Puyallup Tribe Salmon Trout and Char Report 2008

Puyallup Tribal Fisheries July 2008

20072008 Annual Salmon, Steelhead,

And Bull Trout Report: Puyallup/White River Watershed

Water Resource Inventory Area 10


and Bull Trout Report: Puyallup/White River Watershed


Eric L. Marks Russell C. Ladley

Blake E. Smith Terry G. Sebastian

Fisheries Division

Puyallup Tribe of Indians 6824 Pioneer Way E.

Puyallup, Washington 98371

August 2007 June 2008

The following annual report is the culmination of nearly 12 months of extensive field work and research. Project funding was provided though the Pacific Coast Salmon Recover Fund (PCSRF), B.I.A 638, Pacific Salmon Treaty, Forest and Fish, TFW, Puyallup Tribal Funding, and the Puget Sound Energy Electron settlement fund. The Puyallup Tribe Fisheries Department would like to thank those individuals who have contributed to this season’s annual report and field studies. Marilu Koschak, Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission South Sound Biologist, for creating the watershed area and salmon distribution maps. Mike Scharpf, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, for conducting salmon and steelhead escapement surveys, and providing spawning data on key watershed drainages.

The updated written material and data contained in this report supersedes and replaces all previous annual reports. While the authors believe everything in this report is accurate, the reader should not presume and should confirm the information in this report from other sources.

Suggested citation format: Marks, E. L. et al. 2008. 20072008 Annual Salmon, Steelhead, and Bull Trout Report:

Puyallup/White River WatershedWater Resource Inventory Area 10. Puyallup Tribal Fisheries, Puyallup, WA.

Puyallup Tribe of Indians

For information about, or to obtain a copy of this report, please contact: Puyallup Tribal Fisheries

6824 Pioneer Way E. Puyallup, Washington 98371

2538459225


and Bull Trout Report: Puyallup/White River Watershed


WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITE RIVER WATERSHED

PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page I 20072008 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction…………………………………………………………………......……............................................ Puyallup, White and Carbon River Watershed Map................................................................................... Boise Creek…………………………………………………………………......………......................................... Buckley USACE Fish Trap (White River)...……………………………………….......…................................ Canyon Creek……………………..……………………………………………………..….................................... Canyon Falls Creek………….…………………………………………..…………....................………….…….. Carbon River……………………………………………………......……………….....................………….…….. Clarks Creek…………………………………………………………….…………......………….……….……….. Clarks Creek Salmon Hatchery: Puyallup Tribe of Indians Facility.......................................................... Clear Creek…………………………………………………………......…………….…..............…....................... Clearwater River……………………………………………………......……………..............…..…….………… Coal Mine Creek............................................................................................................................................ Deer Creek……………………………………………………………......………….............................................. Diru Creek Salmon Hatchery: Puyallup Tribe of Indians Facility............................................................. Discovery Creek……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Dollar Creek………………………………………..……..………......…….............………..…............................ Electron Diversion & Fish Bypass Facility (Puyallup River)…………….......................…..…………….... Fennel Creek (Kelly Creek)………………………………………………………………………..……………… Fiske Creek……………………………………………………………...............……......…......…........................ Fox Creek……………………………………………………….……................…......…………….……………… Fryingpan Creek............................................................................................................................................ Greenwater River……………………………………………………….............……........…….…….................... Huckleberry Creek…………………………………………………………....................…….…………………… Hylebos Creek……………………………………………………………......................……........…..................... Kapowsin Creek…………………………………………………………...................……………………....…….. Kellog Creek……………………………………………………………….............…………………………......….. Klickitat Creek………………………………………………………..............……………......………………..…. LeDout Creek………………………………………………………….............…………...........................…..…... Mowich River………………………………………..………………….............………..........................….......…. Niesson Creek……………………………………………………….............……….................................……..... No Name Creek.............................................................................................................................................. Ohop Creek…………………………………………………………….............…..…............................………..... Puyallup River………………………………………………................…….........……………………………....... Puyallup River Juvenile Salmonid Production Assessment Project (Smolt Trap)..................................... Rody Creek…………………………………………………………........………...…....................................…..… Rushingwater Creek…………………….....…………………………….…..............………………….............… Salmon Creek (Strawberry Creek)……………...……………………………......................................…..….... Salmon Tributary……………………………………………………….............…............................................... Silver Creek........................................................................................................................................... Silver Springs Creek……………………………………………...………...............................…........…..... South Prairie Creek....……………………..……………………….…….…….......................……………

IIIXXXII XXXIII 16 710 1112 1316 1720 2124 2527 2830 3135 3637 3839 4045 4647 4849 5051 5257 5859 6062 6364 6567 6870 7172 7376 7778 7981 8283 8485 8687 8890 9192 9394 9596 9798 99100 101104 105106 107 108109 110113


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TABLE OF CONTENTS Squally Creek…...…………………………..………………..……………….........…..............................…. Swan Creek…………………………………..……………………….……....................…………….......….. Voight Creek………………………………..………………………………….........………….....………....... White River (Stuck)………………………………..……………...…………………...........…......….......…. Wilkeson Creek…………………………..……………………………....…….........................……..............

Appendix A: Watershed Escapement: Seasonal Comparisons of Spawning Ground Counts and Buckley Trap Escapements for Adult Salmon and Steelhead. Chinook/Coho................................................................................................................. Chum/Steelhead............................................................................................................. Pink..................................................................................................................................

Appendix B: Salmon Distribution and Spawning Utilization (Maps). Chinook............................................................................................................................. Coho................................................................................................................................ Chum............................................................................................................................... Pink................................................................................................................................. Steelhead.........................................................................................................................

Appendix C: Chinook and Steelhead Redd Locations (GPS Maps). Chinook Redds............................................................................................................... Bull Trout Redds............................................................................................................

Appendix D: 20072008 Salmon, Steelhead, and Bull Trout Spawning Data. Chinook............................................................................................................................ Bull Trout.......................................................................................................................... Coho................................................................................................................................... Pink.................................................................................................................................. Chum……....................................................................................................................... Steelhead……………………………………………………………………………………....

Appendix E: Buckley Trap: 20072008 Salmon and Steelhead Transported Above Mud Mountain Dam. Chinook........................................................................................................................... Coho.................................................................................................................................. Pink................................................................................................................................ Steelhead………………………………………………………………………………………

Appendix G: Escapement Estimates for Chinook, Coho, Pink and Chum Salmon...........................

Appendix F: 20072008 Adult and Juvenile Fish Releases……………………………………………..

114 115117 118129 120122 123126

128 129 130

132 133 134 135 136

138143 144148

148152 153154 155159 160162 163166 165170

172177 178181 182183 184186

188190

192


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INTRODUCTION

Rivers run through our history and folklore, and link us as a people. They nourish and refresh us and provide a home for dazzling varieties of fish and wildlife and trees and plants of every sort. We are a nation rich in rivers. Charles Kuralt

Puyallup/White River Watershed The Puyallup/White River watershed is identified as Watershed Resource Inventory Area 10 (WRIA 10) by the Washington State Department of Ecology. Hylebos and Wapato Creeks are part of WRIA 10, yet are independent drainages that flow directly into Commencement Bay. The Puyallup/White River watershed provides over 1,300 linear river miles (RM) of drainage over an area greater than 1,000 square miles. The three major river drainages include the Puyallup, White, and Carbon Rivers which flow almost entirely within Pierce County and part of South King County. All three river systems originate from glaciers along the north and west slopes of Mt. Rainier, located entirely within Mt. Rainier National Park. The Carbon and White Rivers converge with the Puyallup River at RM 17.8 and RM 10.4 respectively.

The White River is a significant tributary, with a drainage area nearly twice that of the Puyallup River. However, the White and Puyallup drainages are often viewed and managed as two distinct and separate entities. This management approach is due in part because prior to 1906, the White River did not flow into the Puyallup. Salo and Jagielo (1983) described that prior to 1906; the majority of the White River flowed north towards Elliot Bay. Yet, some of the water from the White often flowed south to the Puyallup through the Stuck River channel. In November of 1906, a flood event mobilized a tremendous amount of wood debris that blocked the north flowing channel in what is now downtown Auburn. The blockage forced the river to avulse and find a new channel. This newly created diversion sent nearly the entire White Riv er flow down through the Stuck River channel into the Puyallup; more than doubling the size of the Puyal lup River drainage. In 1915, a concrete structure was constructed, thereby permanently diverting the White River into the Puyallup.

The Puyallup River continues to flow west from its confluence with the White until it reaches Commence ment Bay in Tacoma. An extensive system of levees, approximately 90 miles, was constructed along the Puyallup, White and Carbon Rivers beginning in the early through mid 20th century. There are a signifi cant number of large tributaries that feed these mainstem rivers including the Clearwater River, Greenwa ter River, Mowich River, as well as, Huckleberry and South Prairie Creeks.

The mean annual flow of the Puyallup River over the first 86 year gauged history was 2,922 cfs. The larg est flood of record was 57,000 cfs and occurred in December 1933. Most of the large flood events have oc curred in the months of November and December in response to heavy rains on a substantial snow pack. The minimum low flow defined as the 90%exceedance level for the Puyallup was 1,156 cfs. Over the past 20 years there has been a trend of decreasing low flows (Sumioka 2004). The Puyallup River at Puyallup flow gage (#12101500) was activated in 1915 and is located at RM 6.6.

The systems glacial origin is responsible for the turbid conditions that are most noticeable during warmer weather in late spring and summer. The White, Carbon, and Puyallup Rivers carry a tremendous volume of bedload material which contributes to the dynamic nature of the system. The high sediment loads are


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responsible for the braided channel morphology characteristic of broad valley segments. This condition is most prevalent in the upper reaches within and immediately outside the National Park boundaries. Outside the Park boundaries, the rivers course through industrial forestlands including national forest but primarily private timber company ownership. Much of these forestlands have been harvested at least once and in many cases twice. Lands in timber production are densely roaded with some sections approaching six lineal miles per square mile. Roads have contributed to many of their trademark problems such as landslides, slope failures, altered hydrology, culvert and bridge projects that can effect upstream migration, and of course high levels of sedimentation within effected drainages.

Watershed Salmonids The Puyallup/White River watershed supports several species of salmonids including: chinook (Oncorhyn cus tshawytscha), coho (O. kitsutch), chum (O. keta), pink (O. gorbuscha), sockeye (O. nerka), steel head/rainbow trout (O. mykiss), cutthroat (O. clarki), native char (bull trout) (Salvelinus confluentus), and nonnative brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Chinook and bull trout were federally listed as “threatened” under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1998. In May of 2007, after a year of investigation, the Na tional Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) announced the listing of Puget Sound steelhead as “threatened” under ESA. The ESA listing of steelhead offers protection for naturally spawned steelhead; however, it does not offer protection for the rainbow trout, the fresh water resident form of the species.

The seven Pacific salmon species all employ unique lifehistory strategies. However, the five major species (chinook, coho, chum, pink, and sockeye) all share some common lifehistory characteristics. Pacific salmon are all anadromous; meaning, fish spawn and rear in fresh water, then migrate (smoltification) to marine waters where they will continue to forage and grow until they return to fresh water as adults to reproduce. Furthermore, these species will only reproduce once (semelparous) during their life cycle. This single re productive event requires tremendous amounts of energy and effort, as well as proper spawning site selec tion to be successful. Therefore, the end result of this reproductive strategy is that all five major species of salmon will die shortly after spawning. Nevertheless, this single reproductive strategy is very successful due to the considerable degree of energy being put into producing vast amounts of gametes (eggs and sperm), thus ensuring the survival of at least some offspring. Other salmonid species; including steelhead, cutthroat, and bull trout may possibly reproduce more than once (iteroparous) during their life cycles.

All female salmonids are oviparous (producing eggs that hatch outside the body), and during the act of spawning the male and female release gametes in a coordinated effort. Eggs released by the female drift to the bottom and are actively buried in the substrate creating an egg pocket. A redd is the excavated site formed in the substrate from multiple spawning events, which often contains several egg pockets. The rate of development and growth varies between species, and is greatly influenced by water temperature (Groot and Margolis 1991, Piper et al. 1986). As fish age, they lay down annual growth rings on their scales; these scales are often collected to determine age and important growth factors.

Spawning Site Selection Spawning site selection for salmonids is critical for offspring survival. Stream bed characteristics and wa ter properties are important factors in the survival and development of salmonids eggs and larvae. Some of the water properties influencing salmonid egg survival and development are temperature, dissolved oxy gen, and velocity (McNeil 1966; Leman 1993; Peterson and Quinn 1996). Substrate size and density are


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primary factors involved in the permeability of bottom materials (Wicket 1958; McNeil and Ahnell 1964; McNeil 1966). Temperature dictates the rate of development and metabolic level of salmonids from earliest development through adulthood. Adequate levels of dissolved oxygen must be present in the water to sup port energetic demands of growing embryos and fry. Dissolved oxygen levels vary with stream topography (Peterson and Quinn 1996), as well as temperature and depth (Leman 1993). Survival depends on oxyge nated water reaching the buried eggs and larvae within a redd. Sources of intergravel water include ground water and surface water (McNeil 1966).

Having established the fact that oxygenated water is important for survival and development; velocity of delivery is also important (Leman 1993). Salmon may be able to detect variation in water velocity more readily than substrate quality (Witzel and MacCrimmon 1983). The variations in velocity are often influ enced by different substrate types; salmonids may choose, indirectly, suitable substrate size for redd sites based on water velocity (Shirvell and Dungey 1983).

The rate of oxygen utilization varies with development (McNril 1966; Peterson and Quinn 1996). As meta bolic demands of developing salmon utilize the available oxygen; more must be supplied. The velocity (rate) at which oxygenated water can be delivered is largely governed by the general size and density of substrate materials. McNeil (1966) states:

“The permeability of bottom materials is a function of particle compaction, arrangement, and size.”

According to McNeil and Ahnell (1964) the velocity of intergravel water is related to the size of the bottom materials. Smaller materials (fines) decrease the velocity of water through redds. Wicket (1958) showed that the survival of pink and chum salmon eggs and larvae increased with the increased permeability of the stream bed. All of the previously discussed issues are important factors to consider when addressing glacially driven river systems like the Puyallup, White, and Carbon Rivers.

Spawning Behavior Aggression is an integral aspect of spawning behavior in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus) species (Chebanov et al. 1983; Keenley and Dupuis 1988; Quinn et al. 1996). Several factors influence the frequency and focus of male aggression including the operational sex ratio (OSR) (Quinn et al. 1996), size of the male (Cheba nov et al. 1983; Foote 1989; Keenleyside and Dupuis 1991), density of spawners (Chebanov 1991, 1994) and an individual’s status (Schroder 1973; Chebanov et al. 1983). The OSR represents the number of ripe (ready to reproduce) male to the number of ripe females. Variations in the OSR affect the frequency of ag gression in males; changes lead to an increase (low OSR) or decrease (high OSR) in aggressive behavior (Quinn et al. 1996). Aggression can be displayed in several forms (Mork 1995) including; charging, chasing, biting, fighting, as well as lateral and frontal displays. Mork (1995) reported that lateral movements, charging, chasing, and biting were often the preferred methods of aggression displayed by salmon under study. Aggression is not only focused towards the same species, but other species as well. The size of the male affects his position in the hierarchal structure and his success in spawning (Chebanov 1983; Foote 1989). Larger males are more successful at securing females and are therefore more often in the position of dominance. Females prefer to mate with larger males (Foote 1989) and may delay spawning if courted by small males. Holding a dominate position leads to increased encounters with other males who are trying to displace him, or attempting to mate with the female (Chebanov et al. 1983; Chebanov 1994). A change in the density of spawners leads to changes in the frequency of aggression. As the densities of


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spawning fish increases, so will the number of aggressive actions (Schroder 1973; Parenskiy 1990); this holds true for both male and females. Furthermore, at lower densities, aggressive actions decrease.

An individual’s status may also determine the frequency and focus of aggressive actions. Schroder (1973) describes how dominate or “Alpha” males take up positions just behind the females and shift from side to side defending their territory and females. Satellite males line up behind the dominate male. These sub dominate males defend their positions in the chain. The natural drive to mate with females often leads to aggressive interactions between males. The success of males also depends on the level of aggression di rected toward other males (Chebanov et al. 1983). Females compete with other females for nesting sites (Schroder 1973, 1981; Keenleyside and Dupuis 1988). Females attempt to defend their nests (redds) against other female’s attempts to overtake them, and guard sites to prevent superimposition (displacing or covering over) of their eggs (Schroder 1981; Keenleyside and Dupuis 1988). Females dig their nests and guard them until they die, or are displaced by another female (Schroder 1973)

Chinook Salmon (O. tshawytscha) Puget Sound chinook stocks were listed on the federal register of endangered species in 1999, and are cur rently designated as “threatened.” Two distinct stocks of chinook are present in the Puyallup/White River system. They include the White River spring chinook (springer or springrun) and Puyallup River fall chi nook (fall or fallrun). White River spring chinook are the only spring chinook stock existing in the Puget Sound region and are unique due to their genetic and lifehistory traits (WDFW et al. 1996). This unique stock of chinook was classified as distinct in the 1992 Washington State Salmon and Steelhead Inventory (WDFW et al. 1993). Microsatellite DNA analysis of chinook in the White River shows a distinct mixture of spring and fallrun chinook stocks (Shaklee and Young 2003, Ford et al. 2004). Ford et al. reported that approximately 60% of chinook smolts sampled above the Buckley diversion dam at RM 24.3 were spring run, and 40% were fallrun. While smolts sampled below the dam were approximately 42% springers and 58% falls.

Spring chinook enter the freshwater river system as early as May, and hold in the river until spawning commences in mid August. Adults generally return as threeto fouryearolds; however, the age of fish re turning to spawn can range between twotofive years. Mainstem spawning by spring chinook in the upper White River has been documented by PTF biologists via radio tracking; although, the majority of docu mented spawning occurs in the larger tributaries including the Greenwater and Clearwater Rivers (Ladley et al. 1996). Spring chinook spawning also occurs throughout most of the lower 24.3 miles of the White River. Egg to fry emergence of young chinook takes approximately 90110 days depending on water tem perature. The majority of juvenile spring chinook (80%) migrate to salt water as subyearlings (0 age, less than one year old) (Dunston 1955). DNA and aging analysis of adult (NOR) chinook collected from the USACE trap in Buckley and integrated into the Muckleshoot’s White River spring chinook program, showed that 77% of the springers sampled migrated to salt water as subyearlings (Johnson unpublished work).

Escapement data for White River spring chinook has been collected from fish captured in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ (USACE) fish trap in Buckley since 1941. After 1950, there was a steep decline in the number of spring chinook captured in trap. Spring chinook escapements dropped under 1,000 fish annual ly after 1955; continued to drop to as few as 66 fish in 1977, and dipped down to only six fish in 1986. This precipitous decline prompted the State of Washington and South Puget Sound tribes to implement a recov


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ery plan in the mid 70s (WDFW et al. 1996). The recovery plan involved starting a program involving the artificial propagation of wild and captive brood stocks. Currently, there are two spring chinook programs in operation; the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe’s hatchery on the White River and WDFW’s Minter Creek pro gram. These artificial propagation programs in conjunction with the use of acclimation ponds, continues to be an integral part of restoring the run to its historic levels.

