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J. Muylaert, C. O. Asma , R. Reinhard v on Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics Rhode-Saint-Genèse (Brussels) SEMWO 2011 November 16-18, 2011 Vilnius, Lithuania. QB50 Project in response to FP7 Space 2010 call “Facilitating access to space for small scale missions”. QB50 - THE IDEA. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics1 www.QB50.eu
J. Muylaert, C. O. Asma, R. Reinhard
von Karman Institute for Fluid DynamicsRhode-Saint-Genèse (Brussels)
SEMWO 2011 November 16-18, 2011
Vilnius, Lithuania
QB50 Project in response to
FP7 Space 2010 call “Facilitating access to space for small scale missions”
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics2 www.QB50.eu
QB50 - THE IDEA
• An international network of 50 double CubeSats for multi-point, in-situ, long-duration measurements in the lower thermosphere and for re-entry research
• A network of 50 double CubeSats sequentially deployed (1 CubeSat every orbit)
• Initial altitude: 320 km (circular orbit, i=79°)
• Downlink using the Global Educational Network for Satellite Operations (GENSO)
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics3 www.QB50.eu
QB50 – Studying Lower ThermosphereA network of 50 CubeSats in the lower thermosphere compared to networks in higher orbits has the following advantages:
• The lifetime of a CubeSat in the envisaged low-Earth orbit will only be three months, i.e. much less than the 25 years stipulated by international requirements related to space debris
• A low-Earth orbit allows high data rates because of the short communication distances involved
• In their low-Earth orbits, the CubeSats will be below the Earth’s radiation belts, which is very important because CubeSats use low-cost Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components
• The residual atmosphere at these altitudes would help the CubeSats to scan lower altitudes without onboard propulsion and also to achieve a stable attitude
• The orbit of the International Space Station (ISS) is usually maintained between 335 km (perigee) and 400 km (apogee). If a network of many CubeSats is launched into an orbit that is above that of the ISS there is a danger of collision with the ISS when the orbits of the CubeSats decay due to atmospheric drag. If the initial orbit of the CubeSats is below 330 km there is no danger of collision.
On all other missions CubeSats are a secondary payload, on QB50 the CubeSats are the primary payload.
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics4 www.QB50.eu
QB50 - THE IDEA
Science Unit:
Lower Thermosphere Measurements
Sensors to be selected by a Working Group
Standard sensors for all CubeSats
Functional Unit:
Power, CPU, Telecommunication
Optional Technology or Science Package
Universities are free to design the functional unit
ISIS 2U
On a Double CubeSat (10 x 10 x 20 cm3):
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics5 www.QB50.eu
QB50 – CubeSat Community7 Germany
2 Greece
1 Hungary
1 India
1 Iran
2 Ireland
2 Israel
2 Italy
1 Lithuania
1 Netherlands
1 Norway
5 Peru
1 Portugal
2 Australia
3 Austria
4 Belgium
1 Brazil
1 Czech Republic
3 Canada
1 Chile
8 China
2 Denmark
1 Estonia
1 Ethiopia
1 Finland
3 France
1 Russia
1 Singapore
1 Slovakia
2 South Korea
1 Spain
1 Sweden
1 Taiwan
2 Turkey
4 United Kingdom
8 USA
1 Vietnam
81 Letters of Intent
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics 6
WORK BREAKDOWN – Tasks 1, 2, 3
See separate
slide
See separate
slide
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics 7
WORK BREAKDOWN – Task 3
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics 8
WORK BREAKDOWN – Task 4
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics9 www.QB50.eu
Advisory Structure
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics10 www.QB50.eu
Sensor Selection Working GroupSensors reviewed:
Information gathered for each sensor:• Science case
• Description• Performance• Mass• Power• Data rate• Operations and Commanding• Special requirements• Heritage (TRL)• Cost (development and per
unit)• Development schedule
• Accelerometer• Energetic Particle Sensors• FIPEX (oxygen sensor)• GPS• Ion Mass Spectrometer• Langmuir Probe• Laser Reflector• Magnetometer• Neutral Mass Spectrometer• Spherical EUV and Plasma
Spectrometer (SEPS)• Thermal Sensors (Incl. Bolometric
Oscillation Sensor)• Wind Ion Neutral Composition Suite
(WINCS - Armada)
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics11 www.QB50.eu
Sensor Selection Working GroupCubeSat Configuration
• Spacecraft resources preclude accommodating all sensors on all CubeSats
• Present sensor budget need to be increased for a scientifically compelling payload
• Minimum baseline would be:
– 10 x FIPEX+T+LR; 10 x NMS+T+LR;10 x LP+T+LR; 10 x IMS+T+LR
• Proposed baseline would be:
– 20 x [FIPEX, NMS, Thermal, Laser Reflector]– 20 x [Langmuir Probe, IMS, Thermal, Laser Reflector]
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics12 www.QB50.eu
To be determined:
• Initial orbital altitude to ensure minimum lifetime of 3 months
• Separation speed (present assumption in the range 1 to 5 m/s)
• Should the CubeSats be deployed in flight direction, anti-flight direction, upward,
downward, east or west direction?
• Deployment sequence (1 CubeSat per orbit or 1 CubeSat every 2 or 3 orbits?)
• Which atmospheric models should be used (present assumption several different models)
• Which trajectory simulation software should be used?
