Qualitative Research Critique

8/20/2019 Qualitative Research Critique

1/12

Running head: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE 1

Qualitative Research Critique

Ki!erl" Hargr#ve$ %ie Li$ and Erica &ache

'erris State Universit"


2/12

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE (

A!stract

This critique revie)ed a stud" !ased u*#n a!used )#en and h#) the" *erceived theselves in

regards t# sel+,estee and resilience- The critique used eleven criteria t# anal".e a qualitative

stud" and the use #+ the gr#unded the#r" a**r#ach- S#e #+ the guidelines utili.ed include

assessent #+ the use #+ a qualitative a**r#ach +#r the research$ the deterinati#n #+ sa*le si.e$

eth#ds used t# av#id researcher !ias$ and the clarit" #+ the stud" +indings as )ell as an"

liitati#ns t# the research-


3/12

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE /

Qualitative Research Critique

Qualitative research studies *r#vide an invalua!le *ers*ective that c#ncentrates #n

*artici*ants0 #)n *ers#nal *ers*ectives and e*eriences- Unli2e quantitative research$

qualitative research varia!les cann#t !e ani*ulated t# enter int# a h"*#thesis #r the#r"

34ies)iad#"$ (5567- In the article !" Cra)+#rd$ Lei!ling,Kali+ani$ and Hill 3(5587 regarding

a!used )#en$ a qualitative stud" )as c#nducted t# research the e++ects #+ d#estic vi#lence #n

)#en0s sense #+ sel+$ identit"$ and resilience-

Appropriateness of Qualitative Research

Researchers +r# this stud" )anted t# e*l#re *ers#nal insights and *ers*ectives +r#

)#en )h# had !een a *art #+ a!usive relati#nshi*s- T# accuratel" assess e*eriences and

h#) a!used )#en *erceived theselves$ their rec#ver" and resilience$ the researchers used an

intervie) a**r#ach- 4ies)iad#" 3(5567 identi+ied s#e characteristics quali+"ing a stud" +#r

qualitative research eth#ds such as the data is su!9ective$ the sa*le si.es are sall$ the

research *r#vides ulti*le truths$ and the researchers are *art #+ the stud" )ith *artici*ants-

hile this stud" +its th#se criteria$ it is i*#rtant t# n#te that qualitative research eth#ds are

a**r#*riate t# use +#r this *hen#en#n +#r an" reas#ns- The g#al #+ qualitative research is t#

e*l#re ;in,de*th *erce*ti#ns #+ *e#*le #r events< 34ies)iad#"$ (5567 )hich is the *riar"

g#al #+ this stud"-

Subjective Nature of the Human Experience

Su!9ective data are th#se *erce*ti#ns that can !e ;#di+ied #r a++ected !" *ers#nal vie)s$

e*erience$ #r !ac2gr#und=#r identi+ied !" eans #+ #ne>s *erce*ti#n #+ #ne>s #)n states and

*r#cesses< 3?erria,e!ster @nline icti#nar"$ (5157- Intervie)s #+ stud" *artici*ants )ere

c#nducted utili.ing a seistructured technique- Acc#rding t# 4ies)iad#" 3(5567$ sei,


4/12

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE B

structured intervie)s include a variet" #+ cl#sed,ended and #*en,ended questi#ns- T"*icall"$

intervie)ers in a sei,structured +#rat are required t# as2 a s*eci+ic nu!er #+ certain

questi#ns$ !ut als# enc#urage *r#!ing int# #ther su!9ect areas- ata gathered during the

individual intervie) *r#cess is then c#*ared t# the res*#nses #+ all *artici*ants-

Qualitative Research Approach

The qualitative research a**r#ach used in this stud" )as the gr#unded the#r" eth#d-

This a**r#ach is used )hen the researcher d#es n#t enter the research )ith an" *redeterined

the#r" ideas and ;data are c#llected and anal".ed and then a the#r" is devel#*ed that is gr#unded

in the data< 34ies)iad#"$ (5567- Using the gr#unded the#r" a**r#ach$ researchers in this

stud" deterine c#de )#rds used !" the )#en !eing intervie)ed t# classi+" eerging thees-

'r# the eight *artici*ants the researchers cae t# the c#nclusi#n that the#reticall" )#en )h#

)ere in a!usive relati#nshi*s are str#ngl" in+luenced !" s#ciet"$ s#ciet"0s attitudes$ and n#rs

that are created !" s#ciet"- All *artici*ants in the stud" identi+ied h#) their !ehavi#r and !elie+s

