-
7/31/2019 Quality Analysis
1/5
Demings 14 points for quality philosophy:
1. Constancy of purpose
Create constancy of purpose forcontinual improvement of
productsand service to society, allocatingresources to provide for
long rangeneeds rather than only short termprofitability, with a
plan to becomecompetitive, to stay in business, andto provide
jobs.
2. The new philosophy
Adopt the new philosophy. We are in anew economic age, created
in Japan.We can no longer live with commonlyaccepted levels of
delays, mistakes,defective materials, and defectiveworkmanship.
Transformation ofWestern management style isnecessary to halt the
continued
decline of business and industry.
3. Cease dependence on massinspection
Eliminate the need for mass inspection
as the way of life to achieve quality bybuilding quality into
the product in thefirst place. Require statistical evidenceof built
in quality in both manufacturingand purchasing functions.
4. End lowest tender contracts
End the practice of awarding business
-
7/31/2019 Quality Analysis
2/5
solely on the basis of price tag. Insteadrequire meaningful
measures of qualityalong with price. Reduce the number ofsuppliers
for the same item byeliminating those that do not qualify
withstatistical and other evidence of quality.
The aim is to minimize total cost, notmerely initial cost, by
minimizingvariation. This may be achieved bymoving toward a single
supplier for anyone item, on a long term relationship ofloyalty and
trust. Purchasing managershave a new job, and must learn it.
5. Improve every process
Improve constantly and forever everyprocess for planning,
production, andservice. Search continually for problemsin order to
improve every activity in thecompany, to improve quality
andproductivity, and thus to constantlydecrease costs. Institute
innovation andconstant improvement of product,service, and process.
It ismanagement's job to work continually on
the system (design, incoming materials,maintenance, improvement
of machines,supervision, training, retraining).
6. Institute training on the job
Institute modern methods of training
on the job for all, includingmanagement, to make better use
ofevery employee. New skills arerequired to keep up with changes
inmaterials, methods, product andservice design, machinery,
techniques,and service.
7. Institute leadership
-
7/31/2019 Quality Analysis
3/5
Adopt and institute leadership aimed athelping people do a
better job. Theresponsibility of managers andsupervisors must be
changed fromsheer numbers to quality. Improvement
of quality will automatically improveproductivity. Management
must ensurethat immediate action is taken on reportsof inherited
defects, maintenancerequirements, poor tools, fuzzyoperational
definitions, and all conditionsdetrimental to quality.
8. Drive out fear
Encourage effective two waycommunication and other means todrive
out fear throughout theorganization so that everybody maywork
effectively and more productivelyfor the company.
9. Break down barriers
Break down barriers betweendepartments and staff areas. People
indifferent areas, such as Leasing,Maintenance, Administration,
must workin teams to tackle problems that may beencountered with
products or service.
-
7/31/2019 Quality Analysis
4/5
10. Eliminate exhortations
Eliminate the use of slogans, postersand exhortations for the
work force,
demanding Zero Defects and newlevels of productivity, without
providingmethods. Such exhortations onlycreate adversarial
relationships; thebulk of the causes of low quality andlow
productivity belong to the system,and thus lie beyond the power of
thework force.
11. Eliminate arbitrarynumerical targets
Eliminate work standards that prescribequotas for the work force
and numericalgoals for people in management.Substitute aids and
helpful leadership inorder to achieve continual improvement
of quality and productivity.
12. Permit pride ofworkmanship
Remove the barriers that rob hourlyworkers, and people in
management, of
their right to pride of workmanship. Thisimplies, among other
things, abolition ofthe annual merit rating (appraisal
ofperformance) and of Management byObjective. Again, the
responsibility ofmanagers, supervisors, foremen mustbe changed from
sheer numbers toquality.
13. Encourage education
-
7/31/2019 Quality Analysis
5/5
Institute a vigorous program ofeducation, and encourage
selfimprovement for everyone. What anorganization needs is not just
goodpeople; it needs people that are
improving with education. Advances incompetitive position will
have their rootsin knowledge.
14. Top managementcommitment and action
Clearly define top management'spermanent commitment to
everimproving quality and productivity, andtheir obligation to
implement all of theseprinciples. Indeed, it is not enough thattop
management commit themselves forlife to quality and productivity.
Theymust know what it is that they arecommitted tothat is, what
they mustdo. Create a structure in topmanagement that will push
every day onthe preceding 13 Points, and take actionin order to
accomplish the
transformation. Support is not enough:action is required!
