QKD Industrialization: The Approach of Huawei … HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. QKD Industrialization: The Approach of Huawei – Challenges and Chances M.Peev, QC&C, GRC –Munich

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www.huawei.comHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

QKD Industrialization: The

Approach of Huawei –

Challenges and Chances

M.Peev, QC&C, GRC – Munich

Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH

20.09.2016

Page 2 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

The Origins of Quantum CryptographyQuantum Mechanics

Quantum mechanical Basic Quantum Mechanic distinctive

features that enable creating unique crypto tools

The result of a measurement of “incompatible state” is unpredictable

A single measurement result does not allow state reconstruction

As a consequence - systems can not be copied – multiply replicated

These features can be turned into crypto-protection

mechanisms

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QKD Major Advantages

Information Theoretically Secure Key Agreement

(in an ideal model or in case of known side channels)

Everlasting Security of Key Agreement;

ES: not broken on transmission = never broken

(even with uncharacterised side channels)

Applications

ITS or ES encryption – One Time Pad (slow)

Very Secure (Quantum Safe) encryption full speed (e.g. AES)

ITS or ES communication authenticity (critical infrastructure)

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QKD Major Limitations and Road Blocks

Performance

Distance

Rate

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Performance

Distance

Rate

Too expensive in comparison with communication

technology

CAPital EXPenditure

OPerational EXPenditure

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Performance

Too expensive in comparison with communication

technology

Key-growing Nature of the primitive

Requires a short key to kick-start

Distribution of initial secret problem – different approaches

Peer-to-peer nature

Symmetric key distribution primitive between pairs of users

How to integrate into modern security architectures and get end-to-end

security?6

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Quantum Key Distribution Networks

Definition and Basic types

A QKD network is an infrastructure allowing any-to-any

QKD Communication between end-points (nodes)

QKD network types:

Switching QKD networks: utilization of mechanism (switching) that

creates on demand an end-to-end quantum channel between end-

nodes – limited distance

Trusted Repeater QKD networks: No end to end channel!

Separate links between the nodes, that produce key independently

one from the other. Secure communication using the hop-by-hop

method and trusting the nodes – trust of nodes830.01.2017


QKD Networks today

Multiple Trusted Repeater Networks

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Overcome technological challenges

Reduce OPEX – this will come with industrialization but relies technologically on miniaturization

Reduce CAPEX – go for multiplexing

Increase the usable distance – (trusted repeater and later quantum repeater) QKD networks

Increase usability

Find a useful place of QKD in the crypto domain – e.g. in the framework of emerging long term

security, or non ITS but asymmetric Quantum Crypto beyond QKD: target the crypto community

Certify security: target security community at large

Standardize products (interfaces, form-factors): target industry and (potentially) end users

Approaches to broader applicability, SME

survival and industrialization

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Potential application domains

Training systems for prospective adopters

Secure communication for end customers

Infrastructure protection of big communication providers

Value Chain of communication Technology: QKD is a specific

COMMUNICATION security upgrade

Communication Technology Providers -> Communication Technology Operators ->

Communication End Users (corporate or private)



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Find roads to the market

Prepare full-scale products

Find niche immediate end-customers: a strategy that is indispensable for SMEs for survival

Go for an industry approach: Technology Providers to Communication Operators



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Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH (Germany)

Runs GRC – the German Research Centre of Huawei

Is supervised by ERI – European Research Institute of Huawei (Belgium)

Quantum Communication and Computation Laboratory (QC&C)

The only Huawei entity that focuses on Quantum Technology (initially Quantum

Communication)

Situated in the GRC – Munich

Cooperates with European research institutions

Employs predominantly European researchers

Operates in strict compliance with European export control

Considers prospective European based quantum production

Huawei enters the QKD area

(who we are)

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Huawei Main Target: ACT as Communication Technology provider that

overcomes major roadblocks of QKD and

reaches towards Communication Technology Operators being anyway the main Huawei

customers and actually development partners; big European operators already show significant

interest in Huawei QKD development

The main approach:

do not pursue immediate economic success, take time for a sound development

apply all resources that might be necessary


(Strategic Objectives)

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Huawei started QKD system development, considering several options.

Main targets:

Full scale co-integration in exiting communication lines reduce OPEX

Full Scale integration in existing Huawei telecommunication products allow customers

optional choice of technology at any time on top of their communication infrastructure

Design allowing subsequent photonic chip + ASIC or FPGA integration reduce significantly

CAPEX and simultaneously allow higher performance

Allow seamless integration in QKD networks increase flexibility and/or distance and allow

seamless integration in prospective application layers (e.g. SDN)


(primary Technological Objectives)

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Discrete Variable QKD (phase modulation, BB84, decoy states)

Easier to kick-start

Relatively easy to integrate on a blade to put in a communication device

Optical co-integration feasible (as demonstrated) but has limits

Limited options to reduce size and cost of detectors

Continuous Variable QKD

Has a higher potential for optical co-integration

Is fully compatible with current telecom technology

Can be brought to full-scale photonic integration

Has a number of technical issues to solve (local-local oscillator, low noise receiver, extreme

error correction)

Huawei QKD area development focus

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OSN 9800U16/32

Co-integration of QKD with at least 8 100 Gb/s channels

AES-256 encryptor on board with adequate key interface

Option to force key exchange in the encryptor more often than the

present 5 min

Standard high-end telecommunication device of Huawei

Prospective QKD devices will be an optional card that can also seamlessly be

integrated at a later stage (after an original deployment of a OSN 9800

device)

Huawei QKD Target Optical Platform for

Integration

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9800U16/32


Huawei is further interested in:

Security certification of QKD (ISG QKD ETSI)

Advanced design of QKD Networks (switched and trusted repeater)

Design of (trusted repeater class) QKD Networks based on partial trust only (secret sharing)

Study of the utilization of QKD (and QKD Networks) in SDN/NFV

Huawei QKD development: next steps

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Thank youwww.huawei.com


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QKD Industrialization: The Approach of Huawei … HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. QKD Industrialization: The Approach of Huawei – Challenges and Chances M.Peev, QC&C, GRC –Munich