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QR code

QR code(abbreviated from Quick ResponseCode) is the trademark for a type of matrixbarcode(or two-dimensional barcode) firstdesigned for the automotive industry in Japan. Abarcode is a machine-readable optical label thatcontains information about the item to which it is

attached. A Q code uses four standardi!edencoding modes (numeric" alphanumeric" byte #binary" and kan$i) to efficiently store data%extensions may also be used.

&he Q 'ode system became popular outside theautomotive industry due to its fast readability andgreater storage capacity compared tostandard ' barcodes. Applications includeproduct tracking" item identification" time tracking"document management" and general marketing.

A Q code consists of black modules (s*uaredots) arranged in a s*uare grid on a whitebackground" which can be read by an imagingdevice (such as a camera) and processedusing eed+,olomonerror correction until theimage can be appropriately interpreted. &here*uired data are then extracted from patternspresent in both hori!ontal and vertical components

of the image.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_barcodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_barcodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanjihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Product_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed%E2%80%93Solomonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanjihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Product_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed%E2%80%93Solomonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_barcodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_barcode

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History

&he Q code system was invented in /by 0enso1ave. 2ts purpose was to track vehiclesduring manufacture% it was designed to allow high-speed component scanning.Although initially usedfor tracking parts in vehicle manufacturing" Qcodes now are used in a much broader context"

including both commercial tracking applicationsand convenience-oriented applications aimed atmobile-phone users (termed mobile tagging). Qcodes may be used to display text to the user" toadd a v'ard contact to the user3s device" to opena niform esource 2dentifier(2)" or to

compose an e-mail or text message. sers cangenerate and print their own Q codes for othersto scan and use by visiting one of several paid andfree Q code generating sites or apps. &hetechnology has since become one of the most-used types of two-dimensional barcode.

Uses

4riginally designed for industrial uses" Q codeshave become common in consumer advertising.

&ypically" a smartphoneis used as a Q codescanner" displaying the code and converting it to

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some useful form (such as a standard 5for awebsite" thereby obviating the need for a user totype it into a web browser). &he Q code hasbecome a focus of advertisingstrategy" since it

provides a way to access a brand3s website more*uickly than by manually entering a 5. 6eyondmere convenience to the consumer" theimportance of this capability is that it increasesthe conversion rate(the chance that contact withthe advertisement will convert to a sale)" bycoaxing interested prospects further downthe conversion funnelwith little delay or effort"bringing the viewer to the advertiser3s websiteimmediately" where a longer and more targetedsales pitch may lose the viewer3s interest.

7obile operating systems

Q codes can be used on various mobile deviceoperating systems. &hese devices support 5redirection" which allows Q codes tosend metadatato existing applications on thedevice. 7any paid or free apps are available withthe ability to scan the codes and hard-link to anexternal 5.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_funnelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL_redirectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL_redirectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metadatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_funnelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL_redirectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL_redirectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metadata

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5s

5s aided marketing conversion rateseven inthe pre-smartphone era" but during those yearsfaced several limitations8 ad viewers usually had totype the 5 and often did not have a webbrowser in front of them when they first viewed thead. &he chances were high that they would forgetto visit the site later" not bother to type a 5" or

forget what 5 to type. ,emantic5sdecreased these risks but did not eliminatethem. ,ome of these disadvantages to 5conversion rates are fading away now thatsmartphones are putting web access and voicerecognition in constant reach. &hus an advert

viewer need only reach for his or her phone andspeak the 5" at the moment of ad contact"rather than remember to type it into a ' later.

9irtual stores

0uring the month of June :;" according to onestudy" / million mobile users scanned a Q codeor a barcode. ,ome of those users scanned a

Q or barcode from their homes" while ?>

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_URLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_URL

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scanned from retail stores% of the / millionusers were men between the ages of = and?/. &he use of Q codes for @virtual store@ formatsstarted in ,outh orea" and Argentina"but is

currently expanding globally. 1almart" rocter BCamble and 1oolworths have already adopted the9irtual ,tore concept.

'ode payments

Q codes can be used to store bank accountinformation or credit card information" or they canbe specifically designed to work with particularpayment provider applications. &here are severaltrial applications of Q code payments across theworld.

2n Dovember :;:" Q code payments weredeployed on a larger scale in the '!echepublicwhen an open format for payment

information exchange - a ,hort ayment0escriptor- was introduced and endorsed by the'!ech 6anking Association as the official localsolution for Q payments.

Q codes are commonly used in the field ofcryptographic currencies" particularly those based

off and including 6itcoin. ayment addresses"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Payment_Descriptorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Payment_Descriptorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Payment_Descriptorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Payment_Descriptorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin

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cryptographic keys and transaction information areoften shared between digital wallets in this way.

1ebsite login

Q codes can be used to log in into websites8 aQ 'ode is shown on the login page on acomputer screen" and when a registered userscans it with a verified smartphone" they will

automatically be logged in on the computer.Authentication is performed by the smartphonewhich contacts the server. Coogle tested such alogin method in January :;:.

Encryption

Japanese visa with a Q code (content is notdeciphered)

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Encrypted Q codes" which are not very common"have a few implementations. AnAndroidapp"forexample" manages encryption and decryption ofQ codes using the 0E, algorithm(

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input character set)" version (" G" /;" indicatingthe overall dimensions of the symbol)" and errorcorrectionlevel. &he maximum storage capacitiesoccur for /;-5 symbols (version /;" error

correction level 5.

Here are some sample Q code symbols8

9ersion : (:

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9ersion ? (:I:). 'ontent8 @9ersion ? Q 'ode@

9ersion / (??I??). 'ontent8 @9ersion / Q 'ode" up to

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9ersion :< (I enlarged to F/;xF/;)

9ersion /; (I). 'ontent8 ":F/ characters of ordinary#A,'22 text8 A description of Q codes

taken from anearly versionof this 1ikipedia article

Print size

A printing company recommends a minimum si!efor a printed Q code module of ;.;? inches(;.F mm)" to ensure that the printed result islegible for scanners. 2n addition" by standard

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practice" a minimum of four modules width shouldbe left blank around the code.

&his recommendation corresponds to a 9ersion /code with ?? modules per side printed no smallerthan @ s*uare (:< mm)" not including the re*uiredmargin.