Puyallup River fall chinook are endemic throughout the Puyallup River, Carbon River, Lower White River, and many of the associated tributaries to these mainstem river systems. A large component of the adult fall spawners are hatchery origin from the WDFW fall chinook program operated on Voight Creek. In 2004, the Puyallup Tribe began operation of its own fall chinook hatchery on Clarks Creek located off the lower Puyallup River. The Puyallup River Fall Chinook Baseline Report (WDFW 2000) states that genetic testing has shown similarities in both hatchery and wild Puyallup River fall chinook, with those of chinook stocks found in several other watersheds within the Puget Sound region. The similarities are likely due to significant numbers of fall chinook imported to these watersheds from the Green River hatchery. Evidence shows a significant number of Puyallup River fall chinook stray into the White River system to spawn. Carcass sampling from 2003 to 2006 on Boise Creek, a tributary to the White, showed 4764% of chinook sampled to be of hatchery origin (fallrun) due to the presence of a codedwiretag and or adipose fin clip. Although spring chinook are known to spawn in the Puyallup River system, the straying rate is significant ly less than that of Puyallup origin fall chinook.

Puyallup River fall chinook enter the Lower Puyallup River in June, and continue to move through the sys tem as late as November. The majority of spawning occurs from September to late October, with the excep tion of some of the lower tributaries that often have fish present into early November. The age of adult fall chinook returning to spawn can range between twoto five years of age. However, the larger components of adults return as fouryearolds; with a smaller number returning as threeyearolds.

The majority of post emergent fry spend a short period of time residing instream before migrating to salt water. Trapping data from a rotary screw trap in the lower Puyallup River shows that 99.7% (911) of wild outmigrant chinook caught were subyearlings (Berger and Williamson 2005). Chinook downstream mi gration in the Puyallup begins as early as late February and runs as late as the end of August, with the peak of the run occurring around the end of May. Berger and Williamson (2005), reported that sub yearling chinook sampled varied in length from 40100mm during the trapping season (February 26August 16), with significant size increases occurring throughout the season. The average fork length of chinook measured from February through mid June was 65.18mm (range 4283). Yet, the minimum size range did not exceed 60mm until after June 5th. Data results from 2007 showed the average fork length of sub yearling chinook captured from mid February to August was 67.36mm (range 3995) (Berger et al. 2007).

Coho Salmon (O. kitsutch) Coho are prevalent throughout the Puyallup/White River watershed, with nearly all lower and mid range drainages experiencing some escapement. Coho are frequently observed spawning as high as Silver Springs on the White River (RM 60.5), and a limited escapement make their way into the habitat available above Puget Sound Energy’s Electron Diversion Dam on the Puyallup River (RM 41.7). Although the ma jority of coho in the system are primarily tributary spawners, some mainstem spawning occurs along the peripheries of the main river channels and in the lower velocity side channels. Key spawning areas for co


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ho include South Prairie Creek, Boise Creek, Clearwater River, Greenwater River, Huckleberry Creek; as well as, Fox and Kapowsin Creeks on the Puyallup.

The WDFW hatchery on Voight Creek has artificially propagated coho since 1917, having in the past incor porated fry and smolts from other drainages including; Big Soos Creek, Minter Creek, Garrison Springs, George Adams Creek, as well as, the Skagit and Washougal Rivers. Voight Creek produces between 1 and 1.5 million, 100% mass marked (adipose clip) presmolts annually, of which 100,000 to 200,000 are trans ferred to acclimation ponds in the upper Puyallup Watershed. Hatchery fish from Voight Creek are re leased in April and generally move rapidly downstream. The majority of wild coho juveniles rear in fresh water for over a year (18 months) before migrating to marine waters. Wild smolt outmigration runs from March through the first part of July, with peak migration occurring near mid May. Smolt trapping data in 2005 on the Puyallup River indicated that approximately 91% of wild coho smolts migrate to marine waters as yearlings (Berger and Williamson 2005). However, there is a small class of subyearlings and two year old smolts.

The vast majority of coho spend over a year in saltwater before returning to freshwater to spawn as three yearolds. A small component of coho return to spawn as twoyearolds; yet, the age of fish returning to spawn can range between twoto four years. The Puyallup Tribe’s test fisheries data consistently shows adult coho entering the lower Puyallup River system in early August. Spawning surveys and USACE Buckley trap data show coho continue to move through the system as late as February. The majority of spawning occurs from mid September through late December, with peak spawning around the end of Octo ber through the first part of November. The South Prairie Creek drainage has a unique late run of coho that spawn well into February and early March. Hundreds of adult coho are observed holding in South Prairie Creek during chum surveys in December, before moving into upper tributaries including Coal Mine and Spiketon Creeks to spawn.

Chum Salmon (O. keta) Chum salmon are numerous and widespread throughout the lower and midriver system. Chum have been observed spawning as high in Boise Creek on the White River (RM 23.5), Fox Creek on the Puyallup (RM 29.5), and as high as river mile 8.5 on the Carbon and river mile 12 on South Prairie Creek. Chum are mass spawners, frequently utilizing the habitat found in the placid flows of primary side channels and sec ondary ephemeral side channels established along the major mainstem rivers. Also commonly utilized are the shallower outer margins of the mainstem rivers; nevertheless, most of the spawning efforts are focused in the numerous smaller tributaries located off the lower Puyallup and White Rivers, as well as South Prairie Creek. A split stock of wild and hatchery origin chum are present in the Puyallup/White system. Genetic testing of 900 chum tissue samples collected throughout the watershed by Puyallup Tribal Fishe ries biologists, implied a difference between lower Puyallup River chum (Clarks, Diru, Swan and Clear Creeks) and upper river chum (Carbon River, White River, Salmon Tributary., South Prairie Creek, Fennel and Canyonfalls Creeks) (Ford and Schwenke 2004)

The Puyallup Tribe began rearing and releasing chum from its Diru Creek Hatchery facility, a small tribu tary to Clarks Creek on the lower Puyallup River, in 1979. Eggs were transferred from several outside drainages including Chambers Creek, Finch Creek, George Adams Creek and Hylebos Creek. The Puyal lup Tribe currently raises 1.5 to 2.7 millionchum smolts annually for release into the lower Puyallup Riv er. This program significantly augments a Tribal river fishery and All Citizen purse seine fishery in East


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and West Pass in Puget Sound. This stock originated initially from Chambers Creek. Eliminating the need to import chum from outside the Puyallup/White River watershed, the Puyallup Tribe began propa gating chum for its own program at Diru Creek in 1993. The Puyallup Tribal Fisheries chum program re leases 1000 to 3000 pounds annually based on available brood stock returns to Diru Creek Hatchery. Cur rently, this is the only chum supplementation program operating in the Puyallup/White River watershed.

Adult chum salmon enter the Puyallup River as early as the second week in October. An early run of chum in Fennel Creek and the Carbon River can be observed spawning as early as the end of October. In most of the Rivers and tributaries, active spawning occurs from the middle of November through the end of Janu ary, with peak spawning occurring in mid December. Scale data collected by Puyallup Tribal Fisheries (PTF) from commercial gillnet fisheries in the lower Puyallup and Diru Creek Hatchery returns, show most adult spawners returning as threetofouryearolds. During most years, adult spawners are predo minately fouryearolds (>50%) with a small contingency of two and fiveyearolds (< 4%). Instream resi dence time for newly emerged chum is short, emerging from the gravel in late winter to early spring, juve niles move quickly downstream to the marine waters of Commencement Bay. Since 2001, the Puyallup Tribal Fisheries Department has operated a rotary screw fish trap on the lower Puyallup (RM 10.6). Trap ping data reports downstream migrating chum are captured in the trap as early as the first week of March, with peak outmigration occurring the first quarter of May (Berger and Williamson 2005).

Pink Salmon (O. gorbuscha) Pink salmon in the Puyallup/White River system return on odd years to spawn. The areas of utilization by pinks throughout the watershed have changed considerably within the past few years. Washington De partment of Fisheries biologists, in a 1975 publication, describe pink salmon utilization to be almost exclu sively limited to the mainstem Puyallup River; the lower Carbon and White Rivers; South Prairie Creek and Fennel Creek (Williams et al. 1975). This description of pink salmon utilization was generally accu rate until 2003, when an unprecedented number of adult pink salmon returned to the Puyallup/White Riv er watershed. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife escapement data from 1959 to 2001 shows the number of adult pinks returning to the Puyallup system ranged from 2,700 to 49,000, with an average sea sonal return of 19,400. Pink escapement estimates obtained from WDFW reported an estimated pink re turn of 185,000 during the 2003 run; and in 2005 the escapement was estimated at over 466,000 (Scharpf 2006). The 2007 adult pink escapement is estimated at well over 600,000. For the first time since 1941, significant numbers of pink salmon have been transported above Mud Moun tain Dam to spawn in the Upper White River (20032007), and the West Fork of the White. Substantial numbers of pinks were observed in several key tributaries including Huckleberry Creek, and the Greenwa ter and Clearwater Rivers. In addition, several pink spawners have been documented in Cripple; Pinochle and Wrong Creeks, and in 2007 pinks were observed as high as Sunrise Creek at river mile 63. The Puyal lup and Carbon River drainages have not experienced the significant expansion of utilization the White River has over the past few years. Even so, pink escapements have been exceedingly high throughout the mainstem Puyallup River below river mile 27.5; as well as the lower Carbon River, South Prairie, Wilke son, and Fennel Creeks.

All pink salmon in the Puyallup/White system are wild. Adult pink migration and spawning coincides with chinook, with pinks entering the river as early as midJuly, and spawning from late August through mid November. Like chum, pinks are mass spawners, frequently utilizing the habitat found in the placid flows of primary side channels and secondary ephemeral side channels established along the major mainstem


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rivers. Also commonly utilized are the shallower outer margins of the mainstem rivers, although, much of the spawning efforts are centered on the numerous main river tributaries. Peak spawning occurs from late September to early October, with fry emerging from late fall through win ter. Instream rearing is limited, with juvenile out migration running from February to June, peaking at the end of March. The production estimate for the 2003 pink brood year, calculated 1,988,441 outmigrants (Berger and Williamson 2004); estimates for 2005 was 7,095,017 pink smolts (Berger et al. 2006). After two years in the marine environment, adults return to spawn as twoyearolds, hence the odd year only spawning. The unique life history of pink salmon does make the species more susceptible to stochastic events, which can have an immeasurable impact on an entire year class.

Sockeye Salmon (O. nerka) Due to their diminutive numbers, sockeye are seldom seen or documented throughout most of the Puyal lup/White River basin. Thus, sockeye are generally considered insignificant and are treated with little re gard. The exception to this generalization is the USACE trap on the WhiteRiver in Buckley, which pro vides a rare opportunity to collect data on adult sockeye. Each year from 1983 to 2007, between 5 and 378 (annual average of 42) adult upstream migrants were captured and transported above Mud Mountain Dam. It is currently undetermined how many, if any, of the adult sockeye are native to the system or are strays from other watersheds. Migrating adults are caught in the trap from mid July through early September. Sockeye transported to the upper White are often observed in several of the major tributaries including the Greenwater River; Clearwater River; Huckleberry Creek and Silver Springs. Spawn timing runs from mid September through October, coinciding with chinook, pink and coho spawners. Sockeye often utilize simi lar spawning habitat as chinook and coho, which is evident by the fact that sockeye are generally seen spawning sidebyside with these other species. Spawning sockeye are easily distinguished from other salmon species by their distinctive bright red bodies and green heads. Post emergence, juvenile sockeye spend onetotwo years (typically two years) rearing in freshwater before migrating to marine waters. After twotothree years in saltwater, the majority of adults return to spawn as fouryearolds.

Steelhead/Rainbow Trout (O. mykiss) Both steelhead and rainbow trout (formally Salmo gairdneri) are present throughout the Puyallup/White River watershed. Steelhead are simply an anadromous form of rainbow trout. The offspring from either steelhead or rainbow trout can become anadromous, or remain in freshwater for their entire lives. In May of 2007, NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service released a statement that they were listing Puget Sound steelhead as “threatened” under ESA. The ESA protection covers naturally spawned steelhead, as well as a couple of hatchery stocks. However, the ESA protection does not cover rainbow trout (resident form).

Steelhead are generally categorized as winterrun or summerrun, depending on the time of the year they return to freshwater river systems to reproduce. Unlike other pacific salmon, steelhead can spawn more than once (iteroparous) during their lifecycle. Scales collected from 1984 to 2005 by Puyallup Tribal Fishe ries biologists at the USACE trap on the White River, and analyzed by WDFW, show an average of 5% (range 026.4%) repeat spawners returning annually (commonly females). Winterrun steelhead enter riv ers and streams in winter and spring, whereas summers migrate in the spring and summer seasons. Summer and winterrun steelhead enter freshwater systems in various degrees of reproductive maturation (Pauley et al. 1986). Summers enter river systems immature, and will not be ready to spawn until the fol lowing spring; whereas, winters will be ripe (mature) enough to spawn within a few months of entering


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freshwater (Pauley et al. 1986). The major distribution of winterrun steelhead includes many of the coast al and Puget Sound river systems such as the Humptulips, Quinalt, Chehalis, Hoh, Bogachiel, Soleduc, Skagit, Skykomish, Snoqualmie, Green, Puyallup and Nisqually Rivers. Winterrun steelhead are also present in several river systems along the lower Columbia River. Summerrun steelhead distribution in the Puget Sound includes the Skagit, Stilliguamish, Skykomish and Green Rivers.

The major run of steelhead to the Puyallup/White River system is winterrun. However, a few summerrun strays most likely from the Green or Skagit Rivers, are caught annually during August and September in the lower Puyallup, and at the USACE trap on the White River. Therefore, steelhead are of ten present in the watershed throughout the year. The main run of winter steelhead enters the Puyallup River in November, with the peak of the run occurring in mid December. On the White River, steelhead are occasionally caught in the USACE trap as early as late December. Although, most fish don’t start mi grating towards the upper reaches until March. The winter run continues through June, with peak migra tion occurring in mid to late April. Puyallup Tribal Fisheries spawning ground data shows peak spawning takes place in late April to early May.

Steelhead spawners frequently utilize the mainstem Puyallup, White and Carbon Rivers; although, the ma jority of spawning takes place in many of the associated tributaries. Some of the major tributaries on the White River supporting winter steelhead include Boise Creek; and the Clearwater and Greenwater Rivers. Along the Puyallup River; the upper reach tributaries of Kellog, Niesson and Ledout Creek, support the majority of spawners. In addition, the roughly five miles of mainstem river channel below the Electron di version dam (RM 41.7) consistently experiences a small number of spawners as well. The habitat above Electron has been accessible since the completion of a 215 foot fish ladder in the fall of 2000. Steelhead are known to be accessing the reach above the Electron Dam, yet little is known about spawning or rearing uti lization and distribution. Currently, the only information available is from aerial surveys conducted on the upper Puyallup and Mowich Rivers in the spring of 2005 and 2006. Surveys conducted in 2006, reveal li mited steelhead spawning activity in the mainstem Puyallup River, and no spawning activity in the Mowich. The Carbon River mainstem, below river mile 11, has consistently supported several steelhead spawners. Spawning ground survey data from 1995 to 2006, shows an average of 15.8 redds annually (range 054) in the mainstem Carbon. South Prairie Creek, a substantial tributary to the Carbon River, has long been the one of the most significant salmon and steelhead drainage in the Puyallup basin. Survey data obtained from WDFW shows the average number of steelhead redds observed in South Prairie from 1999 to 2005, was 133 (range 32196). Voight Creek, on the lower Carbon, also experiences a small steelhead escapement.

After fertilized eggs are deposited in the gravel substrate, the embryonic development and emergence of fry takes between 48 weeks depending on water temperature. Juvenile steelhead will rear in freshwater for 1 4 years before migrating to marine waters in the spring. Scale data from 792 adult winter steelhead cap tured in the USACE trap from 1985 to 2004 shows the majority of young wild winter steelhead migrate to saltwater after 2 years in freshwater (81.6%). Approximately 2.5% of the steelhead sampled spent 1 year in freshwater, 15.6% threeyears, and less than 0.25% fouryears before outmigrating. None of the steelhead sampled spent more than 4 years residing freshwater. Nearly all hatchery reared steelhead, if grown to a large enough size (five fishtothepound or 90 grams each); will migrate to saltwater shortly upon release as yearlings (oneyearold plus fish). After spending between 14 years in saltwater; adult winter steelhead will return to the Puyallup/White system at 37 years of age. Typically, most fish return after 23 years in salt water as 4yearolds (56%) and 5yearolds (34%).


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Currently, only one long term winter steelhead supplementation program exists in the basin. Each spring, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife’s hatchery on Voight Creek releases yearling fish into the system. In 2005, the Voight Creek facility released over 207,000 adipose clipped steelhead, and over 231,000 in 2004 (Berger and Williamson 2005). Broodstock for this program have come from several dif ferent drainages including the Humptulips, Bogachiel and Skagit Rivers, as well as, Chambers and Tokul Creeks. At the present time, the Voight Creek program is sustained by propagating adult steelhead re turning to the hatchery, supplemented by eggs transferred from Tokul Creek when permitted. However, the Puyallup Tribe is advocating an end to this transfer program. From 1980 to 2000, the Puyallup Tribe operated a winter steelhead program at the Diru Creek facility. The broodstock for this supplementation program came from the coastal Quinalt River system. During the 20 year span of program, the tribe re leased between 8,237 and 116,957 yearling smolts annually into the Puyallup system. The Diru Creek pro gram was successful, with an average of 915 (range 3641,144) adults returning annually from 1993 to 1999. Unfortunately, the program was discontinued due the lack of water necessary to rear steelhead year round.

The winter steelhead stocks in the Puyallup basin have been declining since 1990. The precipitous decline within just the past three years has created serious concern among fisheries managers. Factor(s) responsi ble for the decline in steelhead escapement are unknown, especially when other salmon species are expe riencing relatively good success. Escapement numbers for the USACE trap in Buckley during 2005 (152 adults) was the lowest ever recorded since 1941. South Prairie Creek averaged 150 redds annually (range 93196) from 1999 to 2004; however, only 32 redds were observed in 2005. Fortunately, escapement in creased in 2006 and 2007 (129 redds in 2006 & 168 in 2007). Decreased numbers of redds have been ob served in several other drainages as well; yet a few, such as Boise Creek on the White River, have expe rienced relatively strong returns in spite of the basin wide declines. The smolt trapping program operated by the Puyallup Tribe’s Fisheries department on the Puyallup River has observed a substantial decrease in the number of steelhead smolts captured from 2003 to 2005 (average 62.6 [range 3977] from 20032005 vs. average of 315 [range 156539] from 20002002) (Berger and Williamson 2005). The previous numbers don’t include the steelhead escapement for the White River due to the traps location approximately 0.2 miles above the White/Puyallup confluence.

During the spring of 2006, in response to the declining number of winter steelhead, the Puyallup and Muckleshoot Tribes, as well as the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, began a supplementation pilot project developed for the White River. The primary goal of this project is to restore the run to a strong selfsustaining population. The pilot project will utilize captured wild brood stock from the USACE trap in Buckley to generate approximately 35,000+ yearling smolts. The success or failure of this project will like ly determine if an additional supplementation program will be implemented on the Puyallup River.

