1

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

DDCE Utkal University

qhXr (E_.E.)M.A. (Hindi)

PAPER - x

boIH$boIH$boIH$boIH$boIH$

S>m°. A{OV àgmX _hmnmÌS>m°. A{OV àgmX _hmnmÌS>m°. A{OV àgmX _hmnmÌS>m°. A{OV àgmX _hmnmÌS>m°. A{OV àgmX _hmnmÌ

Certified that Syllabus & Courses of

Study have been prepared

According to the UGC guidelines

2

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

DDCE UTKAL UNIVERSITYM.A. (Hindi)

PAPER - X

COURSES OF STUDY

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXrà`moOZ_ybH$ qhXrà`moOZ_ybH$ qhXrà`moOZ_ybH$ qhXrà`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Unit - I H$m`m©b`rZ qhXr Ho$ à_wI H$m ©

Unit - II qhXr Ho$ {d{dY ê$n

Unit - III qhXr H§$ß yqQ>J

A§H$ {d^mOZ :A§H$ {d^mOZ :A§H$ {d^mOZ :A§H$ {d^mOZ :A§H$ {d^mOZ :

VrZ AmbmoMZmË_H$ àíZ 12×3 = 36

VrZ bKyÎmar àíZ 8×3 = 24

Xmo {Q>ßnUr _ybH$ àíZ 5 × 2 = 10

___________

Hw$b = 70

gÌr` H$m © = 30

_____________________

Hw$b A§H 100

3

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nmR²>`H«$_nmR²>`H«$_nmR²>`H«$_nmR²>`H«$_nmR²>`H«$_à`moOZ _ybH$ qhXrà`moOZ _ybH$ qhXrà`moOZ _ybH$ qhXrà`moOZ _ybH$ qhXrà`moOZ _ybH$ qhXr

UNIT - I 1. H$m`m©b`rZ qhXr Ho$ à_wI H$m`© H$m`m©b`rZ qhXr Ho$ à_wI H$m`© H$m`m©b`rZ qhXr Ho$ à_wI H$m`© H$m`m©b`rZ qhXr Ho$ à_wI H$m`© H$m`m©b`rZ qhXr Ho$ à_wI H$m`©

1.1 àmê$nU

1.2 {Q>>ßnUr

1.3 g§jonU

1.4 nëbdZ

1.5 nÌ-boIZ

1.6 nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr

UNIT - II 2. qhXr Ho$ {d{dY ê$nqhXr Ho$ {d{dY ê$nqhXr Ho$ {d{dY ê$nqhXr Ho$ {d{dY ê$nqhXr Ho$ {d{dY ê$n

2.1 amO^mfm

2.2 amï> mfm

2.3 g§Mma mfm

2.4 H$mì`^mfm

UNIT - III 3. qhXr H§$ß`yqQ>JqhXr H§$ß`yqQ>JqhXr H§$ß`yqQ>JqhXr H§$ß`yqQ>JqhXr H§$ß`yqQ>J

3.1 H§$ß yQ>a n[aM`

Ÿ 3.2 ê$naoIm

3.3 Cn`moJ

3.4 B§Q>aZoQ>

3.5 qbH$

3.6 ~«mCqOJ

3.7 B©._ob

3.8 S>mCZ -bmoqS>J

3.9 An-bmoqS>J

3.10 y{ZH$moS>

4

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Unit - I

1. H$m`m©b`rZ qhXr Ho$ à_wI àH$m`©H$m`m©b`rZ qhXr Ho$ à_wI àH$m`©H$m`m©b`rZ qhXr Ho$ à_wI àH$m`©H$m`m©b`rZ qhXr Ho$ à_wI àH$m`©H$m`m©b`rZ qhXr Ho$ à_wI àH$m`© 1.1 àmê$nUàmê$nUàmê$nUàmê$nUàmê$nU

1.2 {Q> >ßnU{Q> >ßnU{Q> >ßnU{Q> >ßnU{Q> >ßnUe r

1.3 g§jonUg§jonUg§jonUg§jonUg§jonU

1.4 nëbdZnëbdZnëbdZnëbdZnëbdZ

1.5 nÌ-boIZnÌ-boIZnÌ-boIZnÌ-boIZnÌ-boIZ

1.6 nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbrnm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbrnm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbrnm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbrnm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr

5

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Unit - I

H$m`m©b`rZ qhXr Ho$ à_wI H$m`©H$m`m©b`rZ qhXr Ho$ à_wI H$m`©H$m`m©b`rZ qhXr Ho$ à_wI H$m`©H$m`m©b`rZ qhXr Ho$ à_wI H$m`©H$m`m©b`rZ qhXr Ho$ à_wI H$m`©

1.1 àmê$nU H$m AW© :àmê$nU H$m AW© :àmê$nU H$m AW© :àmê$nU H$m AW© :àmê$nU H$m AW© :

qhXr _| àmê$n boIZ H$m _gm¡Xm boIZ, AmboIZ, n«mê$nU, àmboIZ Am{X Ho$ Zm_ go

OmZm OmVm h¡ Ÿ& h eãX A§J«oOr H$m S´>mpâQ>¨J eãX H$m n`m© h¡ Ÿ& H$m`m©b`m| _| AmdVr na {Q>ßnUrH$m © g_má hmoZo Ho$ ~mX H$m`m©b`r nÌmoÎma H$m Omo _gm¡Xm V¡ ma {H$`m OmVm h¡, Cgo "àmê$nU'H$hVo h¢ & {Q>ßnU H$m © H$m hr A§{V_ gmonmZ àmê$nU h¡, gaH$mar, AY©gaH$mar, J¡agaH$mar,gmd©O{ZH$ à{Vð>mZm| d XâVam| _| àmê$n boIZ A{YH$ àM{bV h¡ Ÿ&

1.1.2 àUmbr :àUmbr :àUmbr :àUmbr :àUmbr :

{H$gr r {df` _| O~ AmJo H$s H$m ©dmB© {ZpíMV hmo OmVr h¡ V~ àmê$n V¡ ma hmoVm h¡ Ÿ&XâVam| _| _gm¡Xm JmonZr` hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& `h g§~§{YV AZw mJ A{YH$mar AWdm Ada g{Md Ho$ ÛmamV¡ ma {H$`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& {Q>ßnUr _| {OZ ~mVm| H$m CëboI hmoJm CZ ~mVm| H$mo àmê$n _| aIZm Oê$arh¡ Ÿ& g§~§{YV _gm¡Xm V¡ ma H$aZo Ho$ ~mX \$mBb _| AZw_moXZ Ho$ {bE CÀMm{YH$mar Ho$ nmg oO{X`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& àmê$n AZw_mo{XV hmoH$a H$m`m©b` AmXoe Ho$ ê$n _| {d{^Þ {d^mJm| VWm g§~§{YVì`{º$`m| H$mo {X`m OmEJm Ÿ&

1.1.3 ê$naoIm :ê$naoIm :ê$naoIm :ê$naoIm :ê$naoIm :

* àmê$nU H$m _m_bm {dMma d {ZU© Ho$ AmYma na V¡ ma hmoJm Ÿ&

* {d{^Þ {d^mJm| H$s eãXmdbr Am¡a mfm e¡br Ho$ AZwgma _gm¡Xm boIZ hmoJm Ÿ&

* àmê$nU _| Cggo g§~§{YV nyd© nÌm| H$s g§»`m Am¡a {XZm§H$ H$m CëboI hmoJm Ÿ&

* D$na _| gaH$ma, {d^mJ, nÌ- g§»`m Am¡a _Ü`^mJ _| {df`-dñVw Am¡a Xm`t Amoa ào{fVr H$m Zm_, nX Am¡a nVm {bIm OmEJm Ÿ&

6

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* àmê$n boIZ _| g§~§{YV {df` H$s nyar VÏ`mË_H$ OmZH$mar Xr OmEJr Ÿ& {ZîH$f© _| ghr ê$n go {df` H$s _yb ~mV| ~VmB© OmE±Jr Ÿ&

* {df`-dñVw Ho$ _wVm{~H$ àmê$n H$m AmH$ma N>moQ>m-~‹S>m hmo gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& AZwÀN>oXm| _| {df`-dñVw H$mo àñVwV H$aZm Mm{hE Ÿ& {df`-dñVw H$m gma A§{V_ AZwÀN>oX _| ahZm Mm{hE ŸVm{H$ A{YH$mar g_PH$a VwaÝV {ZU© bo gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ&

AZw_moXZ Ho$ {bE grYo {ZåZ{b{IV {Z`_m| Ho$ AmYma na àñVwV {H$`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

1) AmdVr na H$s OmZo dmbr H$ma©dmB© ñnï> hmo Ÿ;

2) nhbo go Mbr Am ahr n[anmQ>r na AmYm[aV hmo Ÿ;

3) Bg na {H$gr àH$ma H$s {Q>ßnUr {bIZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm Z g_Pr OmVr hmo Ÿ;

4) _m_bo H$s Om±M H$aZo na H$ma©dmB© H$s {Xem ñnï> hmo Am¡a {Q>ßnUr {bIH$a CgHo$ gmW ^oOm Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ;

`{X {H$gr AmdVr na Cn wº$ A{YH$mar H$m © H$s {Xem _| H$moB© AmXoe, {ZXoe, AZwXoeAm{X XoVm h¡ V~ ghm`H$ Cg na H$ma©dmB© H$a _gm¡Xm V¡ ma H$aVm h¡ ŸAm¡a Cgo Cg A{YH$mar H$moAZw_moXZ Ho$ {bE àñVwV H$aVm h¡ Ÿ&

`{X {H$gr A{YH$mar Zo {H$gr {df` Ho$ g§~§Y _| H$moB© am` ~Zm br hmo Vmo dh nÌ H$sñdÀN> à{V ~ZmH$a Cg na AnZo hñVmja H$a XoVm h¡ Am¡a Cgo Omar H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma Xo gH$Vmh¡ Ÿ& dh ñd § r _gm¡Xm V¡ ma H$aHo$ Cgo AZw_moXZ Ho$ {bE gj_ A{YH$mar $Ho$ g_j àñVwV H$agH$Vm h¡ Ÿ&

gm_mÝ`V: Zo_r _m_bm| _| àmê$n `m _gm¡Xm V¡ ma Zht {H$`m OmVm Ÿ& grYo hr nÌ H$sñdÀN> à{V V¡ ma H$aHo$ Cgo Omar H$am`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

1.1.4 {gÕmÝV :{gÕmÝV :{gÕmÝV :{gÕmÝV :{gÕmÝV :

gw{dYm H$s Ñ{ï> go àmê$nU m _gm¡Xm-boIZ H$mo Xmo dJm] _| {d^m{OV {H$`m Om gH$Vmh¡ Ÿ&

i) àma§{^H$ àmê$nU

ii) CƒVa àmê$nU

àma§{^H$ àmê$nU _| AmdoXZ-nÌ, ñ_aU nÌ, A§V[a_ CÎma, n¥ð>m§H$Z, Xm¡am H$m ©H«$_,AY©gaH$mar nÌ, H$m`m©b` AmXoe Am{X h¢ Ÿ&

7

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CƒVa àmê$nU _| H$m`m©b` kmnZ, A{YgyMZm, g§H$ën, àog {dk{á Am{X gpå_{bVh¢ Ÿ&

àmê$n A{YH$mar Ho$ nmg grYo oOm Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& `h gj_ A{YH$mar Ho$ nmgAZw_moXZ Ho$ {bE grYo {ZåZ{b{IV {Z`_m| Ho$ AmYma na àñVwV {H$`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

i) AmdVr na H$s OmZodmbr H$ma©dmB© ñnï> hmo Ÿ&

ii) nhbo go Mbr Am ahr n[anmQ>r na AmYm[aV hmo Ÿ&

iii) Bg na {H$gr àH$ma H$s {Q>ßnUr {bIZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm Z g_Pr OmVr hmo ;

iv) _m_bo H$s Om±M H$aZo na H$ma©dmB© H$s {Xem ñnï> hmo Am¡a {Q>ßnUr {bIH$a CgHo$gmW oOm Om gHs$ &

`{X {H$gr AmdVr na Cn wº$ A{YH$mar H$m © H$s {Xem _| H$moB© AmXoe, {ZXoe, AZwXoeAm{X XoVm h¡ V~ ghm`H$ Cg na H$ma©dmB© H$a _gm¡Xm V¡ ma H$aVm h¡ ŸAm¡a Cgo Cg A{YH$mar H$moAZw_moXZ Ho$ {bE àñVwV H$aVm h¡ Ÿ&

`{X {H$gr A{YH$mar Zo {H$gr {df` Ho$ g§~§Y _| H$moB© am` ~Zm br hmo Vmo dh nÌ H$sñdÀN> à{V ~ZmH$a Cg na AnZo hñVmja H$a XoVm h¡ Am¡a Cgo Omar H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma Xo gH$Vmh¡ Ÿ& dh ñd § ^r _gm¡Xm V¡ ma H$aHo$ Cgo AZw_moXZ Ho$ {bE gj_ A{YH$mar Ho$ g_j àñVwV H$agH$Vm h¡ Ÿ&

gm_mÝ`V: Zo_r _m_bm| _| àmê$n `m _gm¡Xm V¡ ma Zht {H$`m OmVm Ÿ& grYo hr nÌ H$sñdÀN> à{V V¡ ma H$aHo$ Cgo Omar H$am`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

1.1.5 àmê$n Ho$ AZwXoe : àmê$n Ho$ AZwXoe : àmê$n Ho$ AZwXoe : àmê$n Ho$ AZwXoe : àmê$n Ho$ AZwXoe :

àmê$n m _gm¡Xm {bIVo g_` {ZåZ{b{IV AZwXoem| H$m nmbZ {H$`m OmZm Mm{hE :

H$) àmê$n `m _gm¡Xm ñdV: ñnï> Am¡a ñdV: nyU© hmoZm Mm{hE Ÿ&

I) _gm¡Xm Wmg§ d g§{já hmoZm Mm{hE Ÿ& {X {H$gr {deof H$maU hoVw àmê$nbå~m `m H${R>Z hmo OmE Vmo A§V _| D$na H$hr hþB© nyar ~mV H$m gmam§e {bIZmC{MV h¡ Ÿ& AnZo {dMma gh-g§~§{YV hmoZm Mm{hE Ÿ&

J) bå~o dmŠ`m| go Xya ahZm Mm{hE Ÿ& eãXm| H$mo AZmdí`H$ ê$n go Z Kw_m -{\$amE± Ÿ&

K) nÌ oOZo dmbo H$mo CÎma XoVo g_` CgHo$ nÌ H$s H«$_g§»`m, {XZm§H$ Am{X{bIZm Mm{hE Ÿ&

8

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L>) `{X EH$ hr nles na EH$ go A{YH$ nÌ oOZo hm| Vmo df© {XImZo dmbr g§»`m gonhbo AbJ-AbJ H«$_g§»`m aIZr Mm{hE ; O¡go - g§.\$m... 3/15(2)/13

à..\$m. 1/17(13)14 à. Am{X Ÿ&

M) `{X EH$ go A{YH$ nÌm| H$m CëboI H$aZm Amdí`H$ hm| Vmo Cgo _gm¡Xo Ho$ hm{gE_| {X`m OmZm Mm{hE Ÿ&

N>) _gm¡Xo _| `h ñnï> {H$`m OmZm Mm{hE {H$ nÌ Ho$ gmW {H$VZo g§b½ZH$ OmE±Jo Ÿ&n¥ð> H$s ~m§B© Amoa g§b½ZH$ g§»`m {bIr OmE Ÿ&

O) {Og gj_ A{YH$mar Ho$ hñVmja go nÌ Omar {H$`m Om ahm hm|, _gm¡Xo _| CgH$mZm_, nXZm_ VWm Q>obr\$moZ, _mo~mBb Z§~a Adí` XoZm Mm{hE Ÿ&

P) àmê$I {bIVo g_` `m Q>mBn H$aVo g_` XmoZm| Amoa hm{e`m H$m\$s N>mo‹S>ZmMm{hE Ÿ& n§{º$`m| Ho$ ~rM H$m\$s A§Va aIZm Mm{hE Vm{H$ Amde`H$Vm n‹S>Zo naeãX Omo‹S>Zo `m ì`m»`m H$aZo _| Agw{dYm Z hmo Ÿ&

Äm) àmê$n Ho$ gmW "AZw_moXZ Ho$ {bE _gm¡Xm' (S´>mâQ> \«$ma Eàydb) H$s nMu bJm XrOmZr Mm{hE Ÿ&

Q>) {X EH$ go A{YH$ _gm¡Xo hm| Vmo CZ na n{M© m| na A._.(1), A._.(2) Am{X{bI XoZm Mm{hE Ÿ&

R>) VËH$mb VWm àmW{_H$Vm H$o$ ê$n _| Omar {H$E OmZo dmbo àmê$nm| na AZw mJA{YH$mar Ho$ ñVa Ho$ A{YH$mar Ho$ AmXoem| Ho$ AZwgma "VËH$mb' AWdm"àmW{_H$Vm' {bIZm Amdí`H$ h¡ Ÿ&

S>) S>mH$ go oOo OmZo dmbo nÌ `{X _hËdnyU© hm| `m CZHo$ gmW H$moB© _yë`dmZàboI(O¡go -godmn§Or,MoH$) Am{X oOo Om aho hm| Vmo CZHo$ Am¡{MË` H$mo XoIVohþE CÝh| a{OñQ´>r S>mH$, ~r_mH¥$V {b\$m\o$ `m S>mH$ à_mU nÌ Ûmam oOm OmZmMm{hE Ÿ&

T>) àmê$n na AZw_moXZ H$aZo H$m g§Ho$V XoZo Ho$ {bE g§~§{YV A{YH$mar H$mo AnZoAmÚja Adí` H$aZm Mm{hE Ÿ&

1.1.6 joÌ :joÌ :joÌ :joÌ :joÌ :

àmê$n boIZ H$m à`moJ {ZåZ{b{IV joÌm| _| {H$`m OmVm h¡ :

1. nÌ

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2. ñ_aU nÌ/ AZwñ_maH$

3. ÐþV nÌ

4. ñdr{H¥${V nÌ

5. A§V[a_ CÎma H$m nÌ

6. {_Vì`` nÌ

7. n¥ð>m§H$Z

8. Xm¡am H$m ©H«$_O{ZV nÌ

9. AY© -gaH$mar nÌ

10. H$m`m©b` AmXoe

11. H$m`m©b` kmnZ

12. A{YgyMZm

13. g§H$ën

14. àog {dk{á

15. à{VdoXZ

1.1.7 àmê$nU Ho$ Hw$N> Z_yZo :àmê$nU Ho$ Hw$N> Z_yZo :àmê$nU Ho$ Hw$N> Z_yZo :àmê$nU Ho$ Hw$N> Z_yZo :àmê$nU Ho$ Hw$N> Z_yZo :

n Ìn Ìn Ìn Ìn Ì

{ejm _§Ìmb` go Xmo ghm`H$m| H$mo H|$Ðr` qhXr {ZXoemb` _| ñWmZmÝV[aV {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ&{H$ÝVw CZHo$ {nN>bo H$m`m©b` go A^r VH$ CZH$s godmn§{O`m± Am¡a AÝ` godm [aH$mS>© àmá Zht hþEh¢ Ÿ& {ejm _§Ìmb` go Cº$ XñVmdoO erK« oOZo H$m AZwamoY H$aZo Ho$ {bE nÌ Ho$ àmê$n H$m Z_yZm :

g. \$. h 5.01/14. à.

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Ho$ÝÐr` qhXr {ZXoemb`

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ZB© {Xëbr, 20 \$adar 2014

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godm _|,

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emór dZ, ZB© {Xëbr Ÿ&

{df` : a_oe e_m© Am¡a Jmonmb qgh, ghm`H$m| H$s godmn§{O`m| Am¡a AÝ` godm [aH$mS>m] Ho$ g§~§Y _| Ÿ&

_hmoX`,

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nydm©Ýh H$mo g§ mb {b`m Ÿ& naÝVw AmO VH$ BZH$s godm n§Or Am¡a godm [aH$mS>© àmá Zht hþE Ÿ&

AV: Amngo AZwamoY h¡ {H$ BZ ghm`H$m| H$s godm-n§Or, A§{V_ doVZ {dVaU, A{O©VNw>Q²>Q>r Am¡a AmH$pñ_H$ Nw>Q²>Q>>r Am{X Ho$ XñVmdoO erK« oOZo H$s H¥$nm H$a| Ÿ&

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godm _|,

Ada g{Md,

{ejm H$ë`mU _§Ìmb` ({ejm {d^mJ),

emór dZ, ZB© {Xëbr

{df` : a_oe e_m© Am¡a Jmonmb qgh, ghm`H$m| H$s godm n§{O`m± Am¡a AÝ` godm XñVmdoO Ho$ g§~§Y _| Ÿ&

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Bg H$m`m©b` Ho$ g_g§»`m nÌ {X. 2 OZdar 2014 Ho$ ~mao _| _wPo Amngo h H$hZo H$m{ZXoe hþAm h¡ {H$ lr a_oe e_m© Am¡a Jmonmb qgh, ghm`H$m| H$s godm-n§{O`m± Am¡a AÝ` godm[aH$mS>© A^r VH$ àmá Zht hþE Ÿ& BZHo$ A^md _| H$moB© H$m`m©b`r H$m_ Zht hmo nm ahm h¡ Ÿ&

AV: Amngo AZwamoY h¡ {H$ Cº$ Xmo ghm`H$m| H$s godm-n§Or Am¡a AÝ` XñVmdoO erK«m{VerK« {^OdmZo H$s H¥$nm H$a| Ÿ&

^dXr`

h.....

(gwaoe ~bd§V am`)

Cn{ZXoeH$ (àemgZ)

12

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* ñdrH¥${V nÌ * ñdrH¥${V nÌ * ñdrH¥${V nÌ * ñdrH¥${V nÌ * ñdrH¥${V nÌ

Cn _w»` {Z §ÌH$m| Ho$ Xmo AñWm`r nXm| H$mo ñWm`r ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE _§Ìmb` goñdrH¥${V oOZo Ho$ {bE ñdrH¥${V nÌ Ho$ àmê$n H$m Z_yZm :

g§.

^maV gaH$ma

dm{UÁ` _§Ìmb`

CÚmoJ dZ, ZB© {Xëbr

{X. - 15 OyZ, 2014

godm _|,

_w»` {Z §ÌH$, Am`mV-{Z`m©V

ZB© {Xëbr

{df` : Cn _w»` {Z §ÌH$m| Ho$ nXm| H$mo ñWm`r ~ZmZm

_hmoX`,

AmnH$s nÌ g§»`m 188 {XZm§H$ 20 _mM© 2014 Ho$ g§~§Y _| _wPo `h H$hZo H$m{ZX©oe hþAm h¡ {H$ amï´>n{V Zo _w»` {Z §ÌH$, Am`mV-{Z`m©V H$m`m©b` _| Cn _w»` {Z §ÌH$m| H$moñWm`r ~Zm XoZo H$s ñdrH¥${V 10 _B©, 2014H$mo àXmZ H$s h¡ Ÿ&

Bg ñdrH¥${V Ho$ {bE _§Ìmb` Zo ^r AnZr gh_{V àXmZ H$a Xr h¡ Ÿ&

^dXr`

h.....

(_mohZH¥$îU CnmÜ`m`)

Ada g{Md, ^maV gaH$ma

g§. ZB© {Xëbr, {XZm§H$ 15 OyZ, 2014 {Z §ÌH$ d _hmboIm narjH$, ZB© {Xëbr H$mogyMZm Ho$ {bE à{V Ÿ&

13

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* n¥ð>m§H$Z * n¥ð>m§H$Z * n¥ð>m§H$Z * n¥ð>m§H$Z * n¥ð>m§H$Z

J¥h _§Ìmb` Ho$ H$m`m©b` kmnZ g§. \$m. 05/78/89 {XZm§H$ 21 OwbmB© 2014

VWm {d{Y Ed§ Ý`m` _§Ìmb` Ho$ H$m`m©b` kmnZ g§. 3/72/14 Ý`m` {XZm§H$ 15 OyZ H$s EH$-EH$à{V g^r A{YH$m[a`m|, AZw mJm| Am{X H$mo oOZo Ho$ {bE n¥ð>m§H$Z Ho$ _gm¡Xo H$m Z_yZm :

g§. \$m. 3/70/90 à.

^maV gaH$ma

H¥${f Ed§ {g§MmB© _§Ìmb`

(H¥${f {d^mJ)

H¥${f dZ, ZB© {Xëbr

{X. 12 OwbmB©, 2014

{ZåZ{b{IV H$mJO-nÌm| H$s EH$-EH$ à{V g^r A{YH$m[a`m|, AZw mJm|, EH$H$m§o H$sgyMZm d Amdí`H$ H$ma©dmB© Ho$ {bE oOr Om ahr h¡ Ÿ&

gb½ZH$ : h.........

H$mJO -nÌ (dmgwXod qgh)

Ada g{Md(àemgZ)

14

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* AY© gaH$mar nÌ * AY© gaH$mar nÌ * AY© gaH$mar nÌ * AY© gaH$mar nÌ * AY© gaH$mar nÌ

ajm _§Ìmb` go Ano{jV gyMZmE± _§JdmZo Ho$ {bE H$B© nÌ oOo Om MwHo$ h¢ na§VwA^r VH$ H$moB© gyMZm àmá Zht hþB© h¡ Ÿ& Bg {gb{gbo _| AY©-gaH$mar AZwñ_maH$ Ho$ àmê$n H$mZ_yZm :

{dídoga {_lm n.g§. ...

Ada g{Md ^maV gaH$ma

n[adhZ _§Ìmb`,

ZB© {Xëbr, 10 AJñV, 2014

{à` lr wº$ O¡Z,

Bg H$m`m©b` Ho$ g§_g§»`H$ nÌ {X. 14 2014, OyZ, 22 OwbmB©, 2014 Am¡a 03AJñV, 2014 H$mo AmnHo$ H$m`m©b` go Hw$N> Amdí`H$ gyMZmE± _m§Jr JB© Wt na§Vw IoX h¡ {H$ A^rVH$ `o àmá Zht hþB© h¢ Ÿ&

AV: Amngo AZwamoY h¡ {H$ Amn Bg _m_bo _| ì`{º$JV é{M boH$a Ano{jV gyMZmE±erK« {^OdmZo H$s H¥$nm H$a| Ÿ&

YÝ`dmX Ÿ&

AmnH$m

{dídoga {_lm

Ada g{Md

lr_hmdra O¡Z

Ada g{Md

ajm _§Ìmb`, ZB© {Xëbr Ÿ&

15

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* H$m`m©b` AmXoe : * H$m`m©b` AmXoe : * H$m`m©b` AmXoe : * H$m`m©b` AmXoe : * H$m`m©b` AmXoe :

EH$ _§Ìmb` Ho$ Xmo ghm`H$ g{Mdmb` à{ejU VWm à~§Y g§ñWmZ, ZB© {Xëbr goà{ejU àmá H$a AmE h¢ Ÿ& CÝh| {d{^Þ AZw^mJm| _| V¡ZmV Ho$ {bE H$m`m©b` AmXoe Ho$ _gm¡Xo H$mZ_yZm :

g§. \$m. 4/8/19 à.

^maV gaH$ma

H¥${f Ed§ {g§MmB© _§Ìmb`

{g§MmB© {d^mJ

H¥${f dZ, ZB© {Xëbr

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H$m`m©b`AmXoe g§. 31/14

Bg _§Ìmb` Ho$ ghm`H$ lr_mZ gÝVmof Hw$_ma Am¡a gamoO Hw$_ma g{Mdmb` à{ejUAm¡a à~§Y g§ñWmZ, ZB© {Xëbr _| à{ejU àmá H$a bm¡Q> AmE h¢ Ÿ& CÝh| H«$_e: Cd©aH$ AZw^mJAm¡a boIm AZw^mJ _| V¡ZmV {H$`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

h.............

(_hoÝÐ nme[aAm)

Ada g{Md (àemgZ)

à{V:

1) g§Vmof Hw$_ma Am¡a gamoO Hw$_ma

2) g§~§{YV AZw mJ

3) amoH$‹S> AZw mJ

4) H$m`m©b` AmXoe {_{gb

16

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* H$m`m©b` kmnZ :* H$m`m©b` kmnZ :* H$m`m©b` kmnZ :* H$m`m©b` kmnZ :* H$m`m©b` kmnZ :

EH$ H$m`m©b` Ho$ EH$ ghm`H$ Zo E_.ES> H$s n‹T>mB© VWm narjm XoZo H$s AZw_{V_m§Jr h¡ Ÿ& o H$jmE± em_ H$mo hmoVr h¢ Ÿ& AZw_{V Xr OmZo Ho$ g§~§Y _| H$m`m©b` kmnZ Ho$ _gm¡Xo H$mZ_yZm :

g§.

^maV gaH$ma

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({ejm {d^mJ)

emór dZ, ZB© {Xëbr

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H$m`m©b` kmnZ

Bg _§Ìmb` H$s ghm{`H$m lr_Vr gwZÝXm qgh H$mo CZHo$ AmdoXZ nÌ Vm. 20 OyZ,2014 Ho$ g§~§Y _| gy{MV {H$`m OmVm h¡ {H$ {Xëbr {díd{dÚmb` H$s gm§Ü`H$mbrZ H$jmAm| _|E_.ES>. àdoe boZo d narjm XoZo H$s AZw_{V {ZåZ{b{IV eVm] na Xr OmVr h¡§ :

1) Bggo H$m`m©b` -H$V©ì`m| _| ~mYm Zht hmoZr Mm{hE Ÿ&

2) CÝh| H$m`m©b` g_` _| OmZo H$s AZw_{V Zht {_boJr Ÿ&

3) narjm Ho$ {bE Nw>Å>r H$m © H$s pñW{V XoIH$a Xr OmEJr Ÿ&

`h AZw_{V {~Zm H$maU ~VmE Am¡a {~Zm g_` {XE gmd©O{ZH$ {hV _| {H$gr r g_`dmng br Om gH$Vr h¡ Ÿ&

h........

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Ada g{Md (àemgZ)

à{V :

lr_Vr gwZÝXm qgh

ghm{`H$m, gm_mÝ` AZw mJ

2. gm_mÝ` AZw mJ Ÿ&

17

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* A{YgyMZm * A{YgyMZm * A{YgyMZm * A{YgyMZm * A{YgyMZm

EH$ _§Ìmb` go EH$ Cng{Md H$m ñWmZmÝVaU {H$gr Xygao _§Ìmb` _| hmo J`m h¡ Ÿ&CZHo$ ñWmZ na EH$ Ada g{Md H$mo ñWmZmnÞ ê$n _| nXmoÞV {H$`m Om ahm h¡ Ÿ& h VrZ _hrZo Ho${bE h¡ Ÿ& Bg g§~§Y _| Omar H$s OmZo dmbr A{YgyMZm Ho$ àmê$n H$m Z_yZm :

(^maV Ho$ amOnÌ Ho$ ^mJ -1 I§S> 2 _| àH$meZ hoVw)

^maV gaH$ma

gyMZm Am¡a àgmaU _§Ìmb`

emór dZ, ZB© {Xëbr

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A{YgyMZm

Bg {d^mJ Ho$ ñWm`r Ada g{Md lr AéU Hw$_ma H$mo {X. 7 AJñV, 2014 goAJbo AmXoe VH$ ñWmZmnÞ ê$n go Cng{Md nX na {Z wº$ {H$`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& h {Z w{º$ {\$bhmblr {d_b {_Ì Ho$ {dÎm _§Ìmb` _| ñWmZmÝVaU hmo OmZo Ho$ H$maU Imbr hþE ñWmZ na H$s JB© h¡ Ÿ&

lr Aê$U Hw$_ma Zo {XZm§H$ 7 AJñV, 2014(nydm©h²Z) go Ada g{Md nX H$m H$m © maN>mo‹S>H$a Cgr {XZ nydm©Ýh go Cn g{Md nX H$mo H$m © ^ma g§ mb {b`m h¡ Ÿ&

h............

(Jmonmb aÛmO)

(Ada g{Md, ^maV gaH$ma Ÿ&

18

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godm _|,

à~§YH$

^maV gaH$ma àog, Jm{O`mdmX

g§. \$m. 14/32/14

gyMZm Ho$ {bE à{V :

1) boIm A{YH$mar, gyMZm d àgmaU _§Ìmb`, ZB© {Xëbr

2) lrAê$U Hw$_ma, Cng{Md Ÿ&

3) gm_mÝ` AZw mJ

4) 6 A{V[aº$ à{V`m±

h........

Ada g{Md, ^maV gaH$ma

* g§H$ën * g§H$ën * g§H$ën * g§H$ën * g§H$ën

Jar~ ZmJ[aH$m| H$mo Wmo‹S>o ì`` na H$mZyZr ghm`Vm XoZo Ho$ {bE ^maV gaH$ma{dMma H$a ahr h¡ Ÿ& Bg g§~§Y _| JhamB© go {dMma H$aZo Ho$ {bE gaH$ma EH$ Am`moJ JR>Z H$aZmMmhVr h¡ Ÿ& Am`moJ Ho$ AÜ`j, gXñ` g{Md Ho$ Abmdm VrZ AÝ` gXñ` ^r hm|Jo Ÿ& Bg g§~§Y_| ^maV gaH$ma Ho$ amOnÌ _| àH$meZ hoVw g§H$ën Ho$ àmê$n H$m Z_yZm Ÿ&

(^maV Ho$ amOnÌ Ho$ ^mJ 1, I§S> 3 _|$ àH$meZ hoVw)

^maV gaH$ma

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(Ý`m` {d^mJ)

emór dZ, ZB© {Xëbr

{XZm§H$ 12 OwbmB©, 2014

g§.....

Jar~ ZmJ[aH$m| H$mo H$_ IM© na H$mZyZr ghm`Vm XoZo Ho$ g§~§Y _| ^maV gaH$ma H$m\$s

19

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g_` go {dMma H$a ahr h¡ Ÿ& A{YH$ JhamB© go {dMma H$aZo Ho$ {bE lr gwHw$_ma goZ H$s AÜ`jVmgo EH$ Am`moJ JR>Z {ZåZ àH$ma go h¡ :

1) lr gwHw$_ma goZ AÜ`j

2) àË oH$ amÁ` gaH$ma H$s à{V{Z{Y

Amo{‹S>em, AmÝY«, Ag_, CÎma àXoeŸ gXñ`

4) lr lrH$m§V OoZm

g§gX gXñ` gXñ`

4) lr gË`Zmam`U, g§ wº$ g{Md

{d{Y d Ý`m` _§Ìmb` gXñ`

5) lr Hw$_ma dëb^ ñdm_r

Ý`m`mYre gXñ`

{Xëbr Cƒ Ý`m`b`

Bg AÜ``Z Xb Ho$ {dMmamW© {df` {ZåZ àH$ma hm|Jo :

1) {H$g Am`-dJ© H$mo ghm`Vm {_bo Ÿ&

2) {H$g àH$ma H$s ghm`Vm Xr OmE Ÿ&

3) {H$g àH$ma Ho$ _wH$X_m| _| ghm`Vm H$s OmE Ÿ&

4) AÝ` g§~§{YV {df` Ÿ&

`h Am`moJ AnZr [anmoQ>© JR>Z H$s VmarI go EH$ gmb H$s Ad{Y Ho$ AÝXa gaH$ma H$monoe H$aoJm Ÿ&

AmXoe : 1) AmXoe {X`m OmVm h¡ {H$ Bg g§H$ën H$mo ^maV Ho$ amOnÌ _| àH$m{eV {H$`m OmE Ÿ&

2) Bg g§H$ën H$s EH$ -EH$ à{V Am`moJ Ho$ g^r gXñ`m|, g^r amÁ` {d^mJm|, g^r g§KamÁ` àemgZm|, g^r _§Ìmb`m| , àYmZ_§Ìr _§Ìmb`, `mooOZm Am`moJ, {Z §ÌH$ VWm _hmboIm narjH$ H$mo oO Xr OmE Ÿ&

h.........

(gw_Z _ëhmoÌm)

g§ wº$ g{Md, ^maV gaH$ma

20

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godm _|,

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ZB© {Xëbr,

{XZm§H$ .....

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à{V gyMZmW© :

g^r _§Ìmb`/{d^mJ/g^r amÁ` gaH$ma|/àYmZ_§Ìr H$m`m©b`, {Z §ÌH$Am¡a _hmboIm narjH$ Ÿ&

h......

(gm¡ m½` Hw$_ma)

Ada g{Md, ^maV gaH$ma

* àog {dk{á* àog {dk{á* àog {dk{á* àog {dk{á* àog {dk{á

Amo{‹S>em gaH$ma Zo amÁ` g_mO ~moS>© ñWm{nV H$aZo Ho$ {bE {dYmZ g^m _|àñVmd aIm h¡ Ÿ& h ~moS>© d¥Õ, {dYdm Am¡a Xw~©b _{hbmAm| Ho$ nwZdm©g Am¡a A{YH$mam| go g§~§ÕhmoJm Ÿ& Bg_| EH$ AÜ`j Am¡a Xmo gXñ` hm|Jo Am¡a àË oH$ {Obm go EH$-EH$ à{V{Z{Y hmoJm Ÿ&amÁ` gaH$ma Ho$ Bg {ZU© Ho$ g§~§Y _| Omar H$s OmZo dmbr àog {dk{á Ho$ àmê$n H$m Z_yZm :

15 AJñV, 2014 go nhbo àH$m{eV `m àgm[aV Z {H$`m OmE )

àog {dk{á

amÁ` g_mO godm ~moS>©

1. Amo{‹S>em gaH$ma Zo {dYmZ g^m _| EH$ {dYo H$ noe H$aZo H$m àñVmd aIm h¡ {H$ EH$g_mO godm ~moS>© H$s ñWmnZm H$s OmE Ÿ& `h ~moS>© d¥Õ, {dYdm, Xw~©b _{hbmAm| Ho$ nwZdm©g gog§~§Y hmoJm Am¡a Bg_| CZHo$ A{YH$mam| H$m ^r Ü`mZ aI OmEJm Ÿ& ~moS>© H$m EH$ AÜ`j Am¡a Xmo

21

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gXñ` hm|Jo {OÝh| amÁ` gaH$ma _ZmoZrV H$aoJr Ÿ& àË oH$ {Obo go EH$-EH$ à{V{Z{Y hmoJm Ÿ& amÁ`gaH$ma Zo Xg bmI é. H$m AZwXmZ ~moS>© Ho$ H$m © Ho$ {bE {X`m h¡ Ÿ& Oê$aV n‹S>Zo na AZwXmZ H$sam{e ~‹T>m Xr OmEJr Ÿ&

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O`e§H$a àgmX

g§ wº$ g{Md, Amo{‹S>em gaH$ma

_§{Ì_§S>b g{Mdmb`

^wdZoída, {X. 2.8.14

1.2 {Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :

1.2.1 AW© :AW© :AW© :AW© :AW© :

O~ {H$gr H$mJO-nÌ H$mo {ZnQ>mZo Ho$ {bE ghm`H$ m {b{nH$ _m_bo H$mo Cggo g§~§{YV{nN>bo _m_bm| Ho$ gma, {ZU© mYrZ àíZm| H$m {ddaU m {díbofU H$m ©dmhr go gwPmd XoVm h¡ VWmg§~§{YV AmXoe H$mo \$mBb _| {bIH$a A{YH$ma Ho$ g_j àñVwV H$aVm h¡ Vmo CgHo$ Ûmam {bIr JB©~mVm| `m _§Vì`m| H$mo "{Q>ßnU' H$hm OmVm h¡ Am¡a Bg à{H«$`m H$mo "{Q>ßnUr' H$hm OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

1.2.2 ñdê$n :ñdê$n :ñdê$n :ñdê$n :ñdê$n :

"{Q>ßnU' A§J«oOr eãX "NOTING' H$m qhXr ê$nmÝVa h¡ Ÿ& BgH$m AW© h¡ "_§Vì`'XoZm Ÿ& BgH$m à`moJ Amd{V`m| H$mo {ZnQ>mZo Ho$ CÔoí` go hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& gaH$mar Am¡a J¡a-gaH$mar XâVam|_| nÌm| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go Omo {d{^Þ àñVmd AmVo h¢, CÝh| {ZnQ>mZo Ho$ {bE {b{IV H$m ©dmhr H$s OmVrh¡ Ÿ& g^r àH$ma H$s {Q>ßn{U`m± g§~§{YV H$_©Mmar m A{YH$m[a`m| Ûmam {dMmamYrZ _m_bo H$s \$mBbna {bIr OmVr h§¡ Ÿ& Bg_| àmá nÌm| H$m gmam§e, g§X{ ©V _m_bm| H$m gmam§e, {ZU© mYrZ àíZm| H$m{ddaU VWm H$m ©dmhr go g§~§{YV gwPmd Am{X {bIo OmVo h¢ Ÿ& gm_mÝ` loUr H$s {Q>ßnUr d[að>{b{nH$ `m ghm`H$ ñVa go Ama§ hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& {Q>ßnUr EH$ A{YH$mar go hmoVr hþB© gj_

22

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A{YH$mar VH$ nh±þMVr h¡ Ÿ& A{YH$ JmonZr` m AË §ÝV _hËdnyU© Am¡a Ý`m`mb` g§~§{YV {Q>ßn{U`m±AZw mJ A{YH$mar AWdm Ada g{Md Ho$ ñVa go àma§ hmoVr h§¡ Ÿ& Bg à{H«$`m _| {Q>ßnUr Ho$_mÜ`_ go A§{V_ {ZU© g§~§{YV A{YH$mar boVo h¢ Ÿ& Cgr {ZU© Ho$ AZwgma _gm¡Xm V¡ ma H$aHo$AZw_moXZ (APPROVAL) Ho$ {bE àñVwV {H$`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& nÌmMma Ho$ {bE XâVam| _| BgH$m{deof _hËd h¡ Ÿ&

1.2.3 {Q>ßnU H$s à{H«$`m :{Q>ßnU H$s à{H«$`m :{Q>ßnU H$s à{H«$`m :{Q>ßnU H$s à{H«$`m :{Q>ßnU H$s à{H«$`m :

{Q>ßnU H$s à{H«$`m {ZåZ{b{IV ~mVm| na {Z ©a h¡ :

1) nyd©dVu nÌ AWdm nÌm| H$m gmam§e Ÿ&

2) {df`-dñVw H$m {ddaU Am¡a {díbofU

3) H$m ©dmhr Ho$ {bE Amdí`H$ gwPmd

4) {ZU©

1.2.4 {Q>ßnUr boIZ Ho$ {gÕm§V :Q>ßnUr boIZ Ho$ {gÕm§V :Q>ßnUr boIZ Ho$ {gÕm§V :Q>ßnUr boIZ Ho$ {gÕm§V :Q>ßnUr boIZ Ho$ {gÕm§V :

{_{gb Ho$ Xmo ^mJ h¢ - {Q>ßnUr ^mJ Am¡a nÌmMma ^mJ Ÿ& {Q>ßnUr ^mJ _| {dMmamYrZH$mJO-nÌm| Ho$ g§~§Y _| {Q>ßn{U`m± {bIr OmVr h¢ O~ {H$ nÌmMma ^mJ _| Amd{V`m| VWm CZgog§~§{YV nÌ-ì`dhma m {ZJ©_ H$s H$m`m©b` à{V{b{n`m± aIr OmVr h¢ Ÿ& Bgr {dMmamYrZ nÌ H$mogw{dYmnyd©H$ {ZnQ>mZo Ho$ {bE am` `m gwPmd {X`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& BgH$m _w»` CÔoí` _m_bm| H$mo`WmerK« {ZnQ>mZm hr h¡ Ÿ&

A{YH$mar ñVa H$s {Q>ßnUr _| S>mHo$qQ>J Zht hmoVr naÝVw ghm`H$ ñVa H$s {Q>ßnUr _|S>mHo$qQ>J H$s OmVr h¡ Ÿ& EH$ AÝ` àH$ma H$s {Q>ßnUr ^r hmoVr h¡ Omo àm`: Cƒm{YH$m[a`m| ÛmamAmdVr m {_{gb Ho$ hm{eE _| AZwXoe Am{X XoZo Ho$ {bE {bIr OmVr h¡ Ÿ& Bgo "hm{e`m {Q>ßnUr'^r H$hm OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

Hw$N> Amd{V`m± Ho$db AdbmoH$Z Ho$ {bE AmVr h¢ Ÿ& CZ na O~ VH$ A{YH$mar H$mAmXoe `m {ZXoe Zht {_bVm Am¡a CZ na H$moB© ^r H$ma©dmB© Zht H$aZr hmoVr h¡ V~ VH$ {Q>ßnUr{bIZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm Zht n‹S>Vr Ÿ& {OZ Amd{V`m| na {Q>ßnUr {bIZr hmoVr h¡ CZ_| H$B© ~ma_m_bo go g§~§{YV A{^boIm|, {_{gbm|, {Z`_m|, AmXoem| VWm Xygao H$mJO-nÌm| H$m hdmbm XoZmn‹S>Vm h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$ A{V[aº$ Bg_| {nN>br H$ma©dmB© H$m gma, AmdVr _| {Z{hV àñVmd Am{X H$sì`dñWm, H$ma©dmB© Ho$ g§~§Ym| _| gwPmd VWm CZ_| {XE JE AmXoe Am{X gpå_{bV hmoVo h¢ Ÿ& Bg_|

23

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ñWm`r {ZXoe {_{gb ^r Ÿ& ({Og_| g_`-g_` na Omar {H$E JE AmXoe, A{YgyMZmE± Am¡aH$m`m©b` kmnZ ^r gmW aIo OmVo h¢ Ÿ& ) aIr OmVr h¡ Ÿ&

{Q>ßnUr {bIZo Ho$ ~mX ghm`H$ Cg {_{gb H$mo AZw mJ A{YH$mar Ho$ nmg oOVm h¡Am¡a AZw mJ A{YH$mar Cg na XmBª Amoa hñVmja H$a Cƒm{YH$mar Ho$ nmg AZw_moXZ hoVw oOXoVm h¡ Ÿ&

`{X _m_bm ~hþV hr g§doXZerb m Ý`m`mb` Ho$ {ZU© g§~§Yr h¡ Vmo {Q>ßnUr na AnZo_§Vì` Ho$ gmW g{Md \$mBb H$mo g§~§{YV _§Ìr, _w»`_§Ìr m àYmZr _§Ìr H$mo oO XoVo h¢ Am¡a A{V_hËdnyU© _m_bm| H$m A§{V_ {ZnQ>mZ hmo OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

1.2.5 {Q>ßnUr Ho$ àH$ma :{Q>ßnUr Ho$ àH$ma :{Q>ßnUr Ho$ àH$ma :{Q>ßnUr Ho$ àH$ma :{Q>ßnUr Ho$ àH$ma :

{Q>ßnUr _w»`V: {ZåZ àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¡ :

1..... Zo_r {Q>ßnUr : Zo_r {Q>ßnUr : Zo_r {Q>ßnUr : Zo_r {Q>ßnUr : Zo_r {Q>ßnUr : Bgo àm_m{UH$ {Q>ßnUr r H$hm OmVm h¡ Ÿ& h H$m`m©b`r H$m_H$mOHo$ EH$ amoO_am© Ho$ {hñgo Ho$ ê$n _| ì`dhma H$s OmVr h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| àm`: {Q>ßnUr Zht {bIr OmVr h¡ Ÿ&BgH$m CÔoí` `h h¡ {H$ A{YH$m[a`m| Ho$ ñnï> AmXoe `m Vmo nhbo {_bo hmoVo h¢ `m {OZ na H$ma©dmB©nyd© {ZpíMV-gr hmoVr h¡ m nhbo H$s JB© H$ma©dmB© Ho$ AZwgma CZ na H$ma©dmB© H$aZr hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& {XEogr H$moB© {Q>ßnUr {bIr ^r OmE Vmo AZw mJ A{YH$mar Cgo AnZo ñVa na {ZnQ>m XoVm h¡ Ÿ&

2. . . . . gm_mÝ` {Q>ßnUr :gm_mÝ` {Q>ßnUr :gm_mÝ` {Q>ßnUr :gm_mÝ` {Q>ßnUr :gm_mÝ` {Q>ßnUr : H$m`m©b` _| Omo nÌ àW_ ~ma àmá hmoVo h¢, CZH$mo {ZnQ>mZoHo$ {bE {Og {Q>ßnUr H$m à`moJ hmoVm h¡, Cgo "gm_mÝ` {Q>ßnUr' H$hm OmVm h¡ Ÿ& h {Q>ßnUr AÝ`{Q>ßnUr H$s Anojm g§X © `m àg§J Ho$ ñVa na AbJ hmoVr h¡ Ÿ&

3. ñdV: nyU© {Q>ßnUr : ñdV: nyU© {Q>ßnUr : ñdV: nyU© {Q>ßnUr : ñdV: nyU© {Q>ßnUr : ñdV: nyU© {Q>ßnUr : ñdV: nyU© {Q>ßnUr {H$gr ^r {d^mJ AZw^mJ `mH$m`m©b`r Amdí`H$Vm Ho$ \$bñdê$n {bIr OmVr h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| {bIr JB© gyMZm ñdV: nyU© hmoVrh¡ Ÿ& BgH$m {H$gr AÝ` nÌ `m nyd© àg§J Ho$ gmW g§~§Y Zht hmoVm Ÿ& `h ghm`H$ VWm A{YH$marXmoZm| ñVam| na {bIr OmVr h¡ Ÿ&

4. g§nyU© {Q>ßnUr :g§nyU© {Q>ßnUr :g§nyU© {Q>ßnUr :g§nyU© {Q>ßnUr :g§nyU© {Q>ßnUr : {OZ {Q>ßnUm| _| _m_bo nyU©Vm CZHo$ àg§J, nyao B{Vd¥Îm VWmVH©$-{dVH©$ Ho$ gmW h¡, Cgo g§nyU© {Q>ßnUr H$hVo h¢ Ÿ& BgH$m g§~§Y nyd©dVu àg§J, g§X^© Am¡a nyd©{ZU© Ho$ gmW ahVm h¡ Ÿ& Eogm {Q>ßnU _m_bo H$m AÜ``Z, {díbofU Am¡a {ZU© àñVwV H$aVm h¡ Ÿ&

5. AZm¡nMm[aH$ {Q>ßnUr : AZm¡nMm[aH$ {Q>ßnUr : AZm¡nMm[aH$ {Q>ßnUr : AZm¡nMm[aH$ {Q>ßnUr : AZm¡nMm[aH$ {Q>ßnUr : {H$gr EH$ H$m`m©b` go AÝ` EH$ H$m`m©b`AWdm EH$ _§Ìmb` go Xygao _§Ìmb` H$mo Hw$N> H$m`m©b`rZ OmZH$mar XoZo Ho$ {bE AZm¡nMm[aH${Q>ßnUr {bIr OmVr h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| H$m`m©b`rZ {Z`_m| H$mo nmbZ H$aZo H$s Oê$aV Zht hmoVr Ÿ& Eogo{Q>ßnU grYo EH$ H$m`m©b` go Xygao H$m`m©b` _| oOo OmVo h¢ Ÿ&

24

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1.2.6 {Q>ßnUr {bIZo _| _hËdnyU© ~mV| :{Q>ßnUr {bIZo _| _hËdnyU© ~mV| :{Q>ßnUr {bIZo _| _hËdnyU© ~mV| :{Q>ßnUr {bIZo _| _hËdnyU© ~mV| :{Q>ßnUr {bIZo _| _hËdnyU© ~mV| :

i) {Q>ßnUr ñdV: nyU© Am¡a ñVV: ñnï> hmoZr Mm{hE Ÿ& h g§{já, {df`-g§JV Am¡aH«$_~Õ hmoZr Mm{hE Ÿ& BgHo$ A{V[aº$ dmñV{dH$ _wÔm| na A{YH$ ~b XoZmMm{hE Ÿ&

ii) O~ {H$gr {dMmamYrZ AmdVr _| ~hþV go _wÔo CR>mE JE hm| Am¡a àË oH$ _wÔo H$s{dñVma go Om§M H$aZr hmo VWm CgHo$ g§~§Y _| AmXoe {bE OmZo Amdí`H$ hm| VmoAZw mJ {Q>ßnUr {bIr OmEJr Ÿ&

iii) `{X {H$gr H$mo Eogr {_{gb na {Q>ßnUr {bIZr hmo {Og_| VÏ`m| H$m H«${_H$ gma_m¡OyX hmo Vmo _m_bo Ho$ VÏ`m| H$s Amoa Ü`mZ XoH$a Cg_| gma Ho$db Cn wº$ A§eH$mo XmohamZm Zht Mm{hE Ÿ&

iv) `{X {H$gr H$s AmbmoMZm H$aZr hmo Vmo {dMma {eï> Am¡a g§Vw{bV hmo Am¡a Cg_|{H$gr àH$ma Ho$ ì`{º$JV Amjon Z hm| Ÿ&

v) {OZ nÌ m nyd© {Q>ßnUr A§em| m nyd© AmXoem| H$m hdmbm XoZm hmo Vmo CÝh| {Q>ßnUrHo$ _yb A§e _| Z {bIH$a hm{eE _| {bIZm Mm{hE Ÿ&

vi) {Q>ßnUr {bIZo Ho$ ~mX {b{nH$ `m ghm`H$ H$mo ZrMo ~mBª Amoa AnZm hñVmjaH$aZm Mm{hE Ÿ& XmBª Amoa H$m ñWmZ Cƒm{YH$m[a`m| Ho$ hñVmja Ho$ {bE N>mo‹S> XoZmMm{hE Ÿ&

vii) H$moB© ^r {Q>ßnU _yb-nÌ na Z {bIH$a AÝ` H$mJO `m ~\$-erQ> na {bIZmMm{hE Ÿ&

viii) {Q>ßnUrH$ma {Q>ßnUr {bIVo g_` AnZo AmnH$mo g^r nydm©J«hm| go _wº$ aIH$a_m_bo H$m {díbofU Am¡a g_mYmZ H$ao Ÿ&

ix) {Q>ßnUr _| gm{hpË`H$ mfm, Ab§H$mam|, _whmdam|, bmoH$mo{º$`m| H$m à`moJ Zht{H$`m OmZm Mm{hE Ÿ& mfm gab Am¡a ~moYJå` hmo Ÿ&

x) `{X Amdí`H$ hmo Vmo {Q>ßnUr _| AZwÀN>oX H$a gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a CÝh| H«$_-g§»`mXoH$a {bIZo go {Q>ßnUr A{YH$ ñnï> hmoVr h¡ Ÿ&

25

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1.2.7 CXmhaU : CXmhaU : CXmhaU : CXmhaU : CXmhaU :

i) ghm`H$ ñVa na {Q>ßnUr

AmnHo$ H$m`m©b` Ho$ EH$ H$_©Mmar gm_mÝ` {dî` {Z{Y go 10,000 énE A{J«_{ZH$bdmZm MmhVo h¢ Ÿ& Bg g§~§Y _| ñdrH¥${V hoVw gwPmd XoZo Ho$ {bE {Q>ßnUr H$m Z_yZm :

H«$_ g§»`m 32/(AmdVr) n¥ð> 28-29 nÌmMma

lr_mohZ Hw$_ma {_l {b{nH$ Zo gm_mÝ` ^{dî` {Z{Y go 10.000 énE A{J«_ Ho$ ê$n _|{ZH$mbZo Ho$ {bE AmdoXZ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& lr_mohZ Hw$_ma Zo h am{e AnZo {ddmh Ho$ {bE _m§Jr h¡ Omo18 AŠQy>~a, 2014 H$mo hmoZm {ZpíMV hþAm h¡ Ÿ& lr {_l Ho$ ImVo _| Bg g_` 50.000 énE O_mh¢ Ÿ& CgZo Bg am{e H$m wJVmZ à{V _mh 1000/-énE Ho$ {hgm~ go Xg {H$ñVm| _| aZo H$s ñdrH¥${VXr h¡ Ÿ&

AmXoe Ho$ {bE Ÿ

_mo. bm.