)ere in+luenced !" s#ciet" and their culture-

Significance for Nursing

This stud" educates nurses in d#estic vi#lence- Acc#rding t# Centers +#r isease

C#ntr#l and reventi#n 3(5587$ )#en e*erience a!#ut B-6 illi#n intiate *artner related

*h"sical assaults and ra*es each "ear- Intiate *artner vi#lence 3IV7 resulted in 1$D15 deaths in

(55D- @+ these deaths$ 6F )ere +eales- ?edical care$ ental health services$ and l#st

*r#ductivit" c#st #+ IV )as an estiated G6-/ !illi#n in (55/- The data are alaring-

There+#re$ it is required !" the ?ichigan *r#tecti#n la) t# re*#rt sus*ected a!use cases t# the

a**r#*riate c#unt" de*artent #+ huan services- All state licensed *r#+essi#nals are andated

t# re*#rt sus*ected d#estic vi#lence- ?an" nurses +eel that the" d# n#t 2n#) en#ugh a!#ut


5/12

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE D

d#estic vi#lence- C#nsequentl"$ an" are unsure h#) t# identi+" a *#ssi!le victi #r )hat t#

d#- This stud" +#und that d#estic a!use had a signi+icant i*act #n )#en$ their +ailies and

s#ciet"- The stud" hel*s nurses understand that it a" !e ver" di++icult +#r the victis t# #*en

u* a!#ut a!use$ and victis a" !e in denial #r re+use t# adit that the" are !eing a!used-

Victis a" !e +ear+ul #+ the c#nsequences #+ see2ing services- Victis th#ught s#cial services

)#uld get inv#lved and their children )#uld !e ta2en a)a"- H#)ever$ the stud" als# +#und the

)#en )ere a!le t# utili.e res#urces that increased their resilience and )ere eager t# have a

n#ral li+e !" c#nstructing ne) identities thr#ugh )#r2 #r c#llege enr#llent- '#r ea*le$ all

)#en intervie)ed )ere active in see2ing hel* t# *r#tect their children and valued their r#le as a

#ther a!#ve all #ther r#les- Having an in,de*th understanding #+ the victis$ nurses are a!le t#

identi+" and assist victis- 4urses )ill !e a res#urce *ers#n and #++er #*ti#ns that )ill hel* the

victis and their children-

Participants

The researchers clearl" descri!ed h#) *artici*ants )ere selected- The ai #+ the stud"

)as +#r )#en )h# had e*erienced d#estic a!use t# e*l#re their vie)s a!#ut h#) the" )ere

a++ected !" their e*eriences- There+#re$ all *artici*ants )ere )#en )h# )ere victis #+

d#estic a!use- The" )ere all #thers #ver 16 "ears #ld )h# had at least #ne child- The" )ere

see2ing c#unseling services +#r their children$ and )ere n# l#nger in a!usive relati#nshi*s- In

this stud"$ Cra)+#rd$ Lie!ling,Kali+ani$ and Hill 3(5587 stated that the *artici*ants )ere

recruited +r# #thers #+ children )h# attended a Child and Ad#lescent ?ental Health Service

run !" C#ventr" and ar)ic2shire 4HS artnershi* Trust- The children attended a su**#rt

gr#u* +#r children a++ected !" d#estic a!use- Their #thers had t# attend an#ther su**#rt

gr#u* +#r adult )#en )h# had e*erienced d#estic a!use-


6/12

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE

Sample Size

4ies)iad#" 3(5567 stated that$ ;'requentl"$ sa*le si.es are quite sall 315,1(7 in

qualitative studies- Saturati#n is a c#nce*t that is enti#ned in regard t# sa*ling in qualitative

studies< 3*- 17- Eight *artici*ants )ere intervie)ed in this qualitative stud"$ )hich is c#nsistent

)ith t"*ical qualitative research sa*le si.es- Saturati#n #+ the data )as reached )hen data

gathered +r# the intervie) *r#cess resulted in n# additi#nal data anal"sis categ#ries t# !e

+#red-

Data ollection an! Recor!ing Process

The data used +#r the research anal"sis )as gathered !" intervie) *r#cess- The

intervie)s )ere *re,arranged at a tie that )as c#nvenient +#r !#th the research *artici*ants and

the researcher- In+#rati#n )as als# gathered during a *#st intervie) sessi#n )here the

*artici*ants shared her *ers#nal e*eriences and vie)s- All intervie)s and *#st intervie)

sessi#ns )ere digitall" rec#rded +#r transcri*ti#n and su!sequent c#ding- The stud" als# s#ught

t# aintain the an#n"it" #+ *artici*ants !" re#ving all identi+ia!le in+#rati#n +r# the

intervie) transcri*ti#ns- The c#nclusi#n #+ the intervie) *r#cess inv#lved a revie) #+ the

