Qualities of a _________ Qualities of a _________ GovernmentGovernment

Exalts that the nation and race are Exalts that the nation and race are above the individualabove the individual

Centralized, autocratic government Centralized, autocratic government headed by a dictator (single pol. party)headed by a dictator (single pol. party)

Severe social regimentation, control, Severe social regimentation, control, and censorshipand censorship

• State control of economy, media, and State control of economy, media, and propagandapropaganda

• Use of school to spread ideologyUse of school to spread ideology

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Elements of FascismElements of Fascism Aggressive nationalismAggressive nationalism To be strong, the nation needs a To be strong, the nation needs a

strong gov’t led by a dictator to strong gov’t led by a dictator to impose order on societyimpose order on society

State/gov’t is most importantState/gov’t is most important Nation needed to expand its territory; Nation needed to expand its territory;

build its militarybuild its military Suppress any oppositionSuppress any oppositionAnti-Anti-

communistscommunists22

33

The Rise of The Rise of FascismFascism

The World at the Brink of WarThe World at the Brink of War

44

The Origins of TroubleThe Origins of Trouble

The Treaty of The Treaty of Versailles ends and Versailles ends and World War I and World War I and left Germany with left Germany with enormous debt and enormous debt and inflation due to the inflation due to the reparations they reparations they were forced to pay.were forced to pay.

55

A Little Corporal Stands A Little Corporal Stands TallTall

Adolf Hitler a Adolf Hitler a veteran of World veteran of World War I becomes a War I becomes a leading proponent leading proponent of German of German nationalismnationalism in the in the 1920’s.1920’s.

A failed attempt to A failed attempt to overthrow the overthrow the government lands government lands Hitler in prison.Hitler in prison.

66

Mein KempfMein Kempf

During his During his incarceration Hitler incarceration Hitler put his political & put his political & nationalistic beliefs as nationalistic beliefs as well as his anti-well as his anti-Semitic feelings to Semitic feelings to print in his book Mein print in his book Mein Kempf.Kempf.

His plan of Racial His plan of Racial (Aryan) Superiority is (Aryan) Superiority is also outlined.also outlined.

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Elected to OfficeElected to Office

Feeding on people’s Feeding on people’s fears Nazi’s set fire to fears Nazi’s set fire to the Reichstag prior to the Reichstag prior to the election and the election and blamed the communists.blamed the communists.

In 1933 Hitler’s Nazi In 1933 Hitler’s Nazi party were elected into party were elected into the majority of the the majority of the German Reichstag and German Reichstag and Hitler was elected Hitler was elected Chancellor.Chancellor.

Italy: The Beginning of Italy: The Beginning of ProblemsProblems

19171917Ally of U.S. in Ally of U.S. in WWIWWIpromised Austrian promised Austrian territory in returnterritory in return

1920s1920spost-WWI and post-WWI and internal problems: internal problems: economy and class economy and class tensions, unemployment, tensions, unemployment, and inflationand inflation

1920s1920sCommunists Communists started organizing the started organizing the poorpoorstrikesstrikes

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Fascism Rises to Power Fascism Rises to Power in Italyin Italy

Facing the same economic Facing the same economic difficulties as Germany a difficulties as Germany a newspaper editor named newspaper editor named Benito Mussolini is elected Benito Mussolini is elected leader.leader.– powerful speaker and powerful speaker and

demagogue (fears)demagogue (fears) Blamed Communists, labor Blamed Communists, labor

leaders, and weak leaders, and weak politicians for Italian politicians for Italian declinedecline

His promise to restore Italy His promise to restore Italy to the glory of the Roman to the glory of the Roman Empire.Empire.

Italian FascismItalian Fascism

1919, Fascist Party1919, Fascist Partyextreme extreme nationalism and racenationalism and race– Opposed democracy: the power of oneOpposed democracy: the power of one

1922 Mussolini lead thousands of 1922 Mussolini lead thousands of “Black Shirts” in a march on “Black Shirts” in a march on RomeRomeseized control of gov’tseized control of gov’t “Believe! Obey! Fight!”“Believe! Obey! Fight!”