28.8.2014

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àmá nÌ-g§»`m 19, n¥ð>m§H$ -24

{Q>ßnU : `h nÌ Amo{‹S>em amÁ` Ho$ ^wdZoída Ho$ `y{ZQ -> vI Z§~a Cƒ{dÚmb` Ho$ àYmZmÜ`mnH$ Zo oOm h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| àmW©Zm H$s JB© h¡ {H$ Cº$ {dÚmb` Ho$ 100

N>mÌm| Am¡a 05 AÜ`mnH$m| Ho$ {bE {dYmZ g^m _| hmoZo dmbo CndoeZ _| CnpñWV hmoZo Ho$ {bE Amdí`H$ àdoe-nÌ H$s ì`dñWm H$s OmE Ÿ& àdoe nÌm| _| àË oH$ H$m Zm_, nVm Am{X ahoJm Ÿ& gmW hr 25-25 Ho$ Zm_ na Hw$b Mma àdoe-nÌ ~Zm {XE OmE± {Oggo H$m © _| A{YH$ gw{dYm hmoJr Ÿ&

AmXoemW© {Zdo{XV

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25.08.14

26

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Ada g{Md : _¢Zo AmboI _| Hw$N> n[adV©Z H$a {XE h¢ Ÿ& Q>§{H$V AmboI ào{fV H$a| Ÿ&

e§H$a d_m©

05.9.14

3..... EH$ H$m`m©b` Ho$ EH$ H$_©Mmar Ho$ {déÕ H$m`m©b` AZwemgZ H$m nmbZ Z H$aZo H$s {eH$m`V|{_br h¢ Ÿ& Bg g§~§Y _| CZgo ñnï>rH$aU _m§JZo Ho$ {bE ñdV: nyU© {Q>ßnUr H$m Z_yZm Ÿ&

H«$_g§»`m -86(Am.) n¥.-34/n.

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Bg{bE h ñnï> à_m{UV hmoVm h¡ {H$ lrJmoÀN>m`V OmZ~yPH$a H$m`m©b` _| AZwnpñWVahVo h¢ Omo H$m`m©b` AZwemgZ Ho$ {déÕ h¡ Ÿ& Bg{bE H$moB© H$ma©dmB© H$aZo go nhbo Cggo ñnï>rH$aU_m§Jm OmE Vm{H$ gË` H$m nVm Mbo Ÿ&

H$m`m©b` kmnZ H$m _gm¡Xm AZw_moXZ Ho$ {bE àñVwV h¡ Ÿ&

Jmonmb _hmnmÌ

23.09.14

4. Cƒ {ejm {d^mJ Ho$ d[að> {b{nH$ lrgwaoÝÐZmW em_b H$s A{O©V AdH$me Ho$ g§~§Y _| -

Cƒ {ejm g{Md H$mo g§~§{YV ......

.... H«$_ -g§»`m, {Xëbr

nÌ -g§»`m ---- {XZm§H$ ----

{ejm {d^mJ Ho$ d[að> {b{nH$ lrgwaoÝÐZmW gm_b Zo {XZm§H$ . nÌ-g§»`m ....30 {XZm|Ho$ A{O©V AdH$me Ho$ {bE àmW©Zm nÌ {X`m h¡ Ÿ&

lr gm_b Zo BgHo$ {bE AnZr H$Ý`m Ho$ {ddmh H$m H$maU {X`m h¡ Ÿ& {ddmh H$s {V{W..... h¡ Ÿ&

lr gm_b Ho$ ImVo _| 120 {XZm| H$m A{O©V AdH$me O_m h¡ Ÿ&

AV: {Z_`mZwgma lr gm_b H$mo 30 {XZm| H$m A{O©V AdH$me {XZm§H$ .... go {XZm§H$....VH$ {X`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ&

27

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{Q>ßnUrH$ Ho$ hñVmja

.................

{X. ...... g{Md/àYmZ g{Md

1.3 g§jonU :g§jonU :g§jonU :g§jonU :g§jonU :

1.3.1 AW© :AW© :AW© :AW© :AW© :

g§jonU H$m AW© hmoVm h¡ - g§{já `m N>moQ>m ê$n Ÿ& Bg g§jonU `m gma boIZ (Precis

writing ) H$m CÔoí` h¡ - {H$gr {dñV¥V {df` -dñVw H$mo g§{já ê$n _| `m H$_ go H$_ dmŠ`m| _|àñVwV H$aZm h¡ Ÿ& Bg {df`dñVw Ho$ _w»`m§em| Ho$ ^md H$mo boH$a Ag§~§{YV Am¡a AZmdí`H$ H$mohQ>mE Om gH$Vo h¢ {Oggo nyam mdmW© Am OmE Ÿ& _yb nmR> Am¡a gmam§e Ho$ AmH$ma H$m AZwnmV EH${VhmB© hmo Vmo dh AmXe© g§jonU H$hbmVm h¡ Ÿ&

AV: {H$gr {dñV¥V {ddaU, g{dñVma ì`m»`m, dº$ì`, nÌ-ì`dhma m boI Ho$ VÏ`m|d {ZX}em| Ho$ Eogo g§ moOZ H$mo g§jonU H$hVo h¢, {Og_| Aàmg§{JH$ Ag§~Y, nwZamd¥Îm, AZmdí`H$~mVm| H$m Ë`mJ Am¡a g^r A{Zdm ©, Cn`moJr VWm _yb VÏ`m| H$m àdmhnyU© g§{já g§H$bZ hmo Ÿ& hEH$ ñdV: nyU© aMZm h¡ Ÿ&

1.3.2 g§jonU H$s {deofVmE± :g§jonU H$s {deofVmE± :g§jonU H$s {deofVmE± :g§jonU H$s {deofVmE± :g§jonU H$s {deofVmE± :

1. . . . . g§{jáVm :g§{jáVm :g§{jáVm :g§{jáVm :g§{jáVm : g§{jáVm g§jonU H$s _w»` {deofVm h¡ Ÿ& `h gm_mÝ`V`m _yb H$mV¥Vr`m§e hmoZm Mm{hE Ÿ& Bg_| ì`W© {deofU, Ñï>mÝV, ì`m»`m, dU©Z Am¡a CXmhaU Zht hmoZmMm{hE Ÿ& bå~o-bå~o dmŠ`m| Am¡a eãXm| Ho$ ~Xbo _| gm_m{gH$ {MÝh à wº$ H$a CÝh| N>moQ>m H$a XoZmMm{hE Ÿ& `h AË §V Amdí`H$ h¡ _yb H$s H$moB© ^r Amdí`H$ ~mV Ny>Q> Z OmE Ÿ&

2..... nyU©Vm :nyU©Vm :nyU©Vm :nyU©Vm :nyU©Vm : g§jonU ñdV: nyU© hmoZm Mm{hE Ÿ& Amdí`H$ Am¡a AZmdí`H$ A§em| H$mMwZmd Iy~ gmoM -g_P H$a H$aZm Mm{hE Ÿ& Bg_| CVZr hr ~mV| {bIr OmE± Omo _yb AdVaU _|hm|, Z Vmo AnZr Amoa go H$ht ~‹T>mB© OmE `m Z KQ>mB© OmE Z _w»` ~mV H$_ H$s OmE Ÿ&

3 dmŠ`$-I§S>m| Ho$ {bE eãXm| H$m à`moJ :dmŠ`$-I§S>m| Ho$ {bE eãXm| H$m à`moJ :dmŠ`$-I§S>m| Ho$ {bE eãXm| H$m à`moJ :dmŠ`$-I§S>m| Ho$ {bE eãXm| H$m à`moJ :dmŠ`$-I§S>m| Ho$ {bE eãXm| H$m à`moJ : g§jonU _| _yb AdVaU Ho$dmŠ`-I§S>m| Ho${bE EH$-EH$ eãX H$m à`moJ hmoZm Mm{hE, Omo _yb Ho$ ^mdmoËH$f© _|

A{YH$ go A{YH$ ghm`H$ {gÕ hm| Ÿ& Ohm± _whmdam| m H$hmdVm| H$m à`moJ hþAm hmo , dhm± AWm] H$moH$_-go-H$_ eãXm| _| {bIZm Amdí`H$ h¡ Ÿ&

4 ^mfm-e¡br : ^mfm-e¡br : ^mfm-e¡br : ^mfm-e¡br : ^mfm-e¡br : g§jonU H$s e¡br Ab§H¥$V Zht hmoZr Mm{hE Ÿ& Bg{bE Cn_m,CËàojm `m AÝ` Ab§H$mam| H$m à`moJ AZw{MV h¡ Ÿ& BgH$s ^mfm-e¡br ñnï> d gab hm oZr

28

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Mm{hE Ÿ & h ì`mH$aU Ho$ {Z`_m| Ho$ AZwgma hmoZr Mm{hE Ÿ&

5. . . . . namoj-H$WZ :namoj-H$WZ :namoj-H$WZ :namoj-H$WZ :namoj-H$WZ : g§jonU _| namoj-H$WZ h_oem AÝ` nwéf _| hmoZm Mm{hE Ÿ&g§dmXm| Ho$ g§jonU _| BgH$m Cn`moJ AË §V Amdí`H$ h¡ Ÿ&

6. . . . . gabVm :gabVm :gabVm :gabVm :gabVm : g§jonU _| dmŠ` N>moQ>o, ^md gab Am¡a e¡br AmS>å~ahrZ hmoZr Mm{hE Ÿ&

7. . . . . àg§JmZwHy$b :àg§JmZwHy$b :àg§JmZwHy$b :àg§JmZwHy$b :àg§JmZwHy$b : g§jonU _| eãXm| Ho$ à`moJ _| g§ moJ go H$m_ boZm Mm{hE Ÿ&àmg§{JH$ _hËd Ho$ AZwgma eãXm| H$m à`moJ hmoZm Mm{hE Ÿ Omo mdì`§OZm Am¡a àg§Jm| Ho$ AZwHy$bgmW©H$ h¢ Ÿ&

8. . . . . nwZamd¥{Îm go Xya :nwZamd¥{Îm go Xya :nwZamd¥{Îm go Xya :nwZamd¥{Îm go Xya :nwZamd¥{Îm go Xya : g§jonU _| g_mZmWu eãXm| H$mo hQ>m XoZm Mm{hE Ÿ& EH$ hr^md m {dMma H$mo ~ma-~ma XwhamZo go nwZé{º$ Xmof hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& g§jonU H$s H$bm H$_ - go- H$_eãXm| _| {ZIaVr h¡ Ÿ&

9. . . . . Aä`mg d _Z`moJ :Aä`mg d _Z`moJ :Aä`mg d _Z`moJ :Aä`mg d _Z`moJ :Aä`mg d _Z`moJ : g§jonU _| gm{hpË`H$ M_ËH$ma Am¡a H$mì`mË_H$bm{bË` H$s Oê$aV Zht h¡ Ÿ& Omo {bIm OmE, dh gm\$ Am¡a ñnï> hmoZm Mm{hE Ÿ& AV: g§jonU Ho$boIH$ dñVwdmXr hmo, ^mdwH$ Zht Ÿ& `hm± Ho$db Aä`mg Am¡a _Z`moJ H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡ Ÿ&

10..... gwg§~ÕVm d H«$_~ÕVm : gwg§~ÕVm d H«$_~ÕVm : gwg§~ÕVm d H«$_~ÕVm : gwg§~ÕVm d H«$_~ÕVm : gwg§~ÕVm d H«$_~ÕVm : g§jonU _| ^mdm| Am¡a {dMmam| H$s gwg§~ÕVm Ed§H«$_~ÕVm ~Zr ahZr Mm{hE Ÿ&

11..... eãXm| H$s g§»`m : eãXm| H$s g§»`m : eãXm| H$s g§»`m : eãXm| H$s g§»`m : eãXm| H$s g§»`m : AÝV _| AdVaU _| à wº$ eãX VWm g§jonU _| à wº$eãXm| H$s g§»`m {bI XoZr Mm{hE Ÿ&

1.3.3 g§jonU Ho$ {Z`_$ :g§jonU Ho$ {Z`_$ :g§jonU Ho$ {Z`_$ :g§jonU Ho$ {Z`_$ :g§jonU Ho$ {Z`_$ :

1. g§jonU _| _yb g§X^© H$mo Ü`mZ go n‹T>| Ÿ& g§nyU© ^mdmW© Z g_PZo VH$ g§jonU {bIZm Ama§^ Z H$a| Ÿ&

2. Amdí`H$ eãXm|, dmŠ`m|, dmŠ`I§S>m| H$mo aoIm§{H$V H$a| Ÿ {OZH$m _yb {df` go grYm g§~§Y hmo AWdm {OZH$m ^mdm| `m {dMmam| Ho$ gmW {deof g§~§Y hm| Ÿ&

3. g§jonU _| AnZr Amoa go H$moB© Q>rH$m-{Q>ßnUr `m AmbmoMZm -àË`mbmoMZm Z hmo Ÿ& Ho$db _yb g§X © H$mo g§{já ê$n go {bI| Ÿ&

4. g§jonU H$s g§nyU© ê$naoIm V¡ ma H$aHo$ Cg_| Amdí`H$ g§emoYZ(Omo‹S>-KQ>md) H$a X| Ÿ& _yb g§X © H$s H«$_ì`dñWm _| Amdí`H$ n[adV©Z hmo gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& naÝVw {dMmam| H$m VmaVå` ahZm Mm{hE Ÿ&

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à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

5. g§jonU H$mo A§{V_ ê$n XoZo Ho$ nhbo Cgo EH$-Xmo ~ma AÀN>r Vah n‹T>Zm Mm{hE Vm{H$ H$moB© _w»` eãX m {dMma Ny>Q> Z OmE Ÿ& g§{já eãX g§»`m na Ü`mZ X| Ÿ& gm_mÝ`V`m g§jonU H$mo _yb g§X^© Ho$ EH$-{VhmB© (1/3) _| {bIZm Mm{hE Ÿ&

6. EH$ Cn wº$ erf©H$ X| {OgH$m g§~§Y nyao nmR> Ho$ gmW hmo Ÿ&

1.3.4 g§jonU H$m _hËd :g§jonU H$m _hËd :g§jonU H$m _hËd :g§jonU H$m _hËd :g§jonU H$m _hËd :

g§jonU H$m _hËd {g\©$ gm{hË` `m XâVam| _| Zht h¡ Ÿ& BgH$s Amdí`H$Vm OrdZ Ho${d{dY joÌm| _| h¢ Ÿ& g_` H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a H$m`m©b`m| Ho$ _m_bm| H$mo \$mBbm| _| g§{járH$aUH$aHo$ aI XoZm Mm{hE Ÿ& Bggo g_ñ`mAm| H$m g_mYmZ hmo OmVm h¡ Ÿ& Á`mXm ~mobo hþE dmŠ`m| H$mog§jon _| àH$Q> H$aZm AmgmZ Zht h¡ na§Vw Amdí`H$ h¡ Ÿ& H$m`m©b`m|, Ý`m`mb`m|, gaH$mar d J¡a-gaH$mar Am°{\$gm| _| Cƒ-A{YH$m[a`m| Ho$ nmg g_` Zht h¡ {H$ do nyar \$mBb Ama§ go A§V VH$n‹T>| Am¡a g_P| Ÿ& Bg{bE AYrZñW H$_©Mm[a`m| H$m `h H$V©ì` h¡ {H$ do A{YH$mar Ho$ _m_bm| H$mog§{já ê$n go aIZo H$m à`mg H$a| Ÿ& Bggo VwaÝV {ZU© {b`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma g§jonUH$s Amdí`H$Vm ~rgdt gXr Ho$ CÎmamY© _| ~hþV ~‹T> MwH$s h¡ Ÿ& Bg{bE g§jonU Ho$ _hËd H$mo g_PH$a H$_©Mm[a`m| H$s g_ñ`mAm| H$mo hb H$aZo Ho$ {bE BgH$m g_`mZwgma gXwn`moJ H$aZm Mm{hE Ÿ&

1.3.5 g§jonU Ho$ àH$ma :g§jonU Ho$ àH$ma :g§jonU Ho$ àH$ma :g§jonU Ho$ àH$ma :g§jonU Ho$ àH$ma :

{df`-dñVw Ho$ AZwgma {ZåZ àH$ma Ho$ hmo gH$Vo h¢ :

1. . . . . ñdV§Ì g§jonU :ñdV§Ì g§jonU :ñdV§Ì g§jonU :ñdV§Ì g§jonU :ñdV§Ì g§jonU : Bg_| {H$gr nmR>m§e H$m g§jonU {H$`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& ñHy$bm|,H$m°boOm| H$s nmR²>`-nwñVH$m| _| Bgo "gma-boIZ' H$hm J`m h¡ Ÿ& Bgo ñdV§Ì g§jonU ^r H$hm OmVmh¡ Ÿ& `h gma boIZ, àboIm|, ^mfUm|, ~¡R>H$m| Am{X H$m H$m ©d¥Îmm| [anmoQ>m] Am{X nmR>m| H$m {bImOmVm h¡ Ÿ& BgH$m Cn`moJ H$m`m©b` VWm H$m`m©b` go ~mha {dÚmb`m| Am{X _| ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ&

2. . . . . àdh_mZ g§jonU : àdh_mZ g§jonU : àdh_mZ g§jonU : àdh_mZ g§jonU : àdh_mZ g§jonU : O~ H$m`m©b` _| {dñVma Ho$ {bE Eogm {df` AmVm h¡{Og_| nhbo go nÌmMma hmo ahm hmo, Hw$N> {ZU© hmo, AmXoe {XE Om MwHo$ hmo V~ CZ nyd©Jm_r nÌm|,{ZU© m| Am{X H$m àdmh_mZ g§jonU H$aHo$ {Q>ßnUr Ho$ gmW aI {X`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& dh àdmh_mZg§jonU \$mBb Ho$ gmW AbJ H$da _| aIm OmVm h¡ Ÿ& nÌm|, {ZU©`m|, AmXoem| Am{X H$m Omo H«$_hmoVm h¡, Cg H«$_ go àdh_mZ g§jonU H$s Amdí`H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¡ Ÿ&

3. . . . . Vm{bH$m g§jonU :Vm{bH$m g§jonU :Vm{bH$m g§jonU :Vm{bH$m g§jonU :Vm{bH$m g§jonU :

------------------------------------------------------------------

H«$_-g§»`m nÌ g§»`m {XZm§H$ àofH$ ào{fVr àmnH$ {df` dñVw

------------------------------------------------------------------

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à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

4. . . . . ñdV: nyU© g§jonU :ñdV: nyU© g§jonU :ñdV: nyU© g§jonU :ñdV: nyU© g§jonU :ñdV: nyU© g§jonU : _§{Ì_§S>b H$s n[afX Ho$ gm_Zo AmbmoMZm `m {ZU© Ho${bE {d^mJm| go Omo {df` àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢ CZ_| àË oH$ Ho$ gmW ñdV:nyU© gmam§e m ñdV: nyU©g§jonU àñVwV {H$`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma Ho$ g§jonU Ho$ {df` _| g§~§{YV Omo r ~mV| ahVr h¢, VH©$Am¡a VÏ` hmoVo h¢ Am¡a KQ>ZmE± VWm nÌmMma Am{X H$m CëboI ahVm h¡ Ÿ& {df` g§~§Yr VÏ` Am¡a{d^mJr` àñVmd XmoZm| Bg_| ahVo h¢ Ÿ& `{X {H$gr {df` na AbJ-AbJ {d^mJm| Am{X H$sAbJ-AbJ am` hmo Vmo CZH$m ^r g§{já {ddaU ahZm Amdí`H$ h¡ Ÿ&

1.3.6 g§jonU Ho$ Hw$N> àmê$n :g§jonU Ho$ Hw$N> àmê$n :g§jonU Ho$ Hw$N> àmê$n :g§jonU Ho$ Hw$N> àmê$n :g§jonU Ho$ Hw$N> àmê$n :

1. àmê$n :àmê$n :àmê$n :àmê$n :àmê$n :

gä`Vm Am¡a g§ñH¥${V Ho$ {dH$mg _| Y_© Am¡a {dkmZ XmoZm| H$m hmW ahVm h¡, Y_© Zo _Zwî`Ho$ _Z H$m gwYma {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Y_© h_mao _Z H$mo ~b XoVm h¡ Am¡a {OVZo r AÀN>o JwU h¢, do g^r Y_©Ho$ H$maU h¢ Ÿ& gË`, Aqhgm, g§ _, namonH$ma, godm, Ë`mJ Am{X g^r AÀN>o JwU Y_© Ho$ AÝVJ©VAmVo h¢ Ÿ& Y_© öX` _| n¡Xm hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& {dkmZ r gË` H$mo OmZZo _| bJm ahVm h¡ Ÿ& {dkmZ àH¥${V H$moOrVVm h¡ Am¡a Y_© gË`, Aqhgm, namonH$ma Am{X go _Z H$mo OrVVm h¡ Ÿ& AV: `{X {dkmZ Am¡aY_© {_bH$a H$m © H$ao Vmo dh {XZ Xya Zht O~ h_ amÁ`m| Am¡a Xoem| Ho$ {dMma H$mo nrN>o N>mo‹S> X|JoAm¡a gmao g§gma H$mo AnZm g_P|Jo Ÿ& g§gma Ho$ g^r bmoJm| H$mo AnZm ^mB© g_P|Jo Ÿ& Bg àH$magä`Vm Am¡a g§ñH¥${V go _mZd H$m {dH$mg hmoVm ahoJm Ÿ&

_w»` {~ÝXw :

1. gä`Vm Am¡a g§ñH¥${V Ho$ {dH$mg _| Y_© Am¡a {dkmZ H$m `moJXmZ Ÿ&

2. Y_© go AÀN>o JwU hmoVo h¢ Am¡a {dkmZ H$m H$m © gË` H$s ImoM H$aVm h¡ ŸŸ&

3. Y_© Am¡a {dkmZ go _mZd Om{V H$s CÞ{V Ÿ&

gmam§e :gmam§e :gmam§e :gmam§e :gmam§e :

gä`Vm Am¡a g§ñH¥${V Ho$ {dH$mg _| Y_© Am¡a {dkmZ H$m H$m\$s `moJXmZ ahVm h¡ Ÿ& Y_©_Zwî` _| gË`, Aqhgm, namonH$ma, g§ _ Am{X JwU n¡Xm H$aVm h¡ ŸVmo {dkmZ gË` H$s ImoO H$aVmh¡ Ÿ& Y_© Am¡a {dkmZ go hr _mZd Om{V H$s CÞ{V hmo gH$Vr h¡ Ÿ&

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à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

erf©H$ : Y_© Am¡a {dkmZerf©H$ : Y_© Am¡a {dkmZerf©H$ : Y_© Am¡a {dkmZerf©H$ : Y_© Am¡a {dkmZerf©H$ : Y_© Am¡a {dkmZ

2. àmê$n :àmê$n :àmê$n :àmê$n :àmê$n :

àH¥${V h_mao gm_Zo AZoH$ ê$nm| _| AmVr h¡ Ÿ& H$ht gwg{‚mV gwÝXa ê$n go Vmo H$ht dr^Ëg`m H$H©$e ê$n _| ; H$ht ^ì` {dñV¥V `m em§V g§{já ê$n _| Ÿ& gƒo H${d H$m öX` CgHo$ àË oH$ê$n _| brZ ahVm h¡ Š`m|{H$ CgHo$ AZwamJ H$m H$maU AnZm ì`{º$JV gwI^moJ Zht ~pëH$ {Ma-gmhM © Ûmam à{V{ð>V dmgZm h¡ Omo Ho$db à\w$pëbV àgyZ àgmX Ho$ gm¡a^ g§Mma, ^m¢ao H$s _YwaJw§Oma, H$mo{H$b Hy${OV Hw§$O Am¡a erVb gwI ñne©, g_ra BË`m{X H$s MMm© H$aVo h¢, do {df`r m^moJ {bá h¢ Ÿ& Bgr Vah Omo Ho$db _wº$m^mJ {h_ {~ÝXw _§{S>V _aH$VmË_H$ {demb J{V go CR>r hþB©grH$a {Zhm[aH$m Ho$ _Ü` {d{dY a§J ñ\w$aUm| H$s {dembVm, gwÝXaVm Am¡a {d{MÌVm _| hr AnZo{bE Hw$N> nmVo h¢, do V_me~rZ h¢, gƒo ^mdwH$ Am¡a göX` Zht, àH¥${V Ho$ gm_mÝ` Am¡aAgm_mÝ` g^r àH$ma Ho$ ê$nm| H$mo aIZo dmbo dU©Z h_| H$m{bXmg, ~mU, ^mg Am{X g§ñH¥$V Ho$àmMrZ H${d`m| _| {_bVo h¢ Ÿ& Hw$N> H${d`m| Zo _wº$H$ aMZm _| CëboI _mÌ CÔrnZ H$s Ñ{ï> go {H$`mh¡ Ÿ& à~§Y aMZm _| Wmo‹S>m ~hþV g§§píbï> {H$`m h¡, dh àH¥${V Ho$ {deof ê$n H$mo boH$a h¡ Ÿ&

gmam§e :gmam§e :gmam§e :gmam§e :gmam§e :

àH¥${V Ho$ Xmo ê$n h¢ - EH$ gwÝXa Xygam dr^Ëg Ÿ& gƒo H${d H$m öX` XmoZm| _| a_Vm h¡{H$ÝVw Omo àH¥${V Ho$ ~mø gm¡ÝX © H$m M`Z AWdm CgH$s ahñ`_`Vm H$m CX²KmQ>Z H$aVm ah J`m Ÿ&dh H${d Zht hmo gH$Vm Ÿ& àH¥${V Ho$ gƒo ê$nm| H$m {MÌU g§ñH¥$V Ho$ àmMrZ H${d`m| H$m{bXmg,~mU^Q²>Q>> Am{X _| {_bVm h¡ Ÿ& à~§Y H$mì`m| _| BgH$m g§píbï> {MÌU hþAm h¡ Ÿ&

( eãX g§»`m -60)

erf©H$ : àH¥${V Ho$ ê$nerf©H$ : àH¥${V Ho$ ê$nerf©H$ : àH¥${V Ho$ ê$nerf©H$ : àH¥${V Ho$ ê$nerf©H$ : àH¥${V Ho$ ê$n

3.àmê$n :àmê$n :àmê$n :àmê$n :àmê$n :

eara Ho$ gmW l_ Amdí`H$ h¡ Ÿ& `h Bg{bE Zht {H$ eara ñdñW aho, ~pëH$ Bg{bE{H$ eara Or{dV aho Ÿ& eara H$mo Mmby aIZo Ho$ {bE AnZo n[al_ go nXmWm] H$mo CËnÞ H$aZmhmoJm Ÿ& Xygao Zo h_mao {bE Omo n[al_ {H$`m h¡, A~ Ho$db CgHo$ ghmao Or{dV ahZo H$m A{YH$maZ`m g_mO Zht _mZoJm Ÿ& ~mn-XmXm| Ho$ nwíV¡Zr n¡gm| go Or{dV ahZo H$s ~war gwñV AmXV h_ZohOmam| dfm] go grI br h¡ Ÿ& CgZo Z Ho$db h_mao eara H$mo {ZH$å_m ~Zm`m h¡, ~pëH$ h_mao _Z H$mo^r ~war bmbM H$m Jwbm_ ~Zm {X`m h¡ Ÿ& {H$gr bo _mZg Ho$ {bE h b‚mm H$s ~mV hmoZr Mm{hE

32

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

{H$ dh CZgo AnZm noQ> ao {OgHo$ {bE CgZo ñd § n[al_ Zht {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& l_ Ho$ Amdí`H$ {Z`_Ho$ A^md _| h_ _OXya-_m{bH$, A_ra-Jar~, goR>- Amgm_r Ho$ Mw Vo hþE oXm| Ho$ {eH$ma hmo JEh¢ Ÿ& g~go AnZm qnS> Nw>‹S>mZm _wpíH$b n‹S> ahm h¡ Ÿ& `{X h_ g^r Am{X_ _mZd H$s VahAmdí`H$ H$m{`H$ l_ go A{O©V mJ H$mo hr B©_mZXmar go AnZm _mZVo hmoVo Vmo Xygam| H$m ngrZm~hmH$a A_ra ~ZZo H$m _mZ{gH$ H$mo‹T> h_| Z hþAm hmoVm Ÿ& A_ra `m YZ H$m EH$ OJh g§M`g_mO H$m \$rb nm±d amoJ h¡ Ÿ& YZ O~ EH$ OJh g§{MV hmoVm h¡ Vmo Xygar OJh A^md CËnÞH$aVm h¡ Ÿ& l_ H$s Ztd na ~ZZo dmbm OrdZ ^rVa go g§Vmof XoVm h¡ Ÿ& Am{W©H$ ~§Q>dmao H$moÝ`m`nyU© ~ZmVm h¡ Ÿ& B©î`m© , bmo , ~oB_mZr, H$m{hbr O¡gr ~wamB`m| go bmoJm| H$mo ~MmVm h¡ Ÿ&

gmam§e :gmam§e :gmam§e :gmam§e :gmam§e :

OrdZ H$mo Z Ho$db ñdñW daZ Or{dV ~ZmE aIZo Ho$ {bE l_ ~hþV Oê$ar h¡ Ÿ& Xygam|Ho$ n[al_ na OrZo dmbm ì`{º$ {ZH$å_m Am¡a bmbMr hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& l_ Ho$ A^md Ho$ H$maU hrJar~-A_ra, _OXya-_m{bH$ Am{X H$m oX md n¡Xm hþAm h¡ Ÿ& dmñVd _| l_ go Omo OrdZ ~ZVmh¡ Cg_| gÝVmof hmoVm h¡ Am¡a B©î`m©, bmo^, ~oB_mZr Am{X ~wamB`m± r gm_Zo Zht AmVt Ÿ&

erf©H$ : l_ H$s _hÎmm Ÿ&

1.4 nëbdZ :nëbdZ :nëbdZ :nëbdZ :nëbdZ :

1.4.1 AW© :AW© :AW© :AW© :AW© :

"nëbdZ' go A{^àm` {H$gr gwJ{R>V VWm Jw§{\$V {dMma AWdm ^md H$mo {dñVma goàñVwV H$aZm h¡ Ÿ& H$_ go H$_ eãXm| AWdm EH$ dmŠ` _| H$ho m {bIo JE mdm|, {dMmam| _| BVZrñnï>Vm Zht ahVr {H$ bmoJ CÝh| AmgmZr go g_P gH|$ Ÿ& Eogr pñW{V _| ñnï>Vm bmZo Ho$ {bE{dMma `m ^md Ho$ Vma-Vma H$mo AbJ H$a VmaVå` Ho$ gmW ì`m»`m H$aZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm n‹S>Vrh¡ Ÿ&

`h EH$ àH$ma H$m bKw {Z~§Y h¡ {Og_| `h XoIm OmVm h¡ {H$ ì`m»`m H$aZo dmbo ì`{º$Zo {H$gr J§ ra C{º$ m dmŠ` H$mo {H$VZr gyú_Vm Am¡a JhamB© go g_Pm h¡ Am¡a dh AnZr mfm _|Cgo {H$VZr ñnï> H$a nm`m h¡ Ÿ&

nëbdZ ~rO go d¥j Am¡a {~ÝXw go d¥Îm ~Zm XoZo H$s ghO à{H«$`m h¡ Ÿ& {~ëHw$b N>moQ>o goN>moQ>o dmŠ` _| {Z{hV {dMmam| H$mo naV Xa naV ImobVo OmZm, \¡$bm XoZm hr nëbdZ h¡ Ÿ& Bgo{dñVmaU m d¥{ÕH$aU r H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& h ~mV ñ_aU aIZr Mm{hE {H$ nëbdZ O~ r

33

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

{H$`m OmEJm, CgH$s e¡br g_mO e¡br hmoJr Z Her$ ì`mg e¡br Ÿ& gKZVm go {dabVm H$s grpñW{V hmoZr Mm{hE Ÿ& nëbdZ _| BgH$m AW© `h Zht {H$ {dñVmaU hmoZo go {dMmam| H$s Yma ^rnVbr hmoVr OmEJr Ÿ&

1.4.2 nëbdZ boIZ Ho$ {Z`_ :nëbdZ boIZ Ho$ {Z`_ :nëbdZ boIZ Ho$ {Z`_ :nëbdZ boIZ Ho$ {Z`_ :nëbdZ boIZ Ho$ {Z`_ :

1. _yb C{º$ Ho$ dmŠ`, gy{º$, bmoH$mo{º$ Am{X H$mo Ü`mZnyd©H$ n‹T>Zm Mm{hE Ÿ {Oggo_yb ^md AÀN>r Vah g_P _| Am OmE Ÿ&

2. _yb ^md H$mo ñnï> H$aZo Ho$ {bE AÝ` gh`moJr {dMmam| Ed§ ^mdm| H$mo bm`mOmE Ÿ&

3. _yb Am¡a Jm¡U {dMmam| H$mo g_P boZo Ho$ ~mX EH$-EH$ H$a g^r {Z{hV {dMmam|H$mo EH$-EH$ AZwÀN>oX _| {bIZm Mm{hE Vm{H$ H$moB© ^r ^md `m {dMma Ny>Q>Zo ZnmE Ÿ&

4. _yb ^md H$m {dñVma H$aVo g_` `{X Amdí`H$Vm n‹S>§o Vmo CgH$s nw{ï> _| Hw$N>CXmhaU `m VÏ` XoZo n‹S>o Vmo do ^r {XE Om gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ&

5. ^md Am¡a ^mfm H$s A{^ì`{º$ _| nyar ñnï>Vm, _m¡{bH$Vm Am¡a gabVm hmoZrMm{hE Ÿ& Ab§H¥$V mfm go ~MZm Mm{hE Ÿ& Wmg§ d N>moQ>o dmŠ` hmoZo Mm{hE Ÿ&

6. nëbdZ _| AZmdí`H$ Am¡a Aàmg§{JH$ ~mVm| H$m {dñVma m CëboI hmoZm ZhtMm{hE Ÿ&

7. nëbdZ g_mg-e¡br _| Z {bIH$a ì`mge¡br _| {bIZm Mm{hE Ÿ&

8. nëbdZ H$s aMZm AÝ` nwéf _| hmoZr Mm{hE Ÿ&

9. Bg_| _yb ^md `m {dMma H$s Z Vmo H$moB© AmbmoMZm H$s OmZr Mm{hE Am¡a Z hrH$moB© {Q>ßnUr XoZr Mm{hE Ÿ& BgH$m Ho$db {dñVma m {díbofU hmoZm Mm{hE Ÿ&

10. nëbdZ {bIZo Ho$ ~mX CgH$mo nwZarjU Ho$ {bE EH$-Xmo ~ma n‹T> boZm Mm{hEVm{H$ `{X H$moB© Xmof hmo Vmo Xya {H$`m Om gHo$ Ÿ&

1.4.3 nëbdZ Ho$ Hw$N> Z_yZo :nëbdZ Ho$ Hw$N> Z_yZo :nëbdZ Ho$ Hw$N> Z_yZo :nëbdZ Ho$ Hw$N> Z_yZo :nëbdZ Ho$ Hw$N> Z_yZo :

CXmhaU -CXmhaU -CXmhaU -CXmhaU -CXmhaU -1....."gmhg Ohm± {g{Õ Vh± hmoB©'"gmhg Ohm± {g{Õ Vh± hmoB©'"gmhg Ohm± {g{Õ Vh± hmoB©'"gmhg Ohm± {g{Õ Vh± hmoB©'"gmhg Ohm± {g{Õ Vh± hmoB©'

AnZo CÔoí` H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE Vrd« H$m_Zm, Ñ‹T>Vm, CËgmh Am¡a EH$mJ«Vm H$m hmoZm

34

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

A{Zdm © h¡ Ÿ& dmñVd _| ì`{º$ H$m O¡gm AmË_{dmdmg hmoJm Cgr Ho$ AZwgma Cgo g\$bVm {_boJr Ÿ&{H$ÝVw `h AmË_{dídmg _Zwî` _| V^r n¡Xm hmoVm h¡ O~ Cg_| `mo½`Vm Am¡a j_Vm hmoJr Ÿ& {H$grdñVw H$mo Ho$db BÀN>m H$aZo go àmá Zht {H$`m Om gH$Vm Ÿ& CgHo$ {bE AWH$ à`mg Ed§ gVV² l_H$s AmdíH$`Vm hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& gmW _| gmhg r hmoZm Mm{hE Ÿ& {X H$moB© ì`{º$ Ñ‹T> {ZíM` Am¡a AQy>Q>{dídmg Ho$ gmW g§H$ën H$aVm h¡ {H$ O~ VH$ Cgo H$m © {g{Õ Zht hmoVr, VH$ VH$ CgH$m l_ Am¡aà`mg Omar ahoJm Ÿ& Eogo ì`{º$ Ho$ _mJ© _| AZoH$ ~mYmE± r Xya hQ> OmVr h¢ Am¡a dh AmË_{dmdmgHo$ gmW AJ«ga hmoVm OmVm h¡ Ÿ& AmË_-{dídmg H$m {H«$`mË_H$ ê$n hr gmhg h¡ Ÿ& {X h_ H$moB© rH$m © gmhg go H$aVo h¢ Vmo h_| H$moB© ^r g_ñ`m ~mYm Zht Xo nmEJr Ÿ& dmñVd _| EH$mJ«{MÎm hmoH$aH$m © V^r {H$`m OmVm h¡ O~ ì`{º$ _| gmhg hmo Ÿ& gmhg hmoJm Vmo g\$bVm {Z{íMV h¡ Ÿ& Bg{bEH$hm J`m h¡ - "gmhg Ohm± {g{Õ Vh± hmoB©' Ÿ&

CXmhaU -CXmhaU -CXmhaU -CXmhaU -CXmhaU -2 "AnZr H$aZr nma CVaZr' "AnZr H$aZr nma CVaZr' "AnZr H$aZr nma CVaZr' "AnZr H$aZr nma CVaZr' "AnZr H$aZr nma CVaZr'

Y_© J«§Wm| _| H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ `h g§gma H$_© na AmYm[aV h¡ Ÿ& _Zwî` H$_© H$aHo$ AnZm^{dî` ~ZmVm h¡ Ÿ& H$_© Ho$ AZwgma hr dh _moj àmá H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& AV: `WmW© _| H$hm J`m h¡ -"AnZr H$aZr nma CVaZr' Bg ^dgmJa go nma CVaZo Ho$ {bE Ho$db AnZr H$aZr hr H$m_ H$aVrh¡ Ÿ& Bg{bE _Zwî` H$mo gX¡d ñdmdb§~r hmoZm Mm{hE Š`m|{H$ Omo ì`{º$ ñdmdb§~r hmoVm h¡, dhH$Îm©ì` g§nmXZ H$aHo$ g\$bVm àmá H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& dh mdr OrdZ Ho$ {bE n[al_ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a m½`H$m {Z_m©U ^r H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& ^m½` _Zwî` ñd § ~ZmVm h¡ Ÿ& `{X H$_© AÀN>o h¢ Vmo ^m½` ^r AÀN>m h¡Am¡a H$_© \$b ^r AÀN>o àmá hm|Jo Ÿ& Bg{bE _Zwî` H$mo Eogr H$aZr H$aZr Mm{hE Omo namonH$ma,H$V©ì`{Zð>m, B©_mZXmar, Ë`mJ VWm godm d gwI H$s mdZm go nyU© hmo Ÿ& AnZo H$m © Ho$ AZwgma hr\$b àmá hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg{bE - "AnZr H$aZr nma CVaZr' H$hm J`m h¡ Ÿ&

CXmhaU -CXmhaU -CXmhaU -CXmhaU -CXmhaU -3 "ào_ AgmÜ` amoJ h¡' "ào_ AgmÜ` amoJ h¡' "ào_ AgmÜ` amoJ h¡' "ào_ AgmÜ` amoJ h¡' "ào_ AgmÜ` amoJ h¡'

g§gma Ho$ {dÛmZm|, _Zr{f`m|, {MÝVH$m|, H${d`m|, boIH$m| Am{X Zo AnZr e¡br go ào_ H$mon[a^m{fV {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& {H$gr Zo ào_ H$mo "J§JmoÌr' H$hm h¡ {OgHo$ {_bZo na B©ída ê$nr _hmgmJa VH$gwJ_Vm go Om`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& {H$gr Zo Bgo OrdZ H$m AmZÝX _mZm h¡ Vmo Bgo bmoH$ H$m A_¥V_mZm h¡ Ÿ& {H$gr Zo Bgo AmË_Ë`mJ Vmo {H$gr Zo Bgo na_mË_m ê$nr d¥j H$m ~rO _mZm h¡ Ÿ& _hmZCnÝ`mg g_«mQ> ào_MÝX Zo Bgo "amoJ' _mZm h¡ Omo CnMma Ho$ ~mX r R>rH$ Zht hmoVm Ÿ& ào_ H$m ñdê$nH¡$gm r hmo, Mmho dh Xoe Ho$ gmW ào_ hmo, m _Zwî` go ào_ hmo m B©ída go {H$`m J`m ào_ hmo, EH$~ma hmo OmZo Ho$ ~mX Cggo nma hmoZm {~ëHw$b Ag§^d h¡ Ÿ& ào_r _Z H$mo {g\©$ AnZo bú` H$s

35

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Vbme hmoVr h¡ {Ogo nmZo Ho$ {bE dh AnZm gd©ñd J§dmZm r C{MV g_PVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg{bE ào_ H$moAgmÜ` amoJ _mZZm C{MV hr h¡ Ÿ&

1.5 nÌ-boIZ:nÌ-boIZ:nÌ-boIZ:nÌ-boIZ:nÌ-boIZ:

1.5.1 AW© : AW© : AW© : AW© : AW© :

nañna g§~§Ym| H$s A{^ì`{º$ nÌ Ho$ _mÜ`_ go hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& nÌm| Ho$ Ûmam öX` Ho$ {d{^ÞnQ>b ImobVo h¢ Ÿ& _Zwî` H$s ^mdZmAm| H$s ñdm^m{dH$ A{^ì`{º$ nÌmMma go hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& AV:nÌmMma hr EH$ _mÜ`_ h¡ Omo Xmo ì`{º$`m| Ho$ ~rM EH$ AmË_r` g§~§Y ñWm{nV H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& BgàH$ma Amngr g§~§Y H$mo ~ZmE aIZo Ho$ {bE nÌ EH$ _hËdnyU© gmYZ h¡ Ÿ&

