1. What are the three types of radiation?

2. Draw the nuclear symbol for bromine-80 with a negative one charge.

Day 5 11-18

What does the inside of an atom look like and how do we know?

Day 5 11-18

Day 5 11-18-11

Atomic number = protons = electrons (neutral atom)

Mass # = Atomic # + neutrons

Parts of Atoms, Isotopes, and Ions

• Ions

–________ atoms that have gained or lost ________

–Examples

• Iron loses 2 electrons

•Chlorine gains 1 electron

ChargedChargedelectronselectrons

FeFe +2 +2

ClCl -1 -1

Parts of Atoms, Isotopes, and Ions

Fundamental parts of atoms

COMPONENTCHARGE

APPROXIMATE MASS (in amu)

LOCATION IN ATOM

electrelectronon

- 1- 1 0.000550.00055

shellshellss

protonproton + 1+ 1 1.0 1.0 nucleusnucleus

neutronneutron 00 1.000551.00055 nucleusnucleus

Parts of Atoms, Isotopes, + Ions

–Individual _____ of any element

–Represented with a _______ symbol

XXAA

ZZ

CC

atomatomnuclearnuclear

element symbolelement symbolmass numbermass number

atomic numberatomic number

•X = _______ _______

•A = ____ _______

•Z = ______ _______

Parts of Atoms, Isotopes, and Ions

•X = _______ _______

•A = ____ _______

•Z = ______ _______

= ______ _______

•C = ______ __ __ ___

•# neutrons = ___ - ___

•# electrons = ___ - ___

XXAA

ZZ

CCelement symbolelement symbolmass numbermass number

atomic numberatomic numberprotons protons numbernumber

charge as an ioncharge as an ionAA ZZ

ZZ CC

Parts of Atoms, Isotopes, and Ions

XX1919 1-1-Mass number?Mass number?

Atomic number?Atomic number?

# of neutrons?# of neutrons?

Element?Element?

Charge?Charge?

# of electrons?# of electrons?

99

• Nuclear Reactions

–What forces act in the atom?

•______ _______ force holds _______ together

•_____ _______ force causes ___________

–Natural radioactivity, radioactive decay, or nuclear disintegration is the ___________ …

Strong Strong nuclearnuclearprotonsprotons

Weak nuclearWeak nuclearradioactivityradioactivity

spontaneousspontaneous

Particles of Radioacty. + Nuc. Rxns.

• Nuclear Reactions

–Natural radioactivity, radioactive decay, or nuclear disintegration is the ___________ … ________ of ________ from an element due to instability of the _______.

spontaneousspontaneousradiationradiation

nucleusnucleus

emissionemission

Particles of Radioacty. + Nuc. Rxns.

• Nuclear Reactions

–Problems in nuclear stability occur when there are too few or too many ________.

–All elements with an atomic number greater than ___ are radioactive.

neutronsneutrons

8383

Particles of Radioacty. + Nuc. Rxns.

Day 5 11-18-11

Day 5 11-18-11

Atom

Mass number

Alpha

Ion

Electron cloud

Quark

Isotope

Beta

Atomic number

Energy level

Empty space

Gold Foil Experiment

Positron

Planetary model

Cathode Ray

Neutron

J.J. Thomson

Marie Curie

Nuclear Force

Proton

Chadwick

Nucleon

Plum pudding model

Law of Definite Proportions

1. Fill in the missing nuclear symbol and answer the following questions.

- what type of radiation is being produced in this reaction?

- what type of charge does this radiation particle carry?

- How does this type of radiation compare to the other two major types?

2392399292U U

2392399393Np + _____Np + _____

11-24

1. Explain how beta radiation (which is high speed electrons) can be emitted from the nucleus (electrons aren’t in the nucleus?)?

2. What alpha-emitting element is used to produce actinium-227?

• Notebooks

• Timelines

• Test

• M.P. Grades

1. Explain the parts of the model and specifically what each part represents.

2. Explain how or why the model was developed.

3. Explain what it represents well (its strengths as a model).

4. Explain some of its limitations (its weaknesses).

1. Explain the parts of the model and specifically what each part represents.

2. Explain how or why the model was developed.

3. Explain what it represents well (its strengths as a model).

4. Explain some of its limitations (its weaknesses).

1. Explain the parts of the model and specifically what each part represents.

2. Explain how or why the model was developed.

3. Explain what it represents well (its strengths as a model).

4. Explain some of its limitations (its weaknesses).

Q U I C K T A L KThomson

Atom

Proton

Electron cloud

Law of Definite Proportions

Bohr

Dalton

Plum Pudding model

Neutron

Alchemists

Mendeleev

We have Atoms! - 1850’s Cathode Ray Tubes

Parts of Atoms, Isotopes, and Ions

XX4242 2+2+Mass number?Mass number?

Atomic number?Atomic number?

# of neutrons?# of neutrons?

Element?Element?

Charge?Charge?

# of electrons?# of electrons?

2020

11-16

1. Thomson’s model of the atom was the first to show _________.

2. One thing that Thomson’s model showed incorrectly or not at all?

1. Rutherford and Soddy showed that radioactivity produces new ________________.

2. What information can you obtain from a nuclear symbol?

11-19

What is the last thing you have in your notes?

1. Draw a nuclear symbol for an element with 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 18 electrons

a. What element is it?

b. What is the atomic #?

c. What is the mass #?

d. What is the charge?

11-20

Particles of Radioacty. + Nuc. Rxns.Particles of Radioactivity

TYPESYMBOL

CHARGE ALIASPENING. ABILITY

alpha

beta

gamma

44HeHe22

++22

heliumheliumnucleusnucleus

low: low: stopped stopped by paperby paper

00ee-- 11

- 1- 1 electronelectronmedium: medium: stopped stopped by clothesby clothes

00 lightlightenergyenergy

high: high: stopped stopped by thick by thick lead and lead and concreteconcrete

Particles of Radioactivity

TYPESYMBOL

CHARGE

ALIASPENING. ABILITY

positron

proton

neutron

00ee+ 1+ 1 + + 11

positivepositivebetabeta

shortshort--livedlived

11HH11 + 1+ 1 hydrogenhydrogen

nucleusnucleus

11nn00 00

Particles of Radioacty. + Nuc. Rxns.

• Nuclear Reactions

–The beta () particle has a ________ charge. How can it be released from the nucleus?

negativenegative

A neutron splits into a proton and an elec.!A neutron splits into a proton and an elec.!11n → n → 11pp++ + + 00e e –– 00 11 - 1- 1

Particles of Radioacty. + Nuc. Rxns.