Char/Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) Bull trout were listed on the federal register of endangered species in June of 1998, and are currently des ignated as “threatened.” Bull trout are not true trout; they actually belong to a group of fishes called char. Char are members of the salmonid family which includes Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma), Arctic char (S. alpinus) and Lake trout (S. namaycush). Morphologically, bull trout and dolly vardon are nearly indistin guishable; so much so, bull trout were once thought to be the same species or a sub species of dolly vardon. It was determined by genetic analysis in the late 1970s that bull trout and dolly vardon were in fact differ


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ent species (Cavender 1978). In addition, research has established that both bull trout and dolly vardon reside sympatrically in several Western Washington Rivers and streams (Leary and Allendorf 1997). In an effort to determine the species of char present in the Puyallup/White system, tissue samples from over 110 char were collected by PTF biologists for genetic analysis. Most of the samples collected were from char captured in USACE trap, as well as a limited number collected from Puget Sound Energies’ Electron forebay on the Puyallup, and one sample came from the Lower Puyallup River near Commence ment Bay. Results from the genetic analysis “convincingly indicated”, that all samples collected were bull trout (Baker et al. 2003). As of the printing of this report, there has been no confirmation of the presence of dolly vardon in the Puyallup/White River system.

Bull trout are endemic to the Puyallup, Carbon, and White River drainages. Currently the population(s) size of bull trout within the watershed is unknown. However, since their listing in 1998, the Puyallup Tri bal Fisheries department has made a focused effort on collecting biological data, as well as spacial informa tion on bull trout distribution and utilization. Documented areas of utilization include the lower and upper mainstems of the Puyallup, White, Carbon and Mowich Rivers. The best documentation on bull trout utili zation exists on the White River. The Upper White River provides some of the best critical habitat for bull trout spawning and rearing. Surveys of numerous headwater tributaries along the White River and the West Fork of the White during the summer of 2000, revealed the presence of adult and juvenile bull trout in several of the drainages (Marks unpublished work).

Each year from 1999 through 2007, between 29 to 49 (annual average of 39) adult upstream migrants were captured in the USACE trap on the White River and transported above Mud Mountain Dam. This trap and haul operation conducted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has been functioning since 1941. Data gathered by PTF on these captured fish strongly indicates both fluvial and anadromous life history traits. Fluvial bull trout utilize the main river system and tributaries to forage as adults; yet, migrate to their natal streams or other spawning tributaries to reproduce. Anadromous fish migrate downstream to forage in more productive marine waters. Spawning ground surveys conducted by Puyallup Tribe Fisheries biologists on Klickitat Creek during the 2002 through 2006 seasons, observed floy tagged adult fish previously captured in the USACE trap, spawn ing with nontagged fish. It is surmised that most of the unmarked fish are fluvial bull trout entering from the mainstem river, since adults are rarely observed in the smaller spawning tributaries preorpost spawning. However, it is undetermined what component of adults spawners, if any, are residents. Further research is needed to understand and identify the life history patters and population dynamics of bull trout in the White River. Addressing this issue, in 2006 and 2007, Puyallup Tribe Fisheries biologist surgically implanted bull trout captured in the USACE trap with LOTEC radio transmitters (10 in 2006, 19 in 2007). The radio tagged bull trout were tracked for 6 months as they made their upstream migrations to spawning sites in the upper White River, as well as their postspawning migrations downstream. During the 2006 study, seven of the ten bull trout spawned in tributaries located on the mainstem of the White River within Mt. Rainier National Park; one spawned in Lodi Creek on the West Fork within the park, and another in Silver Creek just a half mile outside of the National Park. In 2007, 8 radio tagged bull trout were observed spawning in tributaries located on the White River inside the National Park. Two other bull trout were tracked up the West Fork White near Lodi Creek.

Far less is known about bull trout utilization in the Puyallup, Carbon and Mowich Rivers. Bull trout have been observed in all three river systems, yet spawning has only been documented in the upper Carbon Riv er within Mt. Rainier National Park. Bull trout spawning occurs primarily during the first three weeks in


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September, however, spawning has been observed taking place from the last week of August through the first week of October. Bull trout are iteroparous (have the ability to spawn more than once); therefore, re covering preorpost spawn mortalities for examination is extremely rare. Spawners in the upper White River tributaries are observed utilizing various sized substrate from small gravels to small cobble. Redds are often constructed in the tailout of pools and along the channel margins. Embryonic development is slow (depending on water temperatures); it may take between 165235 days for eggs to hatch and for alevin to absorb their yolk (Pratt 1992). Bull trout fry emerge in late winter and spring. Young fry can often be seen by mid March foraging in the lateral habitat along the upper mainstem White River and associate tri butaries.

Harvest For thousands of years the native populations looked to the Puyallup River (Pwiya`lap) as a critical re source. In December of 1854, the Puyallup Tribe along with several other Western Washington tribes, signed the Treaty of Medicine Creek with territorial governor Isaac Stevens (18181862). In accordance with the treaty of Medicine Creek, the tribes agreed to reside on appointed reservations, further requiring them (the treaty tribes) to relinquish much of their historic fishing and hunting lands. However, fishing and hunting rights were addressed in article 3 of the treaty which states in part:

“The right of taking fish, at all usual and accustomed grounds and stations, is further secured to said Indians

in common with all citizens of the territory” The rights of natives to fish would be protested and challenged many times, yet the tribe’s treaty right to fish their usual and accustomed areas (U & A) was reaffirmed in February 1974, by Judge George Boldt (Case number C709213; U.S. vs. Washington, also known as “The Boldt Decision”). This historic decision allowed treaty member tribes a right to take 50% of the annual harvestable returns. As a result of the Boldt decision, treaty tribes also became responsible for managing their own fisheries. Today, the Puyallup Tribe continues to view the Puyallup and White Rivers as a valuable cultural and economical resource to be protected. In a cooperative effort with state and federal regulatory agencies, the Puyallup Tribe has be come an integral link in “CoManaging” the fisheries and water resources of the Puyallup/White River wa tershed.

The Puyallup tribe currently targets fall chinook, coho and chum in its net fishery on the Lower Puyallup River. As a protection and enhancement measure, the Puyallup Tribe has not targeted spring chinook in its fishery for over 30 years. The goal for all target species is to maintain a harvestable stock by ensuring that a sizable escapement component successfully makes it to the spawning grounds to reproduce. Timing and fishing efforts are focused on harvesting the stronger hatchery stocks of fall chinook, coho and chum, while protecting the smaller stocks of wild fish. A harvest biologist with the Puyallup Tribe manages the fishery to prevent overharvest and to protect species of concern. The Puyallup Tribal Fisheries Depart ment works closely with biologists from other state, federal, and tribal agencies to determine the tribal fishing regulations for each season.

In conjunction with tribal fishing, the Puyallup River system has long supported a significant sport fishery as well. Sport fishing regulations and laws are managed and enforced by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. The sport anglers in the Puyallup basin target several species including; chinook, coho, pink, chum, and steelhead. In the Washington State Sport Catch Report for the 20012002 season, (Man


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ning and Smith 2005) reported, based on catch data received from anglers, that 14,292 salmon were har vested in the Puyallup system. Harvest summary results reported by WDFW shows 359 steelhead were caught (284winter/75summer) during the 20012002 season (WDFW 2004). Seasons and limits (quantity, size, origin: wild or hatchery, type of gear used, fishing areas) are specifically set for each target species to prevent overharvesting and to protect threatened or depressed stocks such as bull trout, spring chinook, and wild winter steelhead.

In addition to inriver sport fishing and local tribal harvests, salmon produced in the Puyallup/White River system are harvested outside of the watershed by commercial, sport, and other tribal fisheries. Significant numbers of Puyallup/White River produced salmon are caught annually in the Puget Sound, and fisheries ranging from Oregon to Alaska. Coded wire tag recovery data shows that out of 448 tags recovered from Voight and Diru Creek fall chinook (1997 broodyear), approximately 36% were harvested in the tribal net fishery in the Puyallup, 17.4% were recovered from hatchery returns, 20% were caught in Puget Sound and Washington ocean fisheries, 0.4% in Oregon marine waters, 25% in Canadian fisheries, and 0.4% in Alaskan fisheries.

Tags recovered from 1,063 White River spring chinook (19931994, zero age broodyears), which generally reside in Puget Sound waters as adults, shows 78% were recovered from hatchery returns, 16% were from the Puget Sound sport fishery, and 4% from Canadian sport and commercial fisheries. Tag recovery data for 1994 through 1996 coho broodyears show out of 450 tags recovered, 23% were from coho caught in the Puget Sound sport fishery, 3% in Washington ocean sport fishing, 3% in the Canadian ocean sport fishery, 15% were caught in the tribal net fishery in the Puyallup, and 55% were recovered from hatchery returns.

Limiting Factors Affecting Fish Populations The following section on limiting factors was written by Russ Ladley and originally printed in the 2000 Puyallup River Fall Chi nook Baseline Report. The following version has been edited and updated since originally drafted in 1999.

Over 45 miles of levee exists along the Puyallup and Carbon Rivers. As a result, habitat restoration and enhancement actions must emphasize the need to promote freedom for stream channel movement and nat ural floodplain processes. Within the Salmon Recovery Planning Act, limiting factors are defined as “condi tions that limit the ability of habitat to fully sustain populations of salmon.” Clearly, levees which block access to peripheral habitat and reduce the available area of active channel have had a limiting affect on the fish production. Channel confinement by levees has dramatically reduced availability of suitable spawning habitat. Setback levees are the solutions to this problem but unfortunately, are years away. The only setback project completed to date on the Puyallup River (RM 2426) is an outstanding example of what can be accomplished and the many benefits that are possible. In the short period since completion the river has braided and migrated forming a natural meander pattern that has reduced gradient. The lower aver age velocity has permitted retention of gravel material that was previously scoured away under high veloc ity flows. Channel braiding and large woody debris recruitment has added channel complexity and estab lished productive spawning and rearing habitat where it did not previously exist.

Development is the greatest threat to habitat restoration and enhancement. Communities such as Orting are experiencing rapid growth but unfortunately have not provided sufficient setback from floodways and critical areas. Development within both Sumner and Puyallup has, in many cases, encroached so close to the levee that any setback opportunity has either been lost or is so costly to be prohibitive. Further “infil


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ling” will diminish restoration opportunities and at the same time increase dependency upon structural flood management alternatives.

Commencement Bay/Puyallup River Estuary The Port of Tacoma is today the third largest commercial shipping terminus in the western U.S. Since 1880, a wide variety of activities associated with industrialization and commerce have affected the physi cal, chemical and biological functions of the Puyallup River estuary. The physical change involves the transformation of 5,700 acres of intertidal wetlands and mudflats into uplands suitable for commercial and industrial development. In 1982, the federal government ranked Commencement Bay amongst the most hazardous waste sites in the U. S. and portions of the area were officially designated as Superfund sites under CERCLA. The Commencement Bay/Nearshore Tideflats (CB/NT) was later added to the National Priorities List (NPL) after fish, shellfish and sediments were found to contain elevated levels of harmful substances.

Commencement Bay is surrounded by industrial, commercial and residential development and is one of the most highly modified and stressed estuaries in Puget Sound (Shreffler et al. 1992). The Tacoma Pierce County Health Department has identified approximately 480 point and nonpoint sources that discharge into Commencement Bay (Rogers et al. 1983). The first step in cleanup actions involves source control. The industries that have contributed to this dubious distinction include, shipbuilding, coal gasification, pe troleum storage and refining, ore handling and smelting, wood products storage, burning, and manufactur ing including Kraft pulp bleaching, chemical storage and manufacturing, solvent processing and many oth ers.

The chemical and biological impacts associated with industrial process contamination have proven the most difficult and costly to assess. After nearly 15 years of study we are just beginning to understand the full extent of contamination and although some sites have been remediated, cleanup in many areas is still years away. Research related to fish health and/or injury resulting from contamination is far from conclu sive. However, work by Varanasi et al. (1993) indicates juvenile chinook are susceptible to PCB uptake in polluted estuaries. Furthermore, this contamination has been linked to suppression of the immuno response system in these fish.

Restoration planning of the CB/NT area is the responsibility of the Natural Resource Damage Trustees. This group includes the NOAA, USFWS, DOE, DNR, WDFW, and the Puyallup and Muckleshoot tribes. The Trustees are charged with restoring injured natural resources. The approach they will use is outlined in the Commencement Bay Restoration Plan and Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (1997). Because of the dramatic loss of intertidal wetland and salt marsh habitat during the last 120 years, restoration planning and CB/NT mitigation projects will require the conversion of subtidal or upland habi tat into intertidal habitat.

Sewage Treatment Facilities At the present time there are six wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) which discharge directly to the Puyallup and Carbon Rivers. These are Carbonado, Wilkeson, South Prairie, Orting, Sumner, and Puyal lup. The outfall from the City of Tacoma’s WWTP was moved from the Puyallup River to Commencement Bay in 1990. That outfall extends 1200feet offshore and discharges 38 MGD at a depth of 150feet. The Puyallup plant is now the largest facility discharging directly to the river with a volume of 3.765MGD dry


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weather (10.72 MGD wet weather and 9.46MGD annual average). Most of the existing WWTP’s provide secondary treatment. Both Puyallup and Orting plants were recently expanded to provide both increased capacity as well as advanced treatment. The Wilkeson plant and South Prairie plant are undersized for current capacity. The City of Sumner WWTP has a permitted capacity of 2.62 MGD. Sumner employs chlorine disinfection and sulfur dioxide dechlorination. The actual outfall diffuser is located on the White River 0.4 mile upstream of the confluence with the Puyallup River.

Pierce County is presently evaluating its sewer system within the context of a programmatic EIS. This is being done as part of Comprehensive Plan requirements to prepare and update a longrange service plan. The concepts under review include centralized treatment where all potential sewer service areas will route to the Chambers Creek Regional WWTP. This concept differs from the current decentralized treatment that utilizes facilities based on watershed or subwatershed proximity and maximizes gravity flow. One of the major concerns with this alternative relates to instream flow loss resulting from the transfer of water out of basin. All of the alternatives under consideration have controversial impacts as does the noaction alternative. Defining the impacts of increased wastewater discharge on fisheries, fish habitat, and the state’s antide gradation policy for groundwater are significant and complex matters. Although these issues apply to both centralized and decentralized systems, fisheries impacts are probably greater with a decentralized system because of required plant capacity increases necessary to accommodate future growth.

Upper Puyallup River The Upper Puyallup Basin had been void of anadromous fish between the construction of the Electron Dam in 1904 and the completion of the 215 foot fish ladder in 2000. The Electron Hydroproject involves a water diversion dam located at RM 41.7, 10.5 miles of flume, a forebay for sediment removal, power generation station and transmission equipment. The project operates under a 400cfs water right but seldom if ever operates under that volume. Typical operating flows utilize about 350cfs withdrawal. In 1997 the Puyallup Tribe entered into a Resource Enhancement Agreement (REA) with Puget Sound Energy, the project owner/operator, to begin fisheries restoration efforts within the project affected area. The REA includes provisions for the maintenance of minimum instream flows within the project bypass (a 10.1mile reach of the Puyallup River formerly subject to withdrawal of all water save for tributary inflow).

Excellent spawning habitat exists throughout the Upper Puyallup watershed including upstream of the PSE diversion dam. Adult chinook were reintroduced to the Upper Puyallup River in 1999. Surplus chi nook from the WDFW Voight Creek Hatchery were trucked and released at three different locations to maximize disbursement. Subsequent surveys revealed excellent results. Additional adult chinook plants have been made annually when surplus fish were available.

The REA also provided for construction and operation of rearing ponds for coho and chinook supplementa tion. The fish production potential of the upper Puyallup is unknown. However, over 26 miles of stream habitat exists above the dam which becomes accessible following completion of the Electron Dam fish lad der in the fall of 2000. The ladder is designed to operate with at least 40cfs and incorporates a modified weir and rock design.

The REA also provides for minimum instream flows which were not previously required despite established state law. Under the REA, PSE will provide 60cfs year round in the bypass reach. This will increases to


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80cfs during the fourmonth period from July 15 and November 15 to facilitate adult salmon migrating upstream. Water spilled at the dam in conjunction with tributary and spring flow accretion will provide sufficient flow for upstream passage.

Completion of the fish ladder was the centerpiece of the REA. Viable fish habitat must be accessible to realize full production potential. The absence of anadromous fish above Electron Dam prior to 2000 has in all likelihood biased the scrutiny and regulatory oversight of past land use, forest practice and road con struction/maintenance actions. Hancock Forest Resource Group (formally Camble Group L.L.C.) is the primary private landowner in this WAU but the federal government has considerable holdings as well. The bulk of the Forest Service owner ship is contiguous with the Mount Rainier National Park and located on the east headwaters. Primary tri butaries to the upper Puyallup include: Neisson Creek, Kellogg Creek, LeDout Creek, Swift Creek, Deer Creek, Mowich River and the North Fork Puyallup River. In addition, numerous smallunnamed wall base channels parallel the Puyallup River and provide prime rearing habitat. Because of the large basin size (110,080 acres) and the quality of habitat available, recovery efforts are a high priority for the Tribe.

Carbon River The Carbon River flows 33 miles before reaching the Puyallup River near the City of Orting and has a mean annual flow of 664cfs. The Carbon supports all five species of salmon as well as steelhead, cutthroat and bull trout. Hancock Forest Resource Group and the US Forest Service have roughly equal land owner ship in this 92,000acre WAU. Approximately 66,000acres are in federal ownership including National Park designation. The upper 12 miles of the Carbon River in the vicinity of Carbonado and Fairfax are deeply incised in a bedrock gorge which restricts human access. A number of small tributaries enter in this reach but plunge vertically into the river and hence, are not fish bearing. The lower 8.5 miles of the river are artificially confined with a network of levees built and maintained by Pierce County for flood control purposes. This reach of the Carbon also supports a number of naturally spawning chinook, chum, and steelhead. Productive habitat is severely limited due to confinement between levees and levee/culvert blockages of wall base channels.

South Prairie Creek South Prairie Creek has long been considered the heart of the Puyallup River fisheries resource. Although returns have declined over the past twenty years, it remains one of the top producers in the Puyallup River system. No other stream in the Puyallup/White basin, except for Boise Creek on the White River, is as productive in terms of both spawning density (number of spawners per mile) and total escapement size. The 15.4miles of anadromous habitat in South Prairie Creek support more chinook, pink, chum and steel head than the entire 68 miles of the mainstem Puyallup River. Resource protection within this drainage is therefore paramount. Land use policy and water allocation are two issues that will play a critical role in the longterm viability of this unique drainage.

South Prairie Creek was placed on the state 303(d) list in 1997 for water temperature excursions. This is alarming particularly because the causal mechanism is not evident. South Prairie Creek flows westward within a steep valley and is bordered by a relatively healthy RMZ throughout much of its course. The fact that the excursion was measured on private timberlands is all the more mysterious. Perhaps ambient wa ter temperatures are naturally warm in this system. Further monitoring will hopefully help edify this enigma.


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In response to the high priority listing for watershed analysis by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) for this WAU, a stream typing review was completed in 1997. This updated information will be an asset for this proposed culvert assessment work. Hancock is the largest landowner (31%) in the basin fol lowed by the USFS (17%) and Plum Creek (10%). Additionally, 30% of the basin area is mixed residential and agricultural lands. There are approximately 52 miles of stream in the watershed including tributaries.