1.5.2 nÌ H$s {deofVmE± :nÌ H$s {deofVmE± :nÌ H$s {deofVmE± :nÌ H$s {deofVmE± :nÌ H$s {deofVmE± :EH$ AÀN>o nÌ H$s {ZåZ{b{IV {deofVmE± hmoVr h¢ :

1))))) gabVm : gabVm : gabVm : gabVm : gabVm : nÌ H$mo gab ^mfm _| {bIm OmZm Mm{hE Ÿ& ~ZmdQ>r ^mfm Am¡apŠbï> mfm H$m à`moJ H$aZm AZw{MV h¡ Ÿ& gmar ~mV| grYo-gmXo go ñnï> {bIZrMm{hE Ÿ&

2))))) {dMmam| H$s ñnï>Vm :{dMmam| H$s ñnï>Vm :{dMmam| H$s ñnï>Vm :{dMmam| H$s ñnï>Vm :{dMmam| H$s ñnï>Vm : nÌ _| {dMmam| H$mo ñnï> ê$n go {bIZm Mm{hE Ÿ&{dMma {OVZo ñnï> ah|Jo CVZo n‹T>Zo Am¡a g_PZo _| nÌ AÀN>o bJ|Jo Ÿ&

3))))) g§{jáVm Am¡a g§nyU©Vm :g§{jáVm Am¡a g§nyU©Vm :g§{jáVm Am¡a g§nyU©Vm :g§{jáVm Am¡a g§nyU©Vm :g§{jáVm Am¡a g§nyU©Vm : nÌ AnZo _| g§nyU© Am¡a g§{já hmo Ÿ& nÌA{YH$ bå~m Zht hmoZm Mm{hE ŸAm¡a ~ma-~ma EH$ hr ~mV H$mo XwhamZm ZhtMm{hE Ÿ&

4))))) à^mdmpÝd{V :à^mdmpÝd{V :à^mdmpÝd{V :à^mdmpÝd{V :à^mdmpÝd{V : nÌ H$m nyam à^md nmR>H$ na n‹T>Zm Mm{hE Ÿ& BB_| Z_«VmAm¡a ÐVm H$m md Ano{jV h¡ Ÿ&

5))))) ~mhar gOmdQ>> :~mhar gOmdQ>> :~mhar gOmdQ>> :~mhar gOmdQ>> :~mhar gOmdQ>> : ~mhar gOmdQ> H$m AW© h¡ - H$mJO AÀN>m hmo Ÿ& {bImdQ>gwÝXa Am¡a gm\$ hmo, {dam_m{X {MÝhm| H$m ghr à`moJ hmo, erf©H$ , {V{W, A{^dmXZR>rH$ hmo Am¡a ghr ñWmZ na hmo Ÿ&

1.5.3 nÌm| Ho$ àH$ma : nÌm| Ho$ àH$ma : nÌm| Ho$ àH$ma : nÌm| Ho$ àH$ma : nÌm| Ho$ àH$ma :

nÌ _w»`V: VrZ àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢ :

1) ì`{º$JV m gm_m{OH$ nÌ

36

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

2) ì`mdgm{`H$ nÌ

3) gaH$mar m H$m`m©b`rZ nÌ Ÿ&

1..... ì`{º$JV `m gm_m{OH$ nÌ :ì`{º$JV `m gm_m{OH$ nÌ :ì`{º$JV `m gm_m{OH$ nÌ :ì`{º$JV `m gm_m{OH$ nÌ :ì`{º$JV `m gm_m{OH$ nÌ : Omo g§~§{Y`m|, {_Ìm| `m n[a{MV bmoJm|H$mo {bIo OmVo h¢, CÝh| ì`{º$JV m gm_m{OH$ nÌ H$hVo h¢ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma Ho$ nÌm| Ho$ AZoH$ ê$n hmoVoh¢ : O¡go - g§~§{Y`m| H$mo nÌ, ~YmB© nÌ, n[aM` nÌ, emoH$ nÌ, {Z_§ÌU nÌ Am{X Ÿ&

ì`{º$JV `m gm_m{OH$ nÌm| _| {ZåZ{b{IV ~mVm| na Ü`mZ X| :

i))))) nÌ {bIZo dmbo H$m nVm Am¡a VmarI :nÌ {bIZo dmbo H$m nVm Am¡a VmarI :nÌ {bIZo dmbo H$m nVm Am¡a VmarI :nÌ {bIZo dmbo H$m nVm Am¡a VmarI :nÌ {bIZo dmbo H$m nVm Am¡a VmarI : nÌ H$s$ XmBª Amoa D$na H$moZo _| AnZm nyam nVm `m {g\©$ eha H$m Zm_ Am¡a ZrMo VmarI {bI| Ÿ&

ii) ) ) ) ) g§~moYZ :g§~moYZ :g§~moYZ :g§~moYZ :g§~moYZ : nVm Am¡a VmarI go Hw$N> ZrMo ~mBª Amoa g§~moYZ {bIm OmVm h¡ Ÿ& ~‹S>m| Ho$ {bE na_ nyÁ`, nyOZr`, _mÝ`da Am{X Ÿ& {ó`m| Ho$ {bE nyOZr`m, AmXaUr`m, _mZZr`m Am{X {bIm OmVm h¡ Ÿ& ~am~a dmbm| Ho$ {bE {à`da, {_Ìda, {à` {_Ì, {à` mB© Am{X Ÿ& N>moQ>m| Ho$ {bE Am wî_mZ, na_ {à`, {Ma§Ord Am¡a {ó`m| Ho$ {bE Am wî_Vr Am{X {bIVo h¢ Ÿ&

iii) A{^dmXZ : A{^dmXZ : A{^dmXZ : A{^dmXZ : A{^dmXZ : ~‹S>m| H$mo àUm_, gmXa àUm_, MaU-ñne© Am{X, ~am~ar Ho$ {bE Z_ñVo, Z_ñH$ma Am{X Ÿ& N>moQ>m| H$mo Amerdm©X, ew merf, {ddm{hVm ór Ho$ {bE gm¡ m½`dVr Am{X {bIm OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

iv) ) ) ) ) nÌ Ho$ H$boda :nÌ Ho$ H$boda :nÌ Ho$ H$boda :nÌ Ho$ H$boda :nÌ Ho$ H$boda : A{^dmXZ Ho$ ZrMo ~mBª Amoa Wmo‹S>m ñWmZ N>mo‹S>H$a nÌ H$m àma§^ hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& nÌ H$s ^mfm ñnï>, gab Am¡a {df` Ho$ AZwHy$b hmoZr Mm{hE Ÿ&

v) ) ) ) ) AYmoboI :AYmoboI :AYmoboI :AYmoboI :AYmoboI : nÌ {bIZo Ho$ ~mX EH$ `m A{YH$ ÚmoVH$ eãXm| H$m à`moJ hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& ~‹S>m| Ho$ {bE AmkmH$mar, {dZrV, ñZoh^mOZ, ^dXr` Am{X & ~am~a dmbm| Ho$ {bE AmnH$m, Vwåhmam, Vwåhmam ew qMVH$, ew mH$m§jr ; N>moQ>m| Ho$ {bE Vwåhmam, ew^oÀNw> Am{X Ÿ& {\$a hñVmja {H$E OmVo h¢ Ÿ&

vi) ) ) ) ) nVm : nÌ Ho$ A§V _| nVm hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& A{YH$m§e nÌm| _| {b\$mo\o$ _| D$na `m nmoñQ>H$mS>© _| {Zd[{MV ñWmZ na nVm {bIm OmVm h¡ Ÿ& nhbo nÌ àmá H$aZo dmbo H$m Zm_, Ka Z§~a, _whëbm, Jm±d, S>mH$ImZm, {Obm, amÁ`,{nZ H$moS> Ÿ&

2.....ì`mdgm{`H$ nÌ : ì`mdgm{`H$ nÌ : ì`mdgm{`H$ nÌ : ì`mdgm{`H$ nÌ : ì`mdgm{`H$ nÌ : ì`mdgm{`H$ `m ì`mnm[aH$ nÌ Ho$ Mma ^mJ hmoVo h¢ :

i) oOZo dmbo H$m nVm Am¡a VmarI

37

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

ii) g§~moYZ Am¡a A{^dmXZ

ii) ì`mnma H$m {df`

iv) A{^{ZdoXZ

3. gaH$mar nÌ :. gaH$mar nÌ :. gaH$mar nÌ :. gaH$mar nÌ :. gaH$mar nÌ : gaH$mar H$m`m©b`m| _| nÌboIZ {^Þ-{^Þ A{YH$m[a`m| Ho$ ~rMhmoVm h¡ Ÿ& Eogo nÌm| Ho$ Zm¡ ^mJ hmoVo h¢ :

i) nÌ-g§»`m

ii) àofH$ H$m Zm_, nX, nVm

iii) ào{fVr H$m nX, nVm

iv) ñWmZ, nVm

v) {df`

vi)g§~moYZ

vii) nÌ H$s ê$naoIm

viii) A{^{ZdoXZ

ix) g§b½Z nÌ Ÿ&

4. AÕ© gaH$mar nÌ :. AÕ© gaH$mar nÌ :. AÕ© gaH$mar nÌ :. AÕ© gaH$mar nÌ :. AÕ© gaH$mar nÌ : AÕ© - gaH$mar nÌ, gaH$mar nÌ Ho$ g_mZ hr A\$gam|/A{YH$m[a`m| Ho$ ~rM MbVm h¡ Ÿ& Eogo nÌm| _| EH$ A{YH$mar Xygao A{YH$mar H$m ì`{º$JV Ü`mZ{H$gr {df` H$s Amoa AmH¥$ï> H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& AÕ©-gaH$mar nÌ _| {df` Vmo àemg{ZH$ ahVm h¡, na{bIZo H$s e¡br ì`{º$JV AWm©V² AmYm(AÕ©) gaH$mar Am¡a AmYm J¡a-gaH$mar Ÿ& Bg_| H$moB©ì`{º$JV ~mV Zht {bIr OmVr Ÿ& AÕ© gaH$mar nÌ H$m àmê$n {ZåZ àH$ma hmoVm h¡ :

1. nÌ-g§»`m

2. ñWmZ/ H$m`m©b` H$m nVm / {XZm§H$

3. g§~moYZ ({à`...)

4. nÌg§»`m H$m CëboI

5. {df`

6. A{^{ZdoXZ(AmnH$m gX² mdr)

38

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

1.5.4 nÌ Ho$ Z_yZonÌ Ho$ Z_yZonÌ Ho$ Z_yZonÌ Ho$ Z_yZonÌ Ho$ Z_yZo

gm_m{OH$ nÌ ;gm_m{OH$ nÌ ;gm_m{OH$ nÌ ;gm_m{OH$ nÌ ;gm_m{OH$ nÌ ;

1. nwÌ H$m {nVm Ho$ Zm_ nÌ - nwñVH$m| Ho$ {bE én`m| H$s Oê$aV Ÿ&

~r.Oo.~r. ZJa

wdZoída

01.08.14

na_ nyÁ` {nVmOr,

gmXa àUm_ Ÿ&

AmnH$mo `h OmZH$a ~‹S>r Iwer hmoJr {H$ _¢ `hm± {~ëHw$b R>rH$ h±ÿ Ÿ& narjm Ho${bE Iy~ n[al_ H$a ahm h±ÿ Ÿ& na§Vw Hw$N> g§X{^©V nwñVH$m| H$s ~hþV Oê$aV h¡ Ÿ& nwñVH$ IarXZo Ho${bE _wPo EH$ hOma én`m| H$s Oê$aV h¡ Ÿ& {X Amn OëXr énE oOZo H$s H¥$nm H$a| Vmo _oar g_ñ`mhb hmo OmEJr Ÿ&

_m± Or H$mo _oam àUm_ H${hEJm Ÿ& N>moQy> d _moQy> H$mo _oam ew^merdm©X Ÿ&

nwZ: n«Um_ Ÿ& nÌ H$s àVrjm _|,

AmnH$m AmkmYrZ nwÌ,

AZyn

àmßVofw :

lr wV gmo_ZmW {_l

Jmonmb ~ëb^ amoS>

goŠQ>a -6, amCaHo$bm Ÿ&

39

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

* ~YmB© nÌ * ~YmB© nÌ * ~YmB© nÌ * ~YmB© nÌ * ~YmB© nÌ

2. narjm _| CÎmrU© hmoZo na {_Ì H$m {_Ì H$mo ~YmB© nÌ :

H$Q>H$

22.09.14

{à` {_Ì g§Vmof,

Z_ñH$ma Ÿ&

_wPo ~‹S>r Iwer hþB© {H$ Bg ~ma Vw_ ~r.H$m°_. H$s narjm _| nyao {díd{dÚmb` _|àW_ AmE hmo Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE _oar Amoa go Vwåh| ~hþV -~hþV ~YmB© Ÿ& h_mao Ka _| r _mVm-{nVm Am¡a~‹S>o mB© ~hþV àgÞ h¢ Am¡a CÝhm|Zo T>oa gmar ew^H$m_mZmE± Xr h¢ Ÿ&

~VmAmo, H$~ {_R>mB© {Ibm aho hmo ? Š`m moOZm h¡ Vwåhmar ? E_.H$m°_. H$hm± H$aZm h¡ ?_¢ gmoMVm h±ÿ, `{X {Xëbr {díd{dÚmb` _| H$amoJo Vmo Á`mXm AÀN>m hmoJm Ÿ& d¡go, Vw_ Vmo ñd`§g_PXma hmo Ÿ& AnZo ^{dî` Ho$ ~mao _| AÀN>m gmoM gH$Vo hmo Ÿ& _mVm-{nVm go gbmh boH$a H$m_H$aZm Ÿ& _oam _Z H$hVm h¡, Vw_ ~hþV D$na CR>moJo Ÿ& Xoe VWm n[adma H$m Zm_ amoeZ H$amoJo Ÿ& _oarew H$m_ZmEª gX¡d Vwåhmao gmW h¡§ Ÿ&

_oar Amoa go AnZo {nVmOr d _mVmOr H$mo àUm_ XoZm Ÿ& eof g~ Hw$eb Ÿ& _wPo ^r AmJo~‹T>Zo H$m gwPmd XoZm Ÿ& Vwåh| ~hþV gmar ~YmB`m± Ÿ&

Vwåhmam {_Ì,

A_r`

lrg§Vmof Hw$_ma aW

_m\©$V-lrAemoH$ Hw$_ma aW,

Ka Z§. 1192 (~r), Mm¡Ywar ~mOma,

^ÐH$, Amo{‹S>em Ÿ&

40

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

* ì`mnm[aH$ nÌ :* ì`mnm[aH$ nÌ :* ì`mnm[aH$ nÌ :* ì`mnm[aH$ nÌ :* ì`mnm[aH$ nÌ :

nwñVH$ _§JdmZo Ho$ {bE àH$meZ H$mo nÌ :

Jmon~ÝYw N>mÌmdmg,

CËH$b {díd{dÚmb`,

wdZoída &

{XZm§H$ 15.07.14

godm _|,

ì`dñWmnH$,

~mUr àH$meH$, ZB© {Xëbr Ÿ&

{à` _hmoX`,

{ZåZ{b{IV nwñVH$m| H$s EH$-EH$ à{V dr.nr.nr. Ûmam oOZo H$s H¥$nm H$a| Ÿ&_wPo narjm Ho$ {bE BZ nwñVH$m| H$s ~hþV Amdí`H$Vm h¡ Ÿ& Bg{bE OëXr go OëXr oOZo H$m à~ÝYH$aZo go _¢ Am^mar ah±ÿJm Ÿ&

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2. mfm {dkmZ - mobmZmW {Vdmar

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42

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43

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44

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Eogo AmdoXZ -nÌm| Ho$ Mma ^mJ hmoVo h¢ :

1. ào{fVr

2. g§~moYZ

3. AmdoXZ H$m {df`

4. {XZm§H$ (~mBª Amoa)

VWm A{^{ZdoXZ (XmBª Amoa)

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45

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godm _| ,

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47

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48

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1.6 nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr :nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr :nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr :nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr :nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr :

1.6.1 AW© :AW© :AW© :AW© :AW© :

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qhXr _| "VH$ZrH$s' Am¡a "nm[a^m{fH$' XmoZm| hr eãX A§J«oOr Ho$ (Technical) eãX Ho$n`m© h¢ Ÿ& "VH$ZrH$s' Am¡a "nm[a^m{fH$' Cggo Ow‹S>o AW© Ho$ AmYma na {Z{_©V n`m© h¡ Ÿ&

1.6.2 n[a^mfmE± :n[a^mfmE± :n[a^mfmE± :n[a^mfmE± :n[a^mfmE± :

S>m°. gË`d«V

""Q>oŠZrH$b `m VH$ZrH$s eãXm| Ho$ nrN>o Omo ^md {N>nm h¡, Cggo kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ o doeãX h¢, {OÝh| Ho$db ^m¡{VH$s, agm`{ZH$, `m§{ÌH$ {dkmZ Am{X g§~§Yr emImAm| Ho$ {deofk hrà wº$ H$aVo h¢, naÝVw AmOH$b BZ eãXm| H$s Amdí`H$Vm Am¡a _m§J {deofkm| H$s gr_m A{VH«$_H$aHo$ gmYmaU ~mobMmb, X¡{ZH$ ì`dhma, Am¡nMm[aH$ {bIm-n‹T>r d {dMma -{d{Z_` Ho$ {bE r~‹T>Vr Om ahr h¡ Ÿ&''

S>m °. aKwdraS>m °. aKwdraS>m °. aKwdraS>m °. aKwdraS>m °. aKwdra

""{OZ eãXm| H$s gr_m ~m§Y Xr OmVr h¡, do nm[a^m{fH$ eãX hmoVo h¢ Am¡a {OZH$s gr_mZht ~m§Yr OmVr, do gmYmaU eãX hmoVo h¢ Ÿ&''

S>m°. ^mobmZmW {VdmarS>m°. ^mobmZmW {VdmarS>m°. ^mobmZmW {VdmarS>m°. ^mobmZmW {VdmarS>m°. ^mobmZmW {Vdmar

""nm[a^m{fH$ eãX Eogo eãXm| H$mo H$hVo h¢ Omo agm`Z, m¡{VH$s, Xe©Z, amOZr{V Am{X{d{^Þ {dkmZm| m emóm| Ho$ eãX hmoVo h¢ VWm Omo AnZo-AnZo joÌm| _| {ZpíMV AW© _| gw{ZpíMVê$n go n[a^m{fV hmoVo h¢ Ÿ& AW© Am¡a à`moJ H$s Ñ{ï> go {ZpíMV ê$n go nm[a^m{fH$ hmoZo Ho$ H$maUhr o eãX nm[a^m{fH$ eãX H$ho OmVo h¢ Ÿ&''

49

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S>m°. eer e_m©S>m°. eer e_m©S>m°. eer e_m©S>m°. eer e_m©S>m°. eer e_m©

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S>m°. Jmonmb e_m©S>m°. Jmonmb e_m©S>m°. Jmonmb e_m©S>m°. Jmonmb e_m©S>m°. Jmonmb e_m©

""nm[a^m{fH$ eãX dh h¡ Omo {H$gr kmZ-{deof Ho$ joÌ _| EH$ {ZpíMV AW© _| à wº$hmoVm hmo VWm {OgH$m AW© EH$ n[a^mfm Ho$ Ûmam pñWa {H$`m J`m hmo Ÿ&''

S>m°. {dZmoX JmoXaS>m°. {dZmoX JmoXaS>m°. {dZmoX JmoXaS>m°. {dZmoX JmoXaS>m°. {dZmoX JmoXao

""{H$gr {d{eï> kmZ emIm H$s {d{eï> A{^ì`{º$ Ho$ {bE à wº$ {d{eï> eãX nm[a^m{fH$eãX H$hbmVm h¡ Ÿ&

1.6.3 ñdê$n :ñdê$n :ñdê$n :ñdê$n :ñdê$n :

nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr H$m ñdê$n {ZåZ{b{IV {~ÝXwAm| na AmYm[aV h¡ :

* nm[a^m{fH$ eãX A{^YmW© _| J«hU {H$E OmVo h¢ Ÿ&

* nm[a^m{fH$ eãXm| H$m à`moJ {H$gr kmZ {deof Ho$ joÌ _| hmoVm h¡ Ÿ&

* nm[a^m{fH$ eãXm| H$m AW© gw{ZpíMV hmoVm h¡ Ÿ&

* nm[a^m{fH$ eãXm| Ho$ AWm] _| {dH$ën m bMrbmnZ Zht hmoVm Ÿ&

* ha kmZ emIm m {df` Ho$ AZwê$n CgH$m nm[a^m{fH$ AW© hmoVm h¡ Ÿ&

* nm[a^m{fH$ eãX H$s AnZr n[a^mfm AbJ hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& BgH$m g§~§Y J{UV,Á`mo{Vf, Ý`m`, Xe©Z, agm`Z, m¡{VH$s, m§{ÌH$s Am{X d¡km{ZH$ m emór` {df`m| Ho$ gmW h¡ Ÿ&

1.6.4 nm[a^m{fH$ eãXm| Ho$ {d{eï> bjU :nm[a^m{fH$ eãXm| Ho$ {d{eï> bjU :nm[a^m{fH$ eãXm| Ho$ {d{eï> bjU :nm[a^m{fH$ eãXm| Ho$ {d{eï> bjU :nm[a^m{fH$ eãXm| Ho$ {d{eï> bjU :

1. A{^YmW© à`moJA{^YmW© à`moJA{^YmW© à`moJA{^YmW© à`moJA{^YmW© à`moJ : d¡km{ZH$ Am¡a VH$ZrH$s eãX h_oem A{^YmW© _| hr g_Po OmVoh¢ Ÿ& VH$ZrH$s eãX H$m EH$ {df` -joÌ _| EH$ VH$ZrH$s AW© hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg{bE H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$VH$ZrH$s eãX EH$ eãX EH$ AW© Ho$ {gÕm§V H$m AZwgaU H$aVm h¡ Ÿ&

50

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2. AW© H$s gyú_VmAW© H$s gyú_VmAW© H$s gyú_VmAW© H$s gyú_VmAW© H$s gyú_Vm : VH$ZrH$s eãX go Ho$db EH$ AW© ì`º$ Zht hmoVm ~pëH$ CggoAm¡a EH$ gyú_ AW© ^r àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& O¡go -O¡go VH$ZrH$s gmoM d g§H$ënZm _| n[a_mO©Z hmoVmOmVm h¡, d¡go -d¡go AW© ^r gyú_ go gyú_Va hmoVm OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

3. AW© ^oXH$VmAW© ^oXH$VmAW© ^oXH$VmAW© ^oXH$VmAW© ^oXH$Vm : VH$ZrH$s eãXm| Ho$ AW© Ho$ ^oX-Cn^oX ^r {dH${gV hmoVo ahVo h¢ Ÿ&AW© Ho$ oX - Cn^oXm| _| r gyú_ AW©^oX hmoVm h¡ Am¡a g~Ho$ {bE AbJ-AbJ VH$ZrH$s eãXm|H$m {dYmZ hmoVm h¡ Ÿ&

4. {df` gmnojVm {df` gmnojVm {df` gmnojVm {df` gmnojVm {df` gmnojVm : eãX AnZo g§~§{YV {df`-joÌ go hr VH$ZrH$s AW© Am¡a n[a^mfmàmá H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& n[a^mfm Ho$ Ûmam hr VH$ZrH$s eãX H$s AW©ì`m{á H$mo g_Pm Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ&

5. AW©-ê${‹T>VmAW©-ê${‹T>VmAW©-ê${‹T>VmAW©-ê${‹T>VmAW©-ê${‹T>Vm : Omo Z`m VH$ZrH$s AW©, eãX _| Amamo{nV {H$`m OmVm h¡, dh gVV²à`moJ Ho$ H$maU Cg eãX Ho$ gmW ê$‹T> hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a bmoJ Cgr AW© _| Cgr eãX H$mo J«hU H$aVoh¢ Ÿ&

1.6.5 nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr H$m _hËd :nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr H$m _hËd :nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr H$m _hËd :nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr H$m _hËd :nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr H$m _hËd :

1) EH$ g§H$ënZmEH$ g§H$ënZmEH$ g§H$ënZmEH$ g§H$ënZmEH$ g§H$ënZm : EH$ g§H$ënZm Ho$ {bE EH$ eãX H$m à`moJ hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& BgH$sà{H«$`m _| {H$gr "eãX' H$mo AnZm`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& AV: nm[a^m{fH$ eãX {H$gr Z {H$gr emó,{dkmZ, H$bm, Á`mo{Vf m kmZ-emñÌ go g§~§{YV h¡ Ÿ&

2) EH$ê$nVm EH$ê$nVm EH$ê$nVm EH$ê$nVm EH$ê$nVm : nm[a^m{fH$ eãXm| _| EH$ê$nVm hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& BgH$m g§~§Y EH$ hr dJ©,loUr `m {df` Ho$ gmW hmoVm h¡ {OgHo$ H$maU Bg_| gabVm Am¡a ~moYJå`Vm nmB© OmVr h¡ Ÿ&

3) g§{jáVm g§{jáVm g§{jáVm g§{jáVm g§{jáVm : nm[a^m{fH$ eãX EH$ eãX Ho$ `m _yb eãX Ho$ hmoVo h¢, AZoH$ eãXm| Ho$Zht Ÿ& eãXm| H$s aMZm g§[já hmo Am¡a gab ^r ; O¡go ~ma-~ma à wº$ hmoZo na H$moB© Agw{dYm Zhmo Ÿ&

4) {Z`VmW©Vm{Z`VmW©Vm{Z`VmW©Vm{Z`VmW©Vm{Z`VmW©Vm : nm[a^m{fH$ eãX H$m AW© {Z`V Am¡a {ZpíMV hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& `h AnZoAW© go Z A{YH$ AW© ì`º$ H$aVm h¡ Z H$_ Ÿ& Bg_| Z A{Vì`m{á Xmof hmoVm h¡ Z Aì`m{á Xmof Ÿ&Bg_| n[aewÕVm H$s Oê$aV h¡ ; Û`mW©H$Vm `m g§{X½YmW©Vm H$s Zht Ÿ&

5) H¥${Ì_VmH¥${Ì_VmH¥${Ì_VmH¥${Ì_VmH¥${Ì_Vm : nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr H¥${Ì_ hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& J«hU, AZwHy$bZ, g§M`Z Am¡a{Z_m©U à{H«$`mAm| Ûmam BgH$m {ZYm©aU hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma H$s eãXmdbr H$m {ZYm©aU ^mfm-{deofk H$aVo h¢, Omo eãXm| H$s {Z_m©U à{H«$`m Ho$ gmW-gmW VH$ZrH$s kmZ Ho$ r {deofk hmoVo h¢ Ÿ&H¥${Ì_Vm hoVw Bg_| gm_mÝ` eãXm| H$s Vah bMrbmnZ Zht hmoVm Ÿ&

51

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

1.6.6 nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr Ho$ {Z_m©U-{gÕm§V :nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr Ho$ {Z_m©U-{gÕm§V :nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr Ho$ {Z_m©U-{gÕm§V :nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr Ho$ {Z_m©U-{gÕm§V :nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr Ho$ {Z_m©U-{gÕm§V :

nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr Ho$ {Z_m©U {gÕm§V H$s à{H«$`m _ybV: VrZ àH$mjeW mes hmoVr h¡ :

1..... àË``m| go eãX {Z_m©U :àË``m| go eãX {Z_m©U :àË``m| go eãX {Z_m©U :àË``m| go eãX {Z_m©U :àË``m| go eãX {Z_m©U : àË`` eãX Ho$ A§V _| Ow‹S>Vm h¡ Ÿ& `h dh eãXm§eh¡ Omo nrN>o bJH$a {^Þ AW© XoZo dmbm Z`m eãX ~ZVm h¡ Ÿ& àË oH$ {dkmZ-emó _| Xmo à{H«$`mE±CnbãY h¢ : VÏ` H$mo ImoOZo H$s à{H«$`m Am¡a CgHo$ H$m © H$mo g_PZo H$s à{H«$`m Ÿ&

àË``m| go ~Zo Hw$N> nm[a^m{fH$ eãX -

_mn + Z = _mnZ = Measuring

nU + Z = nUZ = Marketing

joÌ + B©` = joÌr` = Regional

AnamY + B© = AnamYr = Offender

n§Or + AZ = n§Or`Z = Rigistration

2..... CngJm] go eãX {Z_m©U :CngJm] go eãX {Z_m©U :CngJm] go eãX {Z_m©U :CngJm] go eãX {Z_m©U :CngJm] go eãX {Z_m©U : CngJ© dh eãXm§e h¡ Omo {H$gr _yb eãX Ho$àma§^ _| Ow‹S>Vm h¡ d eãXmW© _| g§H$moM, {dñVma `m n[adV©Z H$a XoVm h¡ Ÿ& `h ^mfm H$s gmW©H$bKwV_ BH$mB© h¡ na BgH$m à`moJ ñdV§Ì ê$n go Zht hmoVm Ÿ&

CngJmª go ~Zo Hw$N> nm[a^m{fH$ eãX -

AZw+~ÝY = AZw~§Y -Annexure

à + ~ÝY =à~§Y -Management

{d + nÌ = {dnÌ =Bill

à + nÌ = ànÌ =Form

A{V + H«$_U = A{VH«$_U =Violation

n[a + nr‹S>Z = n[anr‹S>Z =Victimization

A{Y + amï´> =A{Yamï> =Soverign

3. g_mg -nÕ{V go eãX {Z_m©U :g_mg -nÕ{V go eãX {Z_m©U :g_mg -nÕ{V go eãX {Z_m©U :g_mg -nÕ{V go eãX {Z_m©U :g_mg -nÕ{V go eãX {Z_m©U : nm[a^m{fH$ eãXm| H$m {Z_m©U g_mgnÕ{V go ^r hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| Xmo eãXm| Ho$ `moJ go EH$ ZE mãX H$m {Z_m©U hmoVm h¡ Ÿ&

g_mg go ~Zo Hw$N> nm[a^m{fH$ eãX -

amÁ` + nmb =amÁ`nmb =Governor

52

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

~mOma +_yë` =~mOma_yë` =Market value

KmofUm + nÌ = KmofUmnÌ =Menifesto

~MV + ñH$s_ =~MV ñH$s_ =Saving Scheme

1.6.7 àemg{ZH$ eãXmdbr :àemg{ZH$ eãXmdbr :àemg{ZH$ eãXmdbr :àemg{ZH$ eãXmdbr :àemg{ZH$ eãXmdbr :

A.

Abate = Cne_Z H$aZm, H$_r hmoZm

Abbreviation = g§{j{á

Abdication = nXË`mJ

Ability = `mo½`Vm

Ab initio = Ama§^ go

Abnormal = Angm_mÝ`

Abolition = CÝ_ybZ

Above cited = D$na H${WV

Above mentioned = D$na {b{IV

Absentee Statement =AZwnpñW{V-{ddaU

Absorption = Am_obZ, AdemofU

Abstract = gma

Absurd = AW©hrZ, ~oVwH$m

Abuse = Xwén`moJ

Academic = AH$mX{_H$, e¡j{UH$

Acceptibility = ñdrH$m ©Vm

Access = nh±þM

Accessory = CngmYZ

Accomodation = Amdmg, {Zdm©h

Accompanist = g§JVH$ma

Accomplished = àdrU, gwg§§ñH¥$V

53

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Accordance = AZwê$nVm, g§J{V

Accordingly = VXZwgma

Account = boIm, ImVm {hgm~

Accountant = boImH$ma

Accretion = A{^d¥{Õ

Accuracy = `WmW©Vm, n[aewÕVm

Accusation = XmofmamonU, A{^`moJ

Achievement = CnbpãY

Acknowedge = nmdVr XoZm, àm{á ñdrH$ma

Acquaintance = n[aM`, n[a{MV

Acquittance = ^anmB©, wJVmZ

Action = H$ma©dmB©, {H«$`m

Adaptation = AZwHy$bZ, ê$nmÝVa

Addressee = ào{fVr, nmZo dmbm

Ad hoc = VXW©

Adjourn = ñW{JV H$aZm, H$m_ amoH$Zm

Adjustment = g_m`moOZ

Adulteration = {_bmdQ>, An[_lU

Aeronautical = d¡_m{ZH$

Affidavit = enWnÌ , hb\$Zm_m

Allotment = Am~§Q>Z

Ambiguous = g§{X½YmWu

Amnesty = gd©j_m

Analogous = gÑe, AZwê$n

Annuity = dm{f©H$s

Apathy = CXmgrZVm

Appraisal = _yë`{ZYm©aU, Am±H$Zm

54

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Approval = AZw_moXZ

Abritrator = _Ü`ñW, {ddmMH$

Assassination = hZZ, hË`m

Assignment = g_ZwXoeZ, gwnwX© H$m_

Attachment = g§b½ZH$, Hw$H$s©

Audit = boIm narjm

Authentication= à_mUrH$aU

Aversion = {dV¥îUm, {dé{M

Avoidable = dO©Zr`, n[ahm ©

Awakening = OmJaU, OmJ¥{V

Awkward = ^Ôm

Axiom = ñd §{g{Õ

B.

Back reference = {nN>bm g§X ©

Back log = {nN>bm ~H$m`m

Baggage = Ag~m~

Balanced budget = g§Vw{bV ~OQ>

Bankruptcy = {Xdm{b`mnZ

Bar Council = {d{Yk n[afX

Bequest = dgr`V

Bibliography = JǤW- gyMr

Biography = peerJeveer

Bilateral = {Ûnjr`

Blockade = ZmH$m~§Xr

Board of directors = {ZXoeH$ _§S>b

Bonafide = dmñV{dH$, gX² md

55

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Boycott = ~{hîH$ma

Breach of agreement = H$ama- §J

Bureaucrat = A{YH$mar, XâVaemh

By instalment = {H$ñVm| _|

C.

Calculation = n[aH$bZ

Cancellation = aÔH$aU

Cash balance = amoH$‹S> ~mH$s

Cash down = EH$_wíV ZH$X

Casual = AmH$pñ_H$

Categorical = gwñnï>

Censure motion = n[a{ZÝXm àñVmd

Central excise = Ho$ÝÐr` CËnmX ewëH$

Certification = à_mUrH$aU

Charitable = Y_m©W©, I¡amVr

Chronological = H$mbH«$_

Circular = n[anÌ

Claimant = XmdoXma

Clarification = ñnï>>rH$aU

Coalition government = JR>~§YZ gaH$ma

Code of conduct = AmMma g§{hVm

Cognizable = g§ko

Collusion = Xwa{^g§{Y

Commensurate = AZwê$n

Condemn = AZwn`moJr Kmo{fV H$aZm

Condolence = g§doXZm, emoH$

56

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Confiscation = A{YhaU, OãVr

Consolidated pay = g_o{H$V doVZ

Contigency = g§ mì` pñW{V, AmH$pñ_H$Vm

Contraband = {d{Z{fÕ

Conversant = AdJV, n[a{MV

Corroboration = g§nw{ï>

Counterfoil = à{VnU©, AYnÞm

Countersign = à{VhñVmja H$aZm

Courtsey = gm¡OÝ`, {eîQ>mMma

Credibility = {dídgZr`Vm, gmI

Cremation = Xmh g§ñH$ma

Crisis = g§H$Q>

Cross examination = à{Vnarjm

Crucial date = {ZUm© H$ {V{W

Cumulative = g§M`r

Custodian = A{^ajH$

Customary = ê${‹T>JV, àWmJV

Cut motion = H$Q>m¡Vr àñVmd

Cycle = MH«$

D.

Data analysis = AmYma gm_J«r {díbofU

Dead line = g_` gr_m

Death-cum-retirement gratuity = _¥Ë w-gh -{Zd¥{Îm CnXmZ

Decentralization = {dH|$ÐrH$aU _X

Decontrol = {d{Z §ÌU

Defamation = _mZhm{Z

57

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Deferrred expenditure = AmñW{JV ì``

Delimitation = n[agr_Z

Demy Official = AY©-emgH$s`

De novo = ZE {gao go

Deponent = A{^gmjr

Depreciation = _yë`õmg, Adj`

Dereservation = {d-AmajU

Detenu = ZOa~§X, {ZéÕ ì`{º$

Devaluation = Ad_yë`Z

Dilemma = Xw{dYm

Disapproval = AZw_moXZ

Disciplinary action = AZwemg{ZH$ H$ma©dmB©

Discrimination = {d oX, oX^md

Dismissal = nXÀ w{V, ~aImñVJr

Diversification = {d{dYrH$aU

Documentation = àboIrH$aU, àboIZ

Drawee = AXmH$Vm©

Duplicating = AZw{b{nH$aU

Dying statement = _¥Ë wH$m{bH$ ~`mZ

E.

Earliest possible = `WmerK«

Earned leave = A{O©V AdH$me, A{O©V Nw>Å>r

Editorial = gånmXH$s`

Ejectment = ~oXIbr

Eligibility list = nmÌVm gyMr

Elucidation = {deXrH$aU

58

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Emigrant = CËàdmgr

Emoluments = n[abpãY`m±

Empowerment = ge{º$H$aU

Enactment = A{Y{Z`_Z

Endorse = 1. n¥ð>m§H$Z H$aZm, ~oMmZ H$aZm, ghr H$aZm,

2. g_W©Z H$aZm

Enlistment = ^Vu gyMr`Z

Entitlement = hH$Xmar

Equivocal = Û`W©H$

Errors and omissions = ybMyH$

Evacuation = {ZîH«$_U

Eviction = ~oXIbr

Ex cadre post = g§dJ©~mø nX, H$mS>a~mø nX

Exclusive agreement = AZÝ` H$ama

Exemplry punishment = MoVmdZrnyU© X§S>

Exigency = VmËH$m{bH$ Amdí`H$Vm

Ex-Officio = nXoZ

Exparte = EH$njr`

Ex post facto = H$m`m}Îma

External auditor = ~mø boIm narjH$

Extortion = CÔmnZ (YZ), E|R>Zm

Extrovert = ~{h_w©Ir

F.

Factionalism = JwQ>>~§Yr JwQ>dmX

Fallacious argument = gXmof VH©$, «m_H$ VH©$, «m_H$ ~hg

Fatigue = lm§{V, WH$mZ

59

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Falicitate = ~YmB© XoZm

Finance bill = {dÎm {dYo H$

First in first out = n«W_ AmdH$ àW_ OmdH$

Fiscal = amOH$mofr`

Floating capital = ßbd_mZ ny±Or

Foeticide = J ©Zmer, J ©Zme

Forfile = Vm-C_«, OrdZn ©ÝV, AmOrdZ

Fortnightly report = nm{jH$ [anmoQ>©

Franchise = _Vm{YH$ma, Zm_m{YH$ma

Freight = ^m‹S>m, _mb

Fundamentalism = H$Å>admX

G .

Gazette notification = amOn{ÌV A{YgyMZm

Glaring disparity = Kmoa Ag_mZVm

Gradation = 1. loUrH$aU, 2. nXH«$_

Graphologist = bo{I_{dkmZr

Grievous = Kmoa, J§ ra

Guard of honour = gå_mZ JmaX, g¡{ZH$ gbm_r

Guiding principles = _mJ©Xeu {gÕm§V

H .

Hard and fast rules = nŠHo${Z`_

Hazardous occupation =g§H$Q>nyU© H$m_, g§H$Q>nyU© Y§Ym

Hearse van = eddmhZ$

Hierarchy = 1. nX gmonmZ, CËH«$_, 2. Y_©gÎmm

Highpower committee = Cƒm{YH$ma g{_{V

60

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Hiring and firing = aIZm, {ZH$mbZm

Hoarding = 1. O_mImoar, 2. {dkmnZ nQ²>Q>, 3. g§b½Z, g§~Õ

Homicide = _mZddY

Honorary = _mZX, Ad¡V{ZH$

Horizontal communication = g_ñVar` g§àofU

Human resource management = _mZd g§gmYZ à~§YZ

Hypothecation = _mb~§YZ, AmS>_mZ ({d{Y)

I .

Ignorance of law = H$mZyZ H$s AZ{^kVm, {d{Y H$s AZ{^kVm

Illegal immigrants = Ad¡Y Amàdmgr

Illegitimate action = Ad¡Y H$ma©dmB©

Immigrants = Amàdmgr

Immunity = 1. CÝ_w{º$, =2 à{Vajm

Impeachment = _hm{^`moJ

Impounding authority = n[a~§YZ àm{YH$mar

Imputation = Aä`mamonU, bm§N>Z

Incongnito = 1. AkmZ, 2. Jwá ê$n go

Incongruous = Ag§JV ~oVwH$m

Indemnification = j{VnyaU

Indispensible = An[ahm ©

Inequity = Ag_Vm

Inflation = 1. ñ\$s{V, 2. _wÐmñ\$s{V

Infructuous = {Zî\$b

Insignia = A{Y{MÝh

Inter alia = Ho$ gmW-gmW

Interim grant = A§V[a_ AZwXmZ

61

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Internship = A§V:{ejwVm

Invalidation = A_mÝ`H$aU

Invogue = àM{bV

Ipso facto = ñd`_od

Ipso jure = {d{YV:

Irrevocable = AQ>b

Itinerary = `mÌmH«$_

J.

Joint attestation = g§ wº$ AZwà_mUZ

Judicial = Ý`m{`H$, AXmbVr

Justifiable = 1. Ý`m`mo{MV, 2. g_W©Zr`

Juvenile delinquency = {H$emoa AnamYd¥{Îm, {H$emoa AnMm[aVm

K.

Knock off = H$m_ amoH$Zm

Knowledgeable = gw{dk, OmZH$ma

L .

Labour legislation = l_{dYmZ

Land settlement = ~ÝXmo~ñV, yì`dñWmnZ

Laudable = àe§gZr`

Leave with pay = gdoVZ Nw>Å>r, d¡V{ZH$ Nw>Å>r

Legacy = [aŠW, dgr`V -g§nXm ({d{Y)

Levy = CXJ«hU, CJmhr

Lien = {b`Z, nwZJ«hUm{YH$ma, YmaUm{YH$ma

Livelihood = Or{dH$m

62

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Lockout = Vmbm~§Xr

Locus standi = A{YpñW{V (bmoH$g ñQ>¢S>mB©);

Lumpsum = BH$_wíV, EH$_wíV, EH$ am{e

M.

Maintenance allowance = aU -nmofU Îmm

Malnutrition = Hw$nmofU

Mandate = 1. A{YXoe, 2. Amkm

Manifesto = KmofUm nÌ

Martyr = hþVmË_m, ehrX

Mascot = ew §H$a

Mentor = {hV¡fr, {hVy

Midwifery = àgy{V {dÚm

Militia = 1. {_{b{e`m, 2. ZmJ[aH$ goZm

Misappropriation = Xw{d©{Z`moOZ

Momentum = g§doJ

Moratorium = A{YñWJZ, A{YñWJZ H$mb

Mourning = emoH$, _mV_

Myth = {_WH$

N.

Narcotic = ñdmnH$, _mXH$ Ðì`

Net investment = {Zdb {Zdoe

Neutrality = VQ>ñWVm

No-claim bonus = AXmdr Ny>Q>

Non executive = J¡a H$m ©nmbH$

Non voted = AXÎm_V

63

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Noting and drafting = {Q>ßnU Am¡a _gm¡Xm boIZ

Nullify = ~m{Vb H$aZm, AH¥$V H$aZm

O.

Officiating = ñWmZmnÞ

Ombudsman = bmoH$nmb, Am°å~S²>g_oZ

Oral admission = _m¡{IH$ A{^ñdrH¥${V

Ordinance = AÜ`mXoe

Orphanage = AZmWmb`

Overhauling = 1. nyar Om§M, 2. nyar _aå_V, Amoda Am°b

Owning authority = ñdm_r àm{YH$mar, _m{bH$ àm{YH$mar

P.

Pack animal = ^madmhr new

Paradigm = ê$nmdbr

Paradox = {damoYm^mg

Pari passu = Ho$ gmW - gmW, g_mZ J{V go, g_ê$n

Paternity leave = {nV¥Ëd AdH$me

Per capita income = à{V ì`{º$Am`

Perennial = 1. ~mah_mgr, 2, {MañWm`r

Performance appraisal = {ZînmXZ _yë`m§H$Z, _yë`{Zê$nU

Perjury = enW §J, Py>R>r Jdmhr, enW na {_Ï`m gmú`

Perpetuity = emídVVm, emídVH$mb

Persuasion = 1. g_PmZm -~wPmZm, _ZmZm, 2. AZwZ`

Plebiscite = OZ_V -g§J«h

Plenipotentiary = nyUm©{YH$mar

Polygamy = ~hþ{ddmh (àWm)

64

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Post facto sanction = H$m`m}Îma _§Oyar

Preamble = CÔo{eH$m

Pre investment survey = {Zdoenyd© gd}jU

Profile = g§{já {ddaU, àmo\$mBb

Projectionist = àjonH$

Pro- rata = `WmZwnmV

Protocol = Z`mMma, àmoQ>moH$m°b

Provisio = na§VwH$, eV©

Punitive = X§S>mË_H$

Put in abeyence = àmñW{JV H$aZm

Q.

Quadruplicate = 1. Mm¡hg, 2. Mma à{V`m±, 3. Mm¡Wr à{V

Quantum = à_mÌm, _mÌm

Quash = A{^I§{S>V H$aZm, _§gyI H$aZm

Quorum = H$moa_, JUny{V©

Quote = 1. CÕ¥V H$aZm, 2. Xa ~VmZm

R .

Racial discrimination = àOm{V oX

Random = 1. `mÑpÀN>H$, 2. gm§ mo{JH$, 3. A{Z`{_{V

Rank and file = OZgmYmaU

Rationalization= wº$sH$aU, Am¡{MË` -ñWmnZ

Recapitulation = gmaH$WZ

Reciprocity = AÝ`moÝ`Vm, nmañn[aH$Vm

Reconciliation = 1. g_mYmZ, 2. _ob {_bmn

Redemption of debt = F$U _moMZ

65

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Redressal = {ZdmaU

Redundant = AZmdí`H$

Regional imbalance = àmXo{eH$ Ag§VwbZ

Reimbursment = à{Vny{V©

Relief and rehabilitation = ghm`Vm Am¡a nwZdm©g

Remission of revenue = amOñd n[ahma, amOñd H$s _m\$s

Repeal = {ZagZ, {ZañV H$aZm

Repudiation = {ZamH$aU

Reshuffle = \$oa~Xb

Restoration = 1. nwZ: ñWmnZ, 2. OrUm}Õma

Retrospective = nyd©ì`mnr, yVbjr

Revised budget estimate = n[aemo{YV ~OQ> àmŠH$bZ,

g§emo{YV ~OQ> àmŠH$bZ

Revocation = à{Vg§haU

Rolling plan = àdmhr moOZm

Rustication = {d{ZîH$mgZ

S.

Sabotage = Vmo‹S>-_mo‹S>, A§VÜdªg

Salrage = 1. «§e CÕma, CÕmaU, 2. H$~m‹S>, 3. CÕmaU -nwañH$ma

Sanction = g§ñdrH¥$V, _§Oyar

Sandwich course= _Ü`dVu nmR²>`H«$_, g¢S>{dM H$mog©

Scrap value = aÔr _yë`, H$~m‹S> _yë`

Scrutinizer = g§drjH$

Sediton = amOÐmoh

Self -appraisal (Self assessment) = ñd § {Zê$nU (ñd_yë`m§H$Z)

Sine die = A{ZpíMV H$mb Ho$ {bE

66

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Sojourn = AdñWmZ, {dam_

Solemnly = gË`{Zð>mnyd©H$, gË`{Zð>m go

Solvent = N>Q>mB©

Starred question = Vmam§{H$V àíZ

Statistical = gm§{»`H$s`

Status quo = `Wmnyd© pñW{V

Sterility = ~§Ü`Vm, {Zî\$bVm

Stringency = 1. H$R>moaVm, H$‹S>mnZ, 2. V§Jr

Subsidy = ghm{`H$s, B_XmX

Suffrage = _Vm{YH$ma

Superannuation charges = A{Yd{f©Vm

Swearing -in -ceremony = enW J«hU g_mamoh

Synopsis = 1,. ê$naoIm, 2. {df` g§jon, gma g§jon

T.