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Mussolini’s PlanMussolini’s Plan

Complete very public Complete very public projects.projects.

Rebuild the Rebuild the transportation system transportation system and have the trains and have the trains run on time.run on time.

Arrest and harass the Arrest and harass the Sicilian led Mafia.Sicilian led Mafia.

Rebuild the ArmyRebuild the Army

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Hitler & Mussolini Hitler & Mussolini Join ForcesJoin Forces

An alliance of the two emerging An alliance of the two emerging nations is forged.nations is forged.

A plan of divide and conquer is A plan of divide and conquer is developed;developed;– Germany will invade and conquer Germany will invade and conquer

Central, Western & Eastern Europe. Plus Central, Western & Eastern Europe. Plus the Soviet Union.the Soviet Union.

– Italy will conquer the nations of the Italy will conquer the nations of the Mediterranean Sea and North Africa.Mediterranean Sea and North Africa.

1313

A “new” Rome?A “new” Rome?

1935 Italy invades 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia seeking to Ethiopia seeking to control her grain control her grain harvests.harvests.

Invasions move Invasions move Eastern into Eastern into Tunisia.Tunisia.– Following the path Following the path

of the Roman of the Roman conquerors to conquerors to Carthage.Carthage.

1414

German Forces MarchGerman Forces March

An invasion of Austria An invasion of Austria began and faced little began and faced little resistance as Hitler resistance as Hitler claimed to be claimed to be reuniting the 2 reuniting the 2 nations. I seek no nations. I seek no more land!more land!

Shortly thereafter, Shortly thereafter, Sudetenland is Sudetenland is invaded.invaded.

1515

AppeasementAppeasement The nations of Europe The nations of Europe

met with Hitler at the met with Hitler at the Munich Conference to Munich Conference to discuss the invasion.discuss the invasion.

An agreement was An agreement was reached ending reached ending further hostilities.further hostilities.

Prime Minister Prime Minister Chamberlain of Great Chamberlain of Great Britain pronounced Britain pronounced that “ “we have that “ “we have attained peace in our attained peace in our time.”time.”

1616

An Uneasy TruceAn Uneasy Truce

Germany and the Germany and the Soviet Union sign a Soviet Union sign a Non-Aggression Non-Aggression PactPact

Under the terms of Under the terms of this treaty both this treaty both countries agree not countries agree not to attack the other.to attack the other.

Stalin & Hitler Stalin & Hitler prepare for war prepare for war with each other.with each other.

1717

Blitzkrieg: Lightening Blitzkrieg: Lightening AttackAttack

Hitler’s idea of Hitler’s idea of “Peace in our “Peace in our Time”Time”

Invade, Invade & Invade, Invade & InvadeInvade– PolandPoland– HollandHolland– FranceFrance– The Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union

1818

The World is at the Brink The World is at the Brink of Fascist Dominanceof Fascist Dominance

Describe and analyze the Describe and analyze the social atmosphere that social atmosphere that existed in Europe that existed in Europe that

allowed the rise of Hitler allowed the rise of Hitler and Mussolini.and Mussolini.

1919

Systems ComparedSystems Compared

Italian FascismItalian Fascism ideology of anti-ideology of anti-

democracy. democracy. The state is absolute The state is absolute

and totalitarian and all and totalitarian and all citizens must follow citizens must follow the state.the state.

The state is most The state is most importantimportant

German NazismGerman Nazism Promotes a racist and Promotes a racist and

anti-semitic ideologyanti-semitic ideology Aryan race is superiorAryan race is superior Gov’t must promote Gov’t must promote

the perfect racethe perfect race Nazism tends to be Nazism tends to be

fascist in gov’t fascist in gov’t structurestructure

Race is most Race is most importantimportant

2020

Rise of MussoliniRise of Mussolini

Discuss the problems Discuss the problems facing Italy after WWI facing Italy after WWI

Discuss the rise of Discuss the rise of Mussolini to power.Mussolini to power.

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