Lower Puyallup River Two primary landform processes are responsible for the current configuration of the Puyallup River valley; glaciation and deposition of alluvial materials. The valley is bordered by uplands made up of unstratified till deposits that were carried by moving ice. They consist of clay, sand and gravel and boulders. Tills are generally stable and well compacted from the weight of glacial ice they once supported.

The valley walls often lack the same compaction and consist primarily of sand and gravel. This material is open and loose. This geological makeup makes them prime candidates for aggregate materials commonly used for Portland cement and structural fill. This high demand resource explains the proliferation of gra vel mines in such areas. The primary component of the floodplain is alluvial deposits from streams and rivers. This material is made up of fine sand, silt and clay. These are the nutrient rich soils that brought agricultural fame to the Puyallup valley. Prior to flood control projects, alluvial materials were deposited on the valley floor during seasonal flood events.

The “Limiting Factors Analysis” for the Puyallup River Basin completed by the Washington State Conser vation Commission (WCC 1999) found the lower section of the Puyallup River to function primarily as a transportation corridor having lost most of its riparian habitat, spawning habitat, and rearing habitat. Tidal influence can extend upstream to approximately RM 6.0. The salinity halocline has been observed as far upstream as Interstate 5 (WDOT).

Solutions to today’s absence of estuarine habitat focus on introducing historical processes, functions and conditions where possible. Although the Commencement Bay tideflats area may never again resemble preEuropean settlement conditions, many opportunities remain to improve upon current conditions.

Flood Control History The flood control history described in the White River Spring Chinook Recovery Plan also applies to much of the Puyallup and Carbon Rivers. Essentially, flood control was achieved through a combination of prac tices such as dredging, straightening, revetment and levee construction. The most intensive application of these methods was directed toward the lower Puyallup River from the confluence of the White River to Commencement Bay. In this 10.4mile stretch, the river is channeled and constrained within a concrete trapezoidal revetment. This effort was initiated by a legislative Act in 1913 which created the Inter County River Improvement District. This entity was a joint King and Pierce County entity was established to address flooding problems that primarily originated on the White River but which have the greatest im pact on the lower Puyallup River.

The bulk of the gravel mining has traditionally taken place in the vicinity of Orting both on the Carbon and Puyallup Rivers. Both rivers are tightly confined by levees, which further fuels the perceived need for gra vel removal. When a gravel bar is deposited after high flow events, the obvious perception is that it is


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blocking the channel and must be removed. Many local residents believe gravel mining is an essential component of flood prevention. Public visibility has been an important factor in siting gravel removal op erations. The problem with this is that we are recruiting and familiarizing more and more people to the practice who will likely acquire the sentiment that gravel extraction is necessary for flood safety. Gravel removal operations have ceased since the listing of chinook in 2000. Surprisingly, there is little if any scientific data that supports gravel removal as a viable means of flood protection. On the other hand, if residents understood the fact that the flood carrying capacity of the Car bon and Puyallup Rivers is less than the 100year flood at numerous locations (Prych, 1988) then they might acknowledge the need for additional land acquisitions and/or setback levee construction. They might also be less willing to purchase homes located in close proximity to the floodway.

The annual volume of gravel material removed from the Puyallup and Carbon rivers has not been well do cumented. However, more recently, HPA data reveal a trend toward diminishing volumes. Part of this re lates to increased concerns about impacts to fish habitat and related difficulties in permitting. Pierce County Water Programs (formerly River Improvement) targets gravel removal sites in proximity to public facilities. Bridges and levees that are prone to material buildup (aggradation) are typically at the top of the list for gravel removal.

The Department of Natural Resources had the option of charging royalties on aggregate materials mined from waters of the state. The term waters of the state applies to navigable waters which have been deter mined to be the Puyallup River downstream of the confluence with the Carbon River (RM 17.3). Ideally, mining royalties could be collected and applied to WRIA based mitigation, enhancement and/or land acqui sition programs.

On the Puyallup River upstream of Orting, RM 2125, Pierce County has emphasized property acquisition in lieu of costly maintenance repairs and reconstruction. In fact, since the inception of the property acqui sition program in 1991, Pierce County has acquired 21 homes and over 500 acres of floodplain area. This approach was taken to reduce maintenance expenditures associated with repetitive losses of highrisk levee facilities.

In 1997 a 2mile long setback levee was constructed on the rightbank of the Puyallup between RM 23 and 25. Over 123 acres of public land was added to the floodplain as part of the levee setback. The expanded floodplain will allow flood flow energy to dissipate over a greater area thereby reducing scour depth and providing greater channel stability. Freedom from levee confines has permitted natural fluvial processes to reengage the surrounding landscape. Already significant and beneficial changes are apparent. The wooded bottom lands are being flooded, scoured and are forming a diverse floodplain providing characteris tic physical and biological features and functions that have been absent since the levees were constructed some 50 years ago.

Property buyout and setback programs must be encouraged. Although expensive, this approach represents the best opportunity for reestablishing natural production. The Orting levee setback should be considered only the first in a long list of habitat recovery projects. Additional restoration opportunities offering flood protection benefits are discussed in the Puyallup Tribes, Restoration Site Catalog (Ladley and Smith, 1999). However, there are many more sites that can be added to this list to provide significant habitat ad ditions.


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Recently released rule language governing take propose significant restrictions to current land use policies. For example, the newly acquired recognition of channel migration zone (CMZ) will be a key element within the evolving ESA § 4(d) rule now being packaged by the TriCounty governments. It is possible that levee repairs in repetitive loss locations may conflict with CMZ management principles currently under devel opment. This issue is also pertinent to the NMFS concept of properly functioning conditions (PFC). Rule language in the Federal Register reads: properly functioning conditions is the sustained presence of natural habitat forming processes in a watershed (e.g. riparian community succession, bedload transport, precipitation ru noff pattern, channel migration) that are necessary for the long term survival of the species through the full range of environmental variation. Gravel mining operations clearly affect three of the four italicized ele ments.

In 1997, at the request of the Puyallup Tribe, Pierce County formed an ad hoc committee on gravel mining. After the February 8, 1996 flood event, a renewed interest in flood protection and gravel removal arose. Pierce County went as far as to prepare a public bid package for the removal of 1million cubic yards of gravel from the Puyallup River system. Fortunately, no action was taken. The committee addressed local demand for riverine aggregate materials while at the same time recognized the need to protect fish and their habitat. The group was instrumental in approving gravel removal proposals and for the first time used current spawning survey data to minimize adverse impacts to significant spawning habitat.

Vegetation management is another important component of flood management in the Puyallup River, par ticularly on levees and/ or revetment. For over 65 years vegetation was actively managed to limit size and distribution. The general theory follows that any vegetation that covers revetments may hide obvious signs of structural weakness or potential problems. Root structures from trees were also perceived as a threat to levee integrity. Root balls torn out by flooding or high wind may expose the underlying levee fill material. Without the armor layer to provide protection a levee can rapidly unravel and is susceptible to catastrophic failure.

The Puyallup Tribe has entered in to levee vegetation management agreement with both Pierce County and the Corps of Engineers. The Corps has flood facility jurisdiction on the lower Puyallup River from RM 3.0 to the mouth. Pierce County has jurisdiction upstream of RM 3.0 to RM 8.26 on the Carbon and to RM 27 on the Puyallup. These agreements were designed to reform levee management practices and reduce habitat injury associated with levee maintenance. The agreements specify where and what vegetation is permissible both on and/or near revetment structures. The arrangement provides for both structural in spection needs and a modicum of fisheries habitat requirements. Since the agreements were adopted, levee vegetation has flourished. Although riparian conditions are still far from ideal, the existing vegetation does provide an important shading function.

Spawning Ground Escapement Surveys The Puyallup Tribe of Indians Fisheries Division has conducted extensive spawning ground escapement surveys for salmon, steelhead and bull trout in the Puyallup/White River watershed since 1991. Closely monitoring the escapement numbers of fish on the spawning grounds is a critical link in ensuring a sus tainable fishing harvest for target species. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife regularly conducts surveys on several key drainages including the Clearwater River and Wilkeson Creek for steel head; and South Prairie Creek for chinook and steelhead. Precise escapement numbers for the upper


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White River drainage are known, since all adult salmon and steelhead that spawn in the upper White are captured in the USACE fish trap, then transported and released above Mud Mountain Dam (MMD @ RM 29.6). Therefore, surveys conducted on the upper White River are done primarily to determine fish distri bution and spawning success. Adult spawning data is especially important regarding spring chinook, since adult production monitoring is an integral part of the White River Spring Chinook Recovery Plan.

Fall and early winter survey conditions are often marked by extremely low, turbid flows. Early in the chi nook run, flows in the main stem river side channels and tributaries are often too low to allow fish access to these key spawning areas. The resulting focus by chinook on mainstem spawning is therefore extremely difficult to document due to highly turbid conditions in the Puyallup, White and Carbon Rivers. Low water visibility during the spring often affects the late steelhead surveys in the mainstem rivers as well. Most of this report summarizes spawning ground data gathered from August of 2007, through June of 2008. Chi nook (pink in odd years) surveys are conducted from the middle of August through the first week of No vember, with peak spawning occurring around the later part of September to early October. The window for char reproduction is quit brief; with the majority of spawning taking place during the first three weeks of September. Coho are observed on the spawning grounds the midpart of September through late De cember, peaking around the end of October through the first part of November (South Prairie Creek expe riences a late run into February/March). Chum spawn as early as the end of October, continuing through the first half of February, hitting their spawning peak in mid to late December. Steelhead (winter run) surveys begin in midMarch and conclude in midJune. However, adult steelhead are often present in the Puyallup/White River watershed year round. Most streams are surveyed by foot, with the exception of the Puyallup, White and Carbon Rivers, as well as South Prairie Creek, which are floated by raft.

Data collected for all species during spawning surveys include the number of live and dead fish observed throughout the survey reach. With chinook, steelhead and bull trout, the number and locations of redds are also documented. Redds are marked with flagging, and the site locations are collected using a hand held GPS unit. Maps are generated from the GPS data collected, showing the redd locations for chinook, bull trout, and steelhead (Appendix C). Significant carcass sampling is conducted for adult chinook and coho throughout the watershed. Carcasses are examined for fin clips (marks) and checked for coded wire tags (CWTs) with a metal detecting wand. Chinook carcasses with a left or right ventral clip are White River spring chinook from acclimation ponds located above Mud Mountain Dam. Carcasses with an adi pose clip or a combination adipose clip and CWT, are hatchery origin fall chinook. Adult coho carcasses are examined for adipose clips and CWTs. Coho carcasses with no marks or CWTs are considered wild, whe reas coho with a missing adipose, and / or CWTs, are considered hatchery origin fish. The snouts are re moved from carcasses with detectable CWTs, labeled, then forwarded to the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife for identification.

Continuing efforts are being made by the tribe to increase and expand the survey coverage area in order to improve escapement estimates. Increased effort is especially needed in expanding bull trout and steelhead survey areas. To date, little or no effort has been expended on surveying the 26+ miles of habitat above the Electron diversion dam on the Puyallup River, as well as the mainstem White above Mud Mountain Dam, or above the upper Carbon River gorge. Through limited survey observations and from adult fish caught in the Electron forebay, it is know that chinook, coho, and steelhead are accessing and spawning in the upper reach of the Puyallup, as well as the Mowich River. Unfortunately, a very limited amount of data has been collected on escapement and spawning distribution of fish in the upper Puyallup River basin.


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(1) Trapazoidal Approximation AUC= Σ(titi1) (x i +x i1 )

(3) AUC last = (x last s) (2) AUC first = (x 1 s)

i=2 _________

2

Fish and Habitat Restoration One of the Puyallup Tribe’s most significant restoration goals is to rebuild depressed chinook stocks and remove them from ESA listing. The Puyallup Tribe operates seven acclimation ponds in the Puyal lup/White River Watershed. Three of the acclimation ponds are used for reintroducing fall chinook and co ho into a 30 mile reach of the Upper Puyallup River above Electron Dam (RM 41.7). The Electron diversion dam had been an anadromous barrier for 97 years (19042000). A 215 foot fish ladder was constructed, and completed in the fall of 2000. Using acclimation ponds, limiting harvest, and making substantial gains in habitat restoration, the tribe will be able to accomplish this task. Levee setbacks, oxbow reconnections both inter tidal and upland, Commencement Bay cleanup, and harvest cutbacks have already been in itiated. Only the jumpstarting of chinook in habitat areas devoid of fish is left. Acclimation ponds are a proven method for increasing fish numbers on the spawning grounds. Hatchery rearing 200,000 fall chi nook for acclimation ponds in the upper Puyallup River is a key component to restoration goals. Four other acclimation ponds are located in the upper White River drainage; including a new pond located on the Greenwater River which was constructed during the summer of 2007. These ponds are used for reintroduc ing White River spring chinook back into their endemic range. Hatchery rearing up to 900,000+ spring chi nook for acclimation ponds in the upper White River is a fundamental part of the White River spring chi nook recovery plan. In addition to the rearing and acclimation of juveniles, surplus live adult fall chinook from the WDFW Voight Creek hatchery are planted in the upper Puyallup drainage when surplus fish are available. In addition, the PuyallupWhite River winter steelhead stocks have been in serious decline for the past several years.

Salmon and Steelhead Escapement Estimates It is important to note that the numbers of live fish observed and represented in the graphs are an accumulation of all fish seen throughout the survey season. The total number of live fish ob served does not depict the actual estimated escapement which is de rived through statistical analysis (AUC method). Starting with 2005, chinook, coho, and chum salmon species escapement estimates, both redd based and AUC will be available. (see Appendix F for complete list of escapement estimates). The areaunderthecurve method used for most of the salmon escapement estimates is the trapezoidal approximation (English et al. 1992; Bue et al. 1998). This equation is used to calculate escapement when the beginning and end of a survey season has zero live fish observed, where ti is the day of the year and xi is the number of fish observed for the ith survey. However, this equation will not surpass on its own if the survey season does not begin, and or end in zero observations of fish (Johnson and Barrett 1998; English et al. 1992).

The Area Under the Curve (1) analysis is derived from the live count results for each drainage, using a range of 7595% observer effi ciency. To account for season estimates when fish are observed during the first, and or last survey, the fol lowing rules as used by the Alaska Department of

Fish and Game in Cordova (Bue et al. 1998) were applied in our estimates. When fish are observed on the first survey, the following equations is applied (2), where s is the fishlife (an average 10 day fishlife expectancy is used for all species). When live fish are still observed on the final sur vey; then equation (3) is applied. Equation (4) is then used to determine the final escapement estimate (E); where v is the correction for observer efficiency. The AUC method is not used to determine steelhead

n

_________

2 _________

2


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(4) E = AUC escapement. Since all chinook and coho are sampled and the tails removed; when the number of dead fish is significantly greater than the live count or AUC estimate, then the dead count is used as the escapement. However, chum and pink salmon are not sampled due to the generally large numbers of carcasses experienced on the spawning grounds. Therefore, the dead counts for chum and pinks are an approximate number observed. Currently, instead of using the AUC method to determine steelhead escapement, the Puyallup Tribal Fi sheries Department and WDFW determine steelhead escapement based on redd counts. Since the mid 1980’s, state biologists have derived steelhead escapement from data obtained through WDFW’s (formally Washington Department of Game) Snow Creek Research Project (Freymond and Foley 1985). Researchers placed a weir on Snow Creek, and over several years were able to count the number of steelhead passed above, as well as the number of redds produced by spawners. A final factor of 0.81 females per redd was calculated. Furthermore, a ratio of 1 male to 1 female is used when no sex ratio is known; which is the case throughout the Puyallup/White River system. Therefore, to determine the total escapement for steelhead, each redd is multiplied by a factor of 1.62 (i.e. 42 redds x 1.62 steelhead per redd = total escapement of 68 steelhead). This system is not applied to steelhead redds observed in the upper White River drainage. As stated earlier, precise escapement numbers for the upper White River drainage are known. Adult salmon and steelhead that spawn in the upper White are first captured in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ fish trap, then transported and released above Mud Mountain Dam. Therefore, surveys conducted on the upper White River are done primarily to determine fish distribution and spawning success.

About This Report The information and spawning data contained within this report is not all inclusive of the entire wa tershed, but rather focuses on those stream and river segments known to support the majority of spawners. Over the past few season, the Puyallup/White River system has experienced an increase in escapement, range and distribution for all salmon species, especially chum and pinks. Over 33,000 pink salmon were transported above Mud Mountain Dam on the White River in 2005, and over 127,000 pink salmon were transported in 2007. In addition to increased pink and chum returns, chinook and coho escapements have experience improvements as well, this has made it necessary to survey more river miles to cover the ex panding distribution for all species and determine the spawning escapement/success.

This report is organized alphabetically by stream name, project or facility. If applicable, each includes riv er miles surveyed, the WRIA designation, as well as a description of the drainage, project or facility. Most of the data is graphically represented by species, showing the total number of live fish, dead fish and redds counted throughout the spawning season. In addition, yearly species comparisons are presented when three or more years of survey data is available. If less than three years of data is available, or if a particu lar drainage was not surveyed with any regularity, or when few fish were observed, no graphs are pre sented. However, raw survey data for each stream and river surveyed can be found in Appendix D. Some graphs in this report were generated using data collected by WDFW. Also included in this report is infor mation and data collected from several other Puyallup Tribal Fisheries projects including; the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) fish trap on the White River, Electron fish bypass facility, Puyallup River ju venile salmonid production assessment project (smolt trap), and the Puyallup Tribe’s salmon hatcheries on Clarks and Diru Creeks.

SV


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Shirvell, C.S., and R.G. Dungey. 1983. Micrhabitats chosen by brown trout for feeding and spawning in rivers. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 102: 312316

Shreffler, D.K., Simenstad, C.A., and Thom, R.M. 1992 Juvenile salmon foraging in a restored estuarine wetland Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 47: 20792084.

Simenstad, C.A. 1999. Commencement Bay aquatic ecosystem assessment – ecosystem scale restoration for juvenile salmon recovery. Prepared for City of Tacoma, Washington Department of natural Re sources, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 51 pp.

Sumioka, S.S., 2004, Trends in streamflow and comparisons with instream flows in the lower Puyallup River Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 20045016, 46 p.

Varanasi, U. et al. 1993. Contaminant exposure and associated biological effects in juvenile chinook sal mon (Onchorynchus tshawytscha) from urban and nonurban estuaries of Puget Sound. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFSNWFSC8 76 pp and appendices.

Washington Conservation Commission. 1999. Salmon habitat limiting factors report for the Puyallup Riv er basin. (Water Resource Inventory Area 10) 126 pp.

Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2004. 20012002 Steelhead Harvest Summary (run cor rected). Washington Department of Fisheries, Olympia, WA.

Washington Department of Fisheries, Washington Department of Wildlife and Western Washington Treaty Indian Tribes. 1993. 1992 Washington state salmon and steelhead stock inventory. Washington De partment of Fisheries, Olympia, WA.

Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Puyallup Indian Tribe and Muckleshoot Indian Tribe. 1996. Recovery Plan for White River Spring Chinook Salmon. WDFW, Olympia WA.

Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and Puyallup Indian Tribe. 2000. Puyallup River Fall Chi nook Baseline Report. Washington Department of Fisheries, Olympia, WA.

Wicket, W.P. 1958. Review of certain environmental factors affecting the production of pink and chum salmon. Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 15: 11031126

Williams, R.W., Laramie, R.M., and Ames, J.J. 1975. A catolog of washington streams and salmon utilize tion, volume 1Puget Sound Region. Washington Department of Fisheries, Olympia, WA.

Witzel, L.D., and H.R. MacCrimmon. 1983. Reddsite selection by brook trout and brown trout in South western Ontario streams. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 112: 760771


PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XXIX 20072008 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT

SUMMARY OF 2007/2008 ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Several fisheries escapement and enhancement projects were continued or completed during the 20072008 season. Most of the following projects or studies are covered in more detail in this report. Other Puyallup tribal fisheries projects involving harvest, TFW, environmental, management, and habitat are covered in separate reports.

• Spring chinook spawning surveys in the upper White River above Mud Mountain Dam.

• Spring/Fall chinook spawning surveys in the Puyallup/lower White River Watershed.

• Bull Trout spawning and radio telemetry surveys along the White River / West Fork White River.

• Coho spawning surveys in the Puyallup/White River Watershed.

• Chum spawning surveys in the Puyallup/lower White River Watershed (downstream of RM 24.3).

• Winter steelhead spawning surveys in the Puyallup/White River Watershed.

• Juvenile salmonid production assessment project on the lower Puyallup River.

• Sampled and monitored adult salmonids at the USACE trapping facility on the White River.

• Monitored, sampled and evaluated the migration and survival of salmonids in Puget Sound Ener gys’ Electron fish bypass facility on the Puyallup River.

• Spring chinook acclimation project on upper White River Tributaries: Huckleberry Creek, Clearwater and Greenwater Rivers.

• Fall chinook acclimation project on the Puyallup River and Hylebos.

• Fall chinook hatchery production at Puyallup Tribe’s hatchery facility on Clarks Creek.

• Chum hatchery production at Puyallup Tribe’s hatchery facility on Diru Creek.

• Adult coho surplus plants in the upper Puyallup River: North Fork Puyallup River, Rushingwater and Deer Creeks.

• Collected wild broodstock for the White River winter steelhead supplementation project (2 nd year).


PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES Page XXX 20072008 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AUC: Area under the curve CB/NT: Commencement Bay/ Nearshore Tideflat CERCLA: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act CFS: Cubic Feet per Second CWT: Coded Wire Tag DIDSON: Dual Frequency Identification Sonar DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid (genetic sample) DNR: Department of Natural Resources EIS: Environmental Impact Statement ESA: Endangered Species Act GIS: Geographic Information Systems GPM: Gallons per Minute GPS: Global Positioning System LP: Lower Pond LWD: Large Woody Debris M: Marked fish (internal/external tags or fin clipped), Hatchery origin MMD: Mud Mountain Dam (USACE Facility) MGD: Million Gallons per Day MS222: Tricaine methanesulfonate (anesthetic) N/O: None Observed NOAA: National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration NOR: Natural Origin Recruit (Wild) NPS: National Park Service NTU: Nephelometric Turbidity Units NWIFC: Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission RM: River Mile RMZ: Riparian management Zone PIT: Passive Integrated Transponder (internal tag) PSE: Puget Sound Energy PTF: Puyallup Tribal Fisheries TFW: Timber, Fish and Wildlife U: Unmarked fish (no internal/external tags or fin clips), Wild UP: Upper Pond USACE: United States Army Corps of Engineers USFS: United States Forest Service WDFW: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife WRIA: Water Resource Inventory Area 0 (age): Subyearling, zero aged fish (less than one year old), young of the year 1+: Yearling (1 year + age fish)


PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 20072008 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 1

BOISE CREEK 10.0057

oise Creek is a significant tributary to the White River, converging with the White River at RM 23.5, just downstream of

where highway 410 crosses the river north of Buckley. In contrast to most of the Puyal lup/White River watershed which falls within Pierce County, Boise Creek lies within King Coun ty with much of the lower creek flowing south alongside the city of Enumclaw.

Boise Creek has often proven to be highly pro ductive tributary over the past several years de spite its numerous impairments. A good deal of the lower 4.5 miles of the creek provides suitable habitat for several anadromous and resident spe cies including spring and fall chinook, coho, pink, sockeye, steelhead and cutthroat trout. Although rare, chum have been observed, prior to 2002, in the lower 0.5 miles of the creek. In August of 2003, the city of Tacoma removed its 99 year old concrete pipeline crossing located at RM 23 on the White River. The concrete and rebar structure had long been suspected of injuring salmon and limiting up stream migration of weaker swimmers like chum salmon. The removal of the old concrete structure has resulted in increased number of chum salmon being able to access Boise Creek. During the 2005 season, 10 chum were observed in the lower 1.5

miles of the creek. Unfortunately, flows during the winter of 2006 were not conducive to surveying, so no chum surveys were conducted. However, 137 chum were captured in the USACE trap upstream from Boise Creek (4 in 2005; 14 in 2004).

A bedrock falls at RM 4.5 marks the upper ex tent of adult salmon and steelhead migration (top left). Cutthroat and rainbow trout have been ob served above the falls; although, no data is availa ble on the size or range of the population(s). Above the falls the gradient increases becoming a small cascade/steppool configuration. The channel up stream of the falls, to where Boise crosses under highway 410, was altered back in the mid 1930’s to accommodate for the construction of the highway. Beyond this, the creek passes through the old Weyerhauser mill site which is still a large source of sedimentary input.

Below the falls, Boise flows through a lower gradient rifflepool channel within dense second growth forest for approximately 0.2 miles, with numerous tailouts and quality gravel. Spawning densities for all species are often high within this section. Continuing downstream of the forested area is a low gradient reach flowing for approx imately 0.5 miles within the golf course in the city of Enumclaw (lower photo). The riparian zone alongside this section is exceptionally sparse; the banks are merely ripraped and bordered by main tained turf grass, blackberry and small deciduous trees. There is, however, a short section located within the golf course below RM 4.0 with an intact hardwood riparian zone. Spawning is noticeably

B

Pink Salmon in Boise Creek



reduced throughout the entire reach of the creek flowing within the open range of the golf course (bottom left photo). Downstream from the golf course, Boise Creek begins to flow through resi dential and agricultural lands. This more devel oped reach extends from approximately RM 3.7 down to RM 0.3; much of the stream along this stretch is incised to depths of 20 feet or more. Ex tensive tracts of land bordering Boise Creek below RM 3.5 are primarily used for maintaining cattle and other livestock.

Although spawning activity for all species oc curs throughout the entire 4.5 miles, approx ly 6570% of chinook, coho, and pink spawning oc cur above RM 2.4. From 1999 to 2007, an average of 63.8% (range 53.5%83.3%) of steelhead spawned above RM 2.4. During the 2005 season, the first significant numbers of chum salmon were observed in Boise Creek as high as RM 1.5. Boise has continued to support a large number of chi

nook spawners over the past several sons (20002006). Carcass sampling da ta shows that a nificant number of chinook, as high as 64% (in 2006), that spawn in Boise Creek are hatchery origin fall chinook. This corresponds with DNA sampling dies of chinook in the

White River; the study showed an approximately 60% falls and 40% spring chinook component in the lower river (below diversion dam at RM 24.3). The pink salmon returns to Boise in 2005 and 2007 were unprecedented. Estimate calculations put the actual escapement at nearly 16,000 fish in 2005, and nearly 28,000 in 2007. Spawning tunities for all species is dramatically reduced in the lower 0.3 miles of the creek. The gradient throughout this short stretch is steeper, the banks are confined by high steep walls, and the substrate consists of mostly boulders and large cobble.

Chinook, coho, and steelhead are especially vulnera ble to poaching and harassment in this urban stream. rounding al land use continues to impact channel conditions in Boise Creek. Other limiting factors affecting Boise include the loss of streamside vegetation, channel confinement and realignment, tempera ture and other water quality issues and LWD in puts.

Tremendous improvements to riparian condi tions are possible but require willing land owners, technical expertise and funding. Despite its many habitat related shortcomings, Boise Creek contin ues to support returns of wild steelhead, a re markable fact in light of the basinwide decline. over the past decade.

Boise Creek channel within the golf course.

Poached steelhead in Boise Creek.

Map showing the lower 4.5 miles of Boise Creek.



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2007 Boise Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing

LIVE

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REDDS

81

150

351

153

41 89

215

315

100

344

903

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35

28

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63

11 46

147 160

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Boise Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Season Comparisons (19942007)

LIVE DEAD REDDS



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2007 Boise Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing LIVE

DEAD

208

222

483

327

282

99

394

697

335

2,15

5

1,08

3

1,51

3

3,28

5

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12 90

43

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20

21 15

8

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108 25

1

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30 95

0

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Boise Creek Coho Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19932007) LIVE

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2007 Boise Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing

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Boise Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (20012007) LIVE

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2008 Boise Creek Steelhead Spawning Ground Counts

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56

18 18

74

32 27

16

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1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

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Boise Creek Steelhead Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19952008)

STEELHEAD REDDS



BUCKLEY: USACE FISH TRAP WHITE RIVER

almon, steelhead and char migrating to the upper White River and its headwaters, enter the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ (USACE)

fish trapping facility located at RM 24.3 near Buckley (top left photo). The Corps’ trapping facility is uniquely integrated into a diversion dam and flume intake that was, up until January 2004, used to divert water from the White River to generate power. Since PSE ceased power production, some measure of water has continued to be diverted from the White River to maintain the water levels and water quality in Lake Tapps. Engineering and development is currently underway way to replace the existing structure with a new diversion dam and fish trapping facility. The USACE facility offers unparalleled access to significant numbers of salmonids, which

has been invaluable tool for research, salmon recovery and escapement estimates. During the

months that salmon, steelhead and bull trout return to the upper White River, the USACE empties the trap daily, the trap is hoisted to a tanker truck, and fish are released from the trap into the truck. Fish are then transported above Mud Mountain Dam and released back into the White River at RM 33.6; four miles above the dam and about one mile below the confluence with the Clearwater River.

Species of salmonids captured in the trap in clude spring and fall chinook, coho, pink, sockeye, chum, steelhead and bull trout. Puyallup Tribe Fisheries staff samples the contents of the trap once a week throughout the entire year. Species sampled regularly include chinook, steelhead, sockeye, and bull trout. During the spring chi nook/sockeye/bull trout run (late May early Octo ber) PTF staff sample the trap 1 to 5 days per week; the frequency is dependent on the number of fish captured throughout the entire run. Steel head are sampled regularly by PTF staff from late January through June. All fish sampled are dip netted from the trap and placed into a 30 gallon stainless steel bin and anesthetized with MS222. All fish are examined for fin–clips and chinook are sampled for codedwire tags with a metal detector. Additional sampling includes measuring each fish for fork length and collection of DNA and scale samples from chinook, sockeye and char. DNA sampling in volves remov ing a small amount of the anal fin and preserving it in 95% ethanol (C2H5OH) for later analysis. In addition to DNA and scale samples, char are floy tagged and transported above Mud Mountain Dam (lower left). Wild steelhead are also transported above Mud Mountain dam, while hatchery steel head are returned back into the White River below the USACE trap as per agreement with the Muck leshoot Indian Tribe and the State of Washington.

S

Adult Bull Trout

Spring chinook on measuring scale



1,10

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431

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849

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Chinook Transported Above Mud Mountain Dam (19762007)

Wild (NOR) 2,844 44%

Acclimation Ponds, 1,722 , 26%

White River

Hatchery 1,967 30%

2007 Buckley Trap Chinook Returns N=6,533

Adults 2,777 98%

Jacks 67 2%

2007 Buckley Trap Wild (NOR's) Chinook N=2,844

Adults 1,674 97%

Jacks 48

3%

2007 Buckley Trap Acclimation Pond Returns N=1,721

Jacks 12 2%

3 year old 374 66%

4 year old 173 31%

5 year old 4

1%

2007 Buckley Trap Wild Chinook Age Composition N=563

Total number of Chinook captured in the USACE fish trap in cluding wild, acclimation and White River hatchery.

2007 Breakdown of adult and jack NOR’s (natural origin return) captured in the USACE fish trap.

2007 Breakdown of adult and jack acclimation pond chinook captured in the USACE fish trap.

2007 Age breakdown of wild adult and jack chinook captured in the USACE fish trap.



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739

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Adult Coho Transported Above Mud Mountain Dam (19412007)

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Bull Trout Captured and Transported Above Mud Mountain Dam (19992008)

2008 data indicates the number of bull trout transported through July 31 st .



437

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1 26

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Adult Steelhead Transported Above Mud Mountain Dam (19412008)

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Adult Sockeye, Pink, and Chum Transported Above Mud Mountain Dam (19802007)

Sockeye Pink Chum

The above graph details the number of steelhead transported above Mud Mountain Dam. Additional steelhead captured in the trap since 2006 were utilized as broodstock for the White River steelhead supplementation pilot project; bringing the total escapements for the past three years to: 163 (2006), 303 (2007), and 207 (2008).



CANYON CREEK

anyon creek is a small tributary within the larger 12.1 mi 2 Clear Creek Basin (10.0022). The Clear Creek Basin drains the plateaus

and flatlands running along the southern valley of the lower Puyallup River, just west of the city of Puyallup. Canyon Creek doesn’t appear on the hy drology of most common mapping systems, includ ing USGS Quads. Furthermore, it is not listed in the WRIA catalog of streams for area 10 and has not been assigned a designated WRIA number.

Little stream complexity exists within Canyon Creek, and seasonal flows are rarely, if ever, ade quate to allow access for adult chinook or steelhead to spawn. However, it is highly likely that juveniles from adult spawners in Clear and Swan Creeks util ize Canyon Creek, especially for foraging and over wintering. There is often an abundance of chum fry during the spring, as well as coho fry throughout

spring and summer for juvenile chinook, steelhead, and cutthroat to feed on. Adult fluvial bull trout are also known to forage in the smaller tributaries of the lower Puyallup, including Canyon Creek.

Chum salmon are the only species observed spawning in significant numbers from late Novem ber through January. Adult coho are periodically seen in the same reach as chum, but no surveys are conducted for coho by the Puyallup Tribe given that their escapement numbers are extremely low. Can yon lacks any real habitat complexity such as LWD, off channel habitat or variation in stream channel type. The greater part of the lower reach of the creek consists of a flat low gradient channel with few hydraulic breaks. However, there are approx imately 450 feet of suitable spawning habitat in Canyon Creek, this section flows along Canyon road upstream of Pioneer Way (left photo). Nonetheless, this diminutive stretch has proven to be highly pro ductive for chum over the past several seasons.

The channel gradient increases substantially above the culvert crossing under Canyon Road. The culvert itself doesn’t appear to be a hindrance to chum, since they are often observed spawning on the fine gravel within the culvert. However, the steep gradient above the culvert does impede chum, as no fish are observed above the culvert during the peak of the run.

The main channel above the culvert (below) has been engineered with the placement of log weirs to retain gravel. They appear to be only moderately effective because the amount of fines in the entire reach is excessive. Downstream of Pioneer, the channel substrate consists of fine sand and extreme ly compacted small gravel. Storm and ground water runoff along the East side of Canyon Road flows into Canyon Creek next to the downstream end of the culvert. Large num bers of chum are often drawn up this small drainage channel during high water events, only to be stranded in thick deep mud and sediment when the instream flow diminishes.

C



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2007 Canyon Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing LIVE

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21 46

172

343

280

335

99

43 66

292

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393

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59

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Canyon Creek Chum Salmon Seasonal Comparisons (20012007)

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CANYONFALLS CREEK 10.0410

anyonfalls Creek is a small tributary enter ing the Puyallup River at approximately RM 16.2, near the town of McMillin (north of

Orting). Canyonfalls is primarily a spring fed stream that has relatively consistent instream flows, even in late summer. Although the stream length is three mile, nearly all spawning activity for species common to the creek takes place below the culvert under McCutcheon Rd. at RM 0.5. The gra dient quickly increases above the culvert, but there are several pockets of usable spawning gravel just upstream of the culvert. In 2003, a large cement box culvert replaced the old culvert under McCut cheon Road.

Approximately 400 feet upstream of the culvert, the creek rapidly climbs nearly 300 feet in elevation to where it’s discharged from a privately owned hat chery (Trout Lodge). The creek is diverted to meet the needs of raising trout for planting in regional lakes. Above the hatchery the creek continues to climb through a forested area.

As mentioned, the lower anadromous reach of the creek extends downstream of McCutcheon road; the substrate is a combination of sand and gravel within a low gradient poolrifle channel. In the summer of 2002, 220 cubic yards of 1 to 3 inch spawning quality drain rock was deposited directly

downstream of the McCutcheon road culvert. The rock was distributed along an approximately 0.2 mile stretch of the creek. The rock was deposited as a result of a settlement agreement between the Puyallup Tribe and Fennel Resources which has a gravel mining operation located on Fennel Creek. Nearly all spawning activity observed occurs within this short 0.2 mile stretch of the creek. Below this point the substrate consists primarily of fines, which is more typical for this stream type, but un fortunately is unsuitable for spawning. The ripa rian area is primarily alder and salmonberry. The vegetation along the right bank is limited due to the extremely close proximity of McCutcheon Rd. Ca nyonfalls Creeks also benefits from small amounts of woody debris inputs (left photo), as well as excel lent coho habitat created from frequent beaver ac tivity. Although in 2004, a beaver dam below the survey reach prevented chinook from accessing the upper section of Canyonfalls.

Chinook, coho and chum are the most prevalent species observed spawning in the creek. Predomi nantly coho juveniles and fry are present in the creek year round, and are often observed during adult spawning surveys (chum and pink migrate to marine waters soon after emerging from the gravel). In addition to these key species, pink salmon were also observed in 2003, 2005 and 2007. In the past, steelhead were documented spawning in the creek on a consistent annual basis. Unfortunately, simi lar to many streams within the Puyallup and White River Watershed, few live steelhead or signs of spawning activity have been observed over the past several years. Bull trout utilization within this spring fed drainage is unknown; however, adult bull trout have been caught by sport anglers in the Puyallup River near the confluence with Canyon falls. Spawning activity by bull trout has not been documented, yet Canyonfalls does offer excel lent foraging and overwinter ing opportuni ties for all spe cies including bull trout.