Tabulated statement = gmaUr~Õ {ddaU

Tampering = 1. hoa- \o$a H$aZm, J‹S>~‹S> H$aZm, 2. {~Jm‹S>Zm,

3. Vmo‹S>Zm (gmú` H$mo)

Tangible = _yV©

Tariff = 1. àewëH$, Q>¡[a\$, 2. XagyMr

Taxable = H$a`mo½`

Tax - exemption = H$a Ny>Q>

Technological = àm¡Úmo{JH$

Temptation = àbmo Z

Tenancy = 1. {H$amEXmar, 2. H$míVH$mar, A{^Y¥{V ({d{Y)

Tenure = 1. Ad{Y, H$m`m©b`, 2. nÅ>m, yY¥{V

Terminable = g_mnZr`, g_mß`

67

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Terminology = eãXmdbr

Terms and conditions = {Z~§YZ Am¡a eV]

Testament = dgr`V

Testimonial = e§gmnÌ

Therapy = {M{H$Ëgm

Thumb impression = A§JyR>m {ZemZ, A§JyR>m {MÝh

Time bound = g_` ~Õ

Time schedule = g_` AZwgyMr

Tool downstrike = Am¡Oma~§X, h‹S>Vmb

Top level decision = erf©ñW {ZU©

Trade delegation = ì`mnma à{V{Z{Y _§S>b

Traitor = XoeÐmohr JÔma

Transaction = 1. g§MmbZ, 2. gm¡Xm, boZ-XoZ

Transcription = 1. à{VboIZ, 2. AZwboIZ, 3. {bß §H$Z

Transfer memorandum = ñWmZmbVaU kmnZ

Transit = g§H«$_U, nmaJ_Z, nmadhZ

Treasury = IOmZm

Triennial = Ì¡dm{f©H$

Typographical error = _wÐU yb, Q>§H$U yb

U.

Ulterior = 1, Jy‹T>>, Jwá, 2. naVa

Ultimatum = A§{V_ CÔoí`

Unanimity = _V¡Š`, gd©gå_{V

Unanimous = EH$_V, gd©gå_V

Under signed = AYmohñVmjar

Unicameral = EH$gX_r

68

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Unification = EH$sH$aU

Unparliamentary = 1. Ag§gXr`, 2. A{eîQ>

Unutilized grant = Aà wº$ AZwXmZ

Up to date = AX² VZ

Urbanization = ZJarH$aU

User = Cn`moJH$Vm©, Cn^moº$m

V.

Vaccination = Q>rH$m, Q>rH$mH$aU

Valedictory function = {dXmB© g_mamoh, g_mnZ g_mamoh

Veracity = gË`dm{XVm, gË`naH$Vm

Verbatism = eãXe:

Verdict = A{Y_V

Verification = gË`mnZ

Violation = A{VH«$_U

Visual display = Ñí` n«Xe©

Vivid = gwñnï>

Voluntary = ñd¡pÀN>H$

Vulgar = A{eï>, A^Ð

Vulnerable = gw oÚ

W.

Wage incentive = _OXyar àmoËgmhZ

Walk in interviw = àdoe gmjmËH$ma

Ways and means = AWm}nm`

Well -versed = gwàdrU

Withstand = ghZ H$aZm

69

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Workmanship = H$_© H$m¡eb

Wrapping paper = bnoQ>Z H$mJO

Wrongdoer = XmofH$Vm©

X.

X- ray EŠg -{H$aU, EŠg ao

Y.

Yardstick = _mZX§S>

Yearbook = dm{f©H$s, AãXH$moe

Youth training scheme = wdm à{ejU moOZm

Z.

Zero hour = eyÝ`H$mb

Zonal = Am§M{bH$, OmoZb

Zoological survey = àm{U -gd}jU

dmŠ`m§e Am¡a A{^ì`{º$`m± :dmŠ`m§e Am¡a A{^ì`{º$`m± :dmŠ`m§e Am¡a A{^ì`{º$`m± :dmŠ`m§e Am¡a A{^ì`{º$`m± :dmŠ`m§e Am¡a A{^ì`{º$`m± :

A.

Above mentioned = Cn w©º$

Acceptance is awaited = ñdrH¥${V H$s àVrjm h¡

According to convenience = gw{dYmZwgma

Acknowledgememt is awaited = nmdVr H$s àVrjm h¡

Action at once please = H¥$n`m \$m¡aZ H$ma©dmB© H$a|

Adjournment is not likely to be = Bg ~ma ñWJZ H$s _§Oyar

{_bZo H$s g§ mdZm Zht

After consultation with = go nam_e© H$aHo$

70

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Agenda is sent herewith = H$m ©gyMr gmW oOr Om ahr h¡ Ÿ

Alphabetical list = dU©H«$_ gyMr

Amendment of rules = {Z`_m| H$m g§emoYZ, {Z`_ g§emoYZ

Approrved as proposed = `Wm àñVmd AZw_mo{XV

As an exceptional case = AndmX Ho$ ê$n _|

As far as permissible = Ohm± VH$ AZwko` hmo

As recommended by = H$s {g\$m[ae Ho$ AZwgma

Attention is invited to = H$s Amoa Ü`mZ AmH${f©V {H$`m OmVm h¡

Authorised and revised = àm{YH¥$V Am¡a g§emo{YV

B.

Balance at cradit = O_mImVo eof

Benefit of additional pension = A{V[aº$ n|eZ {hVbm^

Bill of payment = wJVmZ {~b

By special messenger = {deof g§XoedmhH$ Ûmam

C.

Case is resubmitted as - nyd© n¥ð> na {ZXo©emZwgma -

directed on prepage = _m_bm nwZ: àñVwV h¡

Commutation of pension = n|eZ H$m g§am{eH$aU

Consolidation of pension = n|eZ H$m g_oH$Z

Copy enclosed = à{V{b{n g§b½Z h¡

D.

Decategorisation = AdJuH¥$V, Al¡Ur~Õ

Delay in disposal of pension = n|eZ {ZnQ>mZ _| {dbå~

Deputation of Officers on-short term conrtact = AënH$m{bH$ g§[d§Xm na -

A{YH$m[a`m| H$s à{V{Z`w{º$

71

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Discrimination = {d oX, oX^md

Draft for approval = AZw_moXZmW© àmê$n, AZw_moXZmW© _gm¡Xm

Duly complied = {d{YdV nmbZ {H$`m J`m

E.

Early orders are solicited = erK« AmXoe XoZo H$m AZwJ«h H$a|

Erroneous grant of pension = n|eZ H$s JbV ñdrH¥${V

Exigencies of admimistrative work = àemg{ZH$ H$m © H$s -

VmËH$m{bH $ Amdí`H$VmE±

Ex -parte judgement = EH$ njr` {ZU©

Expedite action = H$ma©dmB© erK« H$a|, H$ma©dmB© _| erK«Vm H$a|

F.

Facts of the case of service = Zm¡H$ar Ho$ _m_bo Ho$ VÏ`

Follow up action = AZwdVu H$a©dmB©

For comments = {Q>ßnUr Ho$ {bE

For early compliance = erK« AZwnmbZ Ho$ {bE

For sympathetic consideration = ghmZw y{VnyU© {dMma Ho$ {bE

Furnishing of documents = XñVmdoO noe H$aZm

G.

Get clarification of the Staff concerned = g§~§{YV H$_©Mm[a`m| go ñnï>rH$aU -_m§Jm OmE

Gradation of confidential reports = JmonZr` [anmoQ>m] H$m H$mo{Q>H$aU

72

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

H.

Having regard to = Ü`mZ _| aIVo hþE, Ü`mZ _| aIH$a

Highly objectionable = AË §V Amn{ÎmOZH$

I.

Illegal transanction = Ad¡Y gm¡Xo

In acknowledging receipt of = H$s nmdVr oOVo hþE

In anticipation of your approval = AmnHo$ AZw_moXZ H$s àË`mem _|

In contravention of = H$m Cëb§KZ H$aVo hþE

In full and final payment = Hw$b Am¡a MwH$Vm wJVmZ

In order of merit = JwUmZwH«$_ go

In partial modification of = H$m Am§{eH$ AemoYZ H$aVo hþE

Inspection after exeution = {ZînmXZ Ho$ ~mX {ZarjU

In the order of Seniority = d[að>Vm H«$_ _|

Is adjourned sine die = A{ZpíMV H$mb Ho$ {bE ñW{JV

J.

Justification has been accepted = Am¡{MË` ñdrH$ma H$a {b`m J`m h¡

K.

Kindly expedite disposal = H¥$n`m erK« {ZnQ>mZ H$a|

Knock down price = Zrbm_r H$s_V

L.

Leave preparatory-of retirement = godm{Zd¥{ÎmnyU© Nw>Å>r

Letter of acknowledgment = nmdVr

Liable to desciplinary action = AZwemg{ZH$ H$ma©dmB© H$s Om gH$Vr h¡

73

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Low income group = {ZåZ Am`-dJ©

M.

Maximum admissible pension = A{YH$V_ AZw_o n|eZ

May be passed for payment = wJVmZ Ho$ {bE nmg H$a|

Memorandum of objection = 1. Amn{Îm -kmnZ, 2. Amjon H$m kmnZ ({d{Y)

N.

Negotiated contract = ~mVMrV go V` {H$`m J`m R>oH$m, dmVm©V` g§{dXm

Non-cognizable Offence = Ag§ko AnamY

Non-encumberence certificate = ^ma_w{º$ à_mU nÌ

Notwithstanding anything to -

the contrary = {H$gr à{VHy$b ~mV Ho$ hmoVo hþE ^r

O.

Obligation to give information = gyMZm XoZo H$m Xm{`Ëd, gyMZm XoZo H$s ~mÜ`Vm

On humanitarian grounds = _mZdr` AmYma na

On probation = n[adrjmYrZ

On the expiry of crucial date = [ZUm© H$ VmarI H$s g_m{á na

Out of turn allotment = {~Z ~mar Am~§Q>Z

P.

Payable amount of pension = n|eZ H$s Xo am{e

Pensionary liability = n|eZ g§~§Yr Xo Vm

Please discuss = MMm© H$s{OE

Presumptive rate of pay = àH$pënV doVZ H$s Xa

Pro rata rate of pension = n|eZ H$s `Wm AZwnmV Xa

74

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Q.

Quota alloted for staff = ñQ>m\$ Ho$ {b o {ZYm©[aV H$moQ>m

R.

Reasons for delay be explained = Xoar/ {db§~ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ~VmE OmE±

Reluctant to do = H$aZo H$mo A{ZÀNw>H$

Repairable equipment = _aå_V `mo½` CnñH$a

Resubmitted as desired = `Wmnojm nwZ: àñVwV h¡

S.

Secret instructions issued = Jwá AZwXoe Omar {H$E JE h¡

Self explanatory = ñdV:ñnï>

Status quo = `Wmnyd© pñW{V

Subject tothe provisions of = Ho$ àmdYmZm| Ho$ AYrZ

T.

This is not admissible under the rules = `h dV©_mZ {Z`_m| Ho$

AYrZ ñdrH$m © Zht h¡

To adjourn sine die = A{ZpíMV H$mb Ho$ {bE ñW{JV H$aZm

To the point = {df`mZwHy$b, gwg§JV, àmg§{JH$

U.

Unauthorised action = Aàm{YH¥$V H$ma©dmB©

Under mentioned = {ZåZ{b{IV

Under suspension = {Zb§~ZmYrZ

75

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

V.

Verified and found correct = n‹S>Vmb H$s Am¡a R>rH$ nm`m

W.

Week ending = gámhmÝV

Will be dealt severily = H$‹S>r H$ma©dmB© H$s OmEJr

Without assigning any reason = {~Zm H$moB© H$maU ~VmE

With retrospective effect = nyd©ì`mnr à^md g{hV, yVbjr à^md g{hV

Y.

yours faithfully = ^dXr`, dXr`m

76

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

ŸàíZmdbrŸàíZmdbrŸàíZmdbrŸàíZmdbrŸàíZmdbr

`y{ZQ>`y{ZQ>`y{ZQ>`y{ZQ>`y{ZQ> 1.1

{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :

1. "àmê$nU' Š`m h¡ ? BgH$s àUmbr VWm AZwXoem| na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

2. àmê$nU Ho$ AW© ~VmVo hþE BgHo$ {gÕm§Vm| H$s MMm© H$s{OE Ÿ&

3. àmê$n boIZ Ho$ à_wI joÌm| H$mo gmoXmhaU g_PmBE Ÿ&

g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :

1. àmê$nU H$s ê$naoIm àñVwV H$s{OE Ÿ&

2. àmê$nU H$m AW© ~VmBE Ÿ&

3. EH$ H$m`m©b` AmXoe AWdm H$m`m©b` kmnZ H$m Z_yZm àñVwV H$s{OE Ÿ&

4. "g§H$ën' `m àog{dk{á H$m Z_yZm àñVwV H$s{OE Ÿ&

5. EH$ ñ_aU nÌ AWdm ñdrH¥${V nÌ {b{IE Ÿ&

`y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> 1.2

{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :

1. {Q>ßnUr Ho$ ñdê$n ~VmVo hþE BgHo$ {gÕm§Vmo§ na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

2. "{Q>ßnUr' Ho$ AW© Am¡a àH$mam| H$mo g_PmBE Ÿ&

3. "{Q>ßnUr' H$m AW© ñnï> H$s{OE Ÿ&

"{Q>ßnUr' {bIZo Ho$ g_` Amn {H$Z ~mVm| na Ü`mZ X|Jo ?

4. EH$ H$m`m©b` Ho$ H$_©Mmar g§Ord d_m© Ho$ {Ibm\$ AZwemgZ Cëb§KZ H$aZo H$sgyMZm {_br h¡ Ÿ& Bg g§X © _| ñnï>rH$aU _m§JZo Ho$ {bE EH$ {Q>ßnUr àñVwVH$s{OE Ÿ&

5. {H$gr {df` na Amn EH$ {Q>ßnUr {b{IE Ÿ&

77

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

`y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> 1.3

{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :

1. "g§jonU'. H$m AW© ñnï> H$aVo hþE BgH$s {deofVmAm| na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

2. "g§jonU'. Š`m h¡ ? BgHo$ àH$mam| H$mo g_PmBE Ÿ&

3. "g§jonU'. H$m AW© Š`m h¡ ? BgHo$ {Z`_ Am¡a _hËd na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

4. "g§jonU'.H$aZo Ho$ g_` {H$Z {Z`_m| na Ü`mZ XoZm Amdí`H$ h¡ ?

5. "g§jonU' Ho$ _hËd na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :

{Q>ßnUr {b{IE :{Q>ßnUr {b{IE :{Q>ßnUr {b{IE :{Q>ßnUr {b{IE :{Q>ßnUr {b{IE :

1. àdmh_mZ g§jonU.

2. ñdV: nyU© g§jonU.

3. g§jonU. H$s {deofVmE±

4. g§jonU. H$m EH$ àmê$n

`y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> 1.4

{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :

1. nëbdZ {H$go H$hVo h¢ ? Bgo gmoXmhaU g_PmBE Ÿ&

2. nëbdZ H$m AW© ~VmVo hþE BgHo$ {Z`_m| na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

3. nëbdZ H$s gmdYm{Z`m| na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

4. nëbdZ H$m AW© Am¡a _hËd H$m {ddoMZ H$s{OE Ÿ&

{Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :

1. nëbdZ H$m AW©

2. nëbdZ H$s {deofVmE±

3. nëbdZ Ho$ {Z`_

4. i) ""{dXoer mfm H$m N>mÌ hmoZm ~wam Zht, na AnZr mfm gdmo©n[a

ii) "" AnZr H$aZr nma CVaZr''

78

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

`y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> 1.5

{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE : {ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE : {ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE : {ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE : {ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :

1. "nÌ-boIZ' go Amn Š`m g_PVo h¢ ? EH$ AÀN>o nÌ H$s Š`m {deofVmE± hmoVr h¢ ?g_PmBE Ÿ&

2. nÌm| Ho$ àH$mam| H$mo gmoXmhaU g_PmBE Ÿ&

3. nÌ boIZ H$m AW© ~VmH$a EH$ gaH$mar Am¡a EH$ AÕ© gaH$mar nÌ àñVwV H$s{OE Ÿ&

4. nÌ _| {H$VZo ^mJ hmoVo h¢ ? BZH$s ê$naoIm àñVwV H$s{OE Ÿ&

5. gaH$mar nÌ Am¡a AÕ© gaH$mar nÌ _| Š`m A§Va h¡ ? AÕ© gaH$mar H$m EH$ Z_yZmàñVwV H$s{OE Ÿ&

{Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :

1. EH$ ì`mnm[aH$ nÌ H$m Z_yZm

2. EH$ AmdoXZ nÌ

3. EH$ {Z_§ÌU nÌ

`y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> 1.6

{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :

1.. "nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr' H$m VmËn © g_PmBE Ÿ& BgHo$ ñdê$n na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

2. nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr H$s n[a^mfmE± {bIH$a BgHo$ {Z_m©U {gÕm§Vm| H$m {ddoMZH$s{OE Ÿ&

3. nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr _| {Z_m©U à{H«$`m H$m dU©Z H$s{OE Ÿ&

4. nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr Ho$ AW© Am¡a _hËd na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

5. nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr _| AZoH$ê$nVm h¡, BgHo$ H$maU ~VmBE Ÿ&

6. nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr H$s nm§M n[a^mfmE± {b{IE Ÿ&

7. {ZåZ{b{IV nm[a^m{fH$ eãXm| _| go {H$Ýht$ 5 qhXr /$ 5 A§J«oOr AW© {b{IE :

(addresse, alicnation, bibliograpy, empowerment, ordinance, nullify, perjury,

reca pitulation, reimbursement, solemny, transit, up to date,)

`Wmnyd© pñW{V, VQ>ñWVm, {damoYm^mg, AXmH$Vm©, An«dmgr, Ad_yë`Z, g_ZwXoeZ,n[ahm ©, dgr`V, ~oXIbr, g_mß` Ÿ&

-----

79

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

UNIT - II

2.0 qhXr Ho$ {d{dY ê$nqhXr Ho$ {d{dY ê$nqhXr Ho$ {d{dY ê$nqhXr Ho$ {d{dY ê$nqhXr Ho$ {d{dY ê$n

2.1 amO^mfmamO^mfmamO^mfmamO^mfmamO^mfm

2.2 amï´ >^mfmamï´ >^mfmamï´ >^mfmamï´ >^mfmamï´ >^mfm

2.3 g§Mma^mfmg§Mma^mfmg§Mma^mfmg§Mma^mfmg§Mma^mfm

2.4 H$mì`^mfmH$mì`^mfmH$mì`^mfmH$mì`^mfmH$mì`^mfm

80

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

UNIT - II

qhXr Ho$ {d{dY ê$nqhXr Ho$ {d{dY ê$nqhXr Ho$ {d{dY ê$nqhXr Ho$ {d{dY ê$nqhXr Ho$ {d{dY ê$n

2.1 amO^mfm :amO^mfm :amO^mfm :amO^mfm :amO^mfm :

2.1.1 àñVmdZm :àñVmdZm :àñVmdZm :àñVmdZm :àñVmdZm :

^maV EH$ ~hþ mfr Xoe h¡ Ÿ& hm± qhXr ~hþV nhbo go g§nH©$ mfm Ho$ ê$n _| à wº$ hmoVr Amahr h¡ Ÿ& AÝ` mfmAm| H$s VwbZm _| qhXr ~mobZo VWm g_PZo dmbm| H$s g§»`m A{YH$ h¡ Ÿ& Bg{bEg§{dYmZ Ho$ ~mX 26 OZdar1950 H$mo ^maVr` g§{dYmZ bmJy hþA m Am¡a qhXr H$mo gaH$marH$m_H$mO H$s ^mfm AWm©V² "amO^mfm' Ho$ ê$n _| J«hU {H$`m J`m Ÿ&

2.1.3 amO^mfm H$m AW© : amO^mfm H$m AW© : amO^mfm H$m AW© : amO^mfm H$m AW© : amO^mfm H$m AW© :

"amO^mfm' `mZr amOH$s` ^mfm `m gaH$mar H$m_H$mO H$s ^mfm Ÿ& `h ^mfm h¡ {OgH$mà`moJ Xoe _| emgZ ì`dñWm Ho$ {bE {H$`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& amO^mfm hr g§nH©$ mfm Ho$ ê$n _| ~hþ m{fH$amï´> _| ^mfmB© g§~§Y H$mo _O~yV H$aVr h¡ Ÿ& qhXr ^mfm hr ^maV _| {d{^Þ ^mfmE± ~mobZodmbm| H$mg§nH©$-gyÌ h¡ Ÿ& Bg{bE Bgo amO^mfm H$s _mÝ`Vm {_br h¡ Ÿ&

2.1.4 amO^mfm Ho$ à`moJ joÌ : amO^mfm Ho$ à`moJ joÌ : amO^mfm Ho$ à`moJ joÌ : amO^mfm Ho$ à`moJ joÌ : amO^mfm Ho$ à`moJ joÌ :

amO^mfm Ho$ à`moJ Ho$ VrZ joÌ h¢ :

H$) {dYm{`H$m

I) H$m ©nm{bH$m

J) Ý`m`nm{bH$m

H$) {dYm{`H$m _| amO^mfm :H$) {dYm{`H$m _| amO^mfm :H$) {dYm{`H$m _| amO^mfm :H$) {dYm{`H$m _| amO^mfm :H$) {dYm{`H$m _| amO^mfm :

{dYm{`H$m g§K ñVa na g§gX Ho$ XmoZm| gXZ (amÁ`g^m Am¡a bmoH$g^m) Am¡a amÁ` ñVana {dYmZ _§S>b Ho$ Xmo ({dYmZg^m Am¡a {dYmZ n[afX Ohm± ^r hmo) `m EH$ gXZ AÝV w©º$ h¡ Ÿ&BZ_| MwZo hþE Xoe Ho$ gm§gX Am¡a {dYm`H$ qhXr `m A§J«oOr _| {dMma ì`º$ H$a gH$Vo h¢ Zht Vmo

81

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

amÁ`g^m Ho$ g^mn{V m bmoH$g^m Ho$ AÜ`j H$s AZw_{V go AnZr _mV¥ mfm _| r g§~mo{YV H$agH$Vo h¢ Ÿ& na§Vw `h ì`dñWm h¡ {H$ AZwÀN>oX 348 Ho$ Cn~ÝYm| Ho$ AYrZ ahVo hþE g§gX _| H$m`©qhXr m A§J«oOr _| hr hmoJm Ÿ&

I) H$m`©nm{bH$m _| amO^mfm :I) H$m`©nm{bH$m _| amO^mfm :I) H$m`©nm{bH$m _| amO^mfm :I) H$m`©nm{bH$m _| amO^mfm :I) H$m`©nm{bH$m _| amO^mfm :

H$m ©nm{bH$m Ho$ H$m ©-joÌ _| _§Ìmb`, {d^mJ, Ho$ÝÐ gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`, gaH$ma AZwXmZàmá ñdm`Îm g§ñWmE± , CnH«$_ H§$nZr Am{X gpå_{bV h¢ Ÿ& BZ g§ñWmAm| _| _hm_{h_ amï´>n{V ÛmamamO^mfm Am`moJ H$s ñWmnZm H$s JB© Ÿ& g§K Ho$ emgH$s` à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE qhXr Ho$ A{YH$m{YH$à`moJ Am{X H$s {g\$m[ae H$aZm BgH$m H$m © h¡ Ÿ&

J) Ý`m`nm{bH$m _| amO^mfm :J) Ý`m`nm{bH$m _| amO^mfm :J) Ý`m`nm{bH$m _| amO^mfm :J) Ý`m`nm{bH$m _| amO^mfm :J) Ý`m`nm{bH$m _| amO^mfm :

Ý`m`nm{bH$m _| amO^mfm H$m à`moJ _w»`V: Xmo joÌm| _| hmoVm h¡ .....

1) H$mZyZ Am¡a CgHo$ AZwê$n H$m ©dmhr AWm©V² H$mZyZ, {Z`_, AÜ`mXoe, AmXoe, {d{Z_`, Cn{d{Y`m± Am{X Ÿ&

2) Am¡a CZHo$ AmYma na {H$gr _m_bo _| H$s JB© H$ma©dmB© Am¡a {bE JE {ZU© Am{X Ÿ&

1. Ý`m`nm{bH$m H$s H$m ©dm{h`m| _|

2. A{^boIm| H$s mfm

dñVwV: g_J« g_mO H$s A{^ì`{º$ H$m _mÜ`_ ^mfm h¡, H$moB© ^r ^mfm O~ amO^mfm~ZVr h¡ V~ dh gaH$mar H$m_H$mO, {ejm, amoOJma, _r{S>`m VWm AÝVam©ï´>r` ñVa na ^r {d{^ÞjoÌm| go Ow‹S>Vr h¡ Ÿ&

2.1.5 g§{dYmZ _| amO^mfm :g§{dYmZ _| amO^mfm :g§{dYmZ _| amO^mfm :g§{dYmZ _| amO^mfm :g§{dYmZ _| amO^mfm :

14 {gV§~a, 1949 H$mo g§{dYmZ g^m Zo qhXr H$mo ^maV H$s amO^mfm ñdrH$ma {H$`m Ÿ&26OZdar 1950 H$mo maV _| JUV§Ì ñWm{nV hþAm Am¡a maVr` g§{dYmZ bmJy hþAm Ÿ& Bg_| qhXrH$mo H$m_H$mO H$s mfm ñdrH$ma H$a {b`m J`m naÝVw AJbo n§Ðh dfm] Ho$ {bE amO^mfm Ho$ ê$n _|A§J«oOr H$mo Omar aIm J`m Ÿ& Bg àH$ma qhXr H$mo amO^mfm Ho$ ê$n _| bmJy H$aZo H$s VmarI 1965

ñdrH$ma H$s JB© Ÿ& g§{dYmZ Ho$ BÝht àmdYmZm| Ho$ A§VJ©V 1963 _| g§gX _| amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_nm[aV hþAm Ÿ& {OgH$m V{_bZm‹Sx> _| ì`mnH$ {damoY hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Cgo 1967 _| g§emo{YV {H$`mJ`m Ÿ&

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^maVr` g§{dYmZ Ho$ AZwÀN>oX 343-351 _| {XImE JE amO^mfm g§~§Yr Cn~§Y Ho$_w»`m§e :

AÜ`m` 1 - g§K H$s ^mfm

343. g§K H$s amO^mfm

1) g§K H$s amO^mfm qhXr Am¡a {b{n XodZmJar hmoJr Am¡a A§H$m| H$m ê$n AÝVam©ï´>r` ê$nhmoJm Ÿ&

2) I§S> (1) _| g§{dYmZ Ho$ àma§ go n§Ðh df© H$s Ad{Y VH$ g§K Ho$ emgH$s` à`moOZm|Ho$ {bE A§J«oOr mfm H$m à`moJ hmoVm ahoJm Ÿ& amï´>n{V AmXoe Ûmam {H$gr Ho$ {bE A§J«oOr mfm Ho$A{V[aº$ qhXr ^mfm H$m Am¡a ^maVr` A§H$m| Ho$ AÝVam©ï´>r` ê$n Ho$ A{V[aº$ XodZmJar ê$n H$mà`moJ àm{YH¥$V H$a gHo$Jm Ÿ&

3) Bg AZwÀN>oX _| {H$gr ~mV Ho$ hmoVo hþE r, g§gX Cº$ n§Ðh df© H$s Ad{Y Ho $níMmV{d{Y Ûmam -

H$) A§J«oOr ^mfm H$m , `m

I) A§H$m| Ho$ XodZmJar ê$n H$m Cn~§Y H$a gHo$Jr Omo Eogr {d{Y _| {d{Z{X©ï> {H$E OmE± Ÿ&

Bg àH$ma XodZmJar {b{n _| qhXr g§K H$s amO^mfm ñdrH¥$V hþB© Ÿ& amO^mfm Ho$ g§X^© _|^maVr` A§H$m| Ho$ ñWmZ na CZHo$ AÝVam©ï´>r` ê$n H$m à`moJ hmoJm, AWm©V² 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ho$~Xbo 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {bIm OmEJm Ÿ&

* AÜ`m` AÜ`m` AÜ`m` AÜ`m` AÜ`m` 2 - - - - -

àmXo{eH$ ^mfmE± :àmXo{eH$ ^mfmE± :àmXo{eH$ ^mfmE± :àmXo{eH$ ^mfmE± :àmXo{eH$ ^mfmE± :

345 ; ; ; ; ; amÁ` H$s amO^mfm `m amO^mfmE± :amÁ` H$s amO^mfm `m amO^mfmE± :amÁ` H$s amO^mfm `m amO^mfmE± :amÁ` H$s amO^mfm `m amO^mfmE± :amÁ` H$s amO^mfm `m amO^mfmE± :

AZwÀN>oX 346 Am¡a AZwÀN>oX 347 Ho$ Cn~§Ym| Ho$ AYrZ ahVo hþE {H$gr amÁ` H$m{dYmZ_§S>b, {d{Y Ûmam Cg amÁ` _| ^mfmAm| H$mo `m qhXr H$mo Cg amÁ` Ho$ g^r `m {H$ÝhremgH$s` à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE à`moJ H$s OmZo dmbr mfm m mfmAm| Ho$ ê$n _| A§JrH$ma H$a gHo$JrnaÝVw O~ VH$ amÁ` H$m {dYmZ_§S>b, {d{Y Ûmam, AÝ`mWm Cn~§Y Z H$ao - V~ VH$ amÁ` Ho$ rVaCZ emgH$s` à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE A§J«oOr ^mfm H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmVm ahoJm Ÿ&

83

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

346 , EH$ amÁ` Am¡a Xygao amÁ` Ho$ ~rM `m {H$gr amÁ` Am¡a g§K Ho$ ~rM nÌm{X H$samO^mfm - g§K _| emgH$s` à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE VËg_` àm{YH¥$V mfm EH$ amÁ` Am¡a Xygao amÁ` Ho$~rM VWm {H$gr amÁ` Am¡a g§K Ho$ ~rM nÌm{X H$s amO^mfm hmoJr ; naÝVw {X Xmo m A{YH$ amÁ``h H$aVo h¢ {H$ CZ amÁ`m| Ho$ ~rM nÌm{X H$s amO^mfm qhXr mfm hmoJr Vmo Eogo nÌm{X Ho$ {bE Cg^mfm H$m à`moJ {H$`m Om gHo$Jm Ÿ&

Bg ì`dñWm Ho$ AZwgma Xmo amÁ`m| Ho$ ~rM nÌ -ì`dhma AWdm {H$gr amÁ` Am¡a g§K Ho$~rM nÌ -ì`dhma Cgr ^mfm _| hmoJm Omo g§K gaH$ma Ho$ emgH$s` à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE amO^mfm Ho$ê$n _| àm{YH¥$V hmo Ÿ&

347 , {H$gr amÁ` H$s OZg§»`m Ho$ {H$gr {d^mJ Ûmam ~mobr OmZo dmbr mfm Ho$ g§~§Y _|{deof Cn~§Y - {X Bg {Z{_Îm _m§J {H$E OmZo na amîQ´>n{V H$m h g_mYmZ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ {H$gramÁ` H$s OZg§»`m H$m n`m©á ^mJ `h MmhVm h¡ {H$ CgHo$ Ûmam ~mobr OmZo dmbr ^mfm H$mo amÁ`Ûmam _mÝ`Vm Xr OmE Vmo dh {ZX}e Xo gHo$Jm {H$ Eogr mfm H$mo r Cg amÁ` _| gd©Ì m CgHo$ {H$gr^mJ _| Eogo à`moOZ Ho$ {bE Omo dh {d{Z{X©ï> H$ao, Cgo emgH$s` _mÝ`Vm Xr OmE Ÿ& Bg Vah {H$gramÁ` Ho$ {H$gr {deof OZ g_wXm` H$s ^mfm H$mo emgH$s` _mÝ`Vm Xr Om gH$Vr h¡ Ÿ&

AÜ`m`AÜ`m`AÜ`m`AÜ`m`AÜ`m` 3 -

CƒV_ Ý`m`mb`, Cƒ Ý`m`mb`m| Am{X H$s ^mfm :CƒV_ Ý`m`mb`, Cƒ Ý`m`mb`m| Am{X H$s ^mfm :CƒV_ Ý`m`mb`, Cƒ Ý`m`mb`m| Am{X H$s ^mfm :CƒV_ Ý`m`mb`, Cƒ Ý`m`mb`m| Am{X H$s ^mfm :CƒV_ Ý`m`mb`, Cƒ Ý`m`mb`m| Am{X H$s ^mfm :

348 , CƒV_ Ý`m`mb` Am¡a Cƒ Ý`m`mb`m| _| Am¡a A{Y{Z`_m|, {dYo H$m| Am{X Ho${bE à`moJ H$s OmZo dmbr ^mfm -

1) Bg mJ Ho$ nyd©Jm_r Cn~§Ym| _| {H$gr ~mV Ho$ hmoVo hþE r, O~ VH$ g§gX {d{Y ÛmamAÝ`Wm Cn~§Y Z H$ao V~ VH$ -

H$) CƒV_ Ý`m`mb` Am¡a Cƒ Ý`m`mb`m| _| g^r H$m ©dm{h`m± A§J«oOr _| hm|Jr Ÿ&

I) (i) g§gX Ho$ àË oH$ gXZ m {H$gr amÁ` Ho$ {dYmZ _§S>b Ho$ gXZ m àË oH$ gXZ _|nwZ: ñWm{nV {H$E OmZo dmbo g^r {dYo H$m| m àñVm{dV {H$E OmZo dmbo CZHo$ g§emoYZm| Ho$,

ii) g§gX m {H$gr amÁ` Ho$ {dYmZ _§S>b Ûmam nm[aV g^r A{Y{Z`_m| Ho$ Am¡a amï´>n{V m{H$gr amÁ` Ho$ amÁ`nmb Ûmam à»`m{nV g^r AÜ`mXoem| Ho$, Am¡a

iii) Bg g§{dYmZ Ho$ AYrZ m g§gX m {H$gr amÁ` Ho$ {dYmZ _§S>b Ûmam ~ZmB© JB© {H$gr

84

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

{d{Y Ho$ AYrZ Omar {H$E JE g^r AmXoem|, {Z`_m|, {d{Z`_m| Am¡a Cn{d{Y`m| Ho$, A{YH¥$V nmR>A§J«oOr mfm _| hm|Jo Ÿ&

2) I§S> (1) Ho$ CnI§S> (H$) _| {H$gr ~mV Ho$ hmoVo hþE ^r, {H$gr amÁ` H$m amÁ`nmbamï´>n{V H$s nyd© gh_{V go Cg Cƒ Ý`m`mb` H$s H$m ©dm{h`m| _| {OgH$m _w»` ñWmZ Cg amÁ` _|h¡, qhXr mfm H$m m Cg amÁ` Ho$ emgH$s` à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE à`moJ hmoZo dmbr {H$gr AÝ` mfmH$m à`moJ àm{YH¥$V H$a gHo$Jm Ÿ& naÝVw Bg I§S> H$s H$moB© ~mV Eogo Cƒ Ý`m`mb` Ûmam {XE JE{ZU© , {S>>H«$s `m AmXoe H$mo bmJy Zht hmoJr Ÿ&

(3) I§S> (I§S> (I§S> (I§S> (I§S> (1) Ho$ CnI§S> (I)) Ho$ CnI§S> (I)) Ho$ CnI§S> (I)) Ho$ CnI§S> (I)) Ho$ CnI§S> (I) _| {H$gr ~mV Ho$ hmoVo hþE ^r, Ohm± {H$gr amÁ` Ho${dYmZ _§S>b Zo, Cg {dYmZ _§S>b _| nwZ: ñWm{nV {dYo H$m| `m CgHo$ Ûmam nm[aV A{Y{Z`_m| _|AWdm Cg amÁ` Ho$ amÁ`nmb Ûmam à»`m{nV AÜ`mXoem| _| AWdm Cg CnI§S> Ho$ AZwÀN>oX (iii)_| {Z{X©ï> {H$gr AmXoe, {Z`_, {d{Z`_, m Cn{d{Y _| à`moJ Ho$ {bE A§J«oOr mfm go {^Þ H$moB©^mfm {d{hV H$s h¡ dhm± Cg amÁ` Ho$ amOnÌ _| Cg amÁ` Ho$ amÁ`nmb Ho$ àm{YH$ma go àH$m{eVA§J«oOr ^mfm _| CgH$m AZwdmX Bg AZwÀN>oX Ho$ AYrZ CgH$m A§J«oOr ^mfm _| àm{YH¥$V nmR>g_Pm OmEJm Ÿ&

351 . qhXr ^mfm Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE {ZX}eqhXr ^mfm Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE {ZX}eqhXr ^mfm Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE {ZX}eqhXr ^mfm Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE {ZX}eqhXr ^mfm Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE {ZX}e :

g§K H$m h H$V©ì` hmoJm {H$ dh qhXr mfm H$m àgma ~‹T>mE CgH$m {dH$mg H$ao Vm{H$ dh^maV H$s gm_m{gH$ g§ñH¥${V Ho$ g^r VËdm| H$s A{^ì`{º$ H$m _mÜ`_ ~Z gHo$ Am¡a CgH$s àH¥${V_| hñVjon {H$E {~Zm {hÝXwñVmZr Ho$ Am¡a AmR>dt AZwgyMr _| {d{Z{X©ï> maV H$s AÝ` mfmAm| Ho$à wº$ ê$n, e¡br Am¡a nXm| H$mo AmË_gmV H$aVo hþE Am¡a Ohm± Amdí`H$ m dm§N>Zr` hmo dhm± eãX

§S>ma Ho$ {bE _w»`V: g§ñH¥$V go Am¡a Jm¡UV: AÝ` mfmAm| go eãX J«hU H$aVo hþE CgH$s g_¥{Õgw{ZpíMV H$ao Ÿ&

Cn w©º$ {ZXoe _| qhXr Ho$ {dH$mg Am¡a àgma H$s {Oå_oXmar g§K gaH$ma H$mo gm¢nr JB© h¡ Ÿ&

2.1.5 g§{dYmZ H$s ì`dñWm Ho$ AmYma na H$s JB© H$ma©dmB© : g§{dYmZ H$s ì`dñWm Ho$ AmYma na H$s JB© H$ma©dmB© : g§{dYmZ H$s ì`dñWm Ho$ AmYma na H$s JB© H$ma©dmB© : g§{dYmZ H$s ì`dñWm Ho$ AmYma na H$s JB© H$ma©dmB© : g§{dYmZ H$s ì`dñWm Ho$ AmYma na H$s JB© H$ma©dmB© :

g§{dYmZ H$s ì`dñWm Ho$ AmYma na amO^mfm Am`moJ Am¡a g§gXr` amO^mfm g{_{V H$mJR>Z hþAm Ÿ&

g§{dYmZ Ho$ AZwÀN>oX 344(1) Ho$ àmdYmZ Ho$ AZwgma amï´>n{V Zo AmXome XoH$a gZ² 1955

_| amO^mfm Am`moJ H$s {Z w{º$ H$s Wr Ÿ& Am`moJ Zo AnZo à{VdoXZ _| {ZåZ{b{IV ~mVm| H$sAmdí`H$Vm na Omoa {X`m -

85

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

1. _mÜ`{_H$ {ejm Ho$ ñVa na qhXr H$m A{Zdm © {ejU Ÿ&

2. Cƒ ñVa na qhXr _| H$m © H$aZo Ho$ {bE nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr Ÿ&

3. Cƒ {ejm _| qhXr ^mfm Ho$ _mÜ`_ H$mo àmoËgmhZ

Ÿ 4. àemg{ZH$ H$_©Mm[a`m| Ho$ {bE {H$gr ñVa VH$ qhXr H$m A{Zdm © kmZ

5. godm narjmAm| _| qhXr H$m A{Zdm © àíZ-nÌ

6. XodZmJar Xoe H$s g~ mfmAm| Ho$ {bE Cn wº$ {b{n hmoJr Ÿ&

Am`moJ Zo Xoe H$s ~hþ m{fH$ àH¥${V H$m Ü`mZ aIVo hþE {dYm`r joÌ Am¡a Ý`m`mb`m| H$sH$ma©dmB`m| _| VWm {d^mJm| Am¡a g§JR>Zm| Ûmam OZVm Ho$ g§nH©$ Ho$ {bE joÌr` mfm Ho$ à`moJ na ~b{X`m Ÿ&

Am`moJ H$s BZ {g\$m[aem| na {dMma H$aZo Ho$ {bE 1957 _| g§gXr` amO^mfm g{_{VJ{R>V H$s JB© Ÿ& Bg g{_{V Zo 8 \$adar 1959 H$mo AnZr [anmoQ>© amï´>n{V H$mo àñVwV H$s Ÿ& Bg_|Am`moJ Ho$ A{YH$m§e gwPmdm| H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aZo H$s gbmh amï´>n{V H$mo Xr JB© Wr Ÿ& gmW hr 1965

Ho$ ~mX ^r A§J«oOr Ho$ MbVo ahZo H$m gwPmd {X`m Wm Ÿ&

2.1.6 amï´>n{V H$m AmXoe,amï´>n{V H$m AmXoe,amï´>n{V H$m AmXoe,amï´>n{V H$m AmXoe,amï´>n{V H$m AmXoe, 1960

g§{dYmZ Ho$ AZwÀN>oX 344 Ho$ I§S> (4) Ho$ AZwgma g{_{V Zo Am`moJ H$s {g\$m[aem| H$snarjm Am¡a CZ na am` H$m à{VdoXZ amï´>n{V H$mo àñVwV {H$`m Ÿ& amï´>n{V Zo 27 Aàob, 1960 _|AmXoe Omar {H$`m, {Og_| H$hm J`m {H$ -

1. qhXr _| d¡km{ZH$ Am¡a VH$ZrH$s eãXmdbr Ho$ {Z_m©U Ho$ {bE {ejm _§Ìmb` H$mo EH$ñWm`r Am`moJ H$s ñWmnZm H$aZr Mm{hE Ÿ&

2. {ejm _§Ìmb` gm§{dYm{ZH$ {Z`_m|, {d{Z`_m| Am¡a AmXoem| Ho$ A{V[aº$ g^r {Z`_nwñVH$m| Am¡a H$m ©{d{Y gm{hË` H$m AZwdmX AnZo hmW _| b| Ÿ&

3. EH$ _mZH$ {d{Y eãXH$moe V¡ ma H$aZo d qhXr _| {d{Y Ho$ nwZ: A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ {bE{d{^Þ amï´>r` ^mfmAm| H$m à{V{Z{YËd H$aZo dmbo {deofkm| H$m ñWm`r Am`moJ ñWm{nV {H$`mOmE Ÿ&

4. gaH$mar H$_©Mm[a`m| H$mo qhXr à{ejU XoZo H$s ì`dñWm H$s OmE Ÿ&

86

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

5. {ejm _§Ìmb` Bg ~mV H$s g_rjm H$ao {H$ qhXr àMma Ho$ {bE Omo dV©_mZ ì`dñWmMb ahr h¡, dh H¡$gr Mb ahr h¡ Ÿ& {ejm _§Ìmb`, d¡km{ZH$ AZwg§YmZ Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$m ©_§Ìmb` nañna {_bH$a maVr` mfm {dkmZ, mfm emó, gm{hË` g§~§Yr AÜ``Z Am¡a AZwg§YmZH$mo àmoËgmhZ XoZo Ho$ {bE g{_{V Ûmam gwPmE JE VarHo$ go Amdí`H$ H$ma©dmB© H$a| Am¡a {d{^Þ^maVr` mfmAm| H$mo nañna {ZH$Q> bmZo Ho$ {bE VWm AZwÀN>oX 351 _| {XE JE {ZX©oemZwgma qhXrH$m {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE Amdí`H$ `moOZm V¡ ma H$a| Ÿ&

2.1.7 amï´>n{V AmXoem| na AZwdVu H$ma©dmB© :amï´>n{V AmXoem| na AZwdVu H$ma©dmB© :amï´>n{V AmXoem| na AZwdVu H$ma©dmB© :amï´>n{V AmXoem| na AZwdVu H$ma©dmB© :amï´>n{V AmXoem| na AZwdVu H$ma©dmB© :

amï´>n{V Ho$ AmXoem| H$mo H$m`m©pÝdV H$aZo Ho$ {bE H«$_e: {ZåZ{b{IV g§ñWmE± ñWm{nV H$sJB© :

1. . . . . d¡km{ZH$ Am¡a VH$ZrH$s eãXmdbr Am`oJ :d¡km{ZH$ Am¡a VH$ZrH$s eãXmdbr Am`oJ :d¡km{ZH$ Am¡a VH$ZrH$s eãXmdbr Am`oJ :d¡km{ZH$ Am¡a VH$ZrH$s eãXmdbr Am`oJ :d¡km{ZH$ Am¡a VH$ZrH$s eãXmdbr Am`oJ : BgH$s ñWmnZm 1961 _|hþB© Ÿ& BgZo eãXmdbr {Z_m©U Ho$ {gÕm§V V` {H$E Ÿ& VWm {d{dY {df`m| Ho$ {deofk gbmhmH$mag{_{V`m| H$s Am¡a mfm d¡km{ZH$m| H$s ghm`Vm go eãXmdbr {Z{_©V H$s VWm na{^mfm H$moe V¡ ma{H$E Ÿ&

2..... Ho$ÝÐr` qhXr {ZXoemb` : Ho$ÝÐr` qhXr {ZXoemb` : Ho$ÝÐr` qhXr {ZXoemb` : Ho$ÝÐr` qhXr {ZXoemb` : Ho$ÝÐr` qhXr {ZXoemb` : BgH$s ñWmnZm gZ² 1960 _| hþB© Ÿ& qhXr àMma -àgma Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ H$m © Bg g§ñWm H$mo gm¢no JE Ÿ& AmO `h qhXr go g§~§{YV `moOZmAm| Ho${Z_m©U Am¡a H$m`m©Ýd`Z, AqhXr ^mfr joÌm| _| qhXr Ho$ àMma-àgma Ho$ {bE ñWm{nV joÌr`H$m`m©b`m| H$m {Z §ÌU Am¡a n ©dojU {dkmZoVa H$moe Am¡a {dídH$moe Ho$ {Z_m©U, nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| Ho$àH$meZ Am{X H$m H$m © H$aVm h¡ Ÿ&

3..... Ho$ÝÐr` AZwdmX ã`yamo : Ho$ÝÐr` AZwdmX ã`yamo : Ho$ÝÐr` AZwdmX ã`yamo : Ho$ÝÐr` AZwdmX ã`yamo : Ho$ÝÐr` AZwdmX ã`yamo : BgH$s ñWmnZm 1971 _| hþB© Ÿ& BgH$m Xm{`ËdAgm§{d{YH$ ñdê$n Ho$ H$m ©{d{Y gm{hË` VWm _¡ZwAbm| d \$m_m] Ho$ AZwdmX H$m © h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$Abmdm Ho$ÝÐ gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| Ho$ qhXr H$_©Mm[a`m| Ho$ {bE AZwdmX à{ejU ã yamo H$aVm h¡ Ÿ&

4. . . . . amO^mfm amO^mfm amO^mfm amO^mfm amO^mfm ({dYm`r) Am`moJ (I§S>) {d{Y _§Ìmb` Ho$ AYrZ H$m ©aV h¡ Ÿ& BgZoA§J«oOr -qhXr {d{Y eãXmdbr V¡ ma H$s h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$ A{V[aº$ `h gm§{d{YH$ H$mJOmV AWm©V²Ho$ÝÐr` A{Y{Z`_m|, {Z`_m|, {d{Z`_m| Am{X H$m qhXr AZwdmX r H$aVm h¡ Ÿ&

5. . . . . qhXr {ejU `moOZm :qhXr {ejU `moOZm :qhXr {ejU `moOZm :qhXr {ejU `moOZm :qhXr {ejU `moOZm : Bgo AqhXr ^mfr gaH$mar H$_©Mm[a`m| H$mo qhXr {gImZoHo$ {bE gZ² 1952 _| ewê$ {H$`m J`m Wm Ÿ& `h qhXr Ho$ VrZ ñVam| Ho$ nmR²>`H«$_ MbmVm h¡ - (1)à~moY, (2) àmk, (3) àdrU Ÿ&

87

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

6. . . . . Ho$ÝÐr` qhXr à{ejU g§ñWmZ :Ho$ÝÐr` qhXr à{ejU g§ñWmZ :Ho$ÝÐr` qhXr à{ejU g§ñWmZ :Ho$ÝÐr` qhXr à{ejU g§ñWmZ :Ho$ÝÐr` qhXr à{ejU g§ñWmZ : BgH$s ñWmnZm gZ² 1985 _| J¥h _§Ìmb` Ho$amO^mfm {d^mJ Ho$ AYrZ H$s JB© Ÿ& BgH$m H$m © A{YH$mar ñVa Ho$ H$_©Mmar d¥ÝX H$mo qhXrà{ejU XoZm h¡ Ÿ&

7..... Ho$ÝÐr` qhXr g§ñWmZ,Ho$ÝÐr` qhXr g§ñWmZ,Ho$ÝÐr` qhXr g§ñWmZ,Ho$ÝÐr` qhXr g§ñWmZ,Ho$ÝÐr` qhXr g§ñWmZ, AmJam AmJam AmJam AmJam AmJam : `h gZ² 1961 go qhXr {ejU H$m © gog§b½Z h¡ Ÿ& AqhXr m{f`m| VWm {dXo{e`>m| H$mo Xygar mfm Ho$ ê$n _| qhXr {ejU VWm à{d{Y`m| H$m{dH$mg H$aZo VWm VXZwHy$b {ejU gm_J«r {Z_m©U Ho$ A{V[aº$ `h qhXr ^mfm Am¡a gm{hË` _|AZwg§YmZ H$m © r H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$ A{V[aº$ h Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ A{YH$m[a`m| VWm H$_©Mm[a`m|Ho$ {bE godm-_mÜ`_ Ho$ qhXr nmR²>`H«$_ MbmZo Am¡a qhXr {ejU g§~§Yr emoY gm_J«r H$m àH$meZH$m`© ^r H$a ahm h¡ Ÿ& BgH$m Ho$ÝÐ {Xëbr, h¡Xam~mX, JwdmhQ>r Am¡a wdZoída _| ^r h¡ Ÿ&

