Q1. This is a schematic diagram of a typical ( ) cell. prokaryotic; eukaryotic

Q2. Please name the compositions and their functions of this cell

Pili protein synthesis Flagella lipid bilayer Ribosomes single and circular chromosomePlasma membrane cell movement Nucleoid prevent cell lysis in low osmolar environmentsCell wall allow the cell to attach to other cells and surface

(1)(2)

(3)(4)

(5)

(6)

Q4. Name the organelles etc & their functions

• Nucleus• Nucleolus• Nuclear pore• Mitochondrion• Rough endoplasmic reticul

um• Microbodies• Cytoskeletal fibersa) DNA replicationb) RNA transcriptionc) Ribosomal assemblyd) Protein synthesise) Passage of moderately large

molecules including RNA and proteins

f) Macromolecule degradation, destroys H2O2.

g) Cellular respiration, ATP production

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

Q3. This is a diagram of a typical ( ) cell. prokaryotic; eukaryotic

Q5. Are Archaea ( ) differ from EubacteriaStructurally, Biochemically

Q6. a) Which of the following molecules are polysaccharides b) Which of them are lipidsglycerides, glycogen, cellulose, starch, sphingolipids, ceramide

Q7. Complex macromolecules contain more than one major classes of large molecules, which can greatly increase the functionality or structural capability

of the complex. Please give one example of such macromolecules and state the function of each component.

Q8. Noncovalent interactions play important roles in macromolecule assem

bly. Please give two examples of noncovalent interactions.

Q1: Please name the following amino acids (three letter name, for example: Ala for alanine).Q2: Which of them are hydrophobic AA, and which are hydrophilic?

Q3: Write down the dipeptide that can be formed with these two AA, and indicate (1) the N-terminus and C-terminus, (2) which atom of the dipeptide can form hydrogen bond with any other dipeptide.

Q4: (1) Do amino acids in -helix or -sheet form hydrogen bonds among the same polypeptide chain? (2) Do side chains of the amino acids contribute to the formation of the hydrogen bonds?

Q5: please indicate the -helix, -sheet and connecting loop in this figure representing the tertiary structure of a protein

A

B

C

Q6: please list at least three important biological functions of proteins in cell.

Q7: Which of the following techniques are for protein purification,Which for primary structure determination, which for 3-D structure determination? What principal properties of the proteins are used for those techniques of protein purification?

1. Gel filtration chromotography2. X-ray crystallography3. Edman degradation4. Electrophorysis5. NMR

Q1: Please write down the corresponding names (English only) of the following bases, and indicate (1) those can base pair, (2) the hydrogen bond donor atom and receptor atom, (3) the atom that is linked to ribose to form the glycosidic bond of the ribonucleoside or ribonucleotides.

A

B (R=H)C (R=CH3)

E

D

Q2: Which of them can only been found in RNA? Which are in both DNA and RNA

Q3: please write down the full name of ATP, dGTP.Q4: please indicate the atoms of the following ribonucleotide that may form phosphate ester bond with any adjacent ribonucleotides.

Q5: Compared to the double helical structure of DNA, RNA structure is more flexible and globular. Please briefly describe the relationship of the features of DNA/RNA structure and their functions (English is highly recommended). Q6: Do DNA and RNA denature at higher pH in the same way? Why? (English is highly recommended).

Q7: Which of the following noncovalent interactions contributes to the stability of nucleic acids? A. Hydrogen bonding; B. hydrophobic interaction.

Q8: How could you quantitate nucleic acids?