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6

1

2

3

4 4 4

2

7

1 1

2

6

2

3

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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

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Canyonfalls Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19972007)

LIVE

DEAD

REDDS

65

30

69

28

1

16

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2001 2003 2005 2007

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Canyonfalls Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (20012007)

LIVE

DEAD



2007 Canyonfalls Creek coho graphs were generated using survey data collected by WDFW.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

9/27/07 10/5/07 10/22/07 10/30/07 11/6/07 11/13/07 11/20/07 11/27/07 12/7/07 12/17/07

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DATE SURVEYED

2007 Canyonfalls Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing

LIVE

DEAD

28 28

46

35

39

44

56

36

10

1

6 9

7 9

5

12

5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

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Canyonfalls Creek Coho Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19992007)

LIVE

DEAD



2007 Canyonfalls Creek chum graphs were generated using survey data collected by WDFW.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

11/27/07 12/7/078 12/17/07 12/27/07 1/4/08 1/10/08 1/17/08 1/24/08

NU

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2007 Canyonfalls Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing

LIVE

DEAD

407

246

96

178

108

632

289

981

398

69

289 232

557

327

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

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Canyonfalls Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19992007)

LIVE

DEAD



CARBON RIVER 10.0413

he Carbon River is a major tributary of the Puyallup River, entering the Puyallup at RM 17.9; just north of the city of Orting. The

Carbon River and its associated tributaries provide excellent spawning and rearing opportunities for salmon, steelhead, and bull trout. In the past, steelhead have been documented as high as the Mt. Rainier National Park boundary. However, the ma jority of spawning for all species within this drai nage, with the exception of bull trout, occurs in South Prairie Creek and the lower 11 miles of the mainstem Carbon. The lower 3 miles of the Carbon River are constrained by earthen levees. Failures along this levee system during the November 2006

flood event reinforces the need for levee setbacks, which would help address the need for

improved fish habitat and increase the flood basin within this drainage. Currently, the lower river channel varies considerably in width, but averages approximately 300 ft. The resulting channel is only moderately diverse with a pool riffle character. Spawning gravel exists in limited quantities and is utilized by all species of salmonids present, al though not in the numbers observed in the upper reaches. From RM 3.0 to the mouth of South Prai rie Creek at RM 6.0, the river is constrained by a levee along the south bank. Large natural bluffs hold the Carbon along its northern bank allowing the river to migrate over a channel of up to 0.5 miles wide. This reach contains multiple channels and many woody debris jams throughout its length. The spawning and rearing habitat is more improved throughout this reach and the highest spawning densities of all species are observed along this stretch of river.

The reach above South Prairie Creek, from RM 6.0 to 8.5, is again constrained by both levees and bluffs on the north side. This reach has a slightly higher gradient than the lower river and as a result contains less spawning habitat. There are portions that are utilized by chinook and steelhead, but not in the densities observed in the reach above Voight Creek (RM 4.0). Above RM 8.5, the Carbon River flows through a narrow canyon for several miles be fore becoming unconstrained below the Mt. Rainier National Park boundary. This canyon reach sup ports chinook and steelhead spawning, however, chum and pink sal mon have not been observed above RM 8.0

The Mt. Raini er National Park boundary is located at RM 23 (lower left photo). From the park boundary, up to approximately RM 26, the gradient remains low enough to provide some spawning opportunities along channel mar gins and pool tailouts. Several small and moderate

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The upper Carbon River (photo 2)

The Carbon glacier (photo 3)

The lower Carbon River (photo 1).



debris jams occur throughout this reach. Above this, the gradient gradually increases to the termi nus of the Carbon glacier (previous page lower right). There is less braiding in this section and the substrate is considerably larger providing far fewer spawning opportunities.

Several primary tributaries of the Carbon River providing critical habitat for fish include South Prairie Creek, Voight Creek, Ranger and Ipsut Creeks. South Prairie Creek is the largest tributary of the Carbon River, entering the Carbon near RM 6. South Prairie Creek is considered one of the most productive streams in the Puyallup/White River wa tershed and is one of the index streams in the Puyallup watershed surveyed for chinook, pink and steelhead by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Puyallup Tribe Fisheries staff surveys the creek in winter for chum. From RM 0.0 to RM 12.6 the stream is poolriffle in character with many deep pools and a few higher gradient cascades. Spawning gravel is excellent and plentiful through out this stretch. Above river mile 12.6, the stream is higher gradient and moderately to extremely con fined within a deep canyon. Upstream migration is blocked at approximately RM. 15 by a large bedrock cascade. Spawning gravel becomes scarce in this upper reach and many heavily scoured bedrock sec tions exist.

Chinook spawning occurs primarily in the lower 8 miles, while coho show increased usage in the middle and upper sections of the anadromous reach. Chum utilize the lower 3 miles heavily but have been observed well above RM 10. Steelhead utilize the entire stream below the falls with reduced usage in the canyon reach below the falls.

The riparian zone changes dramatically over the 15 miles of anadromous stream. The upper canyon reach flows through a commercial forest and streamside vegetation consists of second growth fir and alder. Buffer widths along recent harvest areas are generally wider than the state regulated mini mum due to steep, potentially unstable slopes along the canyon. From there to RM 6.0 the riparian zone is relatively intact, consisting of mature hardwoods with some fir. Occasional residential development exists along this reach. Wilkeson Creek (10.0432), a major tributary to South Prairie, enters at approx

imately RM 6.7. Below this point, to the confluence, there exists many diked reaches and streamside res idential development is common. Much of the lower 6 miles flows through active agricultural land. Ald er and cottonwood are the most common streamside tree species.

Voight Creek is a tributary to the lower Carbon River, entering the Carbon at RM 4.0. Voight is cur rently only surveyed for steelhead due to the pres ence of a state salmon hatchery at RM 0.5. There are just less than 4 miles of anadromous habitat availa ble in Voight Creek, an impassable falls at RM 3.9 blocks any further upstream migration. Steelhead are often observed spawning throughout the entire creek, right up to the falls. Unfortunately, steelhead escapement in Voight Creek has fallen dramatically over the past few years. During higher autumn flows, coho, and occasionally chinook, easily bypass the hatchery and spawn throughout the entire creek up to the falls. The stream channel varies in com plexity from wide, braided channels, to confined nar row gorges. Nearly the entire 3.9 miles below the falls contains excellent, although somewhat sporadic patches of gravel within a moderate gradient stream channel. However, below the water intake for the state hatchery at RM 1.0 the gradient decreases, the substrate size is more consistent although smaller and somewhat compacted. The riparian zone is a mix of 2nd growth conifer and deciduous trees. There is a moderate amount of small and medium woody debris recruited, and minute amounts of LWD present, what little is present is generally quite old.

Ranger Creek is a small left bank tributary of the Upper Carbon River. Ranger is an excellent salmonid stream in many ways; it has approximate ly 0.5 miles of anadromous habitat and is located entirely within Mt. Rainier National Park. The ri parian zone consists of old growth cedar, fir and hemlock which contribute essential woody debris and diversity to the channel. The lower 0.4 miles are low gradient with several deep pools, small but plentiful gravel exists throughout the reach. Above 0.4 miles the gradient increases significantly.

Ipsut Creek is a moderate gradient left bank tri butary to the Upper Carbon River. Ipsut is pristine in many ways; it has approximately 0.7 miles of anadromous habitat and is located entirely within



Mt. Rainier National Park. The riparian zone con sists of old growth cedar, fir and hemlock which con tribute large amounts of woody debris and diversity to the channel. There is a large falls located at ap proximately RM 0.7, which is a barrier to any fur ther upstream migration. Ipsut Creek campground is located along the lower stretch of the creek at RM 0.2. The Carbon River road bridge also crosses the creek at the campground site.

Ipsut has been surveyed for chinook, coho, head and bull trout, yet no salmon or redds have been observed. However, Ipsut does host a population of cutthroat trout, as do many of the upper butaries in the park. Reasons for the sence of anadromous fish are likely related to the stream’s location high within the basin, and the general lack of suitable spawning vel. Much of the strate within the lower fish accessible reach consists of flat angular stones. Bull trout usage has been mented by National Park Service biologists.

Winter steelhead stocks have been in se rious decline for the past several years. Tribal and state ries managers are rently working on a covery plan to improve future steelhead turns and hope to plement this plan in the next few years. Continuing efforts are

being made by the tribe and WDFW to increase and expand the survey coverage area in order to improve escapement estimates. During the 2005, 2006, and 2008 steelhead survey season, WDFW biologists and Puyallup Tribe fisheries staff increased the survey coverage along the Carbon by making regular heli copter surveys of the river from the NPS boundary at RM 23, to its confluence with the Puyallup River.

Carbon River Drainage



The 2008 redd data is incomplete due to extremely poor survey condition which prevented a regular full season of surveys.

849

660

1,09

1

3,28

9

2,86

5

3,22

5

2,70

7

2,22

6

260

2,50

9

1,50

3

2,12

3

811

2,51

3

647

483

305

541

565

1,12

4

1,23

4

2,49

8 2,62

5

2,14

9

855

217

899 1,

044

599

944

1,86

8

624

125

14

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

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Carbon River Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19912007)

LIVE

DEAD

49

5 4

21

54

29

8 7 6 8

12

5 3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

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Carbon River Steelhead Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisins (19952008)

STEELHEAD REDDS



CLARKS CREEK 10.0027

larks Creek is an urban tributary of the low er Puyallup River, entering the Puyallup at RM 5.8. The Clarks Creek Basin drains the

plateaus and flatlands running along the southern valley of the lower Puyallup River, just west of the city of Puyallup. The basin drains a 13 mi 2 area, with an average flow of nearly 60 cfs (Basin Gauge #12102075). Clarks has several smaller tributaries, including Diru and Rody Creeks; both of which are salmon bearing streams supporting chinook, coho, chum, steelhead and bull trout. Woodland Creek and Meeker Ditch contribute additional flow. Sev eral salmonid species are known to utilize Clarks Creeks for spawning, rearing and foraging. These include ESA threatened chinook, steelhead and bull trout, as well as nonlisted species including coho, pink, chum and cutthroat trout. Brown trout, a nonnative species is also present in the basin.

Several of the fish and habitat limiting factors involved with Clarks include; channel confinement, complete fish barriers, no offchannel habitat, flood ing and channel erosion, absent or deficient riparian cover, water quality (pH & bacteria), conveyance of storm water runoff, and the significant growth of elodea (Elodea canadensis). In addition, there is considerable development along the creek; primarily rural residential.

The lower anadromous reach of Clarks is a low gradient springfed stream (Maplewood Springs) with a poolriffle character. The surveyed reach of the Clarks Creek (RM 3.4 to 3.7) provides abundant spawning opportunities for all species; however, fur ther upstream, fish migration is blocked by a dam at RM 3.7. Consequently, the dam also prevents the fluvial movement of gravel downstream to critical spawning areas.

Salmonberry, maple, and alder dominate the overstory riparian zone along much of the upper surveyed reach. The remaining stream channel be low the surveyed reach (RM 3.4) contains little gra vel and the substrate consists of fine sand and mud, subsequently, little or no spawning has been ob served below this point. The Washington Depart ment of Fish and Wildlife operates a fish hatchery near the barrier dam on Clarks. The state operated hatchery raises trout for stocking local lakes. Gra vel was introduced into the channel from RM 3.5 to 3.7 in the fall of 1997 and again in the summer of 1999. In addition to gravel inputs, several log weirs have been placed above the interpretive bridge (left photo) to aid in gravel retention. This has greatly enhances the spawning opportunities for chinook, pink, coho and chum salmon. Unfortunately, adult steelhead spawning activity has seldom been ob served in Clarks Creek since 1997. However, steel head are occasionally captured or observed in tribu taries of Clarks.

Due to the limited amount of available spawning habitat, increased spawning densities of chinook and chum have resulted in a high amount of redd superimposition throughout this short reach. There is often an abundance of chum fry during the spring (pink fry during odd years), as well as coho and chi nook fry throughout spring and summer for cutth roat and juvenile chinook to feed on. Adult fluvial bull trout are also known to forage in the smaller tributaries of the lower Puyallup, including Clarks.

The Puyallup tribe completed construction of a fall chinook salmon hatchery on Clarks Creek (RM 1.0) in the spring of 2004. The hatchery was con structed in order to address several fish manage ment issues, one of which includes minimizing the straying of adult fall chinook reared by the tribe.

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9/13/07 9/27/07 10/4/07 10/15/07 10/24/07

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2007 Clarks Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing

LIVE DEAD REDDS

16

131 14

5

103

46 63

96 11

6

289

101

42

22

109

533

10

87 93

58

38 59

78

191

319

103

27 50

53

137

10

100

74

12

10 34

35 50

78

30

18

11 34

11

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

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Clarks Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19942007)

LIVE DEAD REDDS

Note: A high proportion of the chinook observed in 2007, were jacks.



14

11

26

24

24

46

8

2

107

5 4

8

3

6 5

22

43

27

7

1

6 4 3

82

2 2

9

5

1 2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

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Clarks Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19932007)

LIVE

DEAD



0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

11/28/07 12/7/07 12/17/07 12/27/07 1/7/08 1/17/08

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2007 Clarks Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing

LIVE

DEAD 31

1

97 136

531

374 52

8

215

675

403

198

390

936

628

1,17

4

1,20

7

1,04

0

544

411

163 24

6

479

352

255

254

633

352

237

866

2,43

3

794

1,55

2

2,06

7

864

466

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

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Clarks Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19912007) LIVE

DEAD



CLARKS CREEK Puyallup Tribal Salmon Hatchery

he Puyallup Tribe of Indians Clarks Creek Salmon Hatchery is located at RM 1 on Clarks Creek (10.0027), a tributary to the

Puyallup River. The Clarks Creek hatchery (below) was constructed in order to address several fish management, and water supply issues including; minimizing the straying of adult fall chinook reared by the tribe; providing space for rearing and accli mating White River spring chinook, chum and win ter steelhead if necessary; creating an independent and self sustaining fall and spring chinook program for the tribe; as well as, providing a reliable water supply to rear and expand fish production.

Water is supplied from five vertical turbine pumps, each 20horsepower. Each pump has a flow capacity of 1,600 gpm. Each pump is capable of supplying one of four ponds with approximately 3.6 cfs. Each of the four ponds has approximately 12,000+ cubic feet of water volume, two ponds are concrete lined and designed to hold adult and juve niles, while the other two are natural acclimation ponds.

In addition, the Puyallup Tribe operates seven acclimation ponds in the Puyallup Watershed.

Three of the acclimation ponds are used for reintro ducing fall chinook and coho into a 30mile reach in the Upper Puyallup River above Electron Dam. A fish ladder was constructed and completed in fall of 2000; for 97 years prior to the completion of the fish ladder the Electron Diversion Dam had been an anadromous barrier. Four other acclimation ponds are located in the Upper White River drainage. These ponds are used for reintroducing White River spring chinook back into their endemic range. All ponds have approximately 10,000 cubic feet of rear ing space and between 1 to 3 cubic feet per second flow. A new 35,000 cu. ft. spring chinook acclima tion pond was completed in the summer of 2007 near George Creek. Capable of holding over 500,000 spring chinook, the construction of the ac climation pond was funded by the City of Tacoma as a result of a mitigation settlement

The Puyallup Tribe’s restoration goal is to re build depressed chinook stocks and remove them from ESA listing. Using acclimation ponds, limiting harvest, and making substantial gains in habitat restoration, the tribe will be able to accomplish this task. Levee setbacks, oxbow reconnections both in ter tidal and upland, Commencement Bay cleanup, and harvest cutbacks have already been initiated. Only the jumpstarting of chinook in habitat areas devoid of fish has remained one of our biggest chal lenges. Acclimation ponds are a proven method in increasing fish numbers on the spawning grounds. Hatchery rearing 200,000 fall chinook for release on station and 200,000 for acclimation ponds in the upper Puyallup River for a combined 6,857 pounds of fish. Historically, fall chinook have been reared since 1980 with a variety of stocks, goals, and objec tives. Spring Chinook Hatchery Production

The fiveacclimation ponds the Puyallup Tribe operates are satellite facilities to the White River

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Clarks Creek salmon hatchery



and Minter Creek Hatcheries spring chinook hat cheries. The acclimation ponds are located in the upper White River watershed on the Clearwater River, Cripple Creek (currently non operational), two ponds on Huckleberry Creek, and the newly constructed Greenwater River pond near George Creek. Production levels vary, but average around 400,000+ smolts; however, numbers of available smolts fluctuates based on available brood stock. They have a rearing capacity of approximately 837,000 zero age smolts (less than 1 year old).

Current Fall Chinook Hatchery Production In 2004, the Puyallup Tribal Fisheries Depart

ment began acclimating and releasing fall chinook from the Clarks Creek facility, dis continuing all chi nook releases from the Diru Creek hat chery. Adult and jack chinook begin moving into the hat chery holding pond in September, and continue to arrive well into late Octo ber. Ripe (ready to

spawn) adults are collected 23 times a week. Eggs and sperm, at a 1maleto1 female ratio, are mixed in a small bucket to induce fertilization (above). Once the eggs have been fertilized, they are placed into an incubator tray until they hatch. In early 2005, construction of a new incubation building was completed at Clarks Creek. The incubation building houses 32 incubator stack capable of holding up to 77,000 chinook eggs, for a total capacity of approx imately 2.5 million eggs (lower left). Once fish are

ready to be moved from the incubators, they can be place in one of the 16 alumi num raceway troughs and hand feeding

can begin (upper right). The troughs are 16 feet in length with a flow rate of up to 25 gpm. When the fish are approx imately 500/lbs., they are transferred to one of the cement lined ponds.

Holding the chinook in the cement pond is only temporary until they are up to a large enough size, usually sometime during late March to early April, to be massed marked with an automated tagger (lower right). The automated fish tagging trailer is operated by the Northwest Indian Fisheries Com mission (NWIFC) out of Olympia. A proportion of the young chinook are implanted with a coded wire tag (CWT) and the adipose fin is removed. The re maining fish are all massed marked by removing the adipose fin only. The markings and CWT’s will be used to identify these chinook as hatchery origin fish in the future when they return to the hatchery, are caught by fisherman, or are observed on the spawning grounds. The CWT is in scribed with a specific code that will identi fy the particu lar hatchery where the fish was tagged. Once tagged, the fish are planted in one of the two natural acclimation ponds. The young chinook are fed regularly to increase their size until they are ready to be released into the creek in late May or early June.

Egg incubators

Raceway troughs

Automated fish taggers



97

15

30

155

29 30

1 12

22 12

29

8 0

196

75

126

175

50

12

0

50

100

150

200

250

10Sep07 18Sep07 25Sep07 2Oct07 9Oct07 16Oct07 22Oct07

NU

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OK

DATE

2007 Fall Chinook Return @ Clarks Creek Hatchery Males

Females

Jacks

1,73

8,59

9

1,22

9,96

0

1,23

5,32

8

990,

690

1,92

7,97

0

1,29

5,73

9

1,77

4,28

0 2,13

5,12

5

2,38

5,22

0

1,76

3,13

7

2,33

0,99

6

487,

990

2,31

5,09

0

2,49

4,89

4

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

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SMO

LTS

RE

LEA

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YEAR PLANTED

Diru Creek Chum Salmon Smolt Releases (19952008)

CHUM SMOLTS



CLEAR CREEK 10.0022

lear Creek is a left bank tributary to the lower Puyallup River, joining with the Puyallup at RM 2.9. The Clear Creek Basin

(12.1 mi 2 ) drains the plateaus and flatlands running along the southern valley of the lower Puyallup Riv er, between the cities of Puyallup and Tacoma. Clear Creek has three main tributaries which in clude; Swan Creek entering at RM 0.2 on the left bank, Squally Creek entering at RM 1.4 on the left bank, Canyon Creek at RM 1.6, and an unnamed tributary entering at RM 3.05 on the right bank. Only Swan, Squally and Canyon Creeks tributaries are accessible to adult salmon.