8. . . . . ^maVr` ^mfm g§ñWmZ, _¡gya ^maVr` ^mfm g§ñWmZ, _¡gya ^maVr` ^mfm g§ñWmZ, _¡gya ^maVr` ^mfm g§ñWmZ, _¡gya ^maVr` ^mfm g§ñWmZ, _¡gya : : : : : `h 1969 go ^maVr` ^mfmAm| Ho$ AÜ`mnZAZwg§YmZ Am¡a VwbZmË_H$ AÜ``Z _| g§b½Z h¡ Ÿ&

BgHo$ A{V[aº$ {díd{dÚmb` ñVa na qhXr {ejU, nwñVH$m| Ho$ {Z_m©U Am¡a àH$meZqhXr AH$mX{_`m± VWm {ZXoemb` H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& {ejm _§Ìmb` {Z_m©U Am¡a àH$meZ ì`` H$m dhZH$aVm h¡ Ÿ&

2.1.8 amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_,amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_,amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_,amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_,amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_, 1963 H$m _yb ê$n :H$m _yb ê$n :H$m _yb ê$n :H$m _yb ê$n :H$m _yb ê$n :

amOm^mfm A{Y{Z`_,amOm^mfm A{Y{Z`_,amOm^mfm A{Y{Z`_,amOm^mfm A{Y{Z`_,amOm^mfm A{Y{Z`_, 1963 H$m _yb ê$n (amO^mfm g§emoYZ A{Y{Z`_ g§.1967 Ûmam 1967 _| g§emo{YV)

CZ mfmAm| H$m Omo g§K Ho$ amOH$s` à`moOZm|, g§gX H$m © Ho$ ì`dhma, Ho$ÝÐr` Am¡a amÁ`A{Y{Z`_m| Am¡a Cƒ Ý`m`mb`m| _| H${Vn` à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE à`moJ _| bmB© Om gHo$Jr, Cn~§YH$aZo Ho$ {bE A{Y{Z`_ ^maV JUamÁ` Ho$ Mm¡Xhd| df© _| g§gX Ûmam {ZåZ{b{IV ê$n go `hA{Y{Z`{_V hmo -

1. g§{já Zm_ Am¡a àma§^ g§{já Zm_ Am¡a àma§^ g§{já Zm_ Am¡a àma§^ g§{já Zm_ Am¡a àma§^ g§{já Zm_ Am¡a àma§^

i) h A{Y{Z`_ amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_, 1963 H$hm Om gHo$Jm Ÿ&

ii) Ymam 3, OZdar 1965 Ho$ 26 d| {XZ H$mo àd¥Îm hmoJr Am¡a Bg A{Y{Z`_ Ho$eof Cn~§Y Cg VmarI H$mo àd¥Îm hm|Jo {Ogo Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma, emgH$s` amOnÌ _| A{YgyMZm Ûmam{Z`V H$a| Am¡a Bg A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ {d{^Þ Cn~§Ym| Ho$ {bE {d{^Þ VmarI| {Z`V H$s Om gH|$Jr Ÿ&

88

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

2. n[a^mfmE± :n[a^mfmE± :n[a^mfmE± :n[a^mfmE± :n[a^mfmE± : Bg A{Y{Z`_ _| O~ VH$ {H$ àg§J _| AÝ`Wm Ano{jV Z hmo -

H$) "{Z`V {XZ' go, Ymam 3 Ho$ g§~§Y _| , OZdar 1965 H$m 26 d| {XZ A{^àoVh¡ Am¡a Bg A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ {H$gr AÝ` Cn~§Y Ho$ g§~§Y _| dh {XZ A{^àoV h¡ {Og {XZ H$mo dhCn~§Y àd¥Îm hmoVm h¡ ;

I) qhXr go dh qhXr A{^àoV h¡ {OgH$s {b{n XodZmJar h¡ Ÿ&

3. g§K Ho$ amOH$s` à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE g§gX _| à`moJ hoVw A§J«oOr ^mfm H$m ~Zm ahZm Ÿ&

1. g§{dYmZ Ho$ àma§^ go 15 df© H$s H$mbmd{Y H$s g_m{á hmo OmZo na ^r, qhXrHo$ A{V[aº$ A§J«oOr ^mfm {Z`V {XZ go hr -

H$) g§K Ho$ CZ g~ amOH$s` à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE {OZHo$ {bE dh Cg {XZ go R>rH$ nhboà`moJ _| bm`r OmVr Wr ; VWm

I) g§gX _| H$m © Ho$ g§ì`dhma Ho$ {bE, à`moJ _| bm`r OmVr ah gHo$Jr :na§Vw g§K{H$gr Eogo amÁ` Ho$ ~rM, {OgZo qhXr H$mo AnZr amO^mfm Ho$ ê$n _| ZhtAnZm`m h¡, nÌm{X Ho$ à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE A§J«oOr ^mfm à`moJ _| bmB© OmEJr ;

na§Vw `h Am¡a {H$ Ohm± {H$gr Eogo amÁ` Ho$ {OgZo qhXr H$mo AnZr amO^mfm Ho$ ê$n _|AnZm`m h¡ Am¡a {H$gr AÝ` amÁ` Ho$, {OgZo qhXr H$mo AnZr amO^mfm Ho$ ê$n _| Zht AnZm`m h¡,~rM nÌm{X Ho$ à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE qhXr H$mo à`moJ _| bm`m OmVm h¡, dhm± qhXr _| Eogo nÌm{X Ho$ gmW-gmW CgH$m AZwdmX A§J«oOr _| oOm OmEJm ;

na§Vw `h Am¡a ^r {H$ Bg CnYmam H$s {H$gr ^r ~mV H$m `h AW© Zht bJm`m OmEJm {H$dh {H$gr Eogo amÁ` H$mo, {OgZo qhXr H$mo AnZr amO^mfm Ho$ ê$n _| AnZm`m h¡ `m {H$gr AÝ`amÁ` Ho$ gmW , CgH$s gh_{V go, nÌm{X à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE qhXr H$mo à`moJ _| bmZo go {Zdm[aVH$aVr h¡, Am¡a Eogo {H$gr _m_bo _| Cg amÁ` Ho$ gmW nÌm{X Ho$ à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE A§J«oOr mfm H$mà`moJ ~mÜ`H$a Z hmoJm Ÿ&

2. CnYmam (1) _| AÝV{d©ï> {H$gr ~mV Ho$ hmoVo hþE ^r Ohm± nÌm{X Ho$ à`moOZm| Ho$ {bEqhXr m A§J«oOr mfm -

i) Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ EH$ _§Ìmb` m {d^mJ m H$m`m©b` Ho$ Am¡a Xygao _§Ìmb` m{d^mJ `m H$m`m©b` Ho$ ~rM :

89

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

ii) Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ EH$ _§Ìmb` `m {d^mJ `m H$m`m©b` Ho$ Am¡a Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$maHo$ ñdm{_Ëd _|/ Ho$ `m {Z §ÌU _|/ Ho$ {H$gr {ZJ_ `m H§$nZr `m CgHo$ {H$grH$m`m©b` Ho$ ~rM :

iii) Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ ñdm{_Ëd _|/ Ho$ m {Z §ÌU _|/ Ho$ {H$gr {ZJ_ m H§$nZr mCgHo$ {H$gr H$m`m©b` Ho$ Am¡a {H$gr AÝ` Eogo {ZJ_ m H§$nZr m H$m`m©b` Ho$~rM ; à`moJ _| bmB© OmVr h¡ Ÿ& dhm± Cg VmarI VH$, O~ VH$ nydm}º$ g§~{YV

_§Ìmb`, {d^mJ, H$m`m©b` m {ZJ_ m H§$nZr H$m H$_©Mmard¥ÝX qhXr H$mH$m ©gmYH$ kmZ àmá Zht boVm, Eogo nÌm{X H$m AZwdmX, Wme{º$, A§J«oOr mfm`m qhXr _| r {X`m OmEJm Ÿ&

3. CnYmam (1) _| A§V{d©ï> {H$gr ~mV Ho$ hmoVo hþE r qhXr Am¡a A§J«oOr mfm XmoZm| hr -

i) g§H$ënm|, gmYmaU AmXoem|, {Z`_m|, A{YgyMZmAm|, àemg{ZH$ m AÝ` à{VdoXZm|`m àog {dk{á`m| Ho$ {bE, Omo Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ûmam `m CgHo$ {H$gr _§Ìmb`,{d^mJ m H$m`m©b` Ûmam m Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ ñdm{_Ëd _| Ho$/ m {Z`§ÌU _|Ho$ {H$gr {ZJ_ `m H§$nZr Ûmam `m Eogo {ZJ_ `m H§$nZr Ho$ {H$gr H$m`m©b` Ûmam{ZH$mbo OmVo h¢ `m {H$E OmVo h¢ &

ii) g§gX Ho$ {H$gr gXZ m gXZm| Ho$ g_j aIo JE àemg{ZH$ VWm AÝ` à{VdoXZm|Am¡a amOH$s` H$mJO-nÌm| Ho$ {bE Ÿ&

iii) Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma `m CgHo$ {H$gr _§Ìmb`, {d^mJ `m H$m`m©b` Ûmam `m CgH$sAmoa go `m Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ ñdm{_Ëd _| Ho$ `m {Z §ÌU _|/ Ho$ {H$gr {ZJ_ `mH§$nZr Ûmam m Eogo {ZJ_ m H§$nZr Ho$ {H$gr H$m`m©b` Ûmam {Zînm{XV g§{dXmAm|Am¡a H$amam| Ho$ {bE VWm {ZH$mbr JB© AZwk{á`m|, AZwkmnÌm|, gyMZmAm| Am¡a{Z{dXm àmê$nm| Ho$ {bE à`moJ _| bmB© OmEJr Ÿ&

4. CnYmam (1) m CnYmam (2) m CnYmam (3) Ho$ Cn~§Ym| na à{VHy$b à^mdS>mbo {~Zm Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma, Ymam (8) Ho$ AYrZ ~ZmE JE {Z`_m| Ûmam Cg mfm m CZ mfmAm|H$m Cn~§Y H$a gHo$Jr {Ogo `m {OÝh| g§K Ho$ amOH$s` à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE {OgHo$ AÝVJ©V {H$gr_§Ìmb`, {d^mJ, AZw mJ `m H$m`m©b` H$m H$m ©H$aU h¡, à`moJ _| bm`m OmZm h¡ Am¡a Eogo {Z`_

90

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

~ZmZo _| amOH$s` H$m © Ho$ XjVm Am¡a erK«Vm Ho$ gmW {ZnQ>mZo H$m VWm OZgmYmaU Ho$ {hVm| H$mgå`H$ Ü`mZ aIm OmEJm Am¡a Bg àH$ma ~ZmE JE {Z`_ {d{eï>V`m gw{ZpíMV H$a|Jo {H$ Omoì`{º$ g§K Ho$ H$m`m©b` Ho$ g§~§Yr godm _| bJo h¢ Am¡a Omo `m Vmo qhXr _| `m A§J«oOr ^mfm _| àdrUh¢ do à^mdr ê$n go AnZm H$m_ H$a gH|$ Am¡a `h ^r {H$ Ho$db Bg AmYma na {H$ do XmoZm| hr^mfmAm| _| àdrU Zht h¡ CZH$m H$moB© A{hV Zht hmoVm Ÿ&

5. CnYmam (1) Ho$ I§S> (H$) Ho$ Cn~§Y Am¡a CnYmam (2) CnYmam (3) Am¡a CnYmam(4) Ho$ Cn~§Y V~ VH$ àd¥Îm ~Zo ah§oJo O~ VH$ CZ_| d{U©V à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE A§J«oOr ^mfm H$mà`moJ g_má H$a XoZo Ho$ {bE Eogo g^r amÁ`m| Ho$ {dYmZ _§S>bm| Ûmam {OÝhm|Zo qhXr H$mo AnZramO^mfm Ho$ ê$n _| Zht AnZm`m h¡, g§H$ën nm[aV Zht H$a {XE OmVo Am¡a O~ VH$ nydm}º$ g§H$ënm|na {dMma H$a boZo Ho$ níMmV Eogr g_m{á Ho$ {bE g§gX Ho$ ha EH$ gXZ Ûmam g§H$ën nm[aV Zht{X`m OmVm Ÿ&

2.1.9 amO^mfm Ho$ g§~§Y _| g{_{V :amO^mfm Ho$ g§~§Y _| g{_{V :amO^mfm Ho$ g§~§Y _| g{_{V :amO^mfm Ho$ g§~§Y _| g{_{V :amO^mfm Ho$ g§~§Y _| g{_{V :

1. {Og VmarI H$mo Ymam 3 àd¥Îm hmoVr h¡ Cggo Xg df© H$s g_m{á Ho$ níMmV amO^mfm Ho$g§~§Y _| EH$ g{_{V Bg {df` H$m g§H$ën g§gX Ho$ {H$gr ^r gXZ _| amï´>n{V H$s nyd© _§Oyar goàñVm{dV Am¡a XmoZm| gXZm| Ûmam nm[aV {H$E OmZo na, J{R>V H$s OmEJr Ÿ&

2. Bg g{_{V _| VrZ gXñ` hm|Jo {OZ_| go ~rg bmoH$g^m Ho$ gXñ` hm|Jo VWm Xg amÁ`g^m Ho$ gXñ` hm|Jo, Omo H«$_e: bmoH$g^m Ho$ gXñ`m| VWm amÁ`g^m Ho$ gXñ`m| Ûmam AmZwnm{VH$à{V{Z{YËd nÕ{V Ho$ AZwgma EH$b g§H«$_Ur` _V Ûmam {Zdm©{MV hm|Jo Ÿ&

3. Bg g{_{V H$m H$V©ì` hmoJm {H$ dh g§K Ho$ amOH$s` à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE qhXr _| H$s JB©àJ{V H$m nwZamdbmoH$Z H$ao Am¡a Cg na {g\$m[ae H$aVo hþE amï´>n{V H$mo à{VdoXZ H$ao Am¡aamï´>n{V Cg à{VdoXZ H$mo g§gX Ho$ ha gXZ Ho$ g_j aIdmE§Jo Am¡a g^r amÁ` gaH$mam| H$mo{^OdmEJm Ÿ&

4. amï´>n{V CnYmam(3) _| {Z{X©ï> à{VdoXZ na Am¡a Cg na amÁ` gaH$mam| Zo {X H$moB© _VA{^ì`º$ {H$E hm| Vmo CZ na {dMma H$aZo Ho$ níMmV Cg g_ñV n«{VdoXZ Ho$ m CgHo$ {H$gr mJHo$ AZwgma {ZXoe {ZH$mb gH|$Jo Ÿ& naÝVw Bg àH$ma {ZH$mbo JE {ZXoe Ymam 3 Ho$ Cn~§Ym| go Ag§JVZht hm|Jo Ÿ&

91

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

2.1.10 Ho$ÝÐr` A{Y{Z`_m| Am{X H$m àm{YH¥$V qhXr AZwdmX :Ho$ÝÐr` A{Y{Z`_m| Am{X H$m àm{YH¥$V qhXr AZwdmX :Ho$ÝÐr` A{Y{Z`_m| Am{X H$m àm{YH¥$V qhXr AZwdmX :Ho$ÝÐr` A{Y{Z`_m| Am{X H$m àm{YH¥$V qhXr AZwdmX :Ho$ÝÐr` A{Y{Z`_m| Am{X H$m àm{YH¥$V qhXr AZwdmX :

1. {Z`V {XZ H$mo Am¡a CgHo$ níMmV emgH$s` amOnÌ _| amï´>n{V Ho$ àm{YH$ma goàH$m{eV -

H$) {H$gr Ho$ÝÐr` A{Y{Z`_ H$m m amï´>n{V Ûmam à»`m{nV {H$gr AÜ`mXoe H$m, AWdm

I) g§{dYmZ Ho$ AYrZ m {H$gr Ho$ÝÐr` A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ AYrZ {ZH$mbo JE {H$gr AmXoe,{Z`_, {d{Z`_ m Cn{d{Y H$m -

qhXr _| AZwdmX CgH$m qhXr _| àm{YH¥$V nmR> g_Pm OmEJm Ÿ&

2. {Z`V {XZ go hr CZ g~ {dYo H$m| Ho$, Omo g§gX Ho$ {H$gr r gXZ _| nwZ:ñWm{nV {H$EOmZo hm|, Am¡a CZ g~ g§emoYZm| Ho$, Omo CZHo$ g§~§Y _| g§gX Ho$ {H$gr gXZ _| àñVm{dV {H$E OmZohmo, A§J«oOr mfm Ho$ àm{YH¥$V nmR> Ho$ gmW-gmW CZH$m qhXr _| AZwdmX r hmoJm Omo Eogr ar{V goàm{YH¥$V {H$`m OmEJm, Omo Bg A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ AYrZ ~ZmE JE {Z`_m| Ûmam {Z{hV H$s OmE Ÿ&

2.1.11 H${Vn` XemAm| _| amÁ` A{Y{Z`_m| H$m àm{YH¥$V qhXrH${Vn` XemAm| _| amÁ` A{Y{Z`_m| H$m àm{YH¥$V qhXrH${Vn` XemAm| _| amÁ` A{Y{Z`_m| H$m àm{YH¥$V qhXrH${Vn` XemAm| _| amÁ` A{Y{Z`_m| H$m àm{YH¥$V qhXrH${Vn` XemAm| _| amÁ` A{Y{Z`_m| H$m àm{YH¥$V qhXr

AZwdmX : AZwdmX : AZwdmX : AZwdmX : AZwdmX :

Ohm± {H$gr amÁ` Ho$ {dYmZ _§S>b Zo Cg amÁ` Ho$ {dYmZ _§S>b Ûmam nm[aV A{Y{Z`_m| _|AWdm Cg amÁ` Ho$ amÁ`nmb Ûmam à»`m{nV AÜ`mXoem| à`moJ Ho$ {bE qhXr go {^Þ H$moB© ^mfm{d{hV H$s h¡ dhm±, g§{dYmZ Ho$ AZwÀN>oX 344 Ho$ I§S> (3) Ûmam Ano{jV A§J«oOr ^mfm _| CgHo$AZwdmX Ho$ A{V[aº$ CgH$m qhXr _| AZwdmX Cg amÁ` Ho$ emgH$s` amOnÌ _|, Cg amÁ` Ho$amÁ`nmb Ho$ àm{YH$ma go, {Z`V {XZ H$mo `m CgHo$ níMmV àH$m{eV {H$`m Om gHo$Jm Am¡a EogrXem _| Eogo {H$gr A{Y{Z`_ m AÜ`mXoe H$m qhXr _| AZwdmX qhXr mfm _| CgH$m àm{YH¥$V nmR>g_Pm OmEJm Ÿ&

2.1.12 CƒÝ`m`mb`m| Ho$ {ZU©`m| Am{X _| qhXr `m AÝ` amO^mfm H$mCƒÝ`m`mb`m| Ho$ {ZU©`m| Am{X _| qhXr `m AÝ` amO^mfm H$mCƒÝ`m`mb`m| Ho$ {ZU©`m| Am{X _| qhXr `m AÝ` amO^mfm H$mCƒÝ`m`mb`m| Ho$ {ZU©`m| Am{X _| qhXr `m AÝ` amO^mfm H$mCƒÝ`m`mb`m| Ho$ {ZU©`m| Am{X _| qhXr `m AÝ` amO^mfm H$m d¡H$pënH$ à`moJ : d¡H$pënH$ à`moJ : d¡H$pënH$ à`moJ : d¡H$pënH$ à`moJ : d¡H$pënH$ à`moJ :

{Z`V {XZ go hr m VËníMmV {H$gr r {XZ go {H$gr amÁ` H$m amÁ`nmb, amï´>n{V H$s nyd©gå_{V go A§J«oOr mfm Ho$ A{V[aº$ qhXr m Cg amÁ` H$s amO^mfm H$m à`moJ, Cg amÁ` Ho$ Cƒ

92

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Ý`m`mb` Ûmam nm[aV m {XE JE {H$gr {ZU© , {S>H«$s m AmXoe Ho$ à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE àm{YH¥$V H$agHo$Jm Am¡a Ohm± H$moB© {ZU© , {S>H«$s m AmXoe (A§J«oOr mfm go {^Þ) Eogr {H$gr mfm _| nm[aV{H$`m m {X`m OmVm h¡ dhm± CgHo$ gmW-gmW Cƒ Ý`m`mb` Ho$ àm{YH$ma go {ZH$mbm J`m A§J«oOr^mfm _| CgH$m AZwdmX r hmoJm Ÿ&

2.1.13 amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ AÝVJ©V H$s JB© ì`dñWm :amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ AÝVJ©V H$s JB© ì`dñWm :amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ AÝVJ©V H$s JB© ì`dñWm :amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ AÝVJ©V H$s JB© ì`dñWm :amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_ Ho$ AÝVJ©V H$s JB© ì`dñWm :

amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_ _| h ì`dñWm H$s JB© {H$ gZ² 1965 Ho$ ~mX Ho$db qhXr hr g§K H$samO^mfm hmoJr Ÿ& {H$ÝVw A§J«oOr H$m à`moJ H$aZo H$s Ny>Q> V~ VH$ ~Zr ahoJr O~ VH$ {H$ qhXr H$moAnZr amO^mfm Ho$ ê$n _| Z AnZmZo dmbo g^r amÁ`m| Ho$ g§K {dYmZ _§S>b A§J«oOr H$m à`moJg_má H$aZo Ho$ {bE g§H$ën Z nm[aV H$a X| Am¡a CZ g§H$ënm| na {dMma H$aZo Ho$ ~mX g§gX Ho$ XmoZm|gXZ Bg g§~§Y _| g§H$ën nm[aV Z H$a X| Ÿ& Bg ì`dñWm Ho$ AZwgma AmO ha H$_©Mmar H$mo AnZmH$m_H$mO qhXr m A§J«oOr Xm|Zm| _| H$aZo H$s Ny>Q> h¡ Ÿ& {H$ÝVw Hw$N> H$m_m| Ho$ {bE qhXr m A§J«oOr XmoZm|H$m à`moJ A{Zdm © h¡, Bg_| EH$ Va\$ nÌm{X h§¡ {OZ_| nÌmMma VWm \$mBbm| H$m H$m_ em{_b h¡Am¡a Xygar Va\$ gaH$ma H$s Amoa go {ZH$bZo dmbo AmXoe Am¡a {Z`_ Am{X Am_ OZVm Ho$ Cn`moJHo$ {bE h§¡ Ÿ& Am_ OZVm H$s Amdí`H$Vm H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a `h ì`dñWm H$s JB© h¡ {H$ Am_AmX_r Ho$ Cn`moJ Ho$ gmao H$mJO nÌ {Û^mfr ê$n _| hm| Ÿ& Bg ~mV H$m CëboI amO^mfmA{Y{Z`_ H$s CnYmam 3.3 _| {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ&

2.1.14 g§gX Ho$ XmoZm| gXZm| _| amO^mfm g§~§Yr` nm[aV g§H$ën :g§gX Ho$ XmoZm| gXZm| _| amO^mfm g§~§Yr` nm[aV g§H$ën :g§gX Ho$ XmoZm| gXZm| _| amO^mfm g§~§Yr` nm[aV g§H$ën :g§gX Ho$ XmoZm| gXZm| _| amO^mfm g§~§Yr` nm[aV g§H$ën :g§gX Ho$ XmoZm| gXZm| _| amO^mfm g§~§Yr` nm[aV g§H$ën :

g§. E\$ 5/8/65 amO^mfm, ^maV gaH$ma, J¥h _§Ìmb`, ^maV gaH$ma,

J¥h _§Ìmb` ZB© {Xëbr -1

{XZm§H$ 18 OZdar ,1968, 28 nm¡f, 1889

93

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

g§H$ëng§H$ëng§H$ëng§H$ëng§H$ën

g§gX Ho$ XmoZm| gXZm| Ûmam nm[aV {ZåZ{b{IV gaH$mar g§H$ën Am_ OmZH$mar Ho$ {bEàH$m{eV {H$`m OmVm h¡ -

1. ""O~{H$ g§{dYmZ Ho$ AZwÀN>oX 343 Ho$ AZwgma g§K H$s amO^mfm qhXr ahoJr Am¡aCgHo$ AZwÀN>oX 351 Ho$ AZwgma qhXr ^mfm H$s àgma -d¥{Õ H$aZm Am¡a CgH$m {dH$mg H$aZm,Vm{H$ dh ^maV H$s gm_m{gH$ g§ñH¥${V Ho$ g~ VËdm| H$s Ÿ A{^ì`{º$ H$m _mÜ`_ hmo gHo$ Ÿ& g§KH$m H$V©ì` h¡, `h g^m g§H$ën H$aVr h¡ {H$ qhXr Ho$ àgma Ed§ {dH$mg H$s J{V ~‹T>mZo hoVw VWmBgHo$ à`moJ Ho$ hoVw ^maV gaH$ma Ûmam EH$ A{YH$ JhZ Ed§ ì`mnH$ H$m ©H«$_ V¡ ma {H$`m OmEJmAm¡a Cgo H$m`m©pÝdV {H$`m OmEJm Am¡a {H$E OmZo dmbo Cnm`m| Ed§ H$s OmZo dmbr àJ{V H$s {dñV¥Vdm{f©H$ _yë`m§H$Z [anmoQ>© g§gX Ho$ XmoZm| gXZm| Ho$ nQ>b na aIr OmEJr ŸAm¡a g^r amÁ` gaH$mam| H$mo

oOr OmEJr Ÿ&

2. O~{H$ g§{dYmZ H$s AmR>dt AZwgyMr _| qhXr Ho$ A{V[aº$ ^maV H$s _w»` ^mfmAm|H$m CëboI {H$`m J`m h¡, Am¡a Xoe H$s e¡{jH$ Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ CÞ{V Ho$ {bE h Amdí`H$ h¡ {H$BZ mfmAm| Ho$ nyU© {dH$mg hoVw gm_y{hH$ Cnm` {H$E OmZo Mm{hE Ÿ& h gXZ g§H$ën H$aVm h¡ {H$qhXr Ho$ gmW-gmW BZ ^mfmAm| Ho$ g_pÝdV {dH$mg hoVw ^maV -gaH$ma Ûmam amÁ` gaH$mam| Ho$gh`moJ go EH$ H$m ©H«$_ V¡ ma {H$`m OmEJm Am¡a Cgo H$m`m©pÝdV {H$`m OmEJm Vm{H$ do erK« g_¥Õhm| Am¡a AmYw{ZH$ kmZ Ho$ g§Mma H$m à^mdr _mÜ`_ ~Zo§ Ÿ&

3. O~{H$ EH$Vm H$s ^mdZm Ho$ g§dY©Z VWm Xoe Ho$ {d{^Þ ^mJm| _| OZVm _| g§Mma H$sgw{dYm Ho$ hoVw `h Amdí`H$ h¡ {H$ ^maV gaH$ma Ûmam amÁ` gaH$mam| Ho$ nam_e© go Am¡a {H$E JE{Ì^mfm gyÌ H$mo g^r amÁ`m| _| nyU©V: H$m`m©pÝdV H$aZo Ho$ {bE à^mdr Cnm` {H$E OmZo Mm{hE Ÿ& hgXZ g§H$ën H$aVm h¡ {H$ qhXr ^mfr -joÌm| _| qhXr VWm A§J«oOr Ho$ A{V[aº$ EH$ AmYw{ZH$^maVr` mfm Ho$ ê$n _| X{jU maV H$s mfmAm| _| go {H$gr EH$ H$mo VaOrh XoVo hþE Am¡a AqhXr^mfr joÌm| _| àmXo{eH$ ^mfmAm| Ed§ A§J«oOr Ho$ gmW-gmW qhXr Ho$ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE Cg gyÌ Ho$AZwgma à~ÝY {H$`m OmZm Mm{hE Ÿ&

4 Am¡a O~{H$ `h gw{ZpíMV H$aZm Amdí`H$ h¡ {H$ g§K H$s bmoH$ godmAm| Ho$ {df` _|Xoe Ho$ {d{^Þ ^mJm| Ho$ bmoJm| Ho$ Ý`m`mo{MV Xmdm| Am¡a {hVm| H$m nyU© n[aÌmU {H$`m OmE -

94

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

`h gXZ g§H$ën H$aVm h¡ -

H$) {H$ CZ {deof godmAm| AWdm nXm| H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a {OZHo$ {bE Eogr {H$gr godm AWdmnX Ho$$H$V©ì`m| Ho$ g§VmofOZH$ {ZînmXZ Ho$ hoVw Ho$db A§J«oOr AWdm qhXr AWdm XmoZm|, O¡gr {H$pñW{V hmo, {H$ Cƒ ñVa H$m kmZ Amdí`H$ g_Pm OmE, g§K godmAm| AWdm nXm| Ho$ {bE ^VuH$aZo hoVw Cå_rXdmam| Ho$ M`Z Ho$ g_` qhXr AWdm A§J«oOr _| go {H$gr EH$ H$m kmZ A{Zdm ©V:Ano{jV hmoJm, Am¡a

I) {H$ narjmAm| H$s ^mdr `moOZm, à{H«$`m g§~§Yr nhbwAm| Ed§ g_` Ho$ {df` _| g§KbmoH$godm Am`moJ Ho$ {dMma OmZZo Ho$ níMmV A{Ib maVr` Ed§ CƒVa Ho$ÝÐr` godmAm| g§~§YrnarjmAm| Ho$ {bE g§{dYmZ H$s AmR>dt AZwgyMr _| gpå_{bV g^r ^mfmAm| VWm A§J«oOr H$mod¡H${ënH$ _mÜ`_ Ho$ ê$n _| aIZo H$s AZw_{V hmoJr Ÿ&

2.1.15 amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_ 1976 :

amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_ _| H$s JB© ì`dñWm H$mo gaH$mar H$m_H$mO _| bmJy H$aZo Ho$ {bEamO^mfm {Z`_ 1976 ~ZmE JE h¢ Ÿ& Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ àË oH$ H$m`m©b` _| BZH$m nmbZ Amdí`H$h¡ Ÿ&

amO^mfm (g§K Ho$ emgH$s` à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE n« moJ )

{Z`_ 1976

(`Wm g§eeo{YV 1987)

^maV Ho$ 17 OwbmB© 76 Ho$ amOnÌ Ho$ ^mJ II, I§S> 3, CnI§S> (1) _| àH$m{eV

^maV gaH$ma, amO^mfm {d^mJ, ZB© {Xëbr H$s {XZm§H$ 28 OyZ, 1976 H$s A{YgyMZm

gm. H$m. {Z. 1052 Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma - amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_, 1963 (1963 H$m 19) H$sYmam 3 H$s CnYmam (4) Ho$ gmW n{R>V Ymam 8 Ûmam àXÎm e{º$`m| H$m à`moJ H$aVo hþE Ho$ÝÐr`gaH$ma {ZåZ{b{IV {Z`_ ~VmVr h¡ AWm©V² ;

1. g§{já Zm_, {dñVma Am¡a àma§^ -g§{já Zm_, {dñVma Am¡a àma§^ -g§{já Zm_, {dñVma Am¡a àma§^ -g§{já Zm_, {dñVma Am¡a àma§^ -g§{já Zm_, {dñVma Am¡a àma§^ - BZ {Z`_m| H$m g§{já Zm_ amO^mfm(g§K Ho$ emgH$s` à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE à`moJ) {Z`_ 1976 h¡ Ÿ&

2. BZH$m {dñVma V{_bZm‹Sy amÁ` Ho$ {gdm` g§nyU© ^maV na h¡ Ÿ&

95

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

Ÿ 3. o amOnÌ _| àH$meZ H$s VmarI H$mo àd¥Îm hm|Jo Ÿ&

2 n[a^mfmE± -n[a^mfmE± -n[a^mfmE± -n[a^mfmE± -n[a^mfmE± - BZ {Z`_m| _| O~ VH$ {H$ g§X © go AÝ`Wm Ano{jV Z hmo :

H$) A{Y{Z`_ go amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_ 1963 (1963 H$m 19) A{^àoV h¡ ;

I) "H|$Ðr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`' Ho$ A§VJ©V {ZåZ{b{IV ^r h¡, AWm©V² ;

i) Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma H$m H$moB© _§Ìmb`, {d^mJ m H$m`m©b`

ii) Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ûmam {Z wº$ {H$gr Am`moJ g{_{V m A{YH$aU H$m H$moB© H$m`m©b` Am¡a

iii) Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ ñdm{_Ëd _| m {Z §ÌU Ho$ AYrZ {H$gr {ZJ_ m H§$nZr H$m H$moB© H$m`m©b`

J) H$_©Mmar go Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b` _| {Z`mo{OV H$moB© ì`{º$ A{^àoV h¡ :

K) A{Ygy{MV H$m`m©b` go {Z`_ 10 Ho$ A{Y{Z`_ 4) Ho$ AYrZ A{Ygy{MV H$m`m©b` A{^àoV h¡ ;

L>) qhXr _| àdrUVm go {Z`_ 9 _| d{U©V àdrUVm A{^àoV h¡ ;

M) joÌ "H$' go {~hma, h[a`mUm, {h_mMb àXoe, _Ü`àXoe, amOñWmZ, CÎma àXoe Am¡a A§S>_mZ {ZH$mo~ma Ûrn g_yh Am¡a {Xëbr g§K amÁ`joÌ A{^àoV h¡ ;

N>) joÌ "J' go I§S> (M) Am¡a (N>) _| {Z{X©ï> amÁ`m| Am¡a g§K amÁ` joÌm| go {^Þ amÁ` VWm g§K amÁ` joÌ A{^àoV h¡ ;

O) qhXr H$m H$m`m©b` kmZ go {Z`_ 10 _| d{U©V H$m ©gmYH$ kmZ A{^àmoV h¡ Ÿ&

3..... amÁ`m| Am{X Am¡a Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| go {^ÞamÁ`m| Am{X Am¡a Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| go {^ÞamÁ`m| Am{X Am¡a Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| go {^ÞamÁ`m| Am{X Am¡a Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| go {^ÞamÁ`m| Am{X Am¡a Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| go {^Þ H$m`m©b`m| Ho$ gmW nÌm{X - H$m`m©b`m| Ho$ gmW nÌm{X - H$m`m©b`m| Ho$ gmW nÌm{X - H$m`m©b`m| Ho$ gmW nÌm{X - H$m`m©b`m| Ho$ gmW nÌm{X -

1. Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b` go joÌ "H$' _| {H$gr amÁ` `m g§K amÁ`joÌ H$mo `m g§KamÁ` joÌ _| {H$gr H$m`m©b`(Omo Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma H$m H$m`m©b` Z hmo) `m ì`{º$ H$mo nÌm{XAgmYmaU XemAm| H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a qhXr _| hm|Jo Am¡a `{X CZ_| {H$gr H$mo H$moB© nÌm{X A§J«oOr _| ^oOo

96

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

OmVo h¢ Vmo CZHo$ gmW CZH$m qhXr AZwdmX r oOm OmEJm Ÿ&

2 Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b` go -

H$) joÌ "I' _| {H$gr amÁ` `m g§K amÁ` joÌ H$mo `m Eogo amÁ` `m g§K joÌ _| {H$gr H$m`m©b` (Omo Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma H$m H$m`m©b` Z hmo) m ì`{º$ H$mo nÌm{X gmYmaU Vm¡a na qhXr _| hm|Jo Am¡a `{X BZ_| go {H$gr H$mo H$moB© nÌm{X A§J«oOr _| ^oOo OmVo h¢ Vmo CZHo$ gmW CgH$m qhXr AZwdmX ^r ^oOm OmEJm Ÿ&

na§Vw `{X H$moB© amÁ` `m g§K amÁ`joÌ `h MmhVm h¡ {H$ {H$gr {d{eï> dJ© `m àdJ© Ho$nÌm{X m CgHo$ {H$gr H$m`m©b` H$s gaH$ma Ûmam {d{Z{X©ï> Ad{Y VH$ A§J«oOr m qhXr _| oOo OmE±Am¡a CgHo$ gmW Xygar ^mfm _| CgH$m AZwdmX ^r oOm OmE Vmo Eogo nÌm{X Cgr ar{V go oOoOmE±Jo Ÿ&

I) joÌ "I' {H$gr amÁ` m g§K amÁ` joÌ _| {H$gr ì`{º$ H$mo nÌm{X qhXr m A§J«oOr _| ^oOo Om gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ&

3. Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b` Ho$ joÌ "J' _| {H$gr amÁ` `m g§K amÁ` joÌ H$mo `m Eogo amÁ` _| {H$gr H$m`m©b` H$mo nÌm{X A§J«oOr _| hm|Jo Ÿ&

4. Cn{Z`_ 1) Am¡a 2) _| {H$gr ~mV Ho$ hmoVo hþE ^r joÌ "J' _| Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b` go joÌ "H$' `m joÌ "I' _| {H$gr amÁ` `m g§K amÁ` joÌ H$mo `m Eogo amÁ` _| {H$gr H$m`m©b` (Omo Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b` Z hmo) `m ì`{º$ H$mo nÌm{X qhXr `m A§J«oOr _| hmo gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ&

4..... Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| Ho$ ~rM nÌm{X -Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| Ho$ ~rM nÌm{X -Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| Ho$ ~rM nÌm{X -Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| Ho$ ~rM nÌm{X -Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| Ho$ ~rM nÌm{X -

H$) H|$Ðr` gaH$ma Ho$ {H$gr EH$ _§Ìmb` `m {d^mJ Am¡a {H$gr Xygao _§Ìmb` `m{d^mJ Ho$ ~rM nÌm{X qhXr `m A§J«oOr _| hmo gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ&

I) Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ EH$ _§Ìmb` `m {d^mJ Am¡a joÌ "H$' _| pñWV g§b½Z `mAYrZñW H$m`m©b`m| Ho$ ~rM nÌm{X qhXr _| hm|Jo Am¡a Eogo AZwnmV _| hm|Jo OmoHo$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Eogo H$m`m©b`m| _| qhXr H$m H$m ©gmYH$ kmZ aIZo dmbo ì`{º$`m|H$s g§»`m qhXr _| nÌm{X oOZo H$s gw{dYmE± Am¡a Cggo g§~§{YV AmZwf§{JH$ ~mVm|H$m Ü`mZ aIVo hþE g_` na AdYm[aV H$a|, Ÿ

97

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

J) joÌ "H$' _| pñWV Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ "I' _§o H$m`m©b`m| Ho$ ~rM Omo I§S> "H$'`m I§S> "I' _| {d{Z{X©ï> H$m`m©b` go {^Þ h¡, nÌm{X qhXr _| hm|Jo ;

K) joÌ "H$' joÌ "I' `m joÌ "J' _| pñWV Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| Ho$ ~rMnÌm{X qhXr `m A§J«oOr _| hmo gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ&

L>) joÌ "I' `m "J' _| pñWV Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| Ho$ ~rM nÌm{X qhXr `mA§J«oOr _| hmo gH$Vo h¢ ;

na§Vw Ohm± Eogo nÌm{X -

i) "H$' joÌ Ho$ {H$gr H$m`m©b` H$mo g§~mo{YV hmo dhm± CZH$m Xygar mfm _| AZwdmX nÌm{X àmá H$aZo Ho$ ñWmZ na {H$`m OmEJm Ÿ&

ii) joÌ "J' _| {H$gr H$m`m©b` H$mo g§~mo{YV h¡ dhm± CZH$m Xygar mfm _| AZwdmX CZHo$ gmW ^oOm OmEJm ;

na§Vw `h Am¡a {H$ `{X H$moB© nÌm{X {H$gr A{Ygy{MV H$m`m©b` H$mo g§~mo{YV h¡ Vmo Xygar^mfm _| Eogm AZwdmX CnbãY H$amZo H$s Anojm Zht H$s OmEJr Ÿ&

5..... qhXr _| àmá nÌm{X Ho$ CÎma -qhXr _| àmá nÌm{X Ho$ CÎma -qhXr _| àmá nÌm{X Ho$ CÎma -qhXr _| àmá nÌm{X Ho$ CÎma -qhXr _| àmá nÌm{X Ho$ CÎma -

{Z`_ 3 Am¡a 4 _| {H$gr ~mV Ho$ hmoVo hþE ^r qhXr _| nÌm{X Ho$ CÎma Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$H$m`m©b` go qhXr _| {XE OmE§Jo Ÿ&

6..... qhXr Am¡a A§J«oOr XmoZm| H$m à`moJ - qhXr Am¡a A§J«oOr XmoZm| H$m à`moJ - qhXr Am¡a A§J«oOr XmoZm| H$m à`moJ - qhXr Am¡a A§J«oOr XmoZm| H$m à`moJ - qhXr Am¡a A§J«oOr XmoZm| H$m à`moJ -

A{Y{Z`_ H$s Ymam 3 H$s CnYmam (3) {d{Z{X©ï> g^r XñVmdoOm| Ho$ {bE qhXr Am¡a A§J«oOrXmoZm| H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmEJm Am¡a Eogo XñVmdoOm| na hñVmja H$aZo dmbo ì`{º$`m| H$m h CÎmaXm{`ËdhmoJm {H$ `h gw{ZpíMV H$a b| {H$ Eogo XñVmdoO qhXr Am¡a A§J«oOr _| XmoZm| _| V¡`ma {H$E OmVo h¡¢,{Zînm{XV {H$E OmVo h¢ Am¡a Omar {H$E OmVo h¢ Ÿ&

7..... AmdoXZ, Aä`mdoXZ Am{XAmdoXZ, Aä`mdoXZ Am{XAmdoXZ, Aä`mdoXZ Am{XAmdoXZ, Aä`mdoXZ Am{XAmdoXZ, Aä`mdoXZ Am{X -

1) H$moB© H$_©Mmar AmdoXZ Anrb `m Aä`mdoXZ qhXr `m A§J«oOr _| H$a gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ&2) O~ Cn{Z`_ (1) _| {Z{X©ï> H$moB© AmdoXZ, Anrb `m Aä`mdoXZ qhXr _|

{H$`m J`m hmo `m Cg na qhXr _| hñVmja {H$E JE hm|, Vmo CgH$m CÎma qhXr _| {X`m OmEJm Ÿ&

98

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

3) {X H$moB© H$_©Mmar h MmhVm h¡ {H$ godm g§~§Yr {df`m|({OZHo$ A§VJ©V AZwemg{ZH$H$m ©dm{h`m± ^r h¢) go g§~§{YV H$moB© AmXoe `m gyMZm {OgH$m H$_©Mmar na Vm_rb {H$`m OmZmAno{jV h¡ `WmpñW{V qhXr `m A§J«oOr _| hmoZr Mm{hE Vmo `h Cg Agå`H$ {db§~ Ho$ {~Zm Cgr^mfm _| Xr OmEJr Ÿ&

8..... Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| _| {Q>ßn{U`m| H$m {bImHo$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| _| {Q>ßn{U`m| H$m {bImHo$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| _| {Q>ßn{U`m| H$m {bImHo$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| _| {Q>ßn{U`m| H$m {bImHo$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| _| {Q>ßn{U`m| H$m {bIm

OmZm - OmZm - OmZm - OmZm - OmZm -

1) H$moB© H$_©Mmar {H$gr \$mBb na {Q>ßnUr m _gm¡Xm qhXr m A§J«oOr _| {bI gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Cggo `h Anojm Zht H$s OmEJr {H$ dh CgH$m AZwdmX Xygar ^mfm _| àñVwV H$ao Ÿ&

2) Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma H$m H$moB© H$_©Mmar Omo qhXr H$m H$m ©gmYH$ kmZ aIVm h¡, qhXr _| {H$gr XñVmdoO Ho$ A§J«oOr AZwdmX H$s _m§J V^r H$a gH$Vm h¡, O~ dh XñVmdoO {d{YH$ `m VH$ZrH$s àd¥{Îm H$m h¡, AÝ`Wm Zht Ÿ&

3) `{X `h àíZ CR>Vm h¡ {H$ H$moB© {d{eîQ>> XñVmdoO {d{YH$ `m VH$ZrH$s àH¥${V H$m h¡ `m Zht Vmo {d^mJ `m H$m`m©b` H$m àYmZ CgH$m {d{ZíM` H$aoJm Ÿ&

4) Cn{Z`_ 1) _| {H$gr ~mV Ho$ hmoVo hþE r Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma, AmXoe Ûmam Eogo A{Ygy{MV H$m`m©b`m| H$mo {d{Z{X©ï> H$a gH$Vr h¡ Ohm± Eogo H$_©Mm[a`m| Ûmam {OÝh| qhXr _| àdrUVm àmá h¡, {Q>ßnU, àmê$nU Am¡a Eogo emgH$s` à`moOZm| Ho$ {bE Omo AmXoe {d{Z{X©ï> {H$E OmE±, Ho$db qhXr H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmEJm Ÿ&

9. . . . . qhXr _| àdrUVm -qhXr _| àdrUVm -qhXr _| àdrUVm -qhXr _| àdrUVm -qhXr _| àdrUVm -

H$) _¡{Q´>H$ narjm `m CgH$s g_Vwë` `m Cggo CƒVa H$moB© narjm qhXr Ho$ _mÜ`_ go CÎmrU© H$a br h¡ `m

I) ñZmVH$ narjm _| m ñZmVH$ narjm H$s g_Vwë` m Cggo CƒVa {H$gr AÝ` narjm _| qhXr H$mo EH$ d¡H$pënH$ {df` Ho$ ê$n _| {b`m Wm ; `m

J) {X BZ {Z`_m| go Cnm~Õ àê$n go h KmofUm H$aVm h¡ {H$ CgZo qhXr _| àdrUVm àmá H$a br h¡ Ÿ&

99

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

10.. qhXr H$m H$m`©gmYH$ kmZqhXr H$m H$m`©gmYH$ kmZqhXr H$m H$m`©gmYH$ kmZqhXr H$m H$m`©gmYH$ kmZqhXr H$m H$m`©gmYH$ kmZ

1) `{X {H$gr H$_©Mmar Zo

i) _¡{Q´>H$ narjm m CgH$s g_Vwë` m Cggo CƒVa narjm qhXr {df` Ho$ gmW CÎmrU© H$a br h¡ ; `m

ii) Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma H$s qhXr à{ejU moOZm Ho$ AÝVJ©V Am`mo{OV àmê$n narjm `m Ohm± Cg gaH$ma Ûmam {H$gr {d{eîQ> àdJ© Ho$ nXm| Ho$ g§~§Y _| Cg `moOZm Ho$ AÝVJ©V H$moB© {ZåZ narjm {d{Z{X©ï> h¡, V~ dh narjm CÎmrU© H$a br h¡, `m

iii) Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ûmam Cg {Z{_Îm {d{Z{X©ï> H$moB© AÝ` narjm CÎmrU© H$a br h¡, `m

I) `{X dh BZ {Z`_m| Ho$ Cnm~Õ àmê$n _| `h KmofUm H$aVm h¡ {H$ CgZo kmZ àmá H$a {b`m h¡ Vmo CgHo$ ~mao _| h g_P OmEJm {H$ CgZo qhXr H$m H$m ©gmYH$ kmZ àmá H$a

{b`m h¡ Ÿ&

2. `{X Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ {H$gr H$m`m©b` _| H$m © H$aZo dmbo H$_©Mm[a`m| _| go Añgrà{VeV Zo qhXr H$m Eogm kmZ àmá H$a {b`m h¡, Vmo Cg H$m`m©b` Ho$ H$_©Mm[a`m| Ho$ ~mao _|gm_mÝ`V`m `h g_Pm OmEJm {H$ CÝhm|Zo qhXr H$m H$m ©gmYH$ kmZ àmá H$a {b`m h¡ Ÿ&

3. Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma `m Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ûmam Bg {Z{_Îm {d{Z{X©ï> H$moB© A{YH$mar `hAdYm[aV H$a gH$Vm h¡ {H$ Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ {H$gr H$m`m©b` Ho$ H$_©Mm[a`m| Zo qhXr H$m H$m ©gmYH$kmZ àmá H$a {b`m h¡ `m Zht Ÿ&

4. Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ {OZ H$m`m©b`m| Ho$ H$_©Mm[a`m| Zo qhXr H$m H$m ©gmYH$ kmZ àmá H$a{b`m h¡ `m H$m`m©b`m| Ho$ Zm_ amOnÌ _| A{Ygy{MV {H$E OmE±Jo Ÿ&

na§Vw `{X Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma H$s am` h¡ {H$ {H$gr A{Ygy{MV H$m`m©b` _| H$m_ H$aZo dmboAm¡a qhXr H$m H$m ©gmYH$ kmZ aIZo dmbo H$_©Mm[a`m| H$m à{VeV {H$gr VmarI go Cn{Z`_ 2) _|{d{Z{X©ï> à{VeV go H$_ hmo J`m h¡, Vmo dh amOnÌ _| A{YgyMZm Ûmam Kmo{fV H$a gH$Vr h¡ {H$ Cº$H$m`m©b` Cg VmarI go A{Ygy{MV H$m`m©b` Zht ah OmEJm Ÿ&