Q1. Prokaryotic cell E. coli consists of a single closed-circular DNA molecule of 4.6 x 106 bp long. This DNA molecule would be 1.6 mm if the double helix is relaxed. Please describe what strategies does E. coli use to pack such a long molecules into its nucleoid less than a micrometer (m) in diameter. (20 points)

Q2. Please list at least two different types of proteins included in E. coli nucleoid, and describe the biological function of these proteins. (10points)

Q3. Chromatin is the highly ordered DNA-protein complex which makes up the eukayotic chromosomes. >50% of the mass is protein

Q4. Nucleosome is the basic unit of chromatin structure, please describe

(1) the structure/composition of nucleosome(2) the enzyme and experiment that were used in the 1970s to

uncover such a fact. (20 points)

Q5. (1) Is all DNA sequence in euchromatin transcriptionally active?(2) which enzyme can be used to determine the transcriptionally active DNA regions, and how?(3) By what means does the cell maintain the transcriptioanlly active DNA regions be free of extensive chromosomal packing. (20 points)

Q6: please match the names describing the structure of a mitotic chromosome (write down the name please) (10 points)

A B

C

DE

• Centromere• Telomere• Kinetochore• Microtubles• chromatid

1. What is replicon? How many origins and termini shall a replicon contain? (20 points)

2. Why replication is semi-conservative? What is semi-conservative replication? (20 points)

3. Please describe the whole molecular process of bacterial DNA replication, including the featured steps and enzymes involved. (30 points)

3. Please list at least three main difference between bacterial DNA replication and eukaryotic DNA replication. (30 points)

Quiz for Section E English answer only ( 必须英语答卷）

1. Please define the term “mutation”, and list the major types of DNA mutations and their corresponding phenotypic effects. (20 points)

2. Please define the term “DNA lesion”. Please list the three types of DNA lesions and the chemical or physical mutagens cause these lesions. (20 points)

3. Will all the DNA lesions result in mutations? Why and How? (30 points)

4. What are the three main DNA recombination technologies that the cells can apply to change their genetic materials? Please describe the main differences among them? Which DNA recombination pathway is involved in post-replication DNA repair ? (30 points)

Quiz for Section F (25 minutes) English answer only

1. What is “DNA cloning”? how could you make a genomic library cloning? (30 points)

2. What is “subcloning”? What are the purposes of subcloning. (15 points)

3. Please describe all the steps when you do a mini-prepararation of plasmid DNA using alkaline lysis method. Please indicate the roles of each component in lysis solution and neutralization solution. (30 points)

4. Why do you add ethidium bromide when you use CsCl density gradient centrifugation to purify your supercoiled plasmid DNA? (10 points)

5. Why do you need to use alkaline phosphatase to treat your restricted DNA fragment when you do cloning and subcloning? (15 points)

Quiz for Section G (25 minutes) English answer only

Quiz: Section H, I and J, 30 min, English answer only

1. What are the essential elements that a cloning vector should have? how about the expression vectors and the integration vectors? What is a shuttle vector and please describe its importance? (35)

2. How could you generate a genomic library and cDNA library for a given type of human cells ? Will you choose the same vector for these two different libraries? (35)

3. If you have purified a protein factor interacting with DNA Pol in the same type of human cell as in “2”, but you do not know any thing else about the new protein. Then you have the purified protein sequenced from its 5’ end, and get a polypeptide sequence containing 7 amino acids. What are you going to do to identify the clone encoding the new protein from the cDNA library that you constructed in “2”? Then what are you going to do to analyze the identified clone? (35)

Quiz: Section K, L, M and N, 40 min, English answer only

1. Please list the important cis-acting elements and transacting enzymes/factors in prokaryotic transcription including initiation, elongation and termination, and briefly describe their corresponding roles (35 point)

2. Please briefly describe how E. coli regulates the LacZYA RNA synthesis in order to uses lactose as carbon source when there is no glucose present. (20 points)

3. What are the corresponding genes transcribed by three different RNA polymerases in eukaryotes? Are these RNA Pol more complex than prokaryotic RNA pol? Why (10 points) .

4. It is known that HIV uses RNA Polymerase II in mammalian cells to synthesize the viral RNA. Please describe (1) RNA Polymerase II catalyzed transcription initiation; (2) how HIV transcribes full length viral RNA by interaction with this process. (30 points)

5. Regulation of transcription in eukaryotes is largely achieved by the domain structure of transcription factors. Please describe four major domain structures and how they contribute to transcription regulation (20 points).