Several salmonid species are known to utilize Clear Creeks for spawning, rearing and foraging. This includes ESA threatened chinook, steelhead and bull trout, as well as nonlisted species includ ing coho, pink, chum and cutthroat trout. Some of the limiting factors involved with Clear Creek in clude; low flows, channel confinement, an anadrom ous barrier, lack of spawning habitat, aquatic nox ious weeds, flooding and channel erosion, con veyance of storm water runoff, water quality (dis solved oxygen & bacteria); as well as, absent or poor riparian cover.

Clear Creek flows as a moderate gradient pool riffle stream above Pioneer Way before paralleling the road for several hundred feet. The upper ana dromous reach contains good spawning gravel from RM 1.7 to 1.9. Although a significant section of the

riparian area is not intact, there are undercut banks and moderate amounts of instream cover. A high density of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) and other vegetation chokes approximately 300 feet of the spawning channel every summer; effectively trapping a significant amount of fine sediment which covers the available spawning gravel by sev eral inches.

An anadromous blockage in the form of a cement diversion dam is located at RM 1.9 (top left), the dam is in place to ensures pathogen free water for hatchery raised rainbow trout at the Trout lodge facility; a private trout farm located along Clear Creek. Consequently, this also prevents the fluvial movement of gravel downstream to critical spawn ing areas. The reach above the dam is not surveyed; however, suitable spawning habitat does exist and could be utilized if access were established. The draw off of water by the hatchery, specifically dur ing the summer and fall seasons, significantly re duces the water throughout the bypass reach. The bypass reach is the section of stream from the water intake for the hatchery, to its discharge point down stream. Chinook are often observed holding in a large pool located at the hatchery discharge outlet. Unfortunately, the low flows resulting from the hat chery draw regularly prevent chinook from access ing the bypass reach where suitable spawning habi tat is available.

Late fall and winter flows are regularly sufficient for chum (right) to spawn each year in the 0.2 miles of available habitat below the dam at RM 1.9. Adult steelhead and coho also utilize Clear Creek; howev er, escapement for theses two species is low.

The lower Puyallup tributaries often experience an abundance of chum fry during the spring, as well as coho fry throughout spring and summer for cutthroat, steelhead, and juvenile chinook to feed on. Adult fluvial bull trout are also known to forage in the smaller tributaries of the lower Puyallup, including Clear Creek. Although bull trout spawning activity has not been documented, Clear Creek does offer excellent foraging and overwintering opportunities for bull trout and other salmonid species.

C



1

17

3

26

14

8

22

2

11

8

1

21

5

8

11 10

7 8

9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NU

MB

ER

OB

SER

VE

D

SEASON SURVEYED

Clear Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19992007)

LIVE

DEAD

REDDS

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Aug 1525 Aug 26Sept 5 Sept 6Sept 15 Sept 16Sept 25 Sept 26Oct 5 Oct 6Oct 15 Oct 16Oct 25 Oct 26Nov 5

NU

MB

ER

OF

FISH

OB

SER

VE

D

DATE

Clear Creek Chinook Run Timing (20022007) 2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002



0

50

100

150

200

250

11/8/07 11/20/07 11/29/07 12/6/07 12/13/07 12/27/07 1/7/08 1/17/08

NU

MB

ER

OB

SER

VE

D

DATE SURVEYED

2007 Clear Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing

LIVE

DEAD 4

122

131

110 16

3

303

201

478

233

788

1,08

8

426

796

479

0

83

29 50

114

196 26

0

460

340

642 68

0

276

436

166

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NU

MB

ER

OB

SER

VE

D

SEASON SURVEYED

Clear Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19942007) LIVE

DEAD



CLEARWATER RIVER 10.0080

he Clearwater River is a large tributary to the Upper White River, draining an area of nearly 40 mi 2 . The Clearwater is a non

glacial river and originates on Bear Head Moun tain, just west of the White River (south of Green water). From Bear Head Mountain, the river flows just over 10.5 miles to its confluence with the White River at RM 35.3. The upper 5 miles of the river runs through a steep narrow channel within the Snoqualmie National Forest. The lower 5.5 miles of the Clearwater, flows within a broader val ley plain located within the privately owned White River tree farm (Hancock).

Limited amounts of LWD are present in the lower channel, and much of what is present is un dersized or hardwood in origin. There are a series of cascades just above Lyle Creek at approximately RM 4.5; these cascades are considered a block to further upstream migration. However, much of the spawning takes place in the lower 2 miles of the river, although fish and redds are often observed and documented in the upper reaches later in the season.

The substrate throughout much of the lower reach of the river consists of small cobbles and flat angular stone, with smaller spawning size gravel in the many of the lower gradient riffles and tail outs. The riparian area is primarily second growth conifer forest; however, recent clear cutting is evi dent along several areas of the upper and lower survey reach. The Clearwater River host several tributaries; including, Falls, Mineral, Byron, Lyle, Lilly, and Milky Creeks. There is some limited co ho and pink spawning in both Byron and Mineral Creeks. Mineral Creek is also the water source used for the spring chinook acclimation pond lo cated along the Clearwater River (see map on next page).

Some of the habitat and fish limiting factors as sociated with the Clearwater River include, water quality issues, timber harvesting (heavier silt load introduction) and channel confinement by logging roads which continues to affected the rivers natural morphology. Channel confinement has reduced the adequacy of off channel habitat critical for adult spawning, as well as overwintering for juvenile chinook, steelhead and coho. In addition, low in stream flows are often encountered during the late summer and early fall, often preventing chinook from advancing beyond the lower 1 or 2 miles of the river to spawn. Chinook, pink and coho are often seen holding in pools in the lower river for ex tended periods of time before increased flows allow further upstream migration. Despite these short comings, the Clearwater River continues to support a substantial number of chinook, coho, pink and steelhead spawners.

It’s important to note that all adult salmon and steelhead that spawn in the Clearwater River were captured at the USACE fish trap in Buckley, and transported above Mud Mountain dam. Since precise escapement numbers for the upper White River drainage are known,

T

Pink salmon carcasses along the bank.



surveys are conducted to determine fish distribu tion and spawning success. This is especially im portant regarding spring chinook, since adult pro duction monitoring is part of the White River spring chinook recovery plan. Puyallup tribal fi sheries biologists survey the Clearwater annually for chinook, coho and pink salmon. Coho have been observed in the Clearwater since surveys began for chinook in 1991, but were not surveyed for until

2002. Coho survey data is often incomplete be cause it’s often difficult to survey the river when late autumn and winter flows increase. The first pink salmon surveys were conducted beginning in 2003 and continued in 2005 and 2007 (bottom photo on previous page). Prior to 2003 few or no pinks were captured at the Buckley trap. Biologists with WDFW, regularly survey the Clearwater for steelhead in the spring.

As part of the spring chinook recov ery plan, the Puyal lup Tribe has operat ed a spring chinook acclimation pond lo cated at RM 3.2 since 1995. Approximately 200,000 plus spring chinook from the Muckleshoot White River hatchery are transported to the Clearwater pond in early spring, and re leased in late May. All fish are mass marked with left or right ventral fin clips. Odd brood years are marked with left ventral clips, and even years with right ventral clips. These acclima tion pond fish are easily identified in the future when caught as adults or jacks at the USACE fish trap in Buckley, and can be passed above Mud Mountain dam to spawn natu rally.

Map of the Clearwater River



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

8/28/07 9/14/07 10/1/07 10/11/07 10/23/07

NU

MB

ER

OB

SER

VE

D

DATE SURVEYED

2007 Clearwater River Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing

LIVE

DEAD

REDDS

87

140

29

30

26

272 278

73

145

231

222

274

125

27

76

20

7 6

70

72

18

78

60

61

53

43

31

78

25

18

17

80 99

29

33

125

47

121

19

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NU

MB

ER

OB

SER

VE

D

SEASON SURVEYED

Clearwater River Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19952007)

LIVE

DEAD

REDDS



0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Aug 1525 Aug 26Sept 5 Sept 6Sept 15 Sept 16Sept 25 Sept 26Oct 5 Oct 6Oct 15 Oct 16Oct 25 Oct 26Nov 5

NU

MB

ER

OF

FISH

OB

SER

VE

D

DATE

Clearwater River Chinook Run Timing (20002007) 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

7

63 60 60

53

42

6 2 2

10

1 4 2

46

55 51

32

38

1 5 3

19

4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NU

MB

ER

OF

CH

INO

OK

SEASON SURVEYED

Clearwater River Chinook Salmon Carcass Sampling Results (20022007)

CARCASSES SAMPLED

CHINOOK WITH CODED WIRE TAG & ADIPOSE CLIP (FALL/HATCHERY ORIGIN) CHINOOK WITH ADIPOSE CLIP ONLY (HATCHERY ORIGIN)

WILD UNMARKED

ACCLIMATION POND (VENTRAL CLIP)



Approximately 200,000 plus spring chinook from the Muckleshoot White River hatchery are transported to the Clearwater pond in early spring, and then released in late May. All fish are mass marked with left or right ventral fin clips. Odd brood years are marked with left ventral clips, and even years with right ventral clips.

All survey data for Clearwater steelhead was collected by WDFW biologists.

72,6

00

149,

980

226,

500

32,3

00

198,

800 23

7,90

0

199,

000 23

7,80

0

247,

891

166,

550

401,

245

217,

000

120,

393

207,

870

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Num

ber

of S

prin

g C

hino

ok R

elea

sed

Year

Clearwater River Juvenile Spring Chinook Acclimation Pond and River Plants (19952008)

Acclimation Pond Plants River Plants

12

105

89

56 58

77

29

19

83

22

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

NU

MB

ER

OB

SER

VE

D

SEASON SURVEYED

Clearwater River Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (19992008)

STEELHEAD REDDS



COAL MINE CREEK 10.0432A

oal Mine Creek is a small tributary to Wilke son Creek (10.0432), entering Wilkeson near RM 5.7 just south of the town of Wilkeson.

Wilkeson Creek in turn is a major tributary to South Prairie Creek (10.0429). Coal Mine is one of 5 index streams in the Puyallup watershed that are surveyed for coho by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. State biologists use the coho es capement from five “Index” tributaries (Coal Mine, Spiketon, Fiske, Fennel and Canyonfalls Creeks) to estimate the total escapement for the Puyallup Riv er. Surveys of the creek have not documented adult chinook or steelhead spawning in the stream. Low instream seasonal flows in Wilkeson, as well as Coal Mine, are likely the strongest limiting factor pre venting these species from reaching the stream to spawn. Although not consistent, chum are occasio nally chum are seen spawning in Coal Mine in De cember.

Coal Mine is a small order short run stream with moderately low gradient; making it somewhat ideal for coho and chum. Unfortunately, several portions of the creek have inadequate riparian cover, little or no instream woody debris, and minimal natural bank protection, yet the creek does provide some suitable spawning habitat for coho and chum. Mod erate amounts of development exist along the lower

0.5 mile section of the creek; consisting primarily of private family homes, public and private roads, as well as a rock quarry and public school. The creek flows through a fish passable cement box culvert approximately 0.15 miles up from the mouth, and a second culvert near RM 0.6. When the fish passable box culvert was installed under Railroad Avenue several years ago (lower photo), some complexity had been added to the creek via a small restoration project which included the placement of sill logs, root wads, boulders and small tree plantings along the banks (top photo).

Spawning opportunities are reduced dramatical ly downstream of the culvert crossing at Railroad Ave. due to a narrow confined channel and lack of suitable spawning gravel. Most of the substrate through this section consists of fine silt, sand, and exceedingly small patches of undersized gravel; however, relatively abundant spawning gravel ex ists above the culvert. Nevertheless, several silty deposits exist throughout the entire surveyed sec tion. The rock and gravel quarry site located near the creek is one of the suspected sources of the silt.

C



2007 Coal Mine Creek coho graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60 N

UM

BE

R O

BSE

RV

ED

DATE SURVEYED

2007 Coal Mine Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing LIVE

DEAD

198

43

90

231

8

139

195 208

172

153

66

4

22

81

16

159

42

17 29

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NU

MB

ER

OB

SER

VE

D

SEASON SURVEYED

Coal Mine Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19982007) LIVE

DEAD



DEER CREEK 10.0865

eer Creek is an upper Puyallup river tribu tary (RM 45.7) located on the left bank ap proximately 0.6 miles below Swift Creek

(10.0697). Nearly the entire 6.5 miles of the Deer creek drainage flows within the Mount baker Snoqualmie national forest (see map). In the past, forestry operations along the creek; primarily tim ber harvesting and road construction, had impacted portions of the stream. Deer Creek has three main tributaries including Big Creek (10.0686) and two unnamed tributaries.

Currently, a beneficial riparian buffer zone of conifers and mixes deciduous trees exists along the majority of the creek. The creek is confined by mod erate to steep walls, with an impassable falls lo cated at approximately RM 2.7. Spawning is not very conducive upstream of RM 1.2 due to the sub stantial increase in gradient, flow, and the lack of suitable spawning substrate. The gradient along the lower 1.2 miles is moderate with numerous deep pools. The substrate throughout much of the

spawning reach consists of small boulders, cob ble and angular stone (top photo); though, several pockets of good spawning medium are often found along the stream margins and pool tailouts.

Deer Creek is lo cated upstream of the Electron diversion dam

(RM 41.7), like other tributary in the upper Puyal lup watershed, Deer Creek is part of the surplus adult chinook and coho planting program. Deer Creek is one of the few streams in late summer and early fall with adequate water flow to plant adult chinook. Surplus adult chinook from the WDFW hatchery located on Voight Creek are planted in late summer to early fall, and coho in late fall when available. The Puyallup Tribe has been hauling surplus adults from Voight Creek and planting them in the upper watershed since1997, unfortu nately no natural returns have been documented in Deer Creek as a result of these efforts. However, natural returns of adult coho have occurred in Ru shingwater, Niesson and Kellog Creeks. Deer Creek is not surveyed with any regularity, but instead it is spot checked to see how successful the adult plants were. Adult steelhead and bull trout utilization is unknown.

D Map of Deer Creek



24

150

14

93

47

37

150

13

23

56

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NU

MB

ER

OF

FISH

PLA

NTE

D

YEAR PLANTED

Deer Creek Surplus Adult Coho Plants (19972007)

MALE CHINOOK

FEMALE CHINOOK

1080

559

224 24

7

510 524

381

269

275

153

629

951

467

276

259

510

147

264

255

142

152

419

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NU

MB

ER

OF

FISH

PLA

NTE

D

YEAR PLANTED

Deer Creek Surplus Adult Coho Plants (19972007) MALE COHO

FEMALE COHO



DIRU CREEK PUYALLUP TRIBAL SALMON HATCHERY

iru Creek Hatchery is located on Diru Creek (10.0029) a tributary to Clarks Creek in Puyallup, Washington. Water is

supplied from two pumped wells (800 gpm) and gravity flow out of Diru Creek (200500 gpm). In cubation consists of 20 vertical stacks of 12 trays. Initial rearing uses 16 shallow troughs in the hat chery building. Additional rearing containers in clude four 50’x5’x5’ raceways, two 6696 cubic foot ponds (UP1 and UP2), and one 13,000 cubic foot pond (below, left) that are also used for holding re turning adults, as well as juveniles.

In addition, the Puyallup Tribe operates seven acclimation ponds in the Puyallup Watershed. Three of the acclimation ponds are used for rein troducing fall chinook and coho into a 30mile reach in the Upper Puyallup River above Electron Dam. Electron Dam has been an anadromous bar rier for 97 years. A fish ladder was constructed, and completed in fall of 2000. Three other acclima tion ponds are located in the Upper White River drainage. These ponds are used for reintroducing White River spring chinook back into their endemic range. All ponds have approximately 10,000 cubic feet of rearing space and between 1 to 3 cubic feet per second flow. A new 35,000 cu. ft. spring chi nook acclimation pond was completed in the sum mer of 2007 near George Creek (right photo). Ca pable of holding over 500,000 spring chinook, the construction of the acclimation pond was funded by the City of Tacoma as a result of a mitigation set tlement.

The Puyallup Tribe’s restoration goal is to re build depressed chinook stocks and remove them from ESA listing. Using acclimation ponds, limit ing harvest, and making substantial gains in habi tat restoration, the tribe will be able to accomplish this task. Levee setbacks, oxbow reconnections both inter tidal and upland, Commencement Bay cleanup, and harvest cutbacks have already been initiated. Only the jumpstarting of chinook in ha bitat areas devoid of fish remains the largest chal lenge. Acclimation ponds are a proven method in increasing fish numbers on the spawning grounds. Hatchery rearing 200,000 fall chinook for release on station and 200,000 for acclimation ponds in the upper Puyallup River for a combined 6,857 pounds of fish. Historically, fall chinook have been reared since 1980 with a variety of stocks, goals, and ob jectives.

Spring Chinook Hatchery Production The threeacclimation ponds the Puyallup Tribe

operates are satellite facilities to the White River and Minter Creek Hatcheries. Production levels have been around 400,000 smolts; however, it fluc tuates based on available brood stock. They have a production capacity of 837,000 zero age smolts.

Fall Coho Hatchery Production Currently, 200,000 coho yearlings are imprinted

and released in the Upper Puyallup Watershed. Coho originate from Voight Creek Hatchery where 100,000 are adipose clipped and coded wire tagged. Fish are released at 20 fish per pound, for a total biomass of 10,000 pounds.

Winter Chum Hatchery Production

The Puyal lup Tribe cur rently raises

D

Chum salmon fry



1.5 to 2.3 millionchum smolts for release into the lower Puyallup River. This program significantly augments a Tribal river fishery and All Citizen purse seine fishery in East and West Pass in Puget Sound. This stock originated initially from Cham

bers Creek. Puyallup Tribal Fisheries releases 1000 to 3000 pounds annually based on available brood stock returns to Diru Creek Hatchery. The program was started in 1991 and has become self sustaining.

Current Fall Chinook Hatchery Production In 2004, the Puyallup Tribal Fisheries Depart

ment began acclimating and releasing fall chinook from the Clarks Creek facility, thereby disconti nuing all chinook releases from the Diru Creek Hatchery. In early 2005, construction of a new in cubation building was completed at Clarks Creek. The incubation building houses 32 incubator stack; each stack is capable of holding up to 77,000 chi nook eggs. This provides for a total capacity of ap proximately 2.5 million eggs. Once fish are ready to be moved from the incubators, they can be place in one of the 16 aluminum racewaytroughs and

hand feeding can begin. The troughs are 16 feet in length with a flow rate of up to 25 gpm. When the fish are approximately 500 to the pound, they are transferred to one of the ce ment lined ponds. Holding the chinook in the cement pond is only temporary until they are up to a large enough size, usually in late April, to be massed marked via an automated tagger. Once tagged, the fish are planted in one of the two natu ral acclimation ponds until they are released in late May or early June.

White River Winter Steelhead In 2006, the Puyallup Tribe in partnership with

WDFW and the Muckleshoot Tribe, began rearing White River winter steelhead at the Diru Creek hatchery facility (below right). Rearing young steelhead is an integral part of the White River winter steelhead pilot project, a program designed to increase winter steelhead escapement in the White River. Adult steelhead collected from the USACE fish trap in Buckley are spawned, and the fertilized eggs are incubated at the WDFW Voight Creek Hatchery. The young fry are transferred to the Puyallup Tribe’s Diru Creek facility, were they are raised to approximately 17 fish per pound. In late February, the presmolts are transferred to the Muckleshoot’s White River hatchery facility near Buckley to acclimate before being released into the White River.