100

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

11....._¡Ý`wAb, g§{hVmE± Am¡a à{H«$`m g§~§Yr AÝ` gm{hË`, boIZ_¡Ý`wAb, g§{hVmE± Am¡a à{H«$`m g§~§Yr AÝ` gm{hË`, boIZ_¡Ý`wAb, g§{hVmE± Am¡a à{H«$`m g§~§Yr AÝ` gm{hË`, boIZ_¡Ý`wAb, g§{hVmE± Am¡a à{H«$`m g§~§Yr AÝ` gm{hË`, boIZ_¡Ý`wAb, g§{hVmE± Am¡a à{H«$`m g§~§Yr AÝ` gm{hË`, boIZ gm_J«r Am{X - gm_J«r Am{X - gm_J«r Am{X - gm_J«r Am{X - gm_J«r Am{X -

1) Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ H$m`m©b`m| go g§~§{YV g^r _¡ZwAb, g§{hVmE± Ed§ à{H«$`m g§~§Yr AÝ` gm{hË` qhXr Am¡a A§J«oOr XmoZm| _| {Û^mfr ê$n _|, `WmpñW{V, _w{X«V `m gmBŠbmoñQ>mBb {H$`m OmEJm Am¡a àH$m{eV {H$`m OmEJm Ÿ&

2) Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ {H$gr H$m`m©b` _| à`moJ {H$E OmZo dmbo a{OñQ>am| Ho$ àmê$n Am¡a erf©H$ qhXr Am¡a A§J«oOr _| hm|Jo Ÿ&

3) Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ {H$gr H$m`m©b` _| à`moJ Ho$ {H$E g^r Zm_nÅ>, gyMZm nQ²>Q>, nÌerf© Am¡a {b\$m\$m| na CËH$sU© boI VWm boIZ gm_J«r H$s AÝ` qhXr Am¡a A§J«oOr _| {bIr OmE±Jr, _w{ÐV `m CËH$sU© hm|Jr ;

na§Vw `{X Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Eogm H$aZm Amdí`H$ g_PVr h¡ Vmo dh gmYmaU `m {deofAmXoe Ûmam Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ {H$gr H$m`m©b` H$mo Bg {Z`_ Ho$ g^r m {H$Ýhr Cn~§Ym| go Ny>Q> XogH$Vr h¡ Ÿ&

12. AZwnmbZ H$m CÎmaXm{`Ëd -AZwnmbZ H$m CÎmaXm{`Ëd -AZwnmbZ H$m CÎmaXm{`Ëd -AZwnmbZ H$m CÎmaXm{`Ëd -AZwnmbZ H$m CÎmaXm{`Ëd -

1) Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma Ho$ àË oH$ H$m`m©b` Ho$ àemg{ZH$ n«YmZ H$m `h CÎmaXm{`Ëd hmoJm{H$ dh -

i) `h gw{ZpíMV H$ao {H$ A{Y{Z`_ Am¡a BZ {Z`_m| Ho$ Cn~§Ym| Am¡a A{Y{Z`_(2) Ho$ AYrZ Omar {H$E JE {ZX}em| H$m g_w{MV ê$n go AZwnmbZ hmo ahm h¡ ;Am¡a

ii) Bg à`moOZ Ho$ {bE Cn wº$ Am¡a à^mdembr Om±M Ho$ {bE Cnm` H$a| Ÿ&

2) Ho$ÝÐr` gaH$ma A{Y{Z`_ Am¡a BZ {Z`_m| Ho$ Cn~§Ym| Ho$ gå`H$ AZwnmbZ Ho$ {bEAnZo H$_©Mm[a`m| Am¡a H$m`m©b`m| H$mo g_`-g_` na Amdí`H$ {ZX}e Omar H$a gH$Vr h¡ Ÿ&

101

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

àê$nàê$nàê$nàê$nàê$n

({Z`_ 9 Am¡a 10 Xo{IE)

_¢ BgHo$ Ûmam `h KmofUm H$aVm h±ÿ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Ho$ AmYma na _wPo qhXr _| àdrUVmàmá h¡ Ÿ& _¢Zo qhXr H$m H$m ©gmYH$ kmZ àmá H$a {b`m h¡ -

hñVmja

VmarI

2.2 amï´>^mfm :amï´>^mfm :amï´>^mfm :amï´>^mfm :amï´>^mfm :

2.2.1 AW© :AW© :AW© :AW© :AW© :

amï´>>^mfm go A{^àm` Eogr ^mfm go h¡ Omo ^maV H$s g§nH©$ ^mfm ~Z gHo$ Am¡a {OgoamOH$s` mfm Ho$ ê$n _| ñdrH$ma {H$`m J`m hmo Ÿ& maV gaH$ma Zo 14 {gVå~a, 1949 H$mo qhXr H$moamï´>>^mfm Kmo{fV H$a {X`m Ÿ& maV _| qhXr mfm ~mobZo Am¡a g_PZo dmbo bmoJm| H$s g§»`m A{YH$h¡ Ÿ& AZoH$ AqhXr àXoem| Zo BgH$m g_W©Z {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Ho$db d¡Ym{ZH$ Ñ{ï> go hr Zht daZ²ì`mdhm[aH$ ê$n _| qhXr H$mo amï´>>^mfm Ed§ ^maV JUamÁ` H$s g§nH©$ ^mfm H$m ñWmZ àXmZ {H$`mJ`m h¡ Ÿ& qhXr hr g§ wº$ ^mfm h¡ {Ogo g§nH©$ ^mfm Ho$ ê$n _| ñdrH$ma {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ& AV: {H$grXoe/amï´> Ho$ {bE nmañn[aH$ {dMma-{d{Z_`, dmVm©bmn m ì`dhma Ho$ {bE A{YH$Va bmoJm| ÛmamñdrH¥$V mfm hr h_mar amï´>>^mfm qhXr h¡ Ÿ&

amï´>>^mfm Ho$ ê$n _| Vmo qhXr H$m AÜ``Z- AÜ`mnZ àË oH$ ^maVr` Ho$ {bE Amdí`H$VWm _hËdnyU© ñdrH$ma {H$`m OmVm ahm h¡ Ÿ& EH$ amï´>JrV, EH$ amï´>n{V, EH$ amï´>ÜdO, EH$g§{dYmZ dmbo amîQ´> Ho$ {bE maVr` _yb H$s EH$ amï´>>^mfm/ amO^mfm H$s {ZVm§V Amdí`H$Vm hmoZoHo$ H$maU qhXr H$mo h nX àXmZ {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg mfm Ho$ _mÚ_ go {d{^Þ àXoem| Ho$ {^Þ-{^Þ^mfm -^mfr bmoJ EH$ Xygao H$s ^mdZmAm| -{dMmam| H$mo gwZVo-g_PVo hþE EH$ Xygao Ho$ à{VAmË_r`Vm, ào_, g§doXZm, ghm`Vm ghmZw y{V Am¡a EH$Vm H$s mdZm H$m AZw d H$aVo h¢ Ÿ&

Bg{bE amï´>>^mfm qhXr H$m AÜ``Z H$aZm EH$ amï´>r` H$V©ì` H$s ny{V© h¡ Ÿ&

102

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

2.2.2 amï´>>^mfm Ho$ nj :amï´>>^mfm Ho$ nj :amï´>>^mfm Ho$ nj :amï´>>^mfm Ho$ nj :amï´>>^mfm Ho$ nj :

amï´>>^mfm / amO^mfm qhXr H$m AÜ``Z -AÜ`mnZ BZ njm| H$s Ñ{ï> go _hËdnyU© h¡ :

i) àemg{ZH$ nj

ii) amOZ¡{VH$ nj

iii) ì`mdgm{`H$ nj

iv) gm_m{OH$ nj

v) ì`mdhm[aH$ nj

vi) gm§ñH¥${VH$ nj

vii) gm{hpË`H$ nj

viii) kmZmË_H$ nj

i) ) ) ) ) àemg{ZH$ nj :àemg{ZH$ nj :àemg{ZH$ nj :àemg{ZH$ nj :àemg{ZH$ nj : Xoe Ho$ àemgZ Ho$ {d{dY {d^mJm| _| g§nH©$ ~ZmE aIZo _|{Z wº$ àemgH$m| VWm A{YH$m[a`m| H$mo qhXr mfm H$m kmZ à`m©á ghm`Vm nh±þMmVm h¡ Ÿ&

ii))))) amOZ¡{VH$ nj : amOZ¡{VH$ nj : amOZ¡{VH$ nj : amOZ¡{VH$ nj : amOZ¡{VH$ nj : AnZo àmÝV Ho$ A{V[aº$ AÝ` àmÝVm| Ho$ `m Ho$ÝÐr` amOZ¡{VH$ZoV¥Ëd Ho$ {bE g§gX H$s H$m ©dm{h`m| _| ^br-^m±{V ^mJ boZo Ho$ {bE qhXr ^mfm H$m kmZ AË §V_hËd aIVm h¡ Ÿ&

iii) ) ) ) ) ì`mdgm{`H$ nj :ì`mdgm{`H$ nj :ì`mdgm{`H$ nj :ì`mdgm{`H$ nj :ì`mdgm{`H$ nj : àm`: AZoH$ {e{jV ì`{º$ AnZo OrdZ-`mnZ Ho$ {bE_mV¥ mfm H$s Anojm AÝ` mfm Ho$ à{V AmJ«h àH$me H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& dm{UÁ` -ì`mnma, gyMZm -àgma,godm, g§nmXZ, AZwdmX, nÌH$m[aVm, {b{nH$, Ý`m`mb`, aob-S>mH$, AÜ`mnZ, goZm -nw{bg,{M{H$Ëgm, ~¢H$ VWm {dXoe godm Am{X joÌm| Ho$ {bE qhXr mfm H$s Amdí`H$Vm ~hþV ~‹T> MwH$s h¡ Ÿ&

iv) ) ) ) ) gm_m{OH$ nj :gm_m{OH$ nj :gm_m{OH$ nj :gm_m{OH$ nj :gm_m{OH$ nj : qhXr go gm_m{OH$ nj H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& g_ñV gm_m{OH$H$m ©-H$bmnm| _| ^mfm H$s Ah_ y{_H$m h¡ Ÿ& ^mfm Ho$ Ûmam hr _mZdm| _| gm_m{OH$ JwUm|, _yë`m|,_mÝ`VmAm| Am¡a ì`dhma Hw$ebVmAm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡ Ÿ&

v) ) ) ) ) ì`mdhm[aH$ nj :ì`mdhm[aH$ nj :ì`mdhm[aH$ nj :ì`mdhm[aH$ nj :ì`mdhm[aH$ nj : qhXr Ho$ ì`mdhm[aH$ nj go bmoJm| H$m ~‹S>m CnH$ma hmoVm h¡ Ÿ&do AnZo àXoem| Ho$ A{V[aº$ AÝ` ñWmZm| , Xoem| H$s `mÌm H$aZo, AÝ` àXoem| Ho$ bmoJm| H$s g^m-g§Jmo{ð>`m| _| ^mJ boZo VWm {dMmam| H$m AmXmZ-àXmZ H$aZo _| qhXr H$m kmZ AË §V Amdí`H$ h¡ Ÿ&

vi) ) ) ) ) gm§ñH¥${VH$ nj :gm§ñH¥${VH$ nj :gm§ñH¥${VH$ nj :gm§ñH¥${VH$ nj :gm§ñH¥${VH$ nj : qhXr ^mfm H$m g§~§Y g§ñH¥${V go h¡ Ÿ& qhXr ^mfm H$s ghm`Vmgo ì`{º$ gä`Vm, g§ñH¥${V, na§nam, OrdZ àd¥{Îm, AmXe©, {MÝVZ Ymam Am{X Ho$ gmW n[a{MV hmoVm

103

à`moOZ_ybH$ qhXr

h¡ Ÿ& Bggo bmoJm| Ho$ Ñ{ï>H$moU _| CXmÎmrH$aU H$m n`m©á {dH$mg hmoVm h¡ Ÿ&

vii) ) ) ) ) gm{hpË`H$ nj :gm{hpË`H$ nj :gm{hpË`H$ nj :gm{hpË`H$ nj :gm{hpË`H$ nj : qhXr ^mfm H$m gm{hË` go K{Zð> g§~§Y h¡ Ÿ& b{bV,gm{hË`, Cn`moJr gm{hË` H$m kmZ àmá H$aZo Am¡a Cgr mfm _| AnZo kmZ H$mo ì`º$ H$aZo Ho$ {bEqhXr mfm H$s AÀN>r y{_H$m h¡ Ÿ& mfm ì`dñWm VwbZm Ho$ A{V[aº$ XmoZm| mfmAm| Ho$ gm{hË` _|é{M aIZodmbo bmoJm| H$s gm{hË`-VwbZm H$m gwAdga ^r {_bVm h¡ Ÿ&

viii)))))kmZmË_H$ nj :kmZmË_H$ nj :kmZmË_H$ nj :kmZmË_H$ nj :kmZmË_H$ nj : ^mfm H$m g§~§Y kmZ go h¡ Ÿ& qhXr go kmZ joÌ _| n`m©á {dH$mghmoVm h¡ Ÿ& ~mbH$ H$m àma§{^H$ kmZmO©Z H$m _mÜ`_ _mV¥ mfm h¡ Ÿ& AÝ` ^mfm (qhXr) go kmZ H$s{d{dY emImAm| O¡go (gm{hË`, {dkmZ, B{Vhmg, H$bm, _mZ{dH$s, VH$ZrH$s {df` Am{X) H$m{dH$mg hmoVm h¡ Ÿ&

2.2.3 amï´>^mfm qhXr H$m _hËd :amï´>^mfm qhXr H$m _hËd :amï´>^mfm qhXr H$m _hËd :amï´>^mfm qhXr H$m _hËd :amï´>^mfm qhXr H$m _hËd :

i) amï´>^mfm H$mo Xoe Ho$ gå_mZ H$m àVrH$ _mZm OmVm h¡ Š`m|{H$ amï´> Bgr ^mfm _| hr AnZo H$mo {díd Ho$ g_j A{^ì`º$ H$a nmVm h¡ Ÿ&

ii) amï´>^mfm àoaUm H$m lmoV h¡ Ÿ& qhXr mfm go g_J« Xoedm{g`m| H$mo EH$OwQ> hmoZo H$s àoaUm {_bVr h¡ Ÿ&

iii) amï´>^mfm H$m {dH$mg amï´> H$s CÞ{V go Ow‹S>m hþAm h¡ Ÿ& AV: Bgo A{YH$ g_¥Õembr ~ZmZo H$m à`mg g^r H$mo H$aZm Mm{hE Ÿ&

iv) amï´>^mfm qhXr _| amOZr{VH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, Ym{_©H$ VWm e¡j{UH$ g^r àH$ma Ho$ H$m © ì`dhmam| Ho$ g§MmbZ H$s nyU© j_Vm h¡ Ÿ& `h gab, ~moYJå` Am¡a d¡km{ZH$ h¡ Ÿ& BgH$s {b{n XodZmJar h¡ Ÿ&

v) amï´>^mfm qhXr _| EH$ JhZ mdZmË_H$ bJmd h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| nmañn[aH$ gm¡hmX©, g§nH©$ Am¡a gm_§Oñ` H$s ^mdZm h¡ Ÿ& g_J« amï´> Ho$ {bE nmañn[aH$ {dMma {d{Z_`, dmVm©bmn VWm X¡Z§{XZ ì`dhma Ho$ {bE amï´>^mfm qhXr ñdrH¥$V h¡ Ÿ&

vi) amï´>^mfm qhXr H$m g§~§Y g_Ýd`mË_H$ g§ñH¥${V Am¡a na§nam go h¡ Ÿ& Bg{bE Bgo mfm Ho$ _mÜ`_ go {^Þ-{^Þ mfm-^mfr bmoJ EH$ Xygao H$s mdZmAmo§, {dMmam| H$mo gwZVo Am¡a g_PVo h¢ Ÿ& Bggo nañna Ho$ à{V ào_, g§doXZm, AmË_r`Vm Am¡a EH$Vm H$m ^md ~‹T>Vm h¡ Ÿ&

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vii) amï´>^mfm g_ñV njm| H$s Ñ{ï> go _hËdnyU© h¡ - àemg{ZH$, amOZr{VH$, ì`mdhm[aH$, ì`mdgm{`H$, gm{hpË`H$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, gm_m{OH$, Ym{_©H$ Am¡a kmZmË_H$ nj Ÿ&

viii) amï´>^mfm amï´> H$m Jm¡ad h¡ Ÿ& qhXr mfm H$s {ejm {díd Ho$ AZoH$ ñHy$bm|, H$m°boOm| VWm {díd{dÚmb`m| _| Xr OmVr h¡ Ÿ&

ix) amï´>^mfm qhXr maV Am¡a {díd H$s bmoH${à` mfm h¡ Ÿ& h {\$ë_m|, g_mMma nÌm| , Ymamdm{hH$m| H$s ^mfm h¡ Ÿ& Q>obr{dOZ Ho$ AZoH$ H$m ©H«$_ qhXr _| àX{e©V h¢ Ÿ&

x) qhXr H${d`m|, H$d{`{Ì`m|, boIH$m|, ZmQ²>`H$mam|, {Z~ÝYH$mam|, AmbmoMH$m| Am{X gm{hË`H$mam| Zo amï´>^mfm qhXr H$s AHy$V godm H$s h¡ Ÿ& AmO ^r ~hþV g§»`m _| gm{hË`H$ma qhXr _| {bIH$a amï´>^mfm H$s godm H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& BZH$s AZwn_ aMZmAm| go amï´>^mfm H$m gå_mZ A{YH$m{YH$ ~‹T> ahm h¡ Ÿ&

2.2.4 qhXr H$mo amï´>^mfm, amO^mfm ~ZmZo Ho$ H$maU :qhXr H$mo amï´>^mfm, amO^mfm ~ZmZo Ho$ H$maU :qhXr H$mo amï´>^mfm, amO^mfm ~ZmZo Ho$ H$maU :qhXr H$mo amï´>^mfm, amO^mfm ~ZmZo Ho$ H$maU :qhXr H$mo amï´>^mfm, amO^mfm ~ZmZo Ho$ H$maU :

1. qhXr Cg _Ü` Xoe H$s ^mfm h¡ {OgH$s ^mfmE± àmMrZ H$mb go hr ^maV H$s Ym{_©H$ gm_m{OH$ amOZ¡{VH$ EH$Vm H$m _mÜ`_ ahr Wr Ÿ&

2. qhXr mfm gab, gw~moY Am¡a bMrbr h¡ Ÿ& Bg{bE qhXr BVa mfm -^mfr H$mo g§nH©$ ^mfm Ho$ ~mOmê$ ê$n H$s qhXr grIZo _| H$moB© H${R>ZmB© Zht hmoVr Ÿ&

3. Xoe/amï´>> H$s AmYr go A{YH$ OZ§»`m Bgo _mV¥ mfm Ho$ ê$n _| à`moJ, ì`dhma H$aVr h¡ Ÿ&

4. qhXr H$s gm{hpË`H$/dm§J_` naånam AÝ` amï´>r` mfmAm| Ho$ g_mZ hr n`m©á {dH${gV ahr h¡ Ÿ&

5. qhXr H$mo g§nH©$ ^mfm Ho$ ê$n _| n§Om~r, CXy© ^mfr, nmagr, CÎma ^maV Ho$ B©gmB© JwOamVr-_hmamï´> -~§Jmb H$s A{YH$m§e OZg§»`m, Ag_ Ho$ Mm` ~mJmZ Ho$ _OXya _Ðmg ZJa Ho$ Hw$br -Vm§Jo, [aŠeodmbo àm`: N>moQ>o-~‹S>o XwH$ZXma Am{X à`moJ H$aVo Am aho h¢ Ÿ&

6. nhbo amZr bú_r~mB©, ~hmXwaemh, ZmZm gmh~, Vm§Ë`m Q>mono Zo OZ-OmJaU VWm amï´>r` ^mdZm H$m nmofU qhXr Ho$ _mÜ`_ go hr {H$`m Wm Ÿ&

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7.^maV Ho$ ~mha ahZo dmbo ^maVr` H«$m§{VH$m[a`m| Zo ^r AmOmXr qhXr Ho$ AI~ma {ZH$mbH$a ~wbÝX H$s Wr Ÿ& AmOmX qhX \$m¡O H$s bJ^J g^r H$m ©dm{h`m± qhXr _| hr MbVr Wr Ÿ&

8. {d{^Þ àmÝVm| go AmZo -OmZodmbo ì`mnmar, VrW© mÌr, gmYw-g§V AnZo ì`mnm[aH$, Ym{_©H$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ VWm X¡{ZH$ {H«$`mH$bmnm| Ho$ {bE qhXr H$m hr à`moJ H$aVo aho h¢ Ÿ&

9.^maV Ho$ {d{^Þ joÌm|/àXoem| _| {~Zm {H$gr AmXoe go qhXr H$m à`moJ-ì`dhma {H$`m OmVm Wm Ÿ&

10. gZ² 1947B©. go nyd© qhXr {gZo_m Ho$ Ûmam qhXr BVa joÌm| Ho$ OZ-gm_mÝ` _| qhXr H$m àMma-ì`dhma Ama§^ hmo MwH$m Wm Ÿ&

11. 19 dt gXr VH$ qhXr H$m àMma-àgma Y_©, g§JrV, g_mO godm, ì`mnma, amOH$m © Am{X Ho$ {bE gmYw-g§V, n§{S>V, VrW© mÌr, _wgm{\$a, _m¡bdr, gaXma- {gnmhr, _OXya, H$marJa, ì`mnmar Am{X Ho$ Ûmam ghO ê$n go hmoVm ahm Ÿ& 20dt gXr Ho$ Ama§ go amï´> H$s H$ënZm Am¡a MoVZm Ho$ gmW-gmW amîQ´>^mfm VWm CgHo$ àMma-àgma na amï´> ZoVmAm|, XoegodH$m| Zo ~b XoZm Ama§^ H$a {X`m Wm Ÿ& {Og {XZ bmb bmOnVam` Zo AnZm ^mfU qhXr _| {X`m Wm, Cgr {XZ go bmoJm| _| qhXr H$mo amï´>^mfm ~ZmZo H$s ^mdZm nZn JB© Wr Ÿ&

12. Bg àH$ma 20dt gXr Ho$ AÝV VH$ qhXr {ejU/ à{ejU Ho$ joÌ _| AZoH$ g§ñWmE±. g{_{V`m±, gaH$ma| _hËdnyU© `moJ XoVr ahr h¢ ;

O¡go -ZmJar àMm[aUr g^>m (dmamUgr) ; qhXr gm{hË` gå_obZ (à`mJ) ; qhXr {dÚmnrR> (à`mJ) ; X{jU ^maVr` qhXr àMma g^m (_Ðmg); JwOamV {dÚmnrR> (Ah_Xm~mX) ; Ho$ab qhXr àMma g^m({Vé~ZÝV nwa_²) ; qhXr {dÚmnrR> (XodKa)({~hma) ; qhXr àMma g^m(h¡Xam~mX) ; amï´>^mfm àMma g{_{V (dYm©); {hÝXwñVmZr àMma g^m(_§w~B©) ; maVr` qhXr n[afX(Bbmhm~mX) ; Ho$ÝÐr` qhXr {ZXoemb` (ZB© {Xëbr) ; Ho$ÝÐr` qhXr {ejU _§S>b(AmJam) ; A{Ib maVr` qhXr g§ñWm g§K (ZB© {Xëbr) ; qhXr gbmhH$ma g{_{V Am{X g{H«$` Ÿh¢ &

Bg àH$ma qhXr Ho$ àMma -àgma Ho$ gmW-gmW {ejU -à{ejU VWm gaH$mar H$m_H$mO_| qhXr amï´>^mfm qhXr H$m à`moJ n`m©á _mÌm _| àJ{V H$a MwH$m h¡, hmo ahm h¡ Am¡a hmoVm ahoJm Ÿ&

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2.2.5 {ZîH$f© : {ZîH$f© : {ZîH$f© : {ZîH$f© : {ZîH$f© :

qhXr ^aVdf© H$s amï´>^mfm h¡ Ÿ& amï´>^mfm H$s {d{dYVm _| ^mdZmË_H$ EH$Vm H$m _yb_§Ìg_m{hV h¡ Ÿ& qhXr H$m à`moJ maVdf© Ho$ {dñVrU© m¡Jmo{bH$ mJm| _| hmoVm h¡ Omo amï´>^mfm H$s ~hþV~‹S>r {deofVm h¡ Ÿ& {d{^Þ AqhXr ^mfr bmoJ AnZr ^mfm Ho$ gmW qhXr H$m à`moJ ~‹S>o AmJ«h goH$aVo h¢ Ÿ& qhXr Xoe Ho$ A{YH$m§e bmoJm| H$s _mZ{gH$ pñW{V Am¡a ñdrH¥${V na à{V{ð>V h¡ Ÿ&amï´>^mfm H$m gå_mZ Xoe H$mo Jm¡ad J[a_m àXmZ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a H$aVm ahoJm Ÿ& AV: qhXr maVdf©H$s amï´>^mfm, amO^mfm, OZ^mfm, gO©ZmË_H$ mfm, _mÜ`_ mfm Am¡a g§Mma mfm h¡ Ÿ&

2.3 g§Mma ^mfm :g§Mma ^mfm :g§Mma ^mfm :g§Mma ^mfm :g§Mma ^mfm :

2.3.1 AW© :AW© :AW© :AW© :AW© :

AmYw{ZH$ ^maVr` Am © mfmAm| _| qhXr gdm©{YH$ ì`{º$`m| Ûmam ~mobr Am¡a à`moJ H$sOmZo dmbr ^mfm h¡ Ÿ& qhXr ^maV H$s amï´>r`Vm Am¡a Apñ_Vm H$s ^r n[aMm`H$ h¡ Ÿ&

g§Mma AmO Ho$ wJ H$m EH$ AË §V _hËdnyU© AÜ``Z h¡ Ÿ& ^mfm EH$ Vah H$m g§Mma_mÜ`_ hr h¡ Ÿ& O~ h_ {H$gr Xygao ì`{º$ VH$ AnZr ~mV nh±þMmZm MmhVo h¢ Vmo mfm H$s hr _XXboVo h¢ Ÿ& g§Mma Ho$ joÌ _| Omo àm¡Úmo{JH$s {dH${gV hþB© h¡ CgHo$ H$maU bmIm|-H$amo‹S>m| bmoJm| Ho$ nmggyMZm nh±þM OmVr h¡ Ÿ& AmOH$b g_mMma nÌ, ao{S>`mo, Q>obr{dOZ, {gZo_m Am{X Zo g§Mma -à{H«$`m H$mo ~hþV ì`mnH$ ~Zm {X`m h¡ Ÿ& H§$ß yQ>a Zo ha Vah Ho$ g§Mma _mÜ`_m| H$mo EH$ {ZpíMVñWmZ na CnbãY H$am {X`m h¡ Ÿ&

g§Mma ^mfm _ybV: g§àofU h¡ Ÿ& h_ {d{^Þ g§Mma _mÜ`_m| go qhXr Ho$ ~‹T>Vo à`moJ Am¡aà`w{º$`m| H$mo XoI gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ& g§Mma hr EH$ ì`mnH$ g ©O{ZH$ _mÜ`_ h¡ {Oggo h_ g§Xoe oOgH$Vo h¢ Ÿ&

2.3.2 g§Mma Ho$ ñVa :g§Mma Ho$ ñVa :g§Mma Ho$ ñVa :g§Mma Ho$ ñVa :g§Mma Ho$ ñVa :

g§Mma H$s Xyar à{H«$`m Ho$ Mma ñVa hmoVo h¢ :

1. àofH$, Omo g§Xoe ^oOVm h¡

2. g§Xoe

3. _mÜ`_ AWm©V² {OgHo$ O[aE g§Xoe oOm OmEJm Ÿ&

4. àmáH$Vm©/ àmáofw `mZo g§Xoe àmá H$aZo dmbm Ÿ&

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{H$gr r Vah H$m g§Xoe BZ Mma ñVam| go JwOaVm h¡ Ÿ& O~ H$moB© ~mobVm h¡ Vmo dh g§Xoe H$màofH$ h¡ Ÿ& dh Omo ~mV ~moboJm, dh g§Xoe hmoJm Ÿ& {Og mfm _| dh ~moboJm, dh g§Xoe H$m _mÜ`_hmoJm Am¡a gwZZodmbm Cg g§Xoe H$m àmáH$Vm© hmoJm Ÿ&

^mfm hr g§Xoe H$m _mÜ`_ h¡ Ÿ& g_mMma -nÌ, ao{S>`mo, H§$ß yQ>a, XyaXe©Z Am{X g§Mmam| H$m_mÜ`_ hr ^mfm h¡ ; Mmho qhXr hmo `m A§J«oOr `m AÝ` H$moB© ^mfm bo{H$Z qhXr ^mfm hr g~goA{YH$ à`moJ hmoZo dmbr ^mfm h¡ Ÿ& Bg{bE ^mfm g§Xoe Ho$ g§àofU H$m Eogm _mÜ`_ h¡ {OgH$mBñVo_mb g{X`m| go _Zwî` H$aVm Am ahm h¡ Ÿ&

AmO qhXr ^mfm H$mo g§Mma ^mfm Ho$ ê$n _| A{YH$ _hËd {X`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& {dkmZ Am¡aàm¡Úmo{JH$ Zo EH$ ZB© g§Mma ^mfm H$mo OÝ_ {X`m h¡ {Og_| g§Ho$Vmjam|, {b{n-{MÝhm| Am¡a Hy$Q> nXm|H$s ~hþbVm h¡ Ÿ& A~ gdm}Îm_ g§Mma ^mfm dh h¡ {Og_| H$_-go-H$_ dUm©jam| H$m à`moJ {H$`mOmE Ÿ& Eogr hr mfm H$mo H§$ß yQ>a _| am Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& AmO H§$ß yQ>a g_ñV {díd-kmZ H$mo AnZo^rVa g_m{hV H$a gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ&

2.3.3 g§Mma Ho$ _mÜ`_g§Mma Ho$ _mÜ`_g§Mma Ho$ _mÜ`_g§Mma Ho$ _mÜ`_g§Mma Ho$ _mÜ`_

2.3.3.1 _w{ÐV _mÜ`_ _w{ÐV _mÜ`_ _w{ÐV _mÜ`_ _w{ÐV _mÜ`_ _w{ÐV _mÜ`_

_wÐU Ho$ §Ìm| Ho$ Am{dîH$ma Ho$ H$maU {b{IV gm_J«r OZVm VH$ nh±þM nmB© h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$H$maU nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| H$m àH$meZ g§ d hmo gH$m Ÿ& g_mMma nÌm| _| g_mMmam| Ho$ Abmdm Am¡a~hþV Vah H$s gm_J«r r hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& d¡go n{ÌH$mAm| _| r gm{hË` H$s {d{^Þ {dYmAm| na (H$hmZr,H${dVm, ZmQ>H$, {Z~§Y, \$sMa Am{X) àH$me S>mbm OmVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma _w{ÐV _mÜ`_ go g§MmaH$m ì`mnH$ ê$n go n«gma g§ d hþAm h¡ Ÿ&

2.3.3.2 lì` _mÜ`_ : lì` _mÜ`_ : lì` _mÜ`_ : lì` _mÜ`_ : lì` _mÜ`_ :

^mfm Eogr hmo Omo gwZH$a AmgmZr go g_Pr Om gHo$ Ÿ& ao{S>`mo hr Eogm g§Mma _mÜ`_ h¡{Og_| {dÚwV Va§Jm| Ho$ Ûmam g§Xoe nh±þMm`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& {Og g_` ^mfm Ho$ Ûmam AmdmO H$mo ào{fV{H$`m OmVm h¡, R>rH$ Cgr g_` dh g¡H$‹S>m| _rb Xya gwZ br OmVr h¡ na§Vw BgH$s r gr_m h¡ Ÿ& qhXr^mfm Ho$ _mÜ`_ go ao{S>Amo na {g\©$ g_mMmam| H$m àgmaU Zht hmoVm, ~pëH$ Cg na dmVm©, ZmQ>H$,gmjmËH$ma, g§JrV e¡{jH$ VWm AZoH$ _Zmoa§OZ d {ejUr` H$m ©H«$_ ^r àgm[aV hmoVo h¢ Ÿ& BgàH$ma qhXr ^mfm H$m àMma-àgma XmoZm| _mÜ`_m| go hmoVm ahVm h¡ Ÿ&

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2.3.3.3 Ñí` _mÜ`_ :Ñí` _mÜ`_ :Ñí` _mÜ`_ :Ñí` _mÜ`_ :Ñí` _mÜ`_ :

dñVwV: {gZo_m Am¡a Q>obr{dOZ Ho$ Ñí` _mÜ`_m| go qhXr mfm H$m g§àofU n`m©á ê$n go hmoahm h¡ Ÿ& BZ_| h_ Ñí`m| H$mo XoIZo Ho$ gmW-gmW AmdmO H$mo gwZVo r h¡ Ÿ& BZ_| Ñí`m| H$s àYmZVmhmoVr h¡ Am¡a AmdmO H$s y{_H$m AZwdVu hmoVr h¡ Ÿ&

BZ XmoZm| _mÜ`_m| go H$B© Vah Ho$ H$m`©H«$_ {XImE OmVo h¢ Ÿ& bo{H$Z {gZo_m H$m à`moJAm_Vm¡a na `m H$WmË_H$ {\$ë_m| Ho$ {bE `m d¥Îm {MÌm| Ho$ {bE hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& O~{H$ Q>obr{dOZ naH$WmË_H$ {\$ë_m| Ho$ Abmdm g_mMma d¥Îm , {MÌ, gmjmËH$ma Am{X H$B© Vah Ho$ H$m ©H«$_ qhXr^mfm _| {XImE OmVo h¢ Ÿ& Bg{bE BZ lì` _mÜ`_m| go g§Mma _| qhXr mfm H$s {deofVm {d{dYVm,àmg§{JH$Vm Am¡a aMZmË_H$Vm ghO ê$n go XoIr Om gH$Vr h¡ Ÿ&

Bg àH$ma {d{^Þ àH$ma Ho$ g§Mma _mÚ_m| _| AbJ-AbJ {dYmAm| _| ^mfm ^r AbJhmoVr h¡ Ÿ& mfm _| h A§Va _mÜ`_ H$s {d{eï>Vm Ho$ H$maU AmVm h¡ Ÿ& h mfm dñVwnaH$Vm Am¡aVÏ`mË_H$Vm Ho$ AZwHy$b hr h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| boIH$/H${d H$s AnZr e¡br H$m à^md h¡ Ÿ& ^mfm Ho$ñdê$n Ho$ AZwgma g§dmX r à{V{~på~V hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& My§{H$ qhXr mfm g~go A{YH$ gab Am¡a gw~moYh¡ ; Bg{bE lì`, Ñí` _mÜ`_ Am{X _| BgH$m à`moJ ~hþV A{YH$ hmoVm h¡ Ÿ&

2.3.4 g§Mma _mÜ`_m| _| qhXr ^mfm Am¡a {eën _hËd :g§Mma _mÜ`_m| _| qhXr ^mfm Am¡a {eën _hËd :g§Mma _mÜ`_m| _| qhXr ^mfm Am¡a {eën _hËd :g§Mma _mÜ`_m| _| qhXr ^mfm Am¡a {eën _hËd :g§Mma _mÜ`_m| _| qhXr ^mfm Am¡a {eën _hËd :

OZg§Mma Ho$ _mÜ`_m| _| mfm H$m ~hþV _hËd hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& _w{ÐV, lì` Am¡a Ñí` _mÜ`_m| _|^mfm H$m à`moJ AË §V gmdYmZr Am¡a Hw$ebVm go H$aZm Mm{hE Ÿ&

qhXr ^maV H$s g~go A{YH$ ~mobr OmZo dmbr amï´>^mfm Am¡a amO^mfm h¡ Ÿ& `h Xoe H$sg§nH©$ mfm h¡ Ÿ& h g_mMma nÌm|, {\$ë_m§o Am¡a Q>obr{dOZ H$s geº$ mfm h¡ Ÿ& Bg{bE qhXr mfmH$mo g§Mma _mÜ`_m| _| à`moJ H$aVo g_` `h Ü`mZ aIZm Mm{hE {H$ O¡go Bgo AqhXr ^mfr joÌ Ho$bmoJ VWm qhXr kmZ gm_mÝ` ê$n go aIZo dmbo bmoJ AmgmZr go g_P gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ& g§Mma _mÜ`_ Ho$AZwgma ^mfm H$m ñdê$n hmoZm Mm{hE Ÿ& AV: bmoJm| H$s e¡{jH$, ^m¡Jmo{bH$ VWm gm_m{OH$ ñVaH$s {^ÞVmAm| H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a qhXr ^mfm H$m à`moJ aMZmË_H$ T>§J go H$aZm Amdí`H$ h¡ Ÿ&g§Mma ^mfm _| {b{IV ^mfm Am¡a _m¡{IH$ ^mfm H$m A§Va g_PZm Oê$ar h¡ Ÿ& My§{H$ qhXr ^mfmgab, ~moYJå` Am¡a ghO g§àoî` h¡ ; Bg{bE BgH$m g§Mma _mÜ`_m| _| ~hþV _hËd h¡ Ÿ&

àË oH$ g§Mma _mÜ`_ H$m AnZm {eën hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& ao{S>Amo _| AmdmO Ho$ Ûmam ñdm^m{dH$T>§J go gyMZm Xr OmVr h¡ Ÿ& O¡gm {eën {dH${gV hmoVm h¡ d¡gr mfm H$m à`moJ hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& {eën H$m

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{ZYm©aU _mÜ`_ Vmo H$aVm hr h¡ Ÿ; {dYm Am¡a {df` ^r H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& ZmQ>H$m| d AÝ` aMZmË_H${dYmAm| _| {eënJV à`moJ H$m A{YH$ _hËd h¡ Ÿ& Ñí` _mÜ`_m| _| Ñí` Am¡a ^mfm {_bH$a g§XoeH$m AW© ì §{OV H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& lì` _mÜ`_m| _| pñW{V Am¡a {df` dñVw Ho$ AZwgma Üd{Z`m| H$mBñVo_mb H$aHo$ EH$ {deof àH$ma H$m dmVmdaU àñVwV hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& Ñí`-_mÜ`_m| {\$ë_m|, Q>obr{dOZAm{X _| Ñí`, g§JrV, Üd{Z, {MÌm|, aoIm§H$Zm| Am{X H$m à`moJ qhXr ^mfm Ho$ g§Ho$V _mÜ`_m| H$moÜ`mZ _| aIH$a {H$`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

Bg{bE qhXr ^mfm My§{H$ gab Am¡a aMZmË_H$ JwUm| go wº$ h¡ ; Bg{bE {df` -dñVwAm|H$mo g§Mma _mÜ`_m| go à^mdembr T>§J go A{^ì`º$ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& qhXr ^mfm Am_Vm¡a naBñVo_mb hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& g§Mma _mÜ`_m| _| qhXr mfm ì`mnH$ ê$n go à wº$ hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& ao{S>`mo, Q>obr{dOZ,{gZo_m, H§$ß yQ>a, g_mMma -nÌ Am{X OZg§Mma _mÜ`_ h¡ Vmo Q>obr\$moZ, Vma, \¡$Šg, B©-_ob Am{Xd¡ {º$H$ _mÜ`_ h¡ Am¡a BZ g_ñV _mÜ`_m| _| qhXr ^mfm H$m _hËd gdm©{YH$ h¡ Ÿ& g§Mma _mÜ`_m|Ho$ AZwHy$b qhXr H$s EH$ à^mdembr N>{d C^a ahr h¡ Ÿ& g§Mma mfm Ho$ ê$n _| qhXr ZE H$s{V©_mZñWm{nV H$a ahr h¡ Ÿ& AmO g§Mma _mÜ`_ Ho$ ZE-ZE amñVo Iwb JE h¢ Ÿ& g§Mma _mÜ`_m| _| qhXr H$m_hËd ~hþV ~‹T> ahm h¡ Ÿ&

2.4 H$mì` ^mfm :H$mì` ^mfm :H$mì` ^mfm :H$mì` ^mfm :H$mì` ^mfm :

2.4.1 H$mì` H$m AW© : H$mì` H$m AW© : H$mì` H$m AW© : H$mì` H$m AW© : H$mì` H$m AW© :

H$mì` H$m AW© H${d Am¡a nmR>H$ Ho$ md gmå` go dmŠ` H$mo nyU©Vm {_bVr h¡ Ÿ& H${d H$mn[al_ V^r gmW©H$ hmoVm h¡ O~ CgH$s H${dVm H$m H$moB© agmñdmXZ H$ao Ÿ& H${dVm Ho$ agmñdmX Ho${bE Hw$N> gmYZm| H$s Oê$aV hmoVr h¡ {OZ_| g~go nhbo H${d Ho$ à{V ghmZw y{V Amdí`H$ h¡ Ÿ&agmñdmX Ho$ {bE H${d H$s à{V^m go OmZH$mar àmá H$aZm Oê$ar h¡ Ÿ& Am¡a à{V^m Ho$ AÜ`VZHo${bE h_| H$^r-H$^r g_H$mbrZ VWm {^ÞH$mbrZ H${d`m| go ^r VwbZm H$aZr n‹S>Vr h¡ Š`m|{H$VwbZmË_H$ àUmbr go hr H${d H$m `WmW© _yë`m§H$Z hmo gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& H${d ag H$m hr òï>m h¡ Ÿ&

H${d A{YH$ ^mdwH$ Am¡a {dMmaerb hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& dh AnZo öX` H$m ag Xygam| VH$nh±þMmH$a CZH$mo r AnZr Vah à^m{dV H$aZm MmhVm h¡ Ÿ&

H$mì` Ho$ Xmo nj hmoVo h¢ - AZw^y{V nj Am¡a A{^ì`{º$ nj Ÿ& Bgr H$mo ^md-nj Am¡aH$bm nj ^r H$hVo h¢ Ÿ&

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2.4.2 n[a^mfm : n[a^mfm : n[a^mfm : n[a^mfm : n[a^mfm :

eãX Am¡a AW© H$mo H$mì` H$m eara H$hm OmVm h¡ Ÿ& ^aV_w{Z, AmMm © {dídZmW Am{XAmMm`m] Zo ag H$mo H$mì` H$s AmË_m _mZm h¡ Ÿ& X§S>r, m_h Am{X Zo Ab§H$mam| H$mo H$mì` H$s AmË_m_mZm h¡ Ÿ& Hw$ÝVH$ Zo dH«$mo{º$ H$mo, dm_Z Zo ar{V H$mo Am¡a AmZÝX~Y©Z Zo Üd{Z H$mo H$mì` H$s AmË_m_mZm h¡ Ÿ&

_å_Q>mMm © Zo Cg aMZm H$mo Omo Xmof a{hV Am¡a JwUdmbr hmo VWm {Og_| H$hr-H$htAb§H$ma Z ^r hmo, Cgo H$mì` H$hm h¡ Ÿ&

n§{S>VamO OJÞmW Zo a_Ur` AW© H$m à{VnmXZ H$aZo dmbo eãX H$mo H$mì` _mZm h¡ Ÿ&

eoŠg{n`a Zo H$ënZm H$mo Am¡a dS²>©gdW© Zo ^md H$mo Am¡a H$m°b[aO Zo A{^ì`{º$ H$moàYZVm Xr h¡ Ÿ&

_¡Ï y AmZ©ëS> Zo H$hm h¡ - H${dVm OrdZ H$s AmbmoMZm h¡ Ÿ&

ewŠbOr Ho$ AZwgma ""{Og àH$ma AmË_m H$s _wº$mdñWm kmZ-Xem H$hbmVr h¡, CgràH$ma öX` H$s _wº$Xem ag-Xem H$hbmVr h¡ Ÿ& öX` H$s Bgr _w{º$ H$s gmYZm Ho$ {bE _Zwî` H$sdmUr Omo eãX -{dYmZ H$aVr Am`r h¡, Cgo H${dVm H$hVo h¢ Ÿ&''

2.4.3 H$mì` Ho$ ^oX : H$mì` Ho$ ^oX : H$mì` Ho$ ^oX : H$mì` Ho$ ^oX : H$mì` Ho$ ^oX :

^maVr` na§nam Ho$ AZwgma Omo H$mì` A{^ZrV hmoH$a XoIm Om`, dh "Ñí` H$mì`' h¡ Ÿ&lì` H$mì` _| eãXm| Ûmam H$ënZm H$s ghm`Vm go _mZ{gH$ {MÌ CnpñWV {H$E OmVo h¢ Ÿ& Ñí`H$mì` _| H$ënZm na H$_ ~b {X`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& h_ Bg_| dmñV{dH$Vm H$mo XoI aho h¢ Ÿ&

~ÝY H$s Ñï> go ^maVr` g_rjm nÕ{V _| lì`-H$m` Ho$ Xmo oX hmoVo h¢ -

1) à~ÝY H$mì`,

2) _wº$H$ H$mì` Ÿ&

à~ÝY H$mì` _| nydm©na VmaVå` hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| N>ÝX EH$ Xygao go H$WmZH$ H$s ûm¥§Ibm _|~§Yo ahVo h¢ Ÿ& bo{H$Z _wº$H$ H$mì` ~ÝYZ go _wº$ hmoVo h¢ Ÿ& do ñdV: nyU© hmoVo h¢ Ÿ&

à~ÝY H$mì` Ho$ ^r Xmo oX h¢ - _hmH$mì` Am¡a I§S>H$mì` Ÿ& _hmH$mì` H$m joÌ {dñV¥VhmoVm h¡, Cg_| OrdZ H$s AZoH$ê$nVm {XImB© XoVr h¡ Ÿ& I§S>H$mì` _| {H$gr EH$ hr KQ>Zm H$moàYmZVm Xr OmVr h¡ Am¡a Bgr H$maU Bg_| EH$Xoer`Vm ahVr h¡ Ÿ&

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2.4.4 H$mì` Am¡a H$mì` -^mfm :H$mì` Am¡a H$mì` -^mfm :H$mì` Am¡a H$mì` -^mfm :H$mì` Am¡a H$mì` -^mfm :H$mì` Am¡a H$mì` -^mfm :

qhXr gm{hË` H$m B{Vhmg Mma H$mb _| {d^m{OV h¡ : Am{XH$mb, {º$H$mb, ar{VH$mb,AmYw{ZH$H$mb Ÿ&

2.4.4.1 Am{XH$mb _| H$mì`-^mfm :Am{XH$mb _| H$mì`-^mfm :Am{XH$mb _| H$mì`-^mfm :Am{XH$mb _| H$mì`-^mfm :Am{XH$mb _| H$mì`-^mfm :

Am{XH$mb _| à~ÝY Am¡a _wº$H$ XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ H$mì` {bIo JE Ÿ& Bg g_` bmoH$ mdZmH$m ~mhþë` Wm {\$a r H${dVm amÁ`m{lV Wr Ÿ&

n¥ÏdramO amgmo - `Ú{n BgH$s àm_m{UH$Vm _| {dÛmZm| H$m _V oX h¡ VWm{n Bgo qhXr H$màW_ _hmH$mì` _mZm OmVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| dra mdZm Ho$ gmW em§V d ûm¥§Jma agm| H$m r n`m©á nwQ> h¡ Ÿ&BgH$s ^mfm Ho$ H$B© ñVa h§¡ Ÿ& Bg J«§W go VËH$mbrZ ^mdZmAm| Am¡a OmVr` AmXem] H$m AÀN>mn[aM` {_bVm h¡ Ÿ&

Xgdt eVmãXr nhbo gm{hpË`H$ à`ËZm| H$m {dH$mg n[a{Z{ð>V An «§e mfm _| hþAm Wm Ÿ&Bgr H$m {dH${gV ê$n Xgdt go Mm¡Xhdt VH$ Xoe ^mfm `m bmoH$^mfm Ho$ gm{hË` _| {_bVm h¡ Ÿ&

H$mì` H$s mfm _| VX² d eãXm| H$m n`m©á à`moJ h¡ Ÿ& mfm _| Aa~r-\$magr eãXm| H$m rà`moJ h¡ Ÿ&

gm{hpË`H$ An «§e Ho$ VrZ à_wI H${d h¢ - MVw w©O, ñd § y Am¡a nwînXÝV Ÿ& ñd § y H$s"na_M[aC' (am_m`U) mfm {dH$mg H$s Ñ{ï> go Am{XH$mb _| AË §V _hËdnyU© h¡ Ÿ& An «§e mfmH$m g~go {à` H$mì` ê$n Xmohm `m Xyhm h¡ Omo N>ÝX An «§e ^mfm _| A{YH$ àM{bV Wm Ÿ& BgH$mb _| N>ßn` nÕ{V Ed§ dra ag Ho$ Vmo_a, ZmamM, Am{X H$mì`ê$nm| H$m ^r à`moJ hþAm h¡ Ÿ&n¥ÏdramO amgmo Vmo N>ßn` H$m hr H$mì` h¡ Ÿ&