*artici*ants0 e#ti#nal states as )ell as ena!ling *artici*ants t# #*enl" discuss their *ers#nal

vie)s and e*eriences-

Avoi!ing Researcher "ias in Data ollection

Researchers ust utili.e the *r#cess #+ !rac2eting t# adequatel" rec#gni.e and set aside

*ers#nal !elie+s !e+#re c#nducting studies 34ies)iad#"$ (5567- In this stud"$ the lead

researcher rec#gni.ed *#ssi!le !iases that c#uld change the #utc#e- #tential !iases include

the *ers#nal !elie+ regarding a!use victi0s a!ilit" and res*#nsi!ilit" t# leave the vi#lent

relati#nshi*- The researcher als# ac2n#)ledged a *ers#nal lac2 #+ understanding )h" a!used


7/12

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE

)#en reain in vi#lent relati#nshi*s- 'inall"$ it )as rec#gni.ed that the researcher0s *ers#nal

r#les #+ )#an$ #ther and clinical *s"ch#l#g" trainee ight inadvertentl" in+luence the

research *r#cess- In #rder t# *revent these *#ssi!le !iases$ an #utside gr#u* +ailiar )ith the

gr#unded the#r" a**r#ach )as c#nsulted thr#ugh#ut the research *r#cess- The in*ut #+ this

inde*endent gr#u* ena!led the researchers t# e*and #n research +indings and re+lect u*#n and

discuss the research +indings-

onsistenc# of Research $etho!

A gr#unded the#r" a**r#ach$ devel#*ed !" s#ci#l#gists$ laser and Strauss$ )as utili.ed

t# c#*lete this research stud"- ata anal"ses in qualitative studies inv#lve eaining )#rds

#!tained thr#ugh#ut the research- S*eci+ic c#ntent anal"sis is then c#*leted t# divide

in+#rati#n int# categ#ries and devel#* rules +#r c#ding data- In+#rati#n *r#vided during the

research is gr#u*ed t#gether and given c#des- The c#ded data c#llected are then arranged int#

theed clusters 34ies)iad#"$ (5567-

The anal"sis #+ the data in this stud" !egan )ith the transcri*ti#n #+ the rec#rded

intervie)s- The in+#rati#n )as then +urther !r#2en d#)n int# c#des #+ ;eaning+ul units<

3Cra)+#rd$ Lie!ling,Kali+ani$ and Hill$ (558$ *- 67- The thees #+ c#ded in+#rati#n )ere then

utili.ed t# create +#rt",eight l#)er #rder and si higher #rder categ#ries #+ in+#rati#n- The

*r#cess #+ saturati#n )as reached )hen n# +urther categ#ries c#uld !e +#red- Then$ selective

c#ding )as used t# devel#* a +inal the#r"- A gr#unded the#r" a**r#ach is used e++ectivel" in this

stud" t# stud" the e++ects #+ vi#lence #n )#en )hile als# l##2ing at the s#cietal and cultural

in+luences-


8/12

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE 6

Presentation of %in!ings an! &imitations of Stu!#

A+ter the c#*leti#n #+ data anal"sis and saturati#n had !een reached$ a su!sequent

the#r" )as devel#*ed- Researchers devel#*ed a visual #del 3see A**endi7 t# aid in the

understanding #+ the research +indings- The #del als# assists in illustrating the relati#nshi*

!et)een the devel#*ed categ#ries- The research c#ncluded that s#cietal attitudes regarding the

!laing #+ a!use victis ust change !e+#re )#en )ill !e a!le t# !rea2 +ree #+ the +eeling #+

stigati.ati#n and !lae regarding the a!usive relati#nshi*- The stud" als# su**#rted the

+indings #+ nuer#us *ri#r research studies- It )as +#und that )#en0s identit" and sense #+ sel+

are negativel" i*acted !" inv#lveent in vi#lent relati#nshi*s- The research *artici*ants )ere

als# +#und t# inii.e the e++ects #+ the a!use )hile c#nsequentl" atte*ting t# 9usti+" the

a!usive !ehavi#r- These +indings tended t# decrease the a!use victis0 resilienc"-

hile the research stud" did *resent clear +indings regarding the *s"ch#l#gical e++ects #+

a!use #n )#en0s sense #+ identit"$ there )ere als# nuer#us liitati#ns t# the research results-

