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PVDT
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Production Logging.. Why ?With PL sensors, we getdowhole profile (zonal contribution)downhole ratesdownhole fluid properties (hold-up, densities, etc)
How do we convert to surface rates ?Fluid conversions using PVT properties
PVT properties Liquid PhasePressureVolumeP-V Phase Diagram of Single Componenthydrocarbon at constant temperatureLiquidPressure initially drops quickly due to lowcompressibility of the LIQUID
PVT properties - Bubble Point PressureP-V Phase Diagram of Single Componenthydrocarbon at constant temperatureAt bubble point pressure pressure is constant while the phase changes to GAS
PVT properties - Dew PointP-V Phase Diagram of Single Componenthydrocarbon at constant temperatureFor a single component fluid the Bubble Pointand Dew Point pressures are the same
PVT propertiesP-V Phase Diagram of Single Componenthydrocarbon at constant temperaturePressure drop is slower due to the higher gascompressibility
PVT propertiesThe Critical point is where the Bubble and Dew points are the sameThe liquid changes instantaneously to gas
PVT properties
Fluid Conversions Surface?Downhole (Calculated)
Fluid mechanics
Flow structures
MapFloOilMixingLayerWaterll = constant for a given pipe deviationl = 0 for a horizontal pipel = infinity for a vertical pipe
Flow structures domains
Flow structures domains
Flow map - 45deg pipe
Flow map - 70deg pipe
Flow map - 85deg pipe