^mfm em{ó`m| H$m AZw_mZ h¡ {H$ O~ h_mao nyd©-nwéf àmMrZ Am © Am{X gá qgYw àXoe _|~gZo bJo V~$ do Omo ^mfm ~mobVo Wo, Cg _yb Am`©^mfm go d¡{XH$ g§ñH¥$V H$s CËn{V hþB© Wr Ÿ&d¡{XH$ g§ñH¥$V H$s hr n[ad{V©V gm{hpË`H$ mfm g§ñH¥$V Wr Ÿ& {\$a OZ-gmYmaU H$s ~mobMmb H$s^mfm àmH¥$V Zm_ go à{gÕ hþB© Ÿ& àmH¥$V H$m r gm{hpË`H$ g§ñH$ma hmoZo bJm Ÿ& na§Vw OZgmYmaUH$s mfm H$m à^md ~‹T>H$a EH$ ZdrZ mfm Am{d y©V hþB© Omo Aà §e Wr Ÿ& An «§e H$mì` gm{hË`A{YH$Va Xmohm| Ho$ ê$n _| à{V{ð>V hþB© Omo àM{bV nÚ H$s ^mfm ahr Ÿ& Xgdt eVmãXr Ho$ ~mXAà^«§e ^mfm Ho$ ñWmZ na ~mobMmb H$s ^mfm {dH${gV hþB© Omo Xoe^mfm Ho$ Zm_ go à{gÕ hþB© Ÿ&qhXr H$m g§~§Y Bgr Xoe ^mfm go h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$ àm§a§{^H$ ê$n H$mo nwamZr qhXr ^r H$hVo h¢ Ÿ&

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An «§e ^mfm Ho$ à_wI H${d Am¡a CZHo$ H$mì` :

* H${d ñd § y - na_M[aC, [aQ²>R>Uo{_M[aC, ñd § y N>ÝX BZH$s aMZmEª An «§e _| àmá hþB© h¡ Ÿ&

* nwînXÝV - Um`Hw$_ma M[aC, _hmnwamU, Ogha M[aC Am¡a _hmnwamU Omo O¡Z-Y_© H$m CÎm_ J«§W h¡ Ÿ&

* YZnmb - {dg`ÎmH$hm' AË §V bmoH${à` H$mì` h¡ Ÿ&

* H${d Km{hb -"nC_{garM[aC' Omo H$mì`JwUm| go g_¥Õ h¡ Ÿ&

* _w{Z H$ZH$m_a - "H$[aH§$S>M[aC' EH$ Ym{_©H$ M[aV H$mì` h¡ Ÿ&

*AãXwb ah_mZ - "g§XoeamgH$' Omo bmoH$^mdZm d H$mì`mË_H$Vm Ho$ {bE à{gÕ h¡ Ÿ&

* {OZXÎmgy[a - M ©Q>r, CnXoe -agm`Z-amg, H$mbñdan Hw$bH$_

* OmoBÝXw - na_mË_àH$me, `moJgma AÜ`mË_

* am_qgh - nmhþ‹S> Xmohmo

* bú_rMÝX - gmŠ` Yå_ Xmohm Ÿ&

* ho_MÝÐmMm © H$s nwñVH|$ "H$mì`ZwemgZ' Am¡a "Hw$_manmbM[aV' Omo An «§e ^mfm _| d{U©V h¡ Ÿ&

* O¡ZmMm © _oéV§wJ H$m à~§Y {MÝVm_{U Ÿ& BZ Xmohm| _| nwamZr qhXr H$s PbH$ {_bVr h¡ Ÿ&

* "n«mH¥$V n¢Jb_' bmoH$^mfm Ho$ N>ÝX h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$ g§H$bZH$Vm© bú_rYa h¢ Ÿ& Bg H$mì` J«§W _| àmH¥$V VWm An^«§e Ho$ N>§Xm| H$m gwÝXa {ddoMZ h¡ Ÿ&

* Bg_| {dÚmYa, emJªYa, O‚mb Am¡a ~~a Am{X H${d`m| H$s aMZmE± {_bVr h¢ Ÿ&

* {dÚmn{V H$s H$s{V©bVm Xmo H$maUm| go à{gÕ h¡ -EH$ Vmo mfm n[adV©Z H$s Ñ{ï> go Am¡a Xygao gm{hpË`H$ àd¥{Îm`m| H$s Ñ{ï> go Ÿ& `h EH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ H$mì` h¡ Ÿ& H${d Zo AnZo g_gm_{`H$ amOm H$m JwUJmZ Ab§H¥$V mfm _| {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& {dÚmn{V Zo Bgo "AdhQ²>R>' H$hm h¡ Omo bmoH$^mfm Ho$ {dH$mg H$m ñdê$n kmV hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& `h n[a{Z{ð>V gm{hpË`H$ An^«§e go Wmo‹S>r {^Þ ^mfm H$m gm{hË` h¡ Ÿ&

* na_mb amgmo `m Amëh>I§S> - `h EH$ draH$mì` h¡ Ÿ& OJ{ZH$ Zo _hmo~o Ho$ Xmo à{gÕ dram| - Amëhm Am¡a D$Xb Ho$ draVmnyU© H¥${VËd H$m dra JrVm| Ho$ ê$n _| dU©Z {H$`m

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ŸOmo Xoe -H$mb Ho$ AZwgma mfm _| hr n[adV©Z Zht hþAm ; dñVw _| r A{YH$ n[adV©Z hþAm Ÿ&

* T>>mobm _mê$ am Xmohm - h Hw$ebbm^H¥$V T>mobm _mê$' amOñWmZr gm{hË` H$m Am{XH$mì` h¡ Ÿ& H$mì` gm¡ÝX © H$s Ñ{ï> go BgH$m _hËd Vmo h¡ hr, nadVu qhXr gm{hË` Ho$ Xmohm~Õ H$mì`m| H$mo g_PZo H$s Ñ{ï> go r h J«§W ghm`H$ h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| "bmS>bo' N>ÝX , Xmohm H$m gwÝXa ê$n {_bVm h¡ Ÿ& `o Xmoho dñVwV: _wº$H$ Ho$ h¢ Ÿ&

Bg àH$ma ^mfm H$s Ñ{ï> go Am{XH$mb H$s gm{hpË`H$ gm_J«r H$m {ddoMZ H$aZo na h_|Xoe^mfm Ho$ VrZ ê$n {_bVo h¢ - amOñWmZr {_{lV An «§e `m bmoH$^mfm `m Xoe^mfm ; _¡{Wbr{_{lV An «§e m Xoe mfm m bmoH$^mfm m amOñWmZr VWm I‹S>r~mobr {_{lV Xoe^mfm Ÿ& àW_àH$ma H$s Xoe^mfm H$m Zm_ qS>Jb n‹S>m Am¡a `h g_yMo amOñWmZ H$s gm{hpË`H$ ^mfm ~Zr Ÿ&draJmWmË_H$ amgH$ J«§Wm| _| Bg ^mfm H$m ñdê$n XoIZo H$mo {_bVm h¡ Ÿ& ^mfm H$s Ñ{ï> go qS>Jbgm{hË` ~‹S>m Aì`dpñWV h¡ Ÿ& Cg_| qnJb H$m {_lU h¡ Am¡a An «§e Ho$ à^md hoVw g§ wº$jon dAZwñ_a eãXm| H$s àMwaVm h¡ Ÿ& Am{XH$mb _| amOñWmZr Am¡a I‹S>r~mobr {_{lV Xoe^mfm H$m gwÝXaà`moJ A_ra Iwgamo H$s nho{b`m| Ed§ _wH$[a`m| _| hþAm h¡ Ÿ&

MÝÐYa e_m© Jwboar Zo gm{hpË`H$ m n[a{Z{ð>V An «§e H$mo nwamZr qhXr H$s g§km Xr Wr Ÿ&CZHo$ AZwgma gm{hpË`H$ An «§e mfm bJ^J g_yMo CÎma maV _| EH$ hr Wr Ÿ& ZmZH$ go boH$ah[aXmg VH$ H$s H${dVm H$s ^mfm ~«O^mfm Wr Ÿ& ^mfm -emó Ho$ AW© _| {Ogo h_ qhXr (~«O,I‹S>r~mobr, AdYr Am{X) H$hVo h¢, dh Bg gm{hpË`H$ An «§e go grYo {dH${gV Zht hþB© Ÿ&ì`dhma _| n§Om~ go boH$a {~hma VH$ ~mobr OmZo dmbr g^r Cn^mfmAm| H$mo qhXr H$hVo h¢ Ÿ&BgH$m _w»` H$maU `h h¡ {H$ Bg {dñV¥V y mJ Ho$ {Zdm{g`m| H$s gm{hpË`H$ ^mfm I‹S>r~mobr hrh¡ Ÿ&

2.4.4.2 ^{º$H$mb Ho$ H$mì`m| _| H$mì`^mfm :^{º$H$mb Ho$ H$mì`m| _| H$mì`^mfm :^{º$H$mb Ho$ H$mì`m| _| H$mì`^mfm :^{º$H$mb Ho$ H$mì`m| _| H$mì`^mfm :^{º$H$mb Ho$ H$mì`m| _| H$mì`^mfm :

^{º$ H$mb H$s Omo bha CÎma maV _| 14 dt eVmãXr Ho$ ~mX {XIbmB© n‹S>Vr h¡ Ÿ& CgH$mlmoV X{jU H$s d¡îUd {º$ _| h¡ Ÿ& Xmo à_wI AmMm`m] am_mZÝX Am¡a ~ëb^mMm © Zo am_ Am¡a H¥$îUAdVmam| H$s _hÎmm H$m à{VnmXZ H$aHo$ Xmo emImAm| H$m n«d©VZ {H$`m Ÿ& am_mZÝX Ho$ g§àXm` _|_hmH${d VwbgrXmg hþE Am¡a ~ëb^mMm © Ho$ nw{ï>_mJ© _| gyaXmg, ZÝXXmg Am{X Aï>N>mn Ho$ H${dCX` hþE Ÿ& BZH$s H$mì` aMZm _| dÊ © -{df` VWm H${dËd -H$bm h¡ Ÿ& BZHo$ H$mì` _| à~§Y e¡brnmB© JB© Ÿ& am_H$mì` _| Xmohm-Mm¡nmB© nÕ{V Ho$ M[aV -H$mì`m| H$s e¡br {_bVr h¡ Ÿ& BZH$s ^mfmAdYr h¡ Ÿ& H¥$îUmonmgH$ H${d`m| Zo H¥$îU H$s _mYw ©nyU© brbmAm| H$m dU©Z H$aZo _| O`Xod,

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MÊS>rXmg, {dÚmn{V Am{X H$s _wº$H$ nX-e¡br Am¡a ~«O^mfm {deof à{gÕ ahr Ÿ& ^{º$`wJ _|H$~ra, Om`gr, Vwbgr, gyaXmg, O¡go ag{gÕ _hmH${d`m| H$s aMZmE± qhXr mfm gm{hË` H$mo Jm¡adàXmZ H$aVr h¢ Ÿ&

bmoH$Zm`H$ VwbgrXmg Zo e§H$a Ho$ AÛ¡V, am_mZwO Ho$ {d{eï>mÛ¡V Am¡a Û¡V VrZm| _Vm| Ho$H$mì` H$mo gab ^mfm _| {H$`m Ÿ& ^{º$ H$mì`m| _| Ab§H$mam| H$m ghO gm¡ÝX ©, N>ÝXm| H$s ^mddhZe{ŠV Am¡a mfm H$s gOrdVm {dÚ_mZ h¡ Ÿ& BZ H$mì`m| _| à~ÝY d _wº$H$ XmoZm| e¡{b`m°§ nmB© OmVrh§¡ Ÿ& AdYr Am¡a ~«O^mfm XmoZm| H$mo AnZo H$mì`m| _| H${d`m| Zo ñWmZ {X`m h¡ Ÿ& dñVwV: ^{º$H$mbH$s aMZmAm| _| H${dVm Ho$ ñdÀN>ÝX ê$n CnbãY hmoVo h¢ Ÿ& g§V _Vm§o na {gÕm| d hR>`mo{J`m| H$mà^md n‹S>m h¡ Ÿ& nwamZr qhXr H$s ì`mnH$ H$mì`-^mfm H$m T>m§Mm em¡agoZr àgyV An «§e AWm©V² ~«OAm¡a I‹S>r~mobr H$m Wm Ÿ& Bgr mfm H$m {dH${gV ñdê$n g§Vm| H$s gmYwŠH$‹S>r mfm _| {_bVm h¡ Ÿ&CZHo$ CnXoe H$s ^mfm Vmo nwamZr Q>H$gmbr qhXr h¡ na JrVm| H$s ^mfm nwamZr {~hmar `m nydu ~mobrh¡ Ÿ& "gmIr' H$s ^mfm I‹S>r~mobr Am¡a amOñWmZr {_{lV gm_mÝ` gYwŠH$‹S>r ^mfm h¡ na a_¡Zr Ho$nXm| H$s ^mfm ~«O ^mfm Am¡a nydu ~mobr ^r h¡ Ÿ& g§V H${d`m| Zo _mZmo H${dVmAm| _| gab dAmS>å~ahrZ mfm H$m à`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& CZH$s mfm _| {d{^Þ àmÝVr` ~mo{b`m| Ho$ eãX g_mdoehþE h¢ Ÿ& `h ^mfm EH$ ~o_ob {IM‹S>r h¡ {Og_| AdYr, ~«O^mfm, I‹S>r~mobr, nydu qhXr, Aa~r,\$magr, g§ñH¥$V, amOñWmZr, n§Om~r Am{X mfmAm| Ho$ eãX h¢ Ÿ& CZHo$ H$mì` _| gy\$s nm[a^m{fH$eãXm| H$m à`moJ h¡ Ÿ&

gy\$s ào_H$mì` _| à~§Y e¡br H$m àmYmÝ` ahm Ÿ& {\$a ^r Hw$N> aMZmE± _wº$H$ e¡br na ^r{bIr JB© Ÿ& _wº$H$ e¡br _| nX, Xmoho, PybZo, Hw$ÊS>{b`m±, Mm¡nmB© Am¡a ^OZ Am{X N>ÝXm| H$mì`dhma hþAm Ÿ& Om`gr H$m ào_H$mì` "nÙmdVr' ^md d H$bm nj H$s Ñ{ï> go AË §V _hËdnyU©h¡ Ÿ& h J«§W R>oR> AdYr mfm _| {bIm hþAm h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| Xmohm-Mm¡nmB© nÕ{V H$mo AnZm`m J`m h¡ Ÿ&Ab§H$mam| H$m à`moJ ^mdmoËH$f© Ho$ {bE hþAm h¡ Ÿ& Om`gr Zo _gZdr e¡br go à^m{dV hmoH$aH$ënZm Ho$ n«mMw © H$mo AnZo H$mì` _| ñWmZ {X`m h¡ Ÿ&

am_H$mì` H$s aMZm àYmZV: AdYr ^mfm _| hþB© h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr Zo _mZg Ho$ A{V[aº$ AÝ`J«§Wm| O¡go - "{dZ`n{ÌH$m' Am{X _| ~«O^mfm H$m ^r à`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Ho$ed H$s "am_MÝÐH$m'~«O^mfm _| hr h¡ Ÿ& am_H$mì` H$s ^mfm H$s g~go ~‹S>r {deofVm CgH$m n[a_m{O©V ê$n h¡ Ÿ& XmoZm|^mfmAm| _| Hw$N> AÝ` àmXo{eH$ mfmAm| O¡go ~wÝXobr Am¡a moOnwar Ho$ eãX r CnbãY h¢ Ÿ&

H¥$îU H$mì` _| g§JrVmË_H$Vm nmB© OmVr h¡ Ÿ& gya, _ram, h[aXmg Am{X Ho$ nXm| _| g§JrV H$sAnyd© N>Q>m h¡ Ÿ& {df` Am¡a nmÌm| Ho$ AZwê$n _wº$H$ e¡br _| H¥$îU H$mì` H$m {dH$mg hþAm h¡ Ÿ& BZ_|_wº$H$ e¡br Ho$ -nX, Xmohm, amobm, Mm¡nmB© H${dÎm gd¡ m Am{X h¡§ Ÿ& Bg_| JrV H$mì` H$s ~‹S>r

115

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_Zmohm[aUr N>Q>m Ÿh¡ Ÿ&" ~«O-{dbmg' H$s aMZm ~«O^mfm _| hþB© h¡ Ÿ& H¥$îU H$mì` H$s ^mfm àm`:gm{hpË`H$ ~«O^mfm h¡ Ÿ& H¥$îU H$mì` _| a{V^md, {º$ md, dmËgë` md Am¡a {Zd}X md ahVmh¡ Ÿ& dmËgë` ag Ho$ A{Yð>mVm _hmH${d gyaXmg h¢ Ÿ& CZH$m H$mì` JrV -H$mì` h¡ Ÿ& CZHo$ "gyagmJa'_| Jo mË_H$Vm Am¡a g§JrVmË_H$Vm H$m àmYmÝ` h¡ Ÿ& gya Ho$ nXm| _| EH$ Amoa g§JrV -aMZm Ho$ VËd{_bVo h¢ Vmo Xygar Amoa H$mì`mË_H$ dU©-`moOZm, Ab§H$ma {dYmZ, bjUm -ì §OZm Ho$ M_ËH$maH$s A{Zdm © moOZm àmá hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& gyaXmg Zo ~mbbrbm Am¡a ào_brbm _| gab Am¡a ñdm^m{dH$~«O^mfm H$m à`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& BgàH$ma gyaXmg Zo Z Ho$db ^md d ^mfm H$s Ñ{ï> go gm{hË` H$mogwg{‚mV {H$`m daZ² H¥$îU H$mì` H$s {d{eîQ> na§nam H$mo ^r OÝ_ {X`m Ÿ&

O¡Z ^º$ H${d`m| Ho$ H$mì` em§V ag àYmZ h¢ Ÿ& H$ht-H$ht H${d`m| H$s àmXo{eH$ ~mo{b`m|H$m à^md h¡ Ÿ& _hmH${d ~Zmagr Xmg , aËZH$s{V©, Hw$_wXMÝÐ Am{X H$s ^mfm _| amOñWmZr Am¡aJwOamVr H$m à^md h¡ Ÿ& BÝhm|Zo Ab§H$mam| H$mo r ghO ê$n _| à wº$ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& O¡Z {º$ H$mì`Ymamam_H$mì`, H¥$îU H$mì`, gy\$s H$mì`, g§V H$mì` go {_bVr -OwbVr hmoZo na ^r AnZr _m¡{bH${deofVm aIVr h¡ Ÿ&

2.4.4.3 ar{VH$mb Ho$ H$mì`m| _| H$mì` -^mfm :ar{VH$mb Ho$ H$mì`m| _| H$mì` -^mfm :ar{VH$mb Ho$ H$mì`m| _| H$mì` -^mfm :ar{VH$mb Ho$ H$mì`m| _| H$mì` -^mfm :ar{VH$mb Ho$ H$mì`m| _| H$mì` -^mfm :

ûm¥§Jma H$mb _| mfm H$s Ñ{ï> go H${d`m| _| H$mì`m| H$s mfm qhXr àXoem| _| ~mobr OmZo dmbr{d{^Þ mfmE± Wt Ÿ& na§Vw ûm¥§Jmar mfmAm| H$mo ì`º$ H$aZo dmbr à_wI mfm ~«O^mfm hr ahr Ÿ& Bgna AdYr VWm ~w§XobI§‹S>r Am¡a amOñWmZr Ho$ à`moJ {_bVo h¢ Ÿ& Ÿ& ar{V~Õ H${d`m| _| Cn_mZm| dàVrH$m| H$m n`m©á _mÌm _| à`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& {~hmar H$s ^mfm _| amOñWmZr, ~w§XobI§S>r, AdYrAm{X Ho$ à`moJ {_bVo h¢ Ÿ& KZmZÝX R>mHw$a Zo ~«O^mfm H$mo ~hþV e{º$ Xr h¡ Ÿ& ar{V_wº$Ymam Ho$H${d`m| Zo AnZo H$mb _| ~«O^mfm H$mo n[a_mO©Z {H$`m Ed§ VËg_ eãXm| H$m à`moJ H$aHo$ Cgogwg§ñH¥$V ~Zm`m Ÿ& ar{V~Õ H${d`m| H$s ^mfm _| _wgb_mZr g§ñH¥${V Am¡a \$magr e¡br H$m à^mdJham h¡ Ÿ& yfU,bmb, gyXZ, nÙmH$a Am{X H${d`m| Zo {hÝXy dram| H$s draVm Ho$ g§~§Y _| CËH¥$ï> draag H$s H${dVm H$m ^r g¥OZ {H$`m Ÿ& ar{V_wº$ H${d`m| Zo _wŠVH$ e¡br H$mo AnZm`m Ÿ& KZmZÝX ,Amb_, R>mHw$a Zo {deof Vm¡a na H${dVm Am¡a gd¡ m N>ÝXm| H$mo AnZm`m Ÿ& ar{V~Õ H${d`m| H$s VahBÝhm|Zo Ab§H$mam| H$mo AnZo H$mì` _| ñWmZ {X`m Ÿ& ar{V_wº$ H$mì`m| _| dm½d¡X½Ü` Am¡a C{º$ H$s{d{MÌVm à_wI ñWmZ aIVr h¡ Ÿ& BZ ñdÀN>ÝX H${d`m| Zo AnZo H$mì` _| _whmdao Am¡a bmoH$mo{º$`m|H$m _Zmoha {dYmZ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& ~«O^mfm _| àdrU hmoZo Ho$ H$maU KZmZÝX Zo Bg mfm H$mo ~‹S>r _YwaVmàXmZ H$s Ÿ& BZH$s ^mfm _| A{YH$Va ewÕ d g§ñH¥$V ê$nm| VWm \$magr eãXm| H$m ^r g\$b à`moJ{_bVm h¡ Ÿ&

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2.4.4.4 AmYw{ZH$ H$mb _| H$mì`m| _| H$mì`-^mfm :AmYw{ZH$ H$mb _| H$mì`m| _| H$mì`-^mfm :AmYw{ZH$ H$mb _| H$mì`m| _| H$mì`-^mfm :AmYw{ZH$ H$mb _| H$mì`m| _| H$mì`-^mfm :AmYw{ZH$ H$mb _| H$mì`m| _| H$mì`-^mfm :

AmYw{ZH$ qhXr H$mì`Ymam H$m n«mXw^m©d maVoÝXw ~m~y h[aíMÝX« go hr hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& do Bg wJH$s H$mì` àoaUm Ho$ Ho$ÝÐ {~ÝXw Wo Ÿ& H$mì` H$s ^mfm àm`: ~«O ^mfm ahr, `m| Nw>Q>-nwQ> à`ËZI‹S>r~mobr _| ^r hþAm Ÿ& ^maVoÝXw Zo H$Oar, Rw>_ar, bmdZr, Io_Q>m, H$hadm, M¡Vr, MZ¡Zr, JObAm{X J«m_rU N>ÝXm| H$mo H$mì` _| AnZm`m Ÿ&

{ÛdoXr wJ _| AmYw{ZH$ H$mb H$s qhXr H${dVm Ho$ àdV©H$ AmMm © _hmdra àgmX {ÛdoXr ZoI‹S>r~mobr H$mo H$mì` mfm Ho$ ê$n _| J«hU {H$`m d mfm H$s ewÕVm VWm gabVm na Ü`mZ {X`m Ÿ&

N>m`mdmXr wJ _| A{^ì §OZ Ho$ joÌ _| mfm H$m n[a_mO©Z, ewÕ VËg_ g§ñH¥$V eãXm| H$mà`moJ Amb§H$m[aH$ e¡br, àVrH$mË_H$Vm H$m àmMw ©, bmj{UH$Vm àXe©Z H$s àd¥{Îm, eãX gm¡ÝX ©na md-gm¡ÝX © H$s VwbZm _| A{YH$ Ñ{ï> Xr JB© Ÿ& N>m`mdmXr e¡br _| H$ënZmàdUVm Am¡a ì §OZmH$m àmYmÝ` ahm Ÿ&

àJ{VdmXr wJ Ho$ H${d`m| Zo ì §½`mË_H$ e¡br na H${dVmAm| H$s aMZmE± H$s¨ Ÿ& BZH$s^mfm, e¡br, Cn_m, ê$nH$ Am¡a àVrH$ gwJ_ Am¡a gab h¢ Ÿ& BZH$m bú` mfm H$mo gab, gw~moY,^mdm{^ì §OZ Ho$ mo½` ~ZmZm h¡ Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo OZJrV Ed§ bmoH$JrVm| H$s e¡br AnZmH$a ZB© YwZm| H$mg¥OZ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&

à`moJdmX qhXr H$mì` H$s ZdrZV_ àd¥{Îm h¡ Ÿ& h "ZB© H${dVm' Ho$ Zm_ go OmZm OmVm h¡ Ÿ&Bg g_` H${d`m| Zo àmMrZ e¡br H$mo Ë`mJ H$a EH$ ZB© e¡br H$m {Z_m©U {H$`m ; Bg_| ê$‹T>,na§namJV d ~§Yo hþE àVrH$ Cn_mZ VWm dmŠ`-{dÝ`mg Zht aho Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo mdì §OZm _| _yb ZdrZàVrH$ d Cn_mZm| H$m ghmam {b`m h¡ Ÿ& ZB© H${dVm _| CXy© Am¡a A§J«oOr eãXm| H$m r à`moJ h¡ Ÿ& ZEH${d`m| Zo ñWmZr` ~mobMmb H$s mfm Ho$ eãXm| H$mo J«hU {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo H$ht-H$ht _wº$ N>ÝXm|_| ZB©-ZB© b` Am¡a ZE-ZE ñda à`moJ {H$E h¢ Ÿ& à`moJdmXr H${dVm _| ÜdÝ`mË_H$Vm H$s àd¥{ÎmÑ{ï>JmoMa hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& ZE JrVH$mam| Zo bmoH$^mfm Ho$ ghO, gab, _Zmoa_ eãXm| H$m à`moJ H$a mfm_| ZE gm¡ÝX © H$m {dYmZ {H$`m Ÿ&

***

117

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àíZmdbràíZmdbràíZmdbràíZmdbràíZmdbr

`y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> 2.1

{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :

1. "amO^mfm' go Amn Š`m g_PVo h¢ ? BgHo$ à`moJ joÌ na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

2. amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_, 1963 VWm CgH$m g§emo{YV ê$n (1967) H$m dU©Z H$s{OE Ÿ&

3. amO^mfm A{Y{Z`_ - 1976 H$mo {dñVma go ~VmBE Ÿ&

4. ^maVr` g§{dYmZ Ho$ AZwÀN>oX 343 -351 _| {XE JE amO^mfm g§~§Yr Cn~ÝYm| H$mo~VmBE Ÿ&

5. amO^mfm ' H$m AW© Š`m h¡ ? g§{dYmZ _| amO^mfm Ho$ g§~§Y _|

Š`m ~Vm`m J`m h¡ ?

6. amï´>n{V H$m AmXoe 1960 H$m dU©Z H$s{OE Ÿ&

g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :

1. g§{dYmZ H$s ì`dñWm Ho$ AmYma na amO^mfm g§~§Yr H$ma©dmB© ~VmBE Ÿ&

2. amï´>n{V AmXoem| H$mo H$m`m©pÝdV H$aZo H$s {d{^Þ g§ñWmAm| Ho$ ~mao _| MMm© H$s{OE Ÿ&

3. Ho$ÝÐr` A{Y{Z`_m| Ho$ àm{YH¥$V [hXr AZwdmX na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

4 amO^mfm g§~§Yr nm[aV g§H$ën H$mo ~VmBE Ÿ&

`y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> 2.2

{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :

1. "amï´>^mfm' H$m VmËn © g_PmVo hþE BgHo$ {d{dY njm| na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

2. amï´>^mfm qhXr H$m AW© ~VmVo hþE BgHo$ _hËd H$m dU©Z H$s{OE Ÿ&

3 amï´>^mfm H$m AW© ~VmBE Ÿ& qhXr H$mo "amï´>^mfm' Am¡a amO^mfm ~ZmZo Ho$ VH$m] naàH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

4. amï´>^mfm qhXr H$m _hËd dU©Z H$s{OE Ÿ&

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g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :

1. amO^mfm H$m _hËd

2. amO^mfm H$m àemg{ZH$ nj Am¡a ì`mdhm[aH$ nj

2.3 {ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :

1. g§Mma ^mfm H$m AW© ~VmH$a BgHo$ {d{^Þ ñVam| H$m dU©Z H$s{OE Ÿ&

2. g§Mma ^mfm Š`m h¡ ? BgHo$ {d{^Þ _mÜ`_m| na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

3. g§Mma _mÜ`_m| _| qhXr mfm Am¡a {eën H$m _hËd ~VmBE Ÿ&

4. g§Mma ^mfm H$m AW© Am¡a _hËd g_PmBE Ÿ&

{Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :

1. _w{ÐV _mÜ`_

2. lì` _mÜ`_

3. g§Mma ^mfm H$m g§Xoe ñVa

`y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> 2.4

{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :

1. "H$mì` ^mfm' H$m VmËn © Š`m h¡ ? BgHo$ oXm| na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

2. Am{XH$mb H$s H$mì`^mfm H$m dU©Z H$s{OE Ÿ&

3. ^{º$H$mb Ho$ H$mì`m| _| ^mfm H¡$gr Wr ? BgH$m {ddoMZ H$s{OE Ÿ&

4. AmYw{ZH$ H$mb _| a{MV H$mì`m| H$s mfm H$m ñdê$n ~VmBE Ÿ&

5. H$mì` H$m AW© {bIH$a BgH$s n[a^mfmE± {b{IE Ÿ&

g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :g§{já CÎma Xr{OE :

{Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :{Q>ßnUr :

1. à~ÝY H$mì` Am¡a _wº$H$ H$mì` _| A§Va

2, H$mì` mfm Am¡a gm_mÝ` mfm

3. ar{V H$mb _| H$mì`^mfm

----

119

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UNIT - III

qhXr H§$ß`yqQ>JqhXr H§$ß`yqQ>JqhXr H§$ß`yqQ>JqhXr H§$ß`yqQ>JqhXr H§$ß`yqQ>J3.0 qhXr H§$ß yqQ>J

3.1 H§$ß yQ>a n[aM`

Ÿ 3.2 ê$naoIm

3.3 Cn`moJ

3.4 B§Q>aZoQ>

3.5 qbH$

3.6 ~«mCqOJ

3.7 B©._ob

3.8 S>mCZ -bmoqS>J

3.9 An-bmoqS>J

3.10 y{ZH$moS>

120

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UNIT - III

3.0 qhXr H§$ß`yqQ>J : qhXr H§$ß`yqQ>J : qhXr H§$ß`yqQ>J : qhXr H§$ß`yqQ>J : qhXr H§$ß`yqQ>J :

3.1 H§$ß`yQ>a n[aM` :H§$ß`yQ>a n[aM` :H§$ß`yQ>a n[aM` :H§$ß`yQ>a n[aM` :H§$ß`yQ>a n[aM` :

H§$ß yQ>a _mZd OrdZ H$m A{^Þ A§J h¡ Ÿ& h AmYw{ZH$ wJ H$s EH$ _hËdnyU© Amdí`H$Vmh¡ Ÿ& `h EH$ Eogr _erZ h¡ {Og_| AZoH$ ê$nmË_H$ Ed§ g_Ýd`mË_H$ `moJ VWm JwUmË_H$ KZËdhmoVm h¡, Omo A{V erK« H$_ g_` _| ghr JUZm H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& `h {ZX}em| H$m H«$_~Õ g§H$bZ ^rH$aVm h¡ Ÿ Am¡a ~‹S>r gabVm go Ìw{Q>hrZ ê$n go H$m`© g§nÞ H$aVm h¡ Ÿ&

"H§$ß`yQ>a' eãX A§J«oOr Ho$ "H§$ß`yQ>' eãX go ~Zm h¡ {OgH$m VmËn © "JUZm' H$aZm h¡ Ÿ&àmMrZH$mb go _Zwî` AnZo {hgm~-{H$Vm~ _| JUZm H$aZo Ho$ {bE {d{^Þ gmYZm| H$m Cn`moJH$aVm ahm h¡ Ÿ& "H§$ß yQ>a' `m "g§JUH$' CZ_| go EH$ BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _erZ h¡ Ÿ& `h _w»`V`m Omo‹S>,KQ>md, JwUm VWm mJ O¡gr J{UVr` {H«$`mE± ~‹S>r gabVm Am¡a erK«Vm go H$a nmVm h¡ Ÿ& h S>mQ>màmogoqgJ Ûmam Am§H$‹S>m|(S>mQ>m) H$mo H$_ OJh _| g§J«hrV H$aHo$ aIZo H$m Am¡a _m§J Ho$ AZwgma VwaÝVàñVwV H$aZo H$m H$m © H$aVm h¡ Ÿ&

{~«{Q>e J{UVk Mmëg© ~¡doO (gZ² 1792-1871 ) Zo gZ² 1822 _| am° b gmogmBQ>r Ho$ {bEEH$ N>moQ>m-gm JUH$ §Ì V¡ ma {H$`m, {Ogo CÝhm|Zo "{S>\$aoÝg B§OZ' H$m Zm_ {X`m Wm Ÿ& gZ² 1937

_| hdmS>© {díd{dÚmb` Ho$ àmo. EM.AmBHo$Z Zo ~¡d¡O Ho$ m§{ÌH$ g§JUH$ H$mo gmH$ma {H$`m Ÿ& CÝhm|ZogZ² 1944 _| A§H$J{UVr` {H«$`mAm| Ho$ {bE "hmdS>©-_mJ©-1' _erZ ~Zm`r Ÿ& Bg `§Ì H$mo àW_AmYw{ZH$ H§$ß yQ>a hmoZo H$m gå_mZ {_bm Ÿ& ghr AW© _| AmYw{ZH$ H§$ß yQ>a ~ZmZo H$m lo {dÚwVA{^ §Vm nr. BH$a¡Q>, ^m¡{VH$ emór OmohZ, S>ãby _¡H$br VWm J{UVk Or.dr. Ý y_¡Z H$mo OmVmh¡ Ÿ& BZ g^r Ho$ nmañn[aH$ gh`moJ go H§$ß yQ>a H$m {dH$mg hþAm &

^maVdf© _| H§$ß yQ>a H$m AmJ_Z gZ² 1955 B©, _| hþAm Ÿ& g~go nhbm H§$ß yQ>a ^maVr`gm§[»`H$s` g§ñWmZ, H$mobH$mVm _| Am`m Ÿ& àW_ ^maVr` H§$ß`yQ>a H$m {S>OmBZ OwbmB© 1964 _|B§{S>`Z ñQ>¡{Q>pñQ>H$b, BZñQ>rÀ yQ> (I.S.I) H$mobH$mVm Am¡a OmXdnwa y{Zd{g©Q>r Zo V¡ ma {H$`mWm Ÿ& AmO maV _| H$B© H§$n{Z`m± _mBH«$mo H§$ß yQ>am| H$m {Z_m©U H$a ahr h¢ Ÿ& BZ H§$n{Z`m| Zo H§$ß`yQ>aCÚmoJ _| H«$m§{V H$a Xr Am¡a H§$ß`yQ>a H$mo CÞV e{º$ àXmZ H$s Ÿ& A_o[aH$m, ñdrS>Z, \«$m§g,hm¡b|S>,{~«Q>oZ, O_©Zr Am{X Xoem| _| Bgo "_mZd _pñH$îH$' _mZm Om ahm h¡ Ÿ& Bg{bE H§$ß yQ>a H$sñ_aU e{º$ Agr{_V Am¡a A{ÛVr` h¡ Ÿ&

121

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3.2 ê$naoIm : ê$naoIm : ê$naoIm : ê$naoIm : ê$naoIm :

H§$ß yQ>a H$s ê$naoIm Ho$ {d{dY A§J hmoVo h¢, {OÝh| _w»`V: Xmo ^mJm| _| {d^m{OV {H$`mOmVm h¡ Ÿ:

3.2.1 hmS>©do`a :hmS>©do`a :hmS>©do`a :hmS>©do`a :hmS>©do`a :

H§$ß`yQ>a Ho$ g^r ^m¡{VH$ ^mJm| H$mo hmS>©do`a H$hVo h¢ {OÝh| h_ XoI Am¡a ñne© H$a gH$Voh¢ Ÿ& hmS>©doAa H§$ß yQ>a H$m emar[aH$ T>m§Mm h¡ Ÿ& H$s-~moS>©, gr nr y, {à§Q>a, _m°ZrQ>a, _mCg,hmS>©{S>ñH$, âbm°nr S´>mBd, Q>on S´>mBd, _mBH«$mo àmogoga Am¡a AÝ` g_ñV ^mJ H§$ß yQ>a Ho$ hmS>©do a_| gå_{bV h¢ Ÿ&

3.2.2 gm°âQ>do`a :gm°âQ>do`a :gm°âQ>do`a :gm°âQ>do`a :gm°âQ>do`a :

H§$ß yQ>a Ho$ do g_ñV ^mJ Omo AÑí` ahH$a H$m © H$aVo h¢, gm°âQ>do`a H$hbmVo h¢ Ÿ& BgHo${~Zm H§$ß yQ>a EH$ {ZOud _erZ H$s ^m±{V ahVm h¡ Ÿ& AV: `h H§$ß`yQ>a H$s AmË_m h¡ Ÿ&

3.2.3 gm°âQ>do`a Xmo àH$ma Ho$ h¢ :gm°âQ>do`a Xmo àH$ma Ho$ h¢ :gm°âQ>do`a Xmo àH$ma Ho$ h¢ :gm°âQ>do`a Xmo àH$ma Ho$ h¢ :gm°âQ>do`a Xmo àH$ma Ho$ h¢ :

1) àUmbr gm°âQ>do a (Saystem Software )

2) AZwà`moJ gm°âQ>do a (Application Software )

3.2.3.1 {gñQ>_ gm°âQ>do a Eogo àmoJ«m_ h¢, {OZH$m H$m_ H§$ß yQ>a H$mo MbmZo Am¡a Cgo H$m_ H$aZobm`H$ ~ZmE aIZm h¡ Ÿ& `h hmS>©do`a _| OmZ S>mbVm h¡ Ÿ&

3.2.3.2 EßbrHo$eZ gm°âQ>do a Eogo àmoJ«m_ h¢, Omo h_mao Agb H$m_m| H$mo H$aZo Ho$ {bE {bIoOmVo h¢ Ÿ& {d{^Þ H$m`m] Ho$ {bE {d{^Þ àH$ma Ho$ gm°âQ>do a hmoVo h¢ Ÿ&

3.2.4 H§$ß`yQ>a Ho$ ^mJH§$ß`yQ>a Ho$ ^mJH§$ß`yQ>a Ho$ ^mJH§$ß`yQ>a Ho$ ^mJH§$ß`yQ>a Ho$ ^mJ

3.2.4.1 Ho$ÝÐr` àmogoqgJ BH$mB©Ho$ÝÐr` àmogoqgJ BH$mB©Ho$ÝÐr` àmogoqgJ BH$mB©Ho$ÝÐr` àmogoqgJ BH$mB©Ho$ÝÐr` àmogoqgJ BH$mB© ( ( ( ( (Central Processing Unit -CPU))))) :::::

H§$ß yQ>a go Omo H$m © {H$E OmVo h¢, CÝh| H$aZo dmbo ^mJ `m _erZ H$mo "àmogoga' H$hm OmVmh¡ Ÿ& àmogoga hr H§$ß yQ>a H$m _pñVîH$ h¡ Ÿ& BgH$m H$m_ h¡ {H$gr ì`{º$ Ûmam {XE JE AmXoem| H$mo

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g_PH$a R>rH$-R>rH$ nmbZ H$aZm Ÿ& BgHo$ VrZ ^mJ hmoVo h¢ -

i){Z §ÌH$ BH$mB© (H§$Q´>mob y{ZQ> /C.U )

ii) A§H$-J{UVr` Vm{H©$H$ BH$mB© m AW©_o{Q>H$ bm°{OH$ y{ZQ> (A.L.U)

iii) g§J«hU H$m © H$aZo dmbm _¡_moar

3.2.4.2 _¡_moar _¡_moar _¡_moar _¡_moar _¡_moar (((((Memory))))) :

H§$ß yQ>a Ho$ {Og mJ _| g^r S>mQ>m àmoJ«m_ Am{X aIo OmVo h¢, Cgo H§$ß yQ>a H$s _¡_moar H$hVoh¢ Ÿ&

g§J«hU Ho$ {bE âbm°nr {S>ñH$ Am¡a hmS>© {S>ñH$ H$m à`moJ hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& âbm°nr na gyMZmE±A§{H$V H$s OmVr h§¡ Ÿ& _¡_moar bmIm| N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o ImZm| _| ~§Q>r hþB© h¡ Ÿ& Eogo ha ImZo H$mo EH$"bmoHo$eZ' `m "~mBQ>' H$hm OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

H§$ß`yQ>a H$s _¡_moar Xmo àH$ma H$s hmoVr h§¡ Ÿ:

i) rVar/ _w»` _¡_moar

ii) ~mhar / ghm`H$ _¡_moar

_w»` _¡_moar Ho$ Xmo ^mJ h¢ :_w»` _¡_moar Ho$ Xmo ^mJ h¢ :_w»` _¡_moar Ho$ Xmo ^mJ h¢ :_w»` _¡_moar Ho$ Xmo ^mJ h¢ :_w»` _¡_moar Ho$ Xmo ^mJ h¢ : a¡_(RAM), amo_ (ROM) Ÿ& a¡_ H$m Xygam Zm_"a¢S>_ EŠgog _¡_moar' h¡ Ÿ& Bg _¡_moar H$mo h_ AnZr BÀN>m go à`moJ H$a gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ& Bg_| Eogo S>mQ>m`m àmoJ«m_ H$mo aIm OmVm h¡ {OÝh| Wmo‹S>o g_` VH$ aIZm hmo Ÿ& h S>mQ>m V~ VH$ dht ~Zm ahVm h¡O~ VH$ CgH$s OJh na Am¡a H$moB© Xygam S>mQ>m Zht aI {X`m OmVm Ÿ& O~ H§$ß yQ>a ~ÝX hmo OmVmh¡ V~ Bg_| aIm hþAm S>mQ>m Jm`~ hmo OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

ROM (amo_) H$m nyU© ê$n h(amo_) H$m nyU© ê$n h(amo_) H$m nyU© ê$n h(amo_) H$m nyU© ê$n h(amo_) H$m nyU© ê$n h¡ - arS> AmoZbr _¡_moar (Read only Memory) Ÿ&Bggo h_ Ho$db Bg mJ _| aIo hþE S>mQ>m H$mo n‹T> gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ& amo_ _| aIo JE S>mQ>m H$mo h_ {_Q>m ZhtgH$Vo Am¡a Cg_| H$moB© g§emoYZ ^r Zht H$a gH$Vo Ÿ& H§$ß yQ>a ~ÝX H$a XoZo na ^r S>mQ>m gwa{jVahVm h¡ Ÿ&

3.2.4.3 BZnwQ> BZnwQ> BZnwQ> BZnwQ> BZnwQ> (((((INPUT) :) :) :) :) :

BZnwQ> go h_ àmoJ«m_ `m S>mQ>m H$mo H§$ß`yQ>a _| aIVo h¢ Ÿ& Bg_| H$B© _erZ| h¢ {OZgo h_

123

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AbJ-AbJ Vah H$m BZHw$Q> (S>mQ>m/AmXoe) H§$ß yQ>a H$mo Xo gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ&

BZnwQ> _| g~go ~‹S>m gmYZ H$s-~moS>© (Key Voard) h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| EH$ Q>mBnamBQ>a H$s VahAja dmbm ~moS>© hmoVm h¡ {OgHo$ _mÜ`_ go h_ _ZMmhr OmZH$mar Q>mBn H$aHo$ H§$ß yQ>a H$mo Xo gH$Voh¢ Ÿ& BgHo$ Abmdm _mCg(MOUSE), Om° pñQ>H$ (JOYSTICK), bmBQ> noZ(LIGHT PEN)Am{X r BgHo$ gmYZ h¢ &

3.2.4.4 AmCQ>nwQ> AmCQ>nwQ> AmCQ>nwQ> AmCQ>nwQ> AmCQ>nwQ> (((((Output) :) :) :) :) :

AmCnwQ> go h_| H$m_ H$m n[aUm_ àmá hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| r H$B© _erZ| hmoVr h¢ Ÿ& {OZgo h_| H$B©Vah Ho$ AmCQ>nwQ> {_bVo h¢ Ÿ& BgH$m EH$ gabVm gmYZ h¡ - dr.S>r. y. (VISUAL DISPLAY

UNIT ) Omo Q>obr{dOZ H$s m±{V hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$ nX} na gyMZmE± {XImB© XoVr h¢ Ÿ& dr.S>r. y. Am¡aH$s ~moS>© H$mo {_bmH$a EH$ Eogm gmYZ ~Z OmVm h¡ {Oggo h_ BZnwQ> Am¡a AmCQ>nwQ> XmoZm| H$m_ H$agH$Vo h¢ Ÿ& `{X AmCQ>nwQ> _| qàQ>a hmo Vmo àmogoqgJ n[aUm_ H$mo h_ Amdí`H$VmZwgma H$mJO naA§{H$V H$a gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ&

3.2.4.5 àmoJ«m_àmoJ«m_àmoJ«m_àmoJ«m_àmoJ«m_ (((((PROGRAMME) :) :) :) :) :

{ZX}em| Ho$ H«$_~Õ g_yh H$mo "àmoJ«m_' H$hVo h¢ Ÿ& H§$ß yQ>a EH$ H¥${Ì_ _erZ h¡ Ÿ& `h Ho$db{dÚwV g§Ho$Vm| Am¡a {ñdM H$s Am°Z-Am\$ H$mo g_PVm h¡ Ÿ& Cgo Š`m H$aZm h¡ Am¡a H¡$go H$aZm h¡, h{ZX}e H§$ß`yQ>a H$s {deof ^mfmAm| _| (àmoJ«mq_J b¢½doO) {bIH$a XoZo hmoVo h¢ Ÿ& H$m © Ho$ àË oH$ñVa H$mo ~hþV hr ñnï> H$aHo$ H«$_~Õ ê$n go {bIm OmVm h¡ Vm{H$ H§$ß yQ>Ja Cg àmoJ«m_ _| {XE JEH$m_ H$mo ~mar-~mar g_P gHo$ Am¡a VXZwgma AZwnmbZ H$a gHo$ Ÿ& H§$ß yQ>a H$mo {XI OmZodmbo{ZX}em| Ho$ Bg g_yh H$m Zm_ hr àmoJ«m_ h¡ Ÿ& àmoJ«m_ go hr H§$ß`yQ>a H$mo VmH$V {_bVr h¡ Ÿ& BgHo${~Zm H§$ß yQ>a H$moB© H$m © Zht H$a gH$Vm Ÿ&

3.2.5.1 "H$sO' :"H$sO' :"H$sO' :"H$sO' :"H$sO' :

AmBE, H§$ß yQ>a Ho$ H$s-~moS>© na Hw$N> MMm© H$aVo h¢ Ÿ-

3.2.5.2 H$s-~moS>© :H$s-~moS>© :H$s-~moS>© :H$s-~moS>© :H$s-~moS>© :

BgHo$ ~mao _| AmnH$mo nhbo OmZH$mar {_br h¡ Ÿ& `h H§$ß yQ>a H$s _w»` BZnwQ> {S>dmBg h¡ Ÿ&H§$ß`yQ>a _| Q>mBn H$aZo nmR> (Text) Ho$ ê$n _| S>mQ>m XoZo Ho$ {bE H$s-~moS>© H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

124

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`{X H$s-~moS>© ghr ê$n go H$m_ Zht H$aVm Vmo Eaa _ogoO(Error Massage) {XImVm h¡ Ÿ& H$s-~moS>©na CnpñWV nwe ~Q>Z h¡ Ÿ& "H$s' (KEY) H$hVo h¢ Ÿ& àË oH$ "H$s' X~mH$a Amn EH$ {^Þ àH$maH$m Aja `m H$_m§S> Q>mBn H$a gH$Vo h¢ Omo VwaÝV ñH«$sZ na Am OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

3.2.5.3 Ý`y_o[aH$ -"H$s' :Ý`y_o[aH$ -"H$s' :Ý`y_o[aH$ -"H$s' :Ý`y_o[aH$ -"H$s' :Ý`y_o[aH$ -"H$s' :

Ý`y_o[aH$ "H$s' do$ hmoVr h¢ {OÝh| à`moJ H$aHo$ g§»`m Q>§{H$V hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& Ý y_o[aH$ "H$s' na 0go 9 VH$ Z§~a A§{H$V hmoVo h¢ {OÝh| X~m-X~mH$a Amn H$moB© r g§»`m R>rH$ d¡go hr Q>mBn H$a gH$Voh¢ Ÿ&

3.2.5.4 _¡W_o{Q>H$b -"H$r' :_¡W_o{Q>H$b -"H$r' :_¡W_o{Q>H$b -"H$r' :_¡W_o{Q>H$b -"H$r' :_¡W_o{Q>H$b -"H$r' :