The )#en included in the stud" gr#u* )ere included in the research as a result #+ requiring

services t# assist the )ith di++iculties )ith their children- An#ther *#ssi!le liitati#n #+ the

stud" is the +act that the )#en a" have +#cused #re u*#n the negative as*ects #+ their lives

due t# their current d#estic situati#n- hile the )#en included in the research )ere diverse

in regards t# age and length #+ relati#nshi* and tie since relati#nshi* terinati#n$ a liitati#n

in the cultural diversit" )as ehi!ited- All )#en intervie)ed )ere )hite and +r# the sae

vicinit"$ thus creating a liitati#n in the a!ilit" t# generali.e the research +indings t# #ther ethnic

gr#u*s-


9/12


Recommen!ations for %urther Research

?an" rec#endati#ns )ere ade +#r +urther research relating t# this stud"- In this

stud"$ it )as revealing that )#en )h# ust c#ntinue t# interact )ith their e,a!user +#r

inv#lving their children have a #re di++icult tie c#*ing )ith the a++ects #+ the a!use- These

interacti#ns increased the )#en0s +eeling that the" )ere a!used$ and the" )ere una!le t# #ve

+#r)ard in the *r#cess #+ rec#ver"- C#*ing echaniss t# hel* th#se )#en )h# are in siilar

situati#ns needs t# !e +urther e*l#red$ s*eci+icall" )hat *r#gras can hel* )#en t# !ec#e

#re *r#ductive and achieve their stated g#als- #en in *revi#us research and in this current

research stud" e*ressed a istrust #+ *r#gras and +elt as i+ the" )ere una!le t# !e c#*letel"

h#nest and as i+ their unique e*eriences )ere n#t valued- In researching essential *r#gras and

)a"s t# c#nduct services +#r th#se )h# are a!used$ research sh#uld l##2 at h#) )#en +eel

a!#ut *articular *r#gras and services$ and use the e*eriences #+ a!used )#en t# guide h#)

and )hen *r#gras are i*leented- All *artici*ants in the stud" )here #thers )h# !r#ught

their children in c#ntact )ith s#e t"*e #+ service +#r *r#!lesJ these )#en +elt is i+ their

greatest r#le )as !eing a #ther- ?#re research is needed t# c#*are +eelings #+ )#en )h#

are n#t #thers- C#*aring th#se )h# are #thers and th#se )h# are n#t can clari+" i+ th#se

)h# are #thers are #re deterined t# thrive in s#ciet"$ have higher sel+,estee and resilience

than th#se )h# are n#t #thers-

onclusion

Qualitative research studies *r#vide an invalua!le *ers*ective that c#ncentrates #n

*artici*ants0 #)n *ers#nal *ers*ectives and e*eriences- Cra)+#rd$ Lei!ling,Kali+ani$ and Hill

3(5587 eained )#en0s *erce*ti#ns regarding a!use- This critique revie)ed the stud" using

eleven criteria t# anal".e a qualitative stud"- S#e #+ the guidelines utili.ed include assessent


10/12


#+ the use #+ a qualitative a**r#ach +#r the research$ the deterinati#n #+ sa*le si.e$ eth#ds

used t# av#id researcher !ias$ and the clarit" #+ the stud" +indings as )ell as an" liitati#ns t#

the research- The critique +#und that all eleven criteri#n had !een addressed in the stud"-


11/12


Re+erences

Centers +#r isease C#ntr#l and reventi#n- 3(5587- Understanding intiate *artner vi#lence-

Retrieved +r# htt*:)))-cdc-g#vvi#lence*reventi#n*d+IV+actsheet,a-*d+

Cra)+#rd$ E-$ Lie!ling,Kali+ani$ H-$ and Hill$ V- 3(558$ 4#ve!er7- #en0s understanding #+

the e++ects #+ d#estic a!use: The i*act #n their identit"$ sense #+ sel+$ and resilience- A

gr#unded the#r" a**r#ach- Journal of International Women’s Studies, 113(7$ /,6(-

?erria,e!ster @nline icti#nar" 3(5157- Su!9ective- Retrieved +r# htt*:)))-erria,

)e!ster-c#dicti#nar"su!9ective

4ies)iad#"$ R- ?- 3(5567- '#undati#ns #+ nursing research 3Dth ed-7- U**er Saddle River$ 4%:

ears#n Educati#n Inc-


12/12

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE 1(

Appen!ix

A #del t# illustrate )#en>s understanding #+ the e++ects #+ d#estic a!useJ the i*act #n their identit"$sense #+ sel+ and resilience 3Cra)+#rd$ Lie!ling,Kali+ani$ and Hill$ (5587

ultural'Societal

(nfluences

(n!ivi!ual (!entit#)

$ultiplicit# of Roles

Sense of Self Experience of

Abuse

Effects of Abuse%actors Affecting

Documents

Qualitative Research Critique