• Which drag coefficient should be used (probably a range of coefficients)
These questions will be addressed by the Orbital Dynamics Working Group (ODWG)
QB50 – Orbital Dynamics
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics13 www.QB50.eu
Importance of Attitude Stability
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics14 www.QB50.eu
Lifetime Prediction (h0 = 320 km)
Launch
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics15 www.QB50.eu 15
• The Shtil -1 was used to launch : – TUBSAT-N (8kg) and TUBSAT-N1(3kg) nanosatellites
into a 400x776 km orbit on 7 July 1998
– Kompass-2 satellite (77kg) into a 402x525km orbit on 26 May 2006
• On the Shtil-1, the payload is placed inside a special container which is custom designed and mounted next to the third stage engine nozzle.
• The Shtil-2.1 is an improved version of the Shtil-1 where the payload is accommodated inside a fairing on top of the third stage
• The Shtil-2.1 is fully developed and hardware has been built and tested
Launch VehicleS
hti
l-2.
1
Sh
til-
1
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics16 www.QB50.eu
QB50 – Launching & Deployment
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics17 www.QB50.eu
QB50 – Launching & Deployment
Shtil - 2.1
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics18 www.QB50.eu
QB50 – Launching & Deployment
Shtil - 2.1
QB502014
Precursor flight2013
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics19 www.QB50.eu
Study of platforms and deployers for CubeSats on SHTIL
SHTIL
CubSat containers
Optional :Solar Sail protective capsule
Launcher telemetry
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics20 www.QB50.eu
Accommodation on Shtil 2.1
20
(may not be to scale)
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics21 www.QB50.eu
QB50 – CubeSat Accommodation
Shtil - 2.1
Lower bay and 3rd stage engine
Batt
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics22 www.QB50.eu
A modular deployment system for double and triple CubeSats
Gossamer-1 Solar Sail demonstration package
InflateSail demonstration mission
Other In-Orbit Demos:
- End of life analysis, Debris
- Formation flight
- Micro-propulsion systems
- Micro-g experiment
In-Orbit Technology Demonstration
De-orbiting and debris mitigation by electrodynamic tether
VKI’s Re-Entry CubeSat
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics23 www.QB50.eu
Inflate-Sail for testing a solar sail with inflatable booms
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics24 www.QB50.eu
Gossamer-1 ProjectSolar Sail Deployment Demonstration
sail and boom compartment
Solar sail attached to 3rd stage
• During the launch, the sail is stowed in a container (45 x 45 x 40 cm3
, 15 kg).
• It remains attached to the third stage (to the deployment system) and uses the battery on board.
•The solar sail is deployed after all the CubeSats
•It brings down the Shtil 2.1 3rd stage in 15 days, thereby demonstrating rapid de-orbiting
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics25 www.QB50.eu
VKI Re-EntSat – Concept
•Light ablative material as thermal shield
•Temperature & Pressure measurements on the thermal shield
•Skin friction measurements on the side
Atmospheric Re-Entry Flight Data
Flight data for Debris/Disintegration Tool (RAMSES) Validation
Re-EntSat to survive until ~70 km altitude
De-orbiting techniques using aerodynamic means
Temperature field and heat flux estimations
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics26 www.QB50.eu
Formation Flying CubeSatsDelFFI Project: with triple CubeSats “Delta” and “Phi”
• Delft University of Technology intends to provide two triple-unit Cubesats, both being equipped with a highly miniaturized propulsion system in addition to the standard science payload.
•This allows for a coordinated formation flying of these two satellites using baselines, which can be realized, maintained and adjusted during the mission based on scientific and technological needs.
• The position of the satellite will be determined by GPS. The inter-satellite communication will be realized by ground stations
•Therefore, formation flight will be possible at any distance
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics27 www.QB50.eu
Call for CubeSat Proposals• The Call for Proposals will be issued on the QB50 web site on
1 December 2011
• Deadline for submission of proposals to VKI15 January 2011
• Proposal evaluation and clarification period15 Jan – 20 Feb 2012
• Page limit: 15 pages- incl. figures, tables, references- excl. cover page, Table of Contents
• Annexes for- Cost section (detailed and realistic cost breakdown- CubeSat management (organigramme, key personnel)
• Availability of a ground station is an advantage but not a necessary condition for selection
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics28 www.QB50.eu
QB50 NEWSLETTER• The QB50 Newsletter No.2 (mid September) will have articles on
- Status of the QB50 project
- Second QB50 Workshop
- 4th European CubeSat Symposium
- Call for CubeSat Proposals for QB50
- Sensor selection
- Ground station network
- Frequency allocation
- Deployment system
- Gossamer-1
- A few articles on special double and triple CubeSats on QB50 for science and technology demonstration
If you wish to publish a short article (5-20 lines) in the QB50 Newsletter contact the Editor
Cem O. Asma, [email protected]
also if you wish to subscribe or unsubscribe to the Newsletter
FP7QB50
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics29 www.QB50.eu
Important Dates:
30 Oct 2011:Deadline for the submission of abstracts
15 Nov 2011:Notification of acceptance
15 Dec 2011:Publication of the programme and the abstracts
15 Jan 2012: Deadline for online registration
30 Jan-1 Feb 2012: CubeSat Symposium
Registration fee: 100 €
(this includes 3 lunches and all coffee breaks)
www.vki.ac.be/CubeSatSymposiumwww.vki.ac.be/CubeSatSymposium
CUBESAT SYMPOSIUM