J{UV Ho$ {MÝhdZmbodebr "H$s' H$mo _¡W_o{Q>H$b -"H$r' H$hm OmVm h¡ Ÿ& +, -,=, ?, /, [ ],

( ), { }, ^ Am¡a & BgHo$ CXmhaU h¢ Ÿ&

3.2.5.5 Eb\$m~o{Q>H$ -"H$s' :Eb\$m~o{Q>H$ -"H$s' :Eb\$m~o{Q>H$ -"H$s' :Eb\$m~o{Q>H$ -"H$s' :Eb\$m~o{Q>H$ -"H$s' :

{Og "H$s' na A§J«oOr dU©_mbm Ho$ Aja A to Z A§{H$V hmoVo h¢, Cgo Eb\$m~o{Q>H$ -"H$s'H$hVo h¢, BÝh| Q>mBn H$aHo$ h_ H$moB© eãX `m H$_m§S> BZnwQ> H$a gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ&

3.2.5.6 bm°{OH$b -"H$s' :bm°{OH$b -"H$s' :bm°{OH$b -"H$s' :bm°{OH$b -"H$s' :bm°{OH$b -"H$s' :

{Og na VH©$ g§~§Yr {MÝh A§{H$V hmoVo h¢, dh bm°{OH$b "H$s' h¡, Omo X = Am{X h¢ Ÿ&

3.2.5.7 \§$ŠeZ -"H$s' :\§$ŠeZ -"H$s' :\§$ŠeZ -"H$s' :\§$ŠeZ -"H$s' :\§$ŠeZ -"H$s' :

F 1 go F 12 VH$ bo~b dmbr "H$s' \§$ŠeZ "H$s' H$hbmVr h¡ Ÿ& BZH$m à`moJ H$aHo${deof \§$ŠeZ à`moJ {H$E OmVo h¢, Omo gm°âQ>do`a Ho$ AZwgma {^Þ-{^Þ hmoVo h¢ Ÿ&

3.2.5.8 H$g©a _wd_|Q -"H$s' :H$g©a _wd_|Q -"H$s' :H$g©a _wd_|Q -"H$s' :H$g©a _wd_|Q -"H$s' :H$g©a _wd_|Q -"H$s' :

H$g©a J{V_mZ -"H$s' H$g©a H$mo AmJo-nrN>o, Xm±E -~mE± Kw_mZo _| ghm`H$ hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& MmaH$sO → ←Ÿ↓ ↑ H$g©a H$mo Xm±E-~mE± Am¡a D$na-ZrMo Vram| H$s {Xem _| Kw_mVr h¡ Ÿ& BZHo$ A{V[aº$(Pg Up, Pg Dn, Home ) Am¡a End "H$sO' ^r Bg loUr Ho$ AÝV^w©º$ h¡ Omo H$g©a H$mo nyam EH$

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AZwÀN>oX `m EH$ n¥ð> D$na-ZrMo bo OmVr h¢ Ÿ&

3.2.5.9 ñnogb "H$s' : ñnogb "H$s' : ñnogb "H$s' : ñnogb "H$s' : ñnogb "H$s' :

Cn w©º$ lo{U`m| Ho$ Abmdm g^r "H$sO' Bg loUr _| AmVr h¡ Enter , Esc, Insert, Delete,

Shift, Tab, Backspace , Alt, Spacebar Am¡a àtQ> ñH«$sZ BZHo$ CXmhaU h¢ Ÿ&

3.2.6 _mCg :_mCg :_mCg :_mCg :_mCg :

_mCg EH$ BZnwQ> {S>dmBg h¡ Omo ñH«$sZ na J«m{\$H$b B_oO `m _¡Ý y H$mo grYm MwZVo hþEà`moJ H$aZo _| ghm`H$ h¡ Ÿ& h dr{S>`mo Jo_ IobZo Ho$ {bE à`moJ hmoZodmbr (Joystick) H$s VahñH«$sZ na grYm J{V H$admVm h¡ Ÿ&

3.2.7 _Xa-~moS>© :_Xa-~moS>© :_Xa-~moS>© :_Xa-~moS>© :_Xa-~moS>© :

`h {gñQ>_ y{ZQ> H$m rVar mJ h¡ Ÿ& h H§$ß`yQ>a H$m _w»` g{H©$Q> ~moS>© h¡ Ÿ& _mBH«$moàmogoga_o_moar (Ram) {Mn Am¡a AÝ` g^r KQ>H$ Bgr ~moS>© _| bJo hmoVo h¢ Ÿ& BZnwQ> Am¡a AmCQ>nwQ> Ho$ {bEH$s-~moS>© Am¡a _m°ZrQ>a Ho$ ES>m°ßQ>a H$mo ^r Bgrgo Omo‹S>m OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

3.2.8 _mBH«$moàmogoga :_mBH«$moàmogoga :_mBH«$moàmogoga :_mBH«$moàmogoga :_mBH«$moàmogoga :

`h H§$ß yQ>a H$s _w»` {Mn h¡ Ÿ& `h H§$ß yQ>a H$m _pñVîH$ h¡ Ÿ& H§$ß yQ>a H$s H$m ©j_Vm_mBH«$moàmgoga na hr {Z^©a H$aVr h¡ Ÿ& AmOH$b noqQ>A_ IV Am¡a Sw>Ab H$moa _mBH«$moàmogogagdm©{YH$ àM{bV h¡ Ÿ&

3.2.9 _o_moar {Mn : _o_moar {Mn : _o_moar {Mn : _o_moar {Mn : _o_moar {Mn :

_o_moar {Mn `m (RAM) H§$ß yQ>a _| {XE JE BZnwQ> Am¡a H$m © Ho$ g_` à`moJ hmoZo dmboH$m ©H«$_ H$mo aIZo Ho$ {bE ñWmZ àXmZ H$aVr h¡ Ÿ& AmOH$b 2 JrJm~mBQ> go 4 JrJm~mBQ> VH$_o_moar H$m MbZ h¡ Ÿ& (8 {~Q> = 1 ~mBQ>) 1024 ~mBQ> =1 {H$bmo~mBQ> Ÿ& 1024 {H$bmo~mBQ> Ÿ=1

_oJm~mBQ & 1024 _oJm~mBQ> = Ÿ 1 JrJm~mBQ> Ÿ&

3.2.10 hmS>© {S>ñH$ :hmS>© {S>ñH$ :hmS>© {S>ñH$ :hmS>© {S>ñH$ :hmS>© {S>ñH$ :

`h H§$ß yQ>a H$s ñWm`r ahZo dmbr {S>dmBg h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| ñQ>moa {H$E JE àmoJ«m_ H$mo H§$ß yQ>a naH$m © H$aVo g_` {H$gr ^r g_` d{Hª$J _o_moar na boH$a à`moJ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& hmS>© {S>ñH$

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H$s ñQ>moaoO j_Vm ~hþV A{YH$ hmoVr h¡ ; AV: Bg na n‹T>Zo-{bIZo H$m H$m © ^r Vrd« J{V go hmonmVm h¡ Ÿ& AmOH$b 80 JrJm~mBQ> (GB) go 1000 JrJm~mBQ> VH$ j_Vm H$s hmS>© {S>ñH$ H$màMbZ h¡ Ÿ&

3.2.11 gr.S>r. am°_ :gr.S>r. am°_ :gr.S>r. am°_ :gr.S>r. am°_ :gr.S>r. am°_ :

"H$ån¡ŠQ> {S>ñH$ arS> AmZbr _o_moar' H§$ß yQ>a H$s ñQ>moaoO {S>dmBg h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| H¡$ånŠQ> {S>ñH$(CD) bJmH$a BgHo$ S>mQ>m `m àmoJ«m_ H$mo read H$aVm h¡ Am¡a S´>mBd _| å`y{OH$ `m dr{S>`mo CD

H$mo ^r bJmH$a ßbo {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ&

3.2.12 _m°ZrQ>a :_m°ZrQ>a :_m°ZrQ>a :_m°ZrQ>a :_m°ZrQ>a :

_m°ZrQ>a H§$ß yQ>a H$s Anojm àË oH$ H$m`m©b` H$mo ñH«$sZ na àñVwV H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& H§$ß`yQ>a _|hmoZodmbr g^r KQ>ZmAm| Am¡a BZnwQ> -AmCQ>nwQ> H$mo dr{S>`mo Ho$ ê$n _| ñH«$sZ na XoIZo Ho$ {bE_m°ZrQ>a H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

3.3. Cn`moJ :Cn`moJ :Cn`moJ :Cn`moJ :Cn`moJ :

~rgdt eVmãXr _| AZoH$ d¡km{ZH$ Am{dîH$mam| H$m Cn`moJ hþAm h¡ Ÿ& BZ_| g~go _hËdnyU©`moJXmZ H§$ß`yQ>a H$m h¡ Ÿ& AmnHo$ ì`ñV OrdZ _| H§$ß yQ>a hr _Zwî` H$m gƒm gmWr h¡ Ÿ& gaH$marVWm J¡a-gaH$mar àË oH$ joÌ _| ~‹S>o ì`mnH$ ñVa na H§$ß yQ>a H$m à`moJ {H$`m Om ahm h¡ Ÿ&{~Obr, nmZr, Q>obr\$moZ, doVZ Ho$ {~b ~ZmZo, {Q>H$Q> H$aZo, ~¢H$, Eb.AmB© gr Am{X g^r H$m`m]_| H§$ß yQ>a H$s _XX boZr n‹S>Vr h¡ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma ì`mnm[aH$, d¡km{ZH$ AZwg§YmZ, g§Mma ì`dñWm,A§V[aj joÌ, {M{H$Ëgm, n`m©daU, {ejm, H$bm, g§ñH¥${V Am¡a CÚmoJ OJV _| H§$ß yQ>a H$m_hËdnyU© moJXmZ ahm h¡ Ÿ&

Hw$N> _hËdnyU© joÌm| _| H§$ß yQ>a H$m Cn`moJ {ZåZ{b{IV ê$n go hmoVm h¡ :

3.3.1 {ejm Ho$ joÌ _| : {ejm Ho$ joÌ _| : {ejm Ho$ joÌ _| : {ejm Ho$ joÌ _| : {ejm Ho$ joÌ _| :

H§$ß yQ>a {ejm Ho$ joÌ _| Ah_ y{_H$m {Z^m ahm h¡ Ÿ& _o{S>H$b, B§Or{Z`[a¨J, H§$ß yQ>a {dkmZAm{X joÌm| _| H§$ß yQ>a {ejm H$m _hËdnyU© A§J ~Z MwH$m h¡ Ÿ& _¡ZoO_|Q> VWm AÝ` {d{dY joÌm| _|gyMZm VWm S>mQ>m àmogoqgJ Ûmam H§$ß yQ>a {ejm _| ghm`H$ {gÕ hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& mfm VWm AZwdmX H$m ©_| ^r H§$ß`yQ>a ~hþV ghm`Vm H$aVm h¡ Ÿ&

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3.3.2 d¡km{ZH$ joÌ _| :d¡km{ZH$ joÌ _| :d¡km{ZH$ joÌ _| :d¡km{ZH$ joÌ _| :d¡km{ZH$ joÌ _| :

H§$ß yQ>a H$m Cn`moJ d¡km{ZH$ joÌ _| ^r AË`ÝV _hËdnyU© h¡ Ÿ& JUZm `m {_lU ~ZmZo _|BgH$s _XX boZr n‹S>Vr h¡ Ÿ& agm`Z, {dkmZ, A§V[aj, new {dkmZ Am{X _| H§$ß yQ>a H$m Cn`moJAË`{YH$ h¡ Ÿ&

3.3.3 H$m`m©b`r H$m_H$mO _| Cn`moJ :H$m`m©b`r H$m_H$mO _| Cn`moJ :H$m`m©b`r H$m_H$mO _| Cn`moJ :H$m`m©b`r H$m_H$mO _| Cn`moJ :H$m`m©b`r H$m_H$mO _| Cn`moJ :

gaH$mar VWm J¡a-gaH$mar VWm ì`mdgm{`H$ H$m`m©b`m| _| A{YH$m§e H$m © H§$ß yQ>a Ûmam hr{H$`m Om ahm h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$ H$m © _| H§$ß yQ>a H$s Amdí`H$Vm ~hþV ~‹T> MwH$s h¡ Ÿ& {~Zm H§$ß`yQ>a goAmOH$b aob, hdmB©-OhmO, ~g Am¡a àm`: g_ñV H$m_H$mO _| H§$ß yQ>a H$m ©aV h¡ Ÿ&

3.3.4 nwñVH$mb` _| Cn`moJ :nwñVH$mb` _| Cn`moJ :nwñVH$mb` _| Cn`moJ :nwñVH$mb` _| Cn`moJ :nwñVH$mb` _| Cn`moJ :

AmOH$b ha ñHy$b, H$m°boO, {díd{dÚmb` Ho$ nwñVH$mb` H§$ß yQ>arH¥$V hmo aho h¢ Ÿ& Bggo{d{^Þ {df`m| VWm Zm_m| H$s nwñVH$m| H$s gyMr H§$ß yQ>a _| ahVr h¡ Ÿ& g_ñV nwñVH$m| H$m {ddaU H$m[aH$mS>© H§$ß yQ>a _| ahVm h¡ Ÿ& Bggo nwñVH$m| Ho$ boZ-XoZ Ho$ {ddaU A~ H§$ß`yQ>a Ho$ Ûmam hmoVm h¡ Ÿ&

3.3.5 CÚmoJ OJV _| Cn`moJ :CÚmoJ OJV _| Cn`moJ :CÚmoJ OJV _| Cn`moJ :CÚmoJ OJV _| Cn`moJ :CÚmoJ OJV _| Cn`moJ :

H§$ß yQ>a AmO ha CÚmoJ _| H$m © H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& H§$ß yQ>a H$s ghm`Vm go CÚmoJ H$m ha H$m © ghrê$n go hmo nmVm h¡ Ÿ& AV: H§$ß yQ>a H$m Cn`moJ H$aZm hr CZHo$ {bE EH$_mÌ {dH$ën h¡ Ÿ& Xygar AmoaH§$ß yQ>a {Z_m©U Ed§ gm°âQ>do a {dH$mg ^r AnZo Amn _| EH$ d¥hX CÚmoJ ~Z J`m h¡ Ÿ&

3.3.6 {M{H$Ëgm Ho$ joÌ _| Cn`moJ :{M{H$Ëgm Ho$ joÌ _| Cn`moJ :{M{H$Ëgm Ho$ joÌ _| Cn`moJ :{M{H$Ëgm Ho$ joÌ _| Cn`moJ :{M{H$Ëgm Ho$ joÌ _| Cn`moJ :

{M{H$Ëgm Ho$ joÌ _| H§$ß yQ>a H$m Cn`moJ n`m©á ê$n go hmo ahm h¡ Ÿ& Am°naoeZ VWm AÝ`~r_m[a`m| Ho$ BbmO _| r H§$ß yQ>a _XX H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& H§$ß yQ>ar gmYZm| Ho$ Ûmam g_`mZwgma BbmO hmoVmh¡ Ÿ&

3.3.7 àH$meZ _| Cn`moJ :àH$meZ _| Cn`moJ :àH$meZ _| Cn`moJ :àH$meZ _| Cn`moJ :àH$meZ _| Cn`moJ :

àH$meZ Ho$ joÌ _| H§$ß`yQ>a Zo H«$m§{V bm Xr h¡ Ÿ& H§$ß yQ>a go àH$meZ H$m © ~hþV AmgmZ hmo

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J`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg joÌ _| H§$ß yQ>a _rb H$m nËWa gm{~V hþAm h¡ Ÿ&

Cn w©º$ joÌm| _| H§$ß yQ>a Ho$ Cn`moJ Ho$ Abmdm ~r_m, ~¢H$, S>mH$-Vma, n[adhZ Am{XAZoH$ joÌm| _| H§$ß yQ>a H$s Cn`mo{JVm ~‹T> MwH$s h¡ Ÿ&

3.4 B§Q>aZoQ> :B§Q>aZoQ> :B§Q>aZoQ> :B§Q>aZoQ> :B§Q>aZoQ> :

3.4.1 B§Q>aZoQ> : B§Q>aZoQ> : B§Q>aZoQ> : B§Q>aZoQ> : B§Q>aZoQ> :

B§Q>aZoQ> EH$ {dídì`mnr ZoQ>dH©$ h¡ Ÿ& `h Q>obr\$moZ VWm g¡Q>bmBQ> Ho$ _mÜ`_ go {d{^ÞñWmZm| Am¡a Xoem| Ho$ H§$ß`yQ>am| H$mo Omo‹S>H$a ~Zm`m J`m ZoQ>dH©$ h¡ Ÿ& `h Xmo `m Xmo go A{YH$H§$ß`yQ>ag© H$mo Amng _| Omo‹S>Vm h¡ Ÿ& Bggo gyMZmAm| Ho$ AmXmZ-àXmZ Am¡a S>mQ>m go`a H$aZo H$sgw{dYm {_bVm h¡ Ÿ& B§Q>aZoQ> go Ow‹S>o àË oH$ H§$ß yQ>a _| EH$ {ZpíMV ^mfm à`moJ H$aZr n‹S>Vr h¡ Ÿ&B§Q>ZoQ> godm àXmZ H$aZo dmbo B§Q>aZoQ> VH$ nh±þMZo Ho$ {bE OZg_wXm` H$mo {dídì`mnr {d{^Þ{dH$ën VWm n¡Ho$O àñVwV H$a aho h¢ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma B§Qa>ZoQ> {dIaVr Xw{Z`m H$mo Omo‹S>Zo H$s EH$AË`mYw{ZH$ {dH${gV g§Mma àUmbr h¡ Ÿ& {díd _| Bg g_` {OVZo H§$ß yQ>a Omb g{H«$` h¢, CZ_|H§$ß`yQ>a g~go ~‹S>m h¡ Ÿ& B§Qa>ZoQ> H$m OÝ_ A_o[aH$s ajm {d^mJ n|Q>mJZ go g§~§{YV h¡ Ÿ& n|Q>mJZ Ho$d¡km{ZH$m| Zo gZ² 1969 _| Enm©ZoQ> (ARPANET) Zm_H$ EH$ moOZm ~Zm`r Ÿ& E.dr.(ES>dm§ñS>[agM© àmoOoŠQ>g EOoÝgr) Zo à{Vajm g§~§Yr emoY H$aZo dmbr g§ñWmAm| Ho$ H§$ß yQ>a H$mo nañna Ho$~rM g§dmX gyÌ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE "n¡Ho$Q> pñdM ZoQ>dH©$' Ho$ gmW Omo‹S> {X`m Ÿ& Bgr g§H$ënZm Ho$AmYma na AÝ` H§$ß yQ>a ZoQ>dH$m] H$m {Z_m©U hþAm Omo AmJo Mb H$a {dídñVar` ZoQ>dH©$ B§Q>aZoQ>Ho$ ê$n _| VãXrb hmo J`m Ÿ& Bg_| {díd^a Ho$ H§$ß yQ>a ZoQ>dH©$ EH$ _mZH$ àmoQ>moH$m°b Ho$ _mÜ`_ goAmng _| Ow‹S>o hmoVo h¡ Ÿ& B§Q>aZoQ> H$s Bgr VH$ZrH$s H$m ì`mnH$ Cn`moJ B©-_ob AWm©V² Bb¡ŠQ´>mo{ZH$_ob Ho$ ê$n _| hmoVm h¡ Ÿ&

B§Q>aZoQ> _| Üd{Z, Vñdra, AmdmO Am{X Vmo _ëQ>r{_{S>`m Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW hr B§Qa>ZoQ> Ho$à{V bmoJm| _| VoOr go AmH$f©U ~‹T>m h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$ _mÜ`_ go H§$ß yQ>a Am¡a BboŠQ´>mo{ZŠg àUm{b`m| H$mg§ moOZ VWm eãXm|, Üd{Z`m| Am¡a {MÌm| H$mo {S>{OQ>b ê$n _| àmá H$aZm VWm g§Xoe oOZm Am{Xg§^d hmo J`m h¡ Ÿ&

B§Q>aZoQ> godmAm| Ho$ {ZOrH$aU Ho$ H$maU {d{^Þ B§Q>aZoQ> godm àXmZ H$aZo dmbo ^maV _|AnZr godmE± àñVwV H$a aho h¢ Ÿ& {dXoe g§Mma {ZJ_ {b{_Q>oS>> _hmZJa Q>obr\$moZ {ZJ_ {b.gË`_, BZ\$mo {b{_Q>oS>, ^maVr, ~r.Q>r. B§Q>aZoQ> àm. {b. Am{X Bg_| à_wI h¢ Ÿ&

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3.4.2 B§Q>aZoQ> go g§~§{YV CnH$aUB§Q>aZoQ> go g§~§{YV CnH$aUB§Q>aZoQ> go g§~§{YV CnH$aUB§Q>aZoQ> go g§~§{YV CnH$aUB§Q>aZoQ> go g§~§{YV CnH$aU

3.4.2.1 H§$ß`yQ>a :H§$ß`yQ>a :H§$ß`yQ>a :H§$ß`yQ>a :H§$ß`yQ>a :

g_ñV àH$ma Ho$ H§$ß yQ>am| Ho$ Ûmam h_ H$m © àUm{b`m| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go B§Q>aZoQ> VH$ nh±þM gH$Voh¢ Ÿ& {ZOr H§$ß yQ>a Am¡a qdS>mo AmnaoqQ>J {gñQ>_ H$s bmoH${à`Vm H$mo Ü`mZ _| aI BgH$m Cn`moJ hmogH$Vm h¡ Ÿ&

3.4.2.2 _moS>o_ :_moS>o_ :_moS>o_ :_moS>o_ :_moS>o_ :

_moS>o_ dh {S>dmBg h¡, {Oggo H§$ß yQ>a Ho$ gmW Omo‹S>H$a Xya ñWmZ na S>mQ>m oOZo `m àmáH$aZo Ho$ {bE BgH$m Cn`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& `h "_mo' S²>`yboQ>a (Modulator) VWm (S>o_'AmoS²> yboQ>a H$m {_lU h¡ Ÿ& `h EH$ Eogm CnH$aU h¡ Omo g_Vwë` (ANALOG) VWm A§H$s`(Digital)g§Ho$Vm| H$mo ~Xb XoVm h¡ Ÿ& `h H§$ß yQ>a Ho$ A§H$s` g§Ho$Vm| H$mo lì` -Üd{Z`m| (Audio

Tones ) _| ~Xb XoVm h¡ Ÿ& BZ g§Ho$Vm| H$mo H§$ß`yQ>a à`wº$ H$aVo Am¡a g_PVo h¢ Ÿ&

_m°S>_ Xmo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢ :

1. EŠgQ>Z©b _m°S_,

2. B§Q>aZb _m°S>_

1. EŠgQ>Z©b _m°S>_ : EŠgQ>Z©b _m°S>_ N>moQ>o {S>ã~o H$s Vah {XIVo h¢, {OÝh| Q>o~b naH§$ß yQ>a Ho$ gmW aIm OmVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| AmJo Ho$ n¡Zb _| ~hþV go (LED) gyMH$ (B§S>rHo$Q>g©) hmoVoh¢, Omo _m°S>_ Ho$ Am°Z hmoZo Am¡a H$m_ H$aZo Ho$ ~mao _| g§Ho$V XoVo h¢ Ÿ& Bg_| ñnrH$g© ^r bJo hmoVoh¢ {OÝh| hQ>mH$a Xygao na bJm`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& BgH$s hm{Z `hr h¡ {H$ o OJh KoaVo h¢ Ÿ&

2. B§Q>Z©b _m°S>_ : Bgo H§$ß yQ>a _| bJm`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& Bgo PCMCIA ( Pensnel Computar

and memory Card Internationl Association ) Ho$ Zm_ go r OmZm OmVm h¡ (Card ) EH$ àH$maB§Q>aZmb _m°S>_ h¡ Omo EH$ BboŠQ´>mo{ZH$ g{H©$Q> ~moS>© O¡gm {XIVm h¡ Ÿ& h {H$gr Vah H$s OJh rZht KoaVm Ÿ&

3.4.2.3 B§Q>aZoQ> nh±þM ImVm :B§Q>aZoQ> nh±þM ImVm :B§Q>aZoQ> nh±þM ImVm :B§Q>aZoQ> nh±þM ImVm :B§Q>aZoQ> nh±þM ImVm :

AmnH$mo AnZo joÌ Ho$ B§Q>aZoQ> godm àXm`H$ Ho$ nmg ImVo H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoJr Ÿ& àm`:B§Q>aZoQ> godm àXm`H$ (Tc pek IP) m àmoQ>moH$m°b S>m`b An ImVm àXmZ H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma H$snh±þM go Amn g^r B§Q>aZoQ> H$m à`moJ H$a gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ&

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3.4.2.4 g§àofU gm°âQ>do`a :g§àofU gm°âQ>do`a :g§àofU gm°âQ>do`a :g§àofU gm°âQ>do`a :g§àofU gm°âQ>do`a :

H§$ß yQ>a AÝ` _erZm| H$s Vah {d{^Þ àH$ma Ho$ H$m © nyao H$a gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ& à wº$ hmoZo dmbrEpßbHo$eZ gm°âQ>do a AmnHo$ H§$ß yQ>a H$mo eãX, g§gmYH$ (Word Processor) `m ImVm _erZHo$ ê$n _| ~Xb gH$Vr h¡ Ÿ& B§Q>aZoQ> VH$ nh±þMZo Ho$ {bE EH$ m EH$m{YH$ gm°âQ>do a H$s Amdí`H$VmhmoJr -

i) TC pek ip S>m`ba gm°âQ>do a (àmoQ>moH$m°b S>m`b-An hoVw)

ii) d¡~ ~«mCOa ({dídì`mnr d¡~ go gyMZm H$m|nb hoVw)

iii) ào{fV H$aZo VWm J«hU H$aZo Ho$ {bE B©-_ob gm°âQ>do a

3.4.3 B§Q>aZoQ> à`moJ H$aZo Ho$ {bE hmS>©do`a Am¡a gm°âQ>do`a :B§Q>aZoQ> à`moJ H$aZo Ho$ {bE hmS>©do`a Am¡a gm°âQ>do`a :B§Q>aZoQ> à`moJ H$aZo Ho$ {bE hmS>©do`a Am¡a gm°âQ>do`a :B§Q>aZoQ> à`moJ H$aZo Ho$ {bE hmS>©do`a Am¡a gm°âQ>do`a :B§Q>aZoQ> à`moJ H$aZo Ho$ {bE hmS>©do`a Am¡a gm°âQ>do`a :

1.. EH$ Pentium AMP àmogoga Ho$ gmW H§$ß yQ>a {OgH$s _o_moar (RAM) 32 MB `mA{YH$ hmoZr Mm{hE Ÿ&

2. Windows 95/98 ŸAm°naoqQ>J {gñQ>_ (CD -ROM g{hV)

3. EH$ AÀN>m Anti -Virus gm°âQ>do a Omo AmnHo$ B§Q>aZoQ> na H$m_ H$aVo g_` Cgo MoH$H$aVm aho {H$ {H$gr \$mBb _| dm`ag (Virus) Vmo Zht h¡, Omo AmnH$m H§$ß yQ>a `m S>mQ>m Iam~ H$agH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& Amn B§Q>aZoQ> go r n¡Ho$O S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ& Hw$N> à_wI Anti -Virus gm°âQ>do aNorton, Mcafee, PC - Cillin, Panda Am{X Ÿ&

4. EH$ _m°S>_ {OgH$s J{V H$_-go-H$_ 33.6 Kbps `m 56.6 Kbps hmo Ÿ&

5. \$moZ bmBZ, {OgHo$ Ûmam Amn B§Q>aZoQ> go H$ZoŠQ> hm| &

Ÿ 6. AnZo B§Q>aZoQ> g{d©g àmodmBS>a ( ISP ) Ho$ EH$ Shell `m TCP/IP B§Q>aZoQ> EH$mC§Q> OmoAmnH$mo AmJo B§Q>aZoQ> go H$ZoŠQ> H$aoJm Ÿ& d¡go TCP/ IPEH$mC§Q> _| Á`mXm bm^ h¡ Ÿ&

3.5 qbH$qbH$qbH$qbH$qbH$

3.5.1 "qbH$' H$m VmËn`© :"qbH$' H$m VmËn`© :"qbH$' H$m VmËn`© :"qbH$' H$m VmËn`© :"qbH$' H$m VmËn`© :

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3.6.2 do~ ~«mCOa H$s {defVmEª :do~ ~«mCOa H$s {defVmEª :do~ ~«mCOa H$s {defVmEª :do~ ~«mCOa H$s {defVmEª :do~ ~«mCOa H$s {defVmEª :

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3.6.2.1 B©-_ob gw{dYm :B©-_ob gw{dYm :B©-_ob gw{dYm :B©-_ob gw{dYm :B©-_ob gw{dYm :

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3.6.2.2 gyMZm {XImZm :gyMZm {XImZm :gyMZm {XImZm :gyMZm {XImZm :gyMZm {XImZm :

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3.8 S>mCZ bmoqS>JS>mCZ bmoqS>JS>mCZ bmoqS>JS>mCZ bmoqS>JS>mCZ bmoqS>J

3.8.1 AW© :AW© :AW© :AW© :AW© :

B§Q>aZoQ> go Amn A{YH$m§e gm°âQ>do a S>mCZbmoS> H$aZo H§$ß yQ>a na àmá H$a gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ&HTTP àmoQ>moH$m°b H$a \$mBbm| H$mo à`moJ H$aVo hþE AnZo ~«mCOa H$m à`moJ H$a \$mBbm| H$moCVmaZm (S>mCZbmoS>) r g§ d h¡ Ÿ& FTP àmoQ>moH$m°b H$mo A{YH$m§e ~«mCOa g_W©Z H$aVo h¢ Am¡a\$mBbm| H$mo CVmaZo _| h ñdV: à`wº$ hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& Amn HTML XñVmdoO go qbH$ H$m AZwgaU H$agH$Vo h¢ Ÿ& dh AmnH$mo CVmaZo mo½` \$mBb H$s Amoa bo OmVm h¡ Ÿ& Eogo _m_bm| _| \$mBb S>mCZbmoS>{dÊS>mo {XImB© XoJr Am¡a Amngo nyN>m OmEJm {H$ Amn \$mBb H$mo {S>ñH$ _| gwa{jV aIZm MmhVo h¢`m Bgo VmËH$m{bH$ pñW{V go ImobZm MmhVo h¡ Ÿ& V~ AmnH$mo "\$mBb gwa{jV H$a| (Save File)MwZZm Mm{hE Am¡a AmoHo$'(OK) H$mo X~mZm Mm{hE Ÿ& Amngo nyN>m OmEJm {H$ hmS>©{S>ñH$ Ho$ {H$g{deof ñWmZ na \$mBb H$m §S>maU {H$`m OmE Ÿ& Amn AnZr BÀN>mZwgma Cn_mJ© {ZX}{eH$m(Subdirectory) H$mo MwZo Am¡a AnZo H§$ß`yQ>a na \$mBb god(Save) H$a| Ÿ& BpÀN>V \$mBb H$mo{ZåZ{b{IV ê$n go gwa{jV H$a| :

i) BpÀN>V \$moëS>a m Cn-\$moëS>a H$mo MwZ| &

ii) AnZr ngÝX H$m \$mBb H$m Zm_ Q>mBn H$a| &

iii) \$mBb Ho$ {bE XñVmdoO H$m dJ© MwZ| &

iv) (Save) gwa{jV H$mo X~mE± Ÿ&

Hw$N> gm°âQ>do a Omo (Share ware) hmoVo h¢, do {Z:ewëH$ S>mCZbmoS> {H$E Om gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ&BgHo$ A{V[aº$ Hw$N> {~H«$sdmbo gm°âQ>do a ^r Trial Version Ho$ ê$n _| Hw$N> {ZpíMV g_` VH$

137

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à`moJ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {Z:ewëH$ S>mCZbmoS> {H$E Om gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ& `{X Amn {~H«$sdmbo gm°ßQ>do aS>mCZbmoS> H$aZm MmhVo h¢ Vmo CÝh| ^r H«o${S>Q> H$mS>© Ûmam {d{YdV² IarX H$a S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Voh¢ Ÿ&

{H$gr {Z:ewëH$ gm°âQ>do`a H$mo S>mCZbmoS> H$aZo Ho$ Cnm` :{H$gr {Z:ewëH$ gm°âQ>do`a H$mo S>mCZbmoS> H$aZo Ho$ Cnm` :{H$gr {Z:ewëH$ gm°âQ>do`a H$mo S>mCZbmoS> H$aZo Ho$ Cnm` :{H$gr {Z:ewëH$ gm°âQ>do`a H$mo S>mCZbmoS> H$aZo Ho$ Cnm` :{H$gr {Z:ewëH$ gm°âQ>do`a H$mo S>mCZbmoS> H$aZo Ho$ Cnm` :

1. g~go nhbo CZ do~ gmBQ> na g{\ª$J H$aHo$ Am OmE± {Oggo Amn gm°âQ>dou`aS>mCZbmoS> H$aZm h¡, Cgo {gboŠQ> H$a| Ÿ&

2. A§V _| S>mCZbmoS> na pŠbH$ H$a| Ÿ&

3. Amngo dh J§Vì` ñWmZ nyN>m OmEJm Ohm± Amn Cgo S>mCZbmoS> H$aHo$ aIZmMmhVo h¢ Ÿ& O¡go `{X Amn H§$ß`yQ>a Ho$ (My Documents) \$moëS>a _| aIZm MmhVo h¢ Vmo Cgo{gboŠQ> H$a| Am¡a {\$a E§Q>a X~mE± Ÿ&

4. gm°âQ>do`a S>mCZbmoS> hmoH$a AmnHo$ MwZo hþE \$moëS>a _| Am OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

Bg àH$ma B§Q>aZoQ> go gyMZmAm| H$mo AnZo H§$ß yQ>a H$s hmS>©{S>ñH$ na S>mCZbmoS> H$aZo H$mAW© h¡ S>mCZbmoS> hmoZo Ho$ ~mX Amn CZ gyMZmAm| H$mo Am°\$bmBZ _| XoI gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ&

3.9 AnbmoqS>J :AnbmoqS>J :AnbmoqS>J :AnbmoqS>J :AnbmoqS>J :

S>mCZbmoqS>J H$s {dnarV {H«$`m AnbmoqS>J h¡ Omo {H$gr ñWmZr` {gñQ>_ go {H$gr XyañW{gñQ>_ _| g§{MV H$aZm h¡ Ÿ& O¡go {H$gr gd©a m {H$gr AÝ` ŠbmE§Q> na S>oQ>m H$mo oOZo Ho$ H$m © H$mo{OgH$m CÔoí` ñWmZmÝV[aV S>oQ>m H$s EH$ à{V Cg XyañW {gñQ>_ na gwa{jV aIZm h¡ Ÿ&

AnbmoqS>J Am¡a S>mCZbmoqS>J eãXmd{b`m| Ho$ à`moJ _| AŠga `h gpå_{bV hmoVm h¡ {H$^oOm J`m `m àmá {H$`m J`m S>oQ>m ñWm`r ê$n go g§{MV {H$`m OmZm h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$ {dnarV ,S>mCZbmoqS>J eãX Bggo g§~§{YV ñQ´>rq_J H$s AdYmaUm go {^Þ h¡ Omo {H$ S>oQ>m H$s Eogr àm{á H$mogy{MV H$aVm h¡, {OgH$m à`moJ S>oQ>m H$s àm{á Ho$ VwaÝV ~mX {H$`m OmVm h¡, O~{H$ A§VaU A^r^r Mb ahm hmoVm h¡ d Bgo XrK© g_` Ho$ {bE g§{MV Zht {H$`m OmVm Ÿ&

3.9.1 XyañW AnbmoS> :XyañW AnbmoS> :XyañW AnbmoS> :XyañW AnbmoS> :XyañW AnbmoS> :

O~ {H$gr XyañW {gñQ>_ go {H$gr AÝ` XyañW {gñQ>_ na S>oQ>m H$m A§VaU hmo ahm hmo, VmoBg à{H«$`m H$mo XyañW AnbmoqS>J H$hm OmVm h¡ Ÿ& BgH$m à`moJ Hw$N> Am°ZbmBZ \$mBb hmopñQ>¨JgodmAm| Ûmam {H$`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& BgH$m à`moJ CZ pñW{V`m| _| r {H$`m OmVm h¡, O~ do H§$ß yQ>g© {OÝh|S>oQ>m H$mo gmPm H$aZo H$s Oê$aV h¡, Cƒ J{V dmbo XyañW ñWmZr` A§Mb ZoQ>dH©$ na pñWV hm| VWm

138

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XyañW {Z §ÌU EH$ AnojmH¥$V H$_ J{Vdmbo hm`b An _m°S>o_ H$ZoŠeZ Ûmam {H$`m Om ahm h¡ Ÿ&

XyañW AnbmoqS>J àH$m © Ho$ {~Zm à`moº$m H$mo nhbo dh \$mBb AnZo ñWmZr` hmoñQ> naS>mCZbmoS> H$aZr n‹S>oJr Am¡a BgHo$ ~mX Cgo XyañW \$mBb hmopñQ>¨J gd©a na nwZ: AnbmoS> H$aZmhmoJm Ÿ&

3.9.2 \$mBb| H¡$go AnbmoS> H$a| :\$mBb| H¡$go AnbmoS> H$a| :\$mBb| H¡$go AnbmoS> H$a| :\$mBb| H¡$go AnbmoS> H$a| :\$mBb| H¡$go AnbmoS> H$a| :

BgHo$ Xmo VarHo$ h¡ :

1) {H$gr EH$ nwñVH$ H$s \$mBb| AnbmoS> H$a| (nwñVH$ H$s goqQ>J$ Ho$ gm_J«r Q>¡~ go)

2) EH$ hr g_` _| EH$m{YH$ nwñVH$m| H$s \$mBb| AnbmoS> H$a| Ÿ&

3.9.3 EH$ nwñVH$ Ho$ {bE EH$m{YH$ \$mBb| :

{ZåZ{b{IV pñW{V`m| Ho$ {bE AnZr nwñVH$ g§gm{YV H$aZo hoVw AmnH$mo g_ñV Amdí`H$\$mBb| g~{_Q> H$aZr Mm{hE -

*EH$m{YH$ PDF \$mBbm| _| {d^m{OV nwñVH$ Ÿ&

* {~Zm H$da dmbr PDF \$mBb EH$ {^Þ H$da {MÌ \$mBb Ho$ gmW hmoZr Mm{hE Ÿ&

`{X Amn EH$ AbJ {nN>bo H$da dmbr {MÌ \$mBb g~{_Q> H$a aho h¢, Vmo h_ AZwe§gmH$aVo h¢ {H$ Amn Cgo gm_J«r \$mBb AnbmoS> H$aZo go nhbo AnbmoS> H$a| Ÿ& {X g^r \$mBb| EH$ hrg_` na g~{_Q> Zht H$s OmVt Vmo CÝh| nwñVH$ H$s gm_J«r Q>¡~ na b§{~V Ho$ ê$n _| gyMr~Õ {H$`mOmEJm Am¡a gm_J«r `m H$da H$mo V~ VH$ g§gm{YV Zht {H$`m OmEJm O~ VH$ {H$ g^r Ano{jV\$mBb| g~{_Q> Zht H$a Xr OmVt Ÿ&

3.10 `y{ZH$moS>`y{ZH$moS>`y{ZH$moS>`y{ZH$moS>`y{ZH$moS>

3.10.1 AW©AW©AW©AW©AW©

" y{ZH$moS>' àË oH$ Aja Ho$ {bE EH$ {deof g§»`m àXmZ H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& y{ZH$moS> H$s CËn{VAm¡a CnbãYVm A{V _hËdnyU© {dídì`mnr gm°âQ>do a àmoÚmo{JH$s Ho$ gmW h¡ Ÿ& Bgo EM.nr, AmB.~r. E_., _mBH«$mogm°âQ>, AaoH$b, gmB©~«og Am¡a y{Z{gg O¡gr CÚmoJ H$s à_wI H§$n{Z`m| Zo AnZm`mh¡ Ÿ& h H$B© g§MbZ àUm{b`m|, AmYw{ZH$ ~«mCOam| VWm AÝ` H$B© CËnmXm| _| hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& y{ZH$moS> goEH$ Eogm gm°âQ>do a CËnmX do~gmBQ> {_b OmVm h¡ {Ogo {d{^Þ mfmAm| Am¡a Xoem| _| Cn`moJ {H$`mOm gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ&

139

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AV: y{ZH$moS> _yb ê$n go Z§~a go g§~§{YV h¡ Ÿ& `h àË oH$ Aja Ho$ {bE EH$ g§»`m{ZYm©[aV H$aHo$ Aja d dU© g§J«{hV H$aVm h¡ Ÿ&

3.10.2 {deofVmE± :{deofVmE± :{deofVmE± :{deofVmE± :{deofVmE± :

1. `h {díd H$s g^r {b{n`m| go g^r g§Ho$Vm| Ho$ {bE EH$ AbJ H$moS> {~ÝXw àXmZH$aVm h¡ Ÿ&

2. `h dUm] H$mo EH$ H$moS> XoVm h¡, Z {H$ {½b\$ glyph H$mo

3. y{ZH$moS> ^mfmAm| H$mo EH$sH$aU H$m à`ËZ H$aVm h¡ Ÿ&

Bgr Zr{V Ho$ H$maU g^r npíM_r yamonr` ^mfmAm| H$mo b¡{Q>Z Ho$ A§VJ©V g_m{hV {H$`mJ`m h¡ ; g^r ñbm{dH$ mfmAm| H$mo {g[a{bH$(Cyrilic) Ho$ A§VJ©V aIm J`m h¡ ; qhXr, g§ñH¥$V,_amR>r, Zonmbr, H$í_rar, {gÝYr Am{X Ho$ {bE "XodZmJar' Zm_ go EH$ hr ãbm°H$ {X`m J`m h¡ Ÿ&MrZr, OmnmZr, {d`VZm_r, H$mo[a`mB© mfmAm| H$mo " y{ZhmZ'(Unihan) Zm_ go EH$ ãbm°H$ _| aImJ`m h¡ Am¡a Aa~r, \$magr, CXy© Am{X H$mo EH$ hr ãbm°H$ _| aIm J`m h¡ Ÿ&

4. `h Ü`mZ aho {H$ y{ZH$moS> Ho$db EH$ H$moS>-gmaUr h¡ Ÿ& BZ {b{n`m| H$mo {bIZo -n‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE BZnwQ> _oWS> E{S>Q>a Am¡a \$m°ñQ> \$mBb| Oê$ar h¡§ Ÿ&

5. ~mE± go Xm±E {bIr OmZo dmbr {b{n`m| Ho$ A{V[aº$ Xm±E go ~mE± {bIr OmZo dmbr{b{n`m±(Aa~r, \$magr, {h~«y Am{X ) H$mo r Bg_| em{_b {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ&

6. y{ZH$moS> 16 {~Q²>g H$mo EH$ B©H$mB© Ho$ ê$n _| boH$a MbVm Wm Ÿ& A~ Bgo 32 {~Q> H$a{X`m J`m Ÿ& Bg g_` Xw{Z`m H$m H$moB© g§Ho$V Zht h¡ {Ogo32 {~Q> Ho$ H$moS> _| H$ht na H$ht OJh Z{_b JB© hmo Ÿ&

3.10.3 `y{ZH$moS> Ho$ ê$n :`y{ZH$moS> Ho$ ê$n :`y{ZH$moS> Ho$ ê$n :`y{ZH$moS> Ho$ ê$n :`y{ZH$moS> Ho$ ê$n :

y{ZH$moS> Ho$ VrZ ê$n h¢ : UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32 & _mZ br{OE {H$ AmnHo$ nmg Xgn¥îR>m| H$m H$moB© nmR> h¡ {Og_| amo_Z, XodZmJar, Aa~r Am{X Ho$ Hw$N> {MÝh h¢ Ÿ& BZ {MÝhm| Ho$y{ZH$moS> AbJ-AbJ hmoVo h¢ Ÿ& Hw$N> {MÝhm| Ho$ 32 {~Q> Ho$ y{ZH$moS> _| ewê$AmV _| eyÝ` h¡ Ÿ&

Bg{bE {X ewê$AmVr eyÝ` H$mo hQ>m X| Vmo {g\©$ 8 {~Q> Ho$ Ûmam BÝh| {Zê${nV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ&Bgr àH$ma ê$gr, Aa~r, {h~«y Am{X Ho$ y{ZH$moS> h¡ {OZ_| eyÝ` H$mo N>mo‹S> XoZo na CÝh| àm`: 16 {~Q>=2 ~mBQ> go {Zê${nV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& XodZmJar, MrZr, OmnmZr Am{X H$mo àma§{^H$ eyÝ` hQ>m

140

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XoZo Ho$ ~mX àm`: 24 {~Q> 3 ~mBQ> go {Zê${nV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& na§Vw Eogo g§Ho$V hm|Jo {OZ_|eyÝ` Zht hm|Jo V~ CÝh| {Zê${nV H$aZo Ho$ {bE Mma ~mBQ> hr bJ|Jo Ÿ&

UTF-8, UTF-16, Am¡a UTF-32 Ho$ H$m_ {^Þ -{^Þ T>§J go hmoVo h¢ Ÿ& UTF-8 Hw$N> {b{n{MÝhm| Ho$ {bE Ÿ& ~mBQ>, Hw$N> Ho$ {bE 2 ~mBQ>, Hw$N> Ho$ {bE 3 `m 4 ~mBQ> BñVo_mb H$aVm h¡ Ÿ&

UTF-16 Bgr H$m_ Ho$ {bE 16 Ý yZV_ {~Q>m| H$m BñVo_mb H$aVm h¡, AWm©V² Omo MrO|UTF-8 _| Ho$db $1 ~mBQ> OJh boVr Wr do A~ 16 {~Q> =2~mBQ> Ho$ Ûmam {Zê${nV hm|Jr Ÿ& OmoUTF-8 _| 2 ~mBQ> boVr Wr dh UTF-16 _| ^r 2 ~mBQ> b|Jr Ÿ&

Bggo ñnï> h¡ {H$ àm`: UTF-8 _| BZH$moqS>J H$aZo go UTF-16 H$s Anojm H$_ {~Q²>gbJ|Jo Ÿ& UTF-16 H$s Anojm UTF-8 H$mo A{YH$ à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ& UTF-16 Am¡a UTF-32

_o§ h {deofVm h¡ {H$ A~ H§$ß yQ>a H$m hmS>©do a 32 {~Q> m 64 {~Q> H$m hmo J`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg{bE UTF-

8 H$s \$mBbm| H$mo àmogog H$aZo _| UTF-16, UTP-32 dmbr \$mBbm| H$s Anojm A{YH$ g_`bJoJm Ÿ&

3.10.4 `y{ZH$moS> go bm^ :`y{ZH$moS> go bm^ :`y{ZH$moS> go bm^ :`y{ZH$moS> go bm^ :`y{ZH$moS> go bm^ :

* EH$ hr XñVmdoO _| AZoH$ ^mfmAm| Ho$ nmR> {bIo Om gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ&

* nmR> H$mo EH$ {ZpíMV Cnm` go g§ñ MOH$m[aV H$aZo H$s Oê$aV n‹S>Vr h¡ {Oggo{dH$mg -IM© H$_ bJVo h¢ Ÿ&

* {H$gr gm°âQ>do a CËnmX H$m EH$ hr g§ñH$aU nyao {díd _| Mbm`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ&

***

141

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àíZmdbràíZmdbràíZmdbràíZmdbràíZmdbr

`y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> `y{ZQ> 3.

{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :{ZåZ Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE :

1. H§$ß yQ>a H$m n[aM` XoH$a BgHo$ {d{^Þ {d^mJm| na MMm© H$s{OE Ÿ&

2. H§$ß yQ>a Ho$ {d{dY ^mJm| H$s MMm© H$s{OE Ÿ&

3. H§$ß yQ>a Ho$ _w»` H$sO (keys) na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

4. "H§$ß yQ>a' Š`m h¡ ? BgH$s Cn`mo{JVmAm| na MMm© H$s{OE Ÿ&

5. B§Q>aZoQ> Š`m h¡ ? Bggo g§~§{YV CnH$aUm| H$mo g_PmBE Ÿ&

6. "qbH$' na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

7. ~«mCqOJ Š`m h¡ ? do~ ~«mCOa H$s {deofVmAm| H$mo ~VmBE Ÿ&

8. " y{ZH$moS>' H$m AW© ~VmVo hþE CgH$s {deofVmAm| H$m dU©Z H$s{OE Ÿ&

{Q>ßnUr {b{IE :{Q>ßnUr {b{IE :{Q>ßnUr {b{IE :{Q>ßnUr {b{IE :{Q>ßnUr {b{IE :

H$) B©-_ob

I) S>mCZ bmoqS>J -AnbmoqS>J

J) y{ZH$moS>

K) H§$ß yQ>a H$s ê$naoIm

Ÿ L>) Ho$ÝÐr` àmogoqgJ BH$mB©

M) hmS>©do a -gm°âQ>do a

N>) BZnwQ>-AmCQ>nwQ>

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