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1 Teaching notes Key question / task Describe the single transformation that maps triangle A onto each of the triangles B to J in turn. Resources: Question sheet, including tables; Tracing paper if needed. Reasoning: questions to discuss and explore What is the least information needed to define each type of transformation (translation, reflection, rotation, enlargement)? What type of transformation leaves a shape unchanged? (Identity) What type of enlargement leaves a shape unchanged? Is it possible to define a reflection that leaves a shape unchanged? In what way does the description of the original transformation change for the inverse of translation, reflection, rotation or enlargement? Consolidation Discuss the difference between translation, reflection, rotation and enlargement by comparing the image with the original shape; Find the equations of horizontal and vertical lines, e.g. y = 3, x = 4; Recognise lines with the formula y = x or y =x. Possible extensions Discuss the effects of an enlargement with a negative scale factor; Discuss the possibility of combining 2 (or more) transformations to create the same effect as one single transformation, e.g. reflection in the line y = x then rotation through 180° around (0, 0) corresponds to a single reflection in the line y =x. Stimulus question 38 Transformations

Q38 Transformations Notes - Cloud Object Storage | Store … · 2015-07-15 · 3 $ GCSESubjectContent:Notethat)underlinedtype)indicatesIntermediate)level)and)boldtype)indicatesHigherlevel)

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Teaching  notes  Key  question  /  task  

Describe  the  single  transformation  that  maps  triangle  A  onto  each  of  the  triangles  B  to  J  in  turn.    

   

Resources:    • Question  sheet,  including  tables;  • Tracing  paper  if  needed.  

Reasoning:  questions  to  discuss  and  explore  • What  is  the  least  information  needed  to  define  each  type  of  

transformation  (translation,  reflection,  rotation,  enlargement)?  • What  type  of  transformation  leaves  a  shape  unchanged?  (Identity)  • What  type  of  enlargement  leaves  a  shape  unchanged?  • Is  it  possible  to  define  a  reflection  that  leaves  a  shape  unchanged?  • In  what  way  does  the  description  of  the  original  transformation  

change  for  the  inverse  of  translation,  reflection,  rotation  or  enlargement?  

Consolidation  • Discuss  the  difference  between  translation,  reflection,  rotation  and  

enlargement  by  comparing  the  image  with  the  original  shape;  • Find  the  equations  of  horizontal  and  vertical  lines,  e.g.  y  =  3,  x  =  -­‐4;  • Recognise  lines  with  the  formula  y  =  x  or  y  =  -­‐x.  

Possible  extensions  • Discuss  the  effects  of  an  enlargement  with  a  negative  scale  factor;  • Discuss  the  possibility  of  combining  2  (or  more)  transformations  

to  create  the  same  effect  as  one  single  transformation,  e.g.  reflection  in  the  line  y  =  x  then  rotation  through  180°  around  (0,  0)  corresponds  to  a  single  reflection  in  the  line  y  =  -­‐x.  

Stimulus  question  38  Transformations

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 Commentary  /  notes:  Here  we  have  a  choice  of  2  activities:  

• Describing  the  9  transformations  in  full;  • Describing  the  9  transformations  and  also  describing  the  inverse  transformation  fully  for  each.  

Learners  should  be  very  familiar  with  implementing  transformations  (given  the  original  shape  and  a  description  of  the  transformation),  but  they  often  lack  confidence  in  defining  transformations  from  one  shape  to  another  (given  the  original  shape  and  its  image).      Encourage  learners  to  use  appropriate  vocabulary.  Key  vocabulary:  (0,  0)  is  the  origin;  a  transformation  maps  a  shape  onto  another;  the  new  shape  is  called  the  image.  Discuss  which  information  is  necessary  in  order  to  define  a  translation,  reflection,  rotation  or  enlargement,  i.e.    

• For  a  translation,  use  vector  notation  to  indicate  the  horizontal  and  vertical  distances  moved;  • For  a  reflection,  the  mirror  line  must  be  shown  (be  this  a  straight  line  equation  or  one  of  the  axes);  • For  a  rotation,  give  (the  co-­‐ordinates  of)  the  centre  of  rotation,  angle  and  direction  (clockwise  or  anticlockwise)  –  note  that  there  

is  no  need  to  give  the  direction  for  a  rotation  through  180°  (or  0°  or  360°),  • For  an  enlargement,  give  the  scale  factor  and  the  centre  of  enlargement  (unless  the  position  of  the  image  is  unimportant,  in  which  

case  the  scale  factor  will  be  sufficient).  Often,  more  than  one  correct  answer  will  be  possible,  e.g.  a  clockwise  rotation  through  90°  is  the  same  as  an  anticlockwise  rotation  through  270°.    

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 GCSE  Subject  Content:  Note  that  underlined  type  indicates  Intermediate  level  and  bold  type  indicates  Higher  level  

Foundation   Intermediate   Higher  Transformations,  including:  

• Reflection  • Rotation  through  90°,  180°,  270°.  Clockwise  and  anticlockwise  rotations;  centre  of  rotation  

• Enlargements  with  positive,  fractional  and  negative  scale  factors  • Translation;  description  of  translations  using  column  vectors  

 Learner  Outcomes  and  Assessment  (to  aid  comment-­‐only  marking)  Reasoning  strand  –    Learners  are  able  to:  

Assessment  guidance  –    Can  learners:  

• Select  appropriate  mathematics  and  techniques  to  use;  • Explain  results  and  procedures  precisely  using  

appropriate  mathematical  language;  • Note  what  further  information  is  needed  and  choose  

which  information  is  most  appropriate.  

• Recognise  a  translation?  • Describe  a  translation  accurately?  • Recognise  a  reflection?  • Describe  a  reflection  accurately?  • Recognise  a  rotation?  • Describe  a  rotation  accurately?  • Recognise  an  enlargement?  • Describe  an  enlargement  accurately  

Number  strand  –    Learners  are  able  to:  

• Describe  translation  and  use  vectors;  • Describe  reflection  in  horizontal  and  vertical  lines;  • Describe  rotations  and  discover  the  centre  of  rotation;  • Discover  the  centre  of  an  enlargement;  describe  an  

enlargement.