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Qualitative ResearchQualitative Research
Narrative researchNarrative research
• How humans experience their livesHow humans experience their lives
• Storied livesStoried lives
• Researchers construct a narrative Researchers construct a narrative attributing experiences to some attributing experiences to some meaningmeaning
Narrative researchNarrative research
• Influences in the last 15 yearsInfluences in the last 15 years– Emphasis on teacher reflectionEmphasis on teacher reflection– Emphasis on teacher knowledgeEmphasis on teacher knowledge– Empowering teachers in research Empowering teachers in research
processprocess
Narrative researchNarrative research
• Addresses difficult issuesAddresses difficult issues
• Goal is to increase understandingGoal is to increase understanding
• Sharing storied lives of teachers to Sharing storied lives of teachers to provide insightprovide insight
• Some believe numbers cannot Some believe numbers cannot represent this understanding and represent this understanding and insightinsight
Narrative research processNarrative research process
• Identify purpose and phenomenon to Identify purpose and phenomenon to exploreexplore
• Select an individual to learn fromSelect an individual to learn from
• Pose initial narrative questionsPose initial narrative questions
• Describe researcher’s roleDescribe researcher’s role
Narrative research processNarrative research process
• Describe data collection methodsDescribe data collection methods
• Describe strategies for analysis and Describe strategies for analysis and interpretation of datainterpretation of data
• Collaborate with participant to write Collaborate with participant to write the narrative – validate accuracythe narrative – validate accuracy
Narrative researchNarrative research
• Highly sensitive, intimate approachHighly sensitive, intimate approach
• TrustTrust
• Equality of voiceEquality of voice
Narrative research - typesNarrative research - types
• Autobiographies/biographiesAutobiographies/biographies
• Personal accountsPersonal accounts
• Oral historiesOral histories
• Ethnohistories/ethnobiographiesEthnohistories/ethnobiographies
Narrative research – key pointsNarrative research – key points“And then what happened?”“And then what happened?”
• Focus on individual experiences Focus on individual experiences • Concerned with chronology of these Concerned with chronology of these
experiencesexperiences• Concentrates on the life story based Concentrates on the life story based
on collected dataon collected data• Incorporates context and placeIncorporates context and place• Collaborative effort – researcher and Collaborative effort – researcher and
participantparticipant
Narrative research – Narrative research – techniquestechniques
• Multiple data sources ensure Multiple data sources ensure objectivityobjectivity
• Interaction requiredInteraction required
• Restorying – researcher gathers Restorying – researcher gathers stories and picks key elements to stories and picks key elements to build a chronological sequencebuild a chronological sequence– Raw data translated to cohesive unit of Raw data translated to cohesive unit of
informationinformation
Narrative research – Narrative research – techniquestechniques• InterviewInterview
– Spoken words plus reactions, nuances, etc.Spoken words plus reactions, nuances, etc.
• Transcribed data – key elements Transcribed data – key elements identifiedidentified
• Researcher organizes the story Researcher organizes the story chronologicallychronologically– Setting, characters, actions, problems, and Setting, characters, actions, problems, and
resolutions are detailedresolutions are detailed
Narrative research – Narrative research – analysisanalysis• Narrative analysisNarrative analysis
– Descriptions of events collectedDescriptions of events collected– Synthesized into narrativesSynthesized into narratives– Attempts to answer how and whyAttempts to answer how and why
• Analysis of narrativeAnalysis of narrative– Stories collectedStories collected– Constructs themes central to all stories Constructs themes central to all stories
captured in narrativecaptured in narrative
Narrative research – data Narrative research – data sourcessources
• Oral historyOral history
• StorytellingStorytelling
• Letter writingLetter writing
• Lesson plansLesson plans
• Parent newslettersParent newsletters
• Philosophical statementsPhilosophical statements
Ethnographic researchEthnographic research
• Cultural patterns Cultural patterns
• Perspectives of participants in Perspectives of participants in natural settingsnatural settings
• Goal is to describe, analyze, and Goal is to describe, analyze, and interpret the culture of a group and interpret the culture of a group and their shared beliefs, behaviors, and their shared beliefs, behaviors, and languagelanguage