705) 949-9461, Ext. - 288 Mr. Jim Prokopowich c/o FRB Camp Box 313 Kenora, Ontario P9Y 3x4 (807) 227-5414
Mr. M. Capel Freshwater Institute Dept. of the Environment 501 University Crescent Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N6 (204) 269-7379
Analyst for "3, NO3, total dissolved N, total dissolved P, CorLductivity, pH, and DOC (Activity No. 2)
Analyst for Suspended P, C and N; C1, S 0 4 , Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe. (Activity No. 2 )
June 1976
10.223 A c t i v i t y N o . 3 -- Land U s e s Other Than A g r i c u l t u r a l and F o r e s t
10.2231 Urban Land
N a m e , Address and Telephone R e s p o n s i b i l i t y or Interest
D r . R a o Avadhanula P r o j e c t Leader for Water Hydrology and Monitor ing S t u d i e s O n t a r i o M i n i s t r y of t h e Environment 135 St. C l a i r Avenue W e s t Toronto, O n t a r i o M 4 V 1P5 ( 4 1 6 ) 965-6995
M r . J . E . O ' N e i l l P r o j e c t Leader for Sediment O n t a r i o M i n i s t r y of t h e Environment S t u d i e s 135 St. C l a i r Avenue West Toronto, O n t a r i o M4F' 1P5 ( 4 1 6 ) 965-6995
D r . Fred Dieken (Address Above)
D r . B . Loesher (Address Above)
M r . G . R e e s (Address Above)
D r . J e r r y Hipfner M i n s i t r y of t h e Environment Ino rgan ic Trace Contaminants S e c t i o n , Labora tory
Resources Rd . 401 & I s l i n g t o n A v e . Toronto, O n t a r i o
S e r v i c e s Branch
( 4 1 6 ) 248-3037
M r . Dennis Donohue M i n i s t r y o f t h e Environment Hydrology & Monitor ing S e c t i o n 135 St. C l a i r Ave. W e s t Toronto, O n t a r i o M4V 1P5 ( 4 1 6 ) 965-6995
D r . Ansar Q u r e s h i (Address Above)
Ana lys t f o r N u t r i e n t s , o r g a n i c carbon and m i n e r a l s ( w a t e r s t u d i e s )
Analys t f o r heavy metals (water s t u d i e s )
Analys t f o r p e s t i c i d e s and PCBs (water and sediment s t u d i e s )
Analys t fo r n u t r i e n t s , exchange c a p a c i t y , metals, m i n e r a l s and C.O.D. (Sediment s t u d i e s )
Analys t for p a r t i c l e s i z e and t o t a l c a r b o n a t e s ( sediment s t u d i e s )
P r o j e c t Leader and Analys t f o r Mic rob io log ica l S t u d i e s
March 1977
10.2232 Transportation and Utility Systems
Name, Address and Telephone
Mr. J. E. O'Neill (Address Above)
10.2233 Sanitary Landfills
Mr. Barrie Reynolds Ministry of the Environment 135 St. Clair Ave. W. Toronto, Ontario M4V 1P5 (416) 965-1655
Mr. H. Mooij Solid Waste Management Branch. Environment Canada Ottawa, Ontario K1A OH3 (613) 997-3212
Prof. Graham Farquhar Dept of Civil Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontaric N9L 3G1 (519) 885-1211
Dr. F. J. Philbert Water Quality Lak'oratory Canada Centre for, Inland Waters P. 0. Box 5050 Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6 (416) 637-4642
Dr. R. Frank (Address Above)
Barringer Research Ltd. 304 Carlingview r)rive Rexdale, Ontario N9W 5L1 (416) 677-2491
Responsibility or Interest
Project Leader
Project Leader for Violet Landfill Study
Project Leader for Landfill Contaminant Migration and Land Disposal of Industrial and Hazardous Wastes
Analyst for Soils -- Project completed.
Analyst for 35 parameters -- Analyses completed.
Analyst for PCBs
Analyst for 39 parameters in industrial wastes -- Analyses completed.
10.2234 Processed Organic Waste Disposal
Mr. P. DeAngelis Project Leader 135 St. Clair AvE!. W. 6th Floor, Pol1ut:ion Control Board Toronto, Ontario M4V 1P5 (416) 965-1655
June 1976
10.2235 Extractive Industries
Name, Address and Telephone
Mr. J. E. O'Neill and Dr. Rao Avadhanula (Address Above)
Responsibility or Interest
Project Leaders
10.2236 Private Waste Disposal (Septic Tanks)
Dr. H. T. Chan, Applied Sciences Sectim Pollution Control Branch Ministry of the Environment 135 St. Clair Ave. W. Toronto, Ontario M4V 1P5 (416) 248-3044
Project Leader
Mr. Lloyd Grigoriew, Soil Technician Analyst for soil tests, particle Applied Sciences Section size distribution, laboratory Ministry of the Environment Pollution Control Branch 135 St. Clair Ave. West Toronto, Ontario M4V 1 P 5
permeability and density.
(416) 248-3044
Miss Teresa Yeung Applied Sciences Section Pollution Control Branch Ministry of the Environment 135 St. Clair Ave. West Toronto, Ontario M4V 1P5 (416) 248-3044
Analyst for extractable P from soil, P isotherm
10.224 Activity No. 4 -- Water Quantity and Quality Monitorng Framework Mr. R. C. Ostry (Address Above)
Mr. J. E. O'Neill (Address Above)
Dr. Ansar Qureshi (Address Above)
Project Leader for Water
Project Leader for Sediment
Project Leader and Analyst for Microbiological Studies
Mr. Dennis Onn Field Coordinator Ontario Ministry of the Environment 135 St. Clair Ave. West Toronto, Ontario M4V 1P5 (416) 965-1655
June 1976
N a m e , Address and Telephone
D r . Fred Dieken (Address Above)
D r . B. Loesher (Address Above)
M r . G . R e e s (Address Above)
D r . J e r r y Hipfner (Address Above)
M r . D e n n i s Donohue (Address Above)
R e s p o n s i b i l i t y or Interest
Analys t f o r n u t r i e n t s , o r g a n i c carbon and m i n e r a l s i n water
Analys t f o r heavy m e t a l s i n water.
Analys t f o r p e s t i c i d e s and PCBs; i n water.
Analys t f o r n u t r i e n t s , exchange! c a p a c i t y , metals, m i n e r a l s and C.O.D. i n sediment .
Analys t f o r p a r t i c l e s i z e and t o t a l c a r b o n a t e s i n sediment .
10.225 A c t i v i t y N o . 5 -- Laboratory Support
Laboratory suppor t i s provided by A g r i c u l t u r e Canada, On ta r io
M i n i s t r y of A g r i c u l t u r e and Food, On ta r io Iv,ini,try of t h e
Environment, Canadian C e n t e r f o r In l and Waters, U n i v e r s i t i e s ,
and p r i v a t e c o n t r a c t o r s a s i n d i c a t e d under t h e several
p r o j e c t s l i s t e d under Other Act i .v i t ies .
1 0 . 2 2 6 A c t i v i t y No. 6 -- Riverbank Erosion Study
M r s . Ka ther ine Knap P r o j e c t Leader On ta r io M i n i s t r y of N a t u r a l Resources c/o Dept. of Land Remsource Sc ience U n i v e r s i t y of Guelph Guelph, O n t a r i o N I C r 2 W 1 (519) 824-4120, Ext. - 2 2 7 2
M i s s Anna Lammerding (Same Address a s Knap) (519) 824-4120, Ext . - 8175
Analys t . f o r c l a y minerology T K N , t o t a l P.
March 1 9 7 7
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