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Quality control of shampoos
BYK.BHAVYASRI
ROLL NO- 100809885005 PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS
0SMANIA UNIVERSITY
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ContentsIntroductionFunctionsIdeal propertiesFormulationQuality controlReferences
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Structure of Hair
IntroductionA shampoo may be described asa cosmetic preparation meant forthe washing of hair & scalp, packaged in a form convenient foruse.
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In olden days soap cakes were used for washing hair,but today
Development of synthetic detergents has revolutionized the shampoo market.
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Functions
Cleansing the hair
Sebum secreted by scalp
Sweat residue
Other external matter
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Ideal properties
1. Ease of application
2. Lather power
3. Removal of debris
4. Ease of rinsing
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5. Low level of irritation
6. Well preserved
7. Good stability
8. Economical
9. Fragrance
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Formulation
Detergents / surfactants
Pacifying agents
Clarifying agents
Sequestering agents
Conditioning agents
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Thickening agents
Foam boosters
Activators
Preservatives
Special additives
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Quality control tests
Foam & foam stability
Detergency and cleansing action
Eye irritation Oral toxicity pH test Skin irritation test Viscosity
measurement
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Foam & foam stability Ross-miles foam column
Measuring foam height & foam stability.
200ml of a shampoo solution falls through an orifice into a glass column containing 50ml of the shampoo solution. Height of the column is measured at specific times.
Ross miles foam apparatus
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Detergency and Cleansing action
Wool yarn grease test
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Place 5 grams of wool yarn in grease in 200ml of water containing 1 gram of shampoo in a flask.
Temperature of water should be 35°C. shake the flask for 4 min at the rate of 50 times a minute.
Calculate the amount of soil removed under experimental conditions.
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Eye irritation
Instill 0.1 ml of test substance in conjuctival sac of one eye of 9 albino rabbits.
Divide rabbits in three groups comprising of three rabbits each.
Draize & Kelly, test on eye mucosa of albino rabbits
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Oral toxicity
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Oral toxicity can be given in terms of its lethal dose 50 ( LD/50 ) i.e., number if gms of the material per kg of body weight required to kill half of the test animals used.
Fasting cage animals are taken & dosing is accomplished with the help of stomach tube.
Lower the LD/50 the greater the toxicity.
Test for pH
pH meter
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Soap based shampoos are more effective in pH of 9.0-10.0.
Synthetic detergent based shampoos are effective pH range of 6.0-9.0.
pH can be measured with the help of pH meter.
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Skin irritation tests
Draize Test in rabbits
A set of 6 rabbits is used for testing each material.
Shampoos should be tested only for a short duration, that is, not more than 4 hrs as these products come in contact with the skin only for a short duration.
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These preparations are diluted before use, hence a test concentration of 8-10% is recommended.
The patches are removed after 4 hrs & the skin sites like oedema, erythema or escher formation.
The products may then be classified as mild irritant, moderate irritant & severe irritant.
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Viscosity measurements
Brookfield's viscometer
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REFERENCES
P.N.Sharma; Cosmetics- Formulation, Manufacturing & Quality control; Vandana Publications Pvt Ltd., Delhi.
Sanju Nanda, Arun Nanda, Roop.K.Khar; Cosmetic Technology, First Edition- 2006; Birla Publications Pvt Ltd,
B.M.Mithal, R.N.Saha; A Hand Book of Cosmetics; 2006 Edition; Page no: 105 to 110.
Thank You!