Fall chinook

Juvenile White River winter steelhead Chum spawning



17,680

12,620

20,635

7,150

11,393

9,686

0

2,500

5,000

7,500

10,000

12,500

15,000

17,500

20,000

22,500

8N

ov

15N

ov

22N

ov

29N

ov

6D

ec

13D

ec

20D

ec

27D

ec

3Ja

n

10J

an

17J

an

24J

an

31J

an

NU

MB

ER

OF

AD

ULT

CH

UM

DATE

Diru Creek Chum Salmon Rack Return (20022007)

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

1,73

8,59

9

1,22

9,96

0

1,23

5,32

8

990,

690

1,92

7,97

0

1,29

5,73

9

1,77

4,28

0 2,13

5,12

5

2,38

5,22

0

1,76

3,13

7

2,33

0,99

6

487,

990

2,31

5,09

0

2,49

4,89

4

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

NU

MB

ER

OF

SMO

LTS

RE

LEA

SED

YEAR PLANTED

Diru Creek Chum Salmon Smolt Releases (19952008) CHUM SMOLTS



771,

350

1,00

8,20

0

395,

000

231,

163

231,

163

82,1

50

90,6

41

110,

900

134,

500

2,00

0

127,

600

125,

856

134,

053

110,

973 20

0,20

0

103,

200

100,

400

70,7

00

96,5

00

19,3

59

16,2

69

11,1

00

10,1

19

12,2

27

9,70

8

90,2

00

74,1

44

108,

000 173,

693 240,

680

163,

880

523,

000

462,

328

418,

240

38,0

93

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

NU

MB

ER

OF

FISH

RE

LEA

SED

YEAR PLANTED

Juvenile Fall Chinook Salmon Outplants (19952008)

DIRU 10.0029 COWSKULL 10.0680 HYLEBOS 10.0013 MOWICH 10.0624 WILKESON 10.0432 CLARKS 10.0027 RUSHINGWATER 10.0625

218,

631

217,

450

189,

720

175,

650

182,

440

121,

460

496,

700

243,

000

356,

000

464,

980

254,

550

99,7

36

514,

000

72,6

00

149,

980

226,

500

32,3

00

198,

800 237,

900

199,

000 237,

800

247,

891

166,

550

401,

245

217,

000

37,3

46

201,

536

185,

798

99,8

00

68,0

00

104,

760

135,

990

55,7

50

86,9

50

71,4

50

99,8

00

33,5

16

223,

740

550,

000

145,

900

82,4

50

170,

850

93,8

04

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

NU

MB

ER

OF

FISH

CH

INO

OK

PLA

NTE

D

YEAR PLANTED

Juvenile Spring Chinook Outplants from White River and Minter Creeks (19952008)

HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 CLEARWATER 10.0080 COWSKULL 10.0680 MOWICH 10.0624 CRIPPLE 10.0086 GREENWATER 10.0122 HUCK AERIAL 10.0253



SPECIES Chum DATE (F) Stream WRIA Number of Fish Fish/Lb Weight (g) Length (mm)

Biomass (pounds)

21Mar08 Puget Creek 12.0002A 50,000 1399.0 0.32 35.54 35.7

21Mar08 Diru Creek 10.0029 454,500 398.9 1.14 50.76 1,139.4

3Apr08 Diru Creek 10.0029 76,125 379.0 1.20 51.62 200.9

3Apr08 Diru Creek 10.0029 507,696 422.0 1.07 50.52 1,203.1

15Apr08 Diru Creek 10.0029 76,025 356.0 1.27 53.28 213.6

25Apr08 Diru Creek 10.0029 507,096 374.5 1.21 52.26 1,354.1

1May08 Diru Creek 10.0029 209,000 377.2 1.20 50.66 554.0

9May08 Diru Creek 10.0029 277,100 377.1 1.20 52.22 734.8

19May08 Diru Creek 10.0029 198,500 470.8 0.96 49.20 421.6

19May08 Diru Creek 10.0029 188,852 470.8 0.96 49.20 401.1

Totals: 2,544,894 4,700.7

SPECIES Fall Chinook

DATE (V) DATE Stream WRIA Number of Fish Fish/Lb Weight (g) Length (mm) Biomass (pounds)

20May08 20May08 Hylebos Creek 10.0015 9,708 60.3 7.52 88.90 161.0

29May08 1Jun08 Clarks Creek 10.0027 157,000 47.8 10.33 100.80 3,284.5

29May08 1Jun08 Clarks Creek 10.0027 261,240 65.5 7.5 91.6 3,988.0

22May08 29.May08 Cowskull 10.0680 96,500 68.6 6.61 85.06 1,406.7

Totals: 524,448 8,840.2

96,7

90

99,4

00

104,

500

93,0

00

71,9

80

34,8

50

20,1

00

149,

970

101,

400

100,

350

100,

450

104,

500

84,0

00

39,9

35 55

,053

60,1

00

93,0

00

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

NU

MB

ER

OF

FISH

RE

LEA

SED

YEAR PLANTED

Voight Creek Fall Juvenile Coho Salmon Outplants (19982008)

COWSKULL 10.0680

RUSHINGWATER 10.0625

LAKE KAPOWSIN

2008 Puyallup Tribal Fisheries Juvenile Fish Releases



SPECIES Spring Chinook DATE (V) DATE Stream WRIA Number of Fish Fish/Lb Weight (g) Length (mm)

Biomass (pounds)

29May08 2Jun08 Clearwater River AP 10.0080 217,000 70.0 6.48 85.00 3,100.0

14May08 15May08 Greenwater River AP 100122 R01 550,000 78.2 5.80 81.00 7,033.0

29May08 2Jun08 Huck Army AP 100253 H02 514,000 98.1 4.9 76.9 5,239.6

Totals: 1,281,000 15,372.6

SPECIES Coho DATE (V) DATE Stream WRIA Number of Fish Fish/Lb Weight (g) Length (mm)

Biomass (pounds)

3Mar08 3Mar08 Lake Kapowsin 10.0600 93,000 27.0 16.83 117.00 3,450.0

Totals: 93,000 3,450.0

TOTAL SALMON 4,443,342 32,363.5

2008 Puyallup Tribal Fisheries Juvenile Fish Releases



DISCOVERY CREEK

fficially uniden tified and un named, this

small drainage has no NPS designation and is referred to as Dis covery Creek by PTF staff. Discovery Creek is a small right bank tributary to the upper White River; this diminutive creek was discovered in

2007 while conducting telemetry and spawning ground surveys for bull trout, hence the name. As with most of the headwater tributaries of the White, the elevation of this creek is likely too high for chinook, coho and pink salmon. Discov ery Creek originates from an underground spring at the base of a small ridge running pa rallel to the White River access road. Discovery Creek enters the White River just upstream of Shaw Creek at approximately RM 69.5, and provides 0.5 miles of exceptional habitat condi tions for bull trout rearing and spawning.

The first 150 feet of the creek is low gradient and flows within the active White River channel (top photo). The habitat within this section offers suitable spawning conditions for bull trout. However, during the 2007 survey season, a 23 foot jump in the creek channel, combined with the low summer flow (approx. 23 cfs.) prevented bull trout from migrating beyond this point. The remaining 0.5 miles of the creek meanders through the edge of the forested area along the White River channel. The creek channel gradient increases slightly, as well as the stream complexity due to some small debris jams and LWD input. The surrounding riparian consists of primarily mature conifers with a

limited number of mixed deciduous trees. Near RM 0.5 the creek turns sharply into the base of a small valley ridge.

From 2005 2007, PTF biolo gists have con ducted extensive radio telemetry and redd surveys along the upper White River; fo cusing heavily on the headwaters located within Mt. Rainier National Park. During the 2007 season, bull trout were observed spawning in Discovery Creek during mid September. Two of the bull trout observed spawning were part of the migration tele metry study (top right). Both fish were implanted with radio tags and released near Greenwater (RM 45) in late June, and were observed spawning to gether in the lower 75 feet of the creek.

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Map showing the location of Discovery Creek

Bull Trout



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2007 Discovery Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing

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DOLLAR CREEK 10.0412

ollar Creek is a seasonal or intermittent stream located on the lower Puyallup River at RM 17.7 near McMillin. The

surveyed reach of the creek channel, which often becomes accessible to adults after the first freshet of the season, consists of approximately 500 feet. This lower accessible reach is located within the active Puyallup River channel (top photo) and is dry from summer through mid fall, preventing chinook from accessing and spawning in the creek. Due to these seasonal low and intermit tent flows, only chum are typically seen spawning in the creek during the late fall and early winter seasons when flow are generally higher. Howev er, it is not uncommon to observe a few coho

spawning in the channel during the winter as well.

The channel morphology of the lower reach changes from year to year due to high water events in the Puyallup River. The substrate throughout the lower 500 feet consists mostly of cobble and sand, but small patches of spawning gravel exists. The riparian, mostly alder, exists only along a single bank. Approximately 600 feet up from the mouth, the channel heads away from the Puyallup River and drains an old oxbow adja cent to the dike.

Over the last several years the old oxbow has been slowly filled in with landscaping and other waste materials by private property owners. Pas sage upstream, out of the Puyallup River channel is questionable, and no adult fish have been ob served above this point. However, extensive sur veys are not conducted above the old river oxbow, and it is possible that the upper reaches of Dollar Creek provide overwintering habitat for multiple species of juvenile salmonids. Steelhead and bull trout utilization is unknown. D

Dollar Creek



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Dollar Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19952007)

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ELECTRON FISH BYPASS FACILITY PUGET SOUND ENERGY PUYALLUP RIVER DIVERSION

uget Sound Energy’s (PSE) Electron Hydroe lectric facility utilizes water diverted from the Puyallup River at RM 41.7 (bottom pho

to). The diverted water is channeled 10.1 miles through a flume and settling pond before collecting into a small reservoir, or forebay (upper left photo). The water held in the forebay is used to generate power via four turbines located in the power house approximately 800 feet below the fore bay. Thou sands of salmonids including threatened chinook

and bull trout, coho, steelhead, cutthroat and rainbow trout are verted down the flume and into the fore bay an nually. Many of the ju venile fish diverted into the fore bay are drawn to the penstocks (intake) of the powerhouse, and are subsequently destroyed. Adults are too large to pass through the penstock screens.

In 2001, PSE completed construction on a fish bypass facility to help address the fish losses in the fore bay. Even after the fish trap went online, chi nook and coho losses have continued to range be tween 6080%; with coho rates being slightly higher than chinook. Continuing efforts are being made by the tribe and PSE to reduce these losses.

Upon entering the forebay, water flow is di verted towards the fish trap by large steel plates suspended by buoys. An exclusionary guide net is also in place across the fore bay during the annual smolt migration period. Many of the smolts caught during this period are fish that have escaped from holding ponds above the diversion dam. These ef

forts are made to direct the fish into the trap where they are crowded into a hopper, and then deposited into a large holding tank (right center). Fish are dipnetted from the holding tank and placed into a smaller container and anesthetized, identified and measured. Finally, fish are placed

into a water trailer for transport down to the powerhouse where they are released back into the Puyallup River at RM 31.4.

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Electron fish ladder, diversion dam and headworks.

Fish bypass trap

Forebay (background) and the fish bypass trapping facility



39,724 2,

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Number of Chinook and Coho Captured at the Electron Fish Bypass facility (19992007)

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2002 2003 2004

2005 2006 2007

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January February March April May June July August September October November

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Average Fork Length (mm) of Chinook and Coho Captured at the Electron Fish Bypass Facility (2007)

CHIN (U)

CHIN 0 (M)

COHO 0 (U)

COHO 1+ (U)

COHO 1+ (M)

CHIN (U) <1 %

CHIN 0 (M) 1%

CHIN 1+ (M) < 1%

COHO 0 (U) 48%

COHO 1+ (U) 8%

COHO 1+ (M) 42%

CUTTHROAT < 1%

Percentage of Juvenile and Smolt Salmon Captured at the Electron Fish Bypass Facility 2007

M: Marked Fish (fin clip), Hatchery Origin

U: Unmarked Fish, Wild Origin

0: Young of the Year

1+: 1 Year+ age Fish



FENNEL CREEK 10.0406

ennel Creek (Kelly Cr.) flows for nearly 8 miles from its sources of wetlands and low land lakes located on the plateau near Bon

ney Lake and HWY 410; to its eventual convergence with the Puyallup River near Alderton at RM 15.5. With a drainage area of over 6.5 square miles, Fen nel only provides approximately 2 miles of ana dromous usage due to a 100 foot falls (Victor Falls) located at river mile 1.9. The anadromous reach provides abundant suitable habitat for chinook, co ho, pink, chum, and steelhead. Pink and chum sal mon are undoubtedly the most prolific species to spawn in the creek; unfortunately, steelhead es capement has dropped precipitously over the past decade. Bull trout utilization in Fennel Creek is unknown. Other species present throughout Fennel include cutthroat trout, sculpins, sticklebacks, and lamprey.

The lowest reach of the creek (top left photo), ex tending from the mouth to McCut cheon Rd. Bridge (0.3 miles), flows primarily within the Puyallup River flood plain. This section of the creek

consists of a low gradient channel containing excel lent, if somewhat unsta ble spawning gravels and with much lower amounts of LWD and less channel complexity then what is found upstream. Approximately 0.2 miles upstream of the McCut cheon bridge is a short run spring fed tributary, Fennel Tributary (right photo), which has excellent spawning gravel and supports high densities of chum salmon each year.

The upper reach of Fennel Creek is a complex, moderate gradient, poolriffle/steppool stream flow ing through a broad valley. Victor falls, at RM 1.9, blocks any further upstream migration. The ripa rian zone is well intact due to little or no agricultur al or residential land use development along most of the creek channel; the riparian zone consists of a mature hardwood and conifer forest with a dense understory of salmonberry and vine maple. Throughout the upper 1.5 mile section, abundant LWD lies in and adjacent to the channel, as well as several small in stream logjams. Spawning gravel is abundant and excellent throughout this reach, as are numerous deep resting pools for juvenile and adult migrants.

Uniquely, Fennel Creek experiences an early run of chum salmon each year; with fish often enter ing the creek in late October, nearly three weeks earlier than most lower Puyallup tributaries. Also noteworthy, is the unprecedented number of chi nook adults observed spawning in the creek during the 2007 season (lower left photo). Although carcass sampling showed that around 85% were of hatchery origin, over 150 adult chinook were counted in the creek; dwarfing the average seasonal count of 6 (range 114).

Coho and chum seasonal totals on the following pages include both Fennel Creek, and Fennel tribu tary data combined. For more information on Fen nel Creek, or if you would like to support preserva tion efforts on the creek, go to www.fennelcreek.org.

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Fennel tributary

Chinook



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Fennel Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19992007)

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Fennel Creek Chinook Salmon Carcass Sampling ( 20032007)

CARCASSES SAMPLED

CHINOOK WITH CODED WIRE TAG & ADIPOSE CLIP (FALL/HATCHERY ORIGIN) CHINOOK WITH ADIPOSE CLIP ONLY (HATCHERY ORIGIN) WILD UNMARKED

ACCLIMATION POND (VENTRAL CLIP)

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2007 Fennel Creek chum graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW.

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2007 Fennel Tributary graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW.

2007 Fennel Creek and Fennel Tributary chum graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW.

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Fennel Creek and Fennel Trib Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19982007)

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2007 Fennel Creek coho graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW.

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Fennel Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19982007) LIVE

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FISKE CREEK 10.0596

iske Creek is a small tributary to the Puyal lup River, entering the Puyallup at approx imately RM 26.6. Fiske Creek, (fiske is a

Swedish word meaning fish) is one of 5 index streams in the Puyallup watershed that is surveyed for coho by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. State biologists use the coho escapement from five “index” tributaries (Coal Mine, Spiketon, Fiske, Fennel and Canyonfalls Creeks) to estimate the total escapement for the Puyallup River.

Coho are the only species observed spawning within Fiske Creek in significant numbers, although those numbers are relatively low (average 37, range 0141). In the past, steelhead and chum have been documented in the creek as well. Unfortunately, seasonal flows within Fiske Creek are often inade quate to allow access for chinook or steelhead to spawn, and the streams location in the watershed,

nearly 27 miles from the mouth, make is less than ideal for chum. Bull trout are known to utilize the mainstem river; however, it’s currently unknown what bull trout utilization is; if any, within Fiske.

Fiske Creek is a small stream flowing just over 2 miles, with a small unnamed tributary entering its right bank at RM 1.0. The upper headwaters reach is primarily cascades/step pool, with a substrate consisting primarily of large cobble and boulders. The lower reach of the creek consists of a low to moderate gradient poolriffle channel with heavy riparian cover from the surrounding conifer and de ciduous forest (lower right photo). Relatively abun dant spawning gravel exists throughout most of the stream, but is somewhat compacted in the lower portion of the channel

There are several limiting factors affecting fish and habitat within Fiske. The creek channel is con fined due to natural channel cutting, steep banks and ripraped banks. Along the road and within the boundaries of private property, the channel is slightly incised and lacks any real complexity such as wet lands, offchannel habitat such as side channels, or large woody debris. Moderate amounts of residential and other land use development exist along the creek; including private forest management. Land use along the lower reach consists mostly of private family residences and a county road (Brooks Road) which often intersects the creek. In addition, water is regularly diverted from the creek into a private pond on the lower reach. The creek passes through a couple of small, yet fish passable culverts, as well as, a low narrow bridge located approximately 0.3 miles up from its mouth.

Several years ago, some complexity had been added to the creek via a small restoration project which included the placement of small sill logs and boulders (left photo). How ever, tre mendous im provements are possible to stream channel habi tat and in stream flows.

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2007 Fiske Creek coho graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW.

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FOX CREEK 10.0608

ox Creek joins the Puyallup River at RM 29.5. Fox Creek is primarily a coho stream, with fish likely ascending as far up as the

Kapowsin tree farm’s 6 Rd; however, the majority of spawning occurs within the first mile of the creek. Fox Creek flows within the Kapowsin tree farm (Hancock Forest Resource Group), where roads and timber harvesting have impacted several portions of the stream in the past. The most suitable spawning habitat exists from the mouth up to the Road 1 Bridge. In addition to coho, chum and steelhead spawning activity is occasionally, but rarely, ob served as well.

Extensive sampling of coho carcasses for coded wire tags and fin clips (lower left photo), has re vealed a large percentage of the adult spawners in

Fox are Voight Creek hatchery ori gin fish. As juve niles, these fish were relocated from Voight Creek hat chery to acclimation ponds in the upper Puyallup River (Cowskull and Ru shingwater). Each

spring 200,000+ coho yearlings are imprinted and released from these ponds where 100,000 are adi pose clipped and coded wire tagged

From its confluence with the Puyallup River, to ap proximately RM 0.3, Fox is a low gradient poolriffle stream flowing through a moderately dense forested area consisting mostly of ald ers (top right). There is ab undant spawning habitat; coho, chum and steelhead redds have been observed within this lower reach. Beyond this, from RM 0.3 to 0.5 the creek meanders through a grassy area with little riparian cover and moderate amounts of fine materials obscuring the gravelly substrate (cen ter right). The channel is relatively narrow and in cised, yet coho spawning is prolific throughout the entire segment. This “middle reach” often has the highest spawning densities. Beyond RM 0.5, Fox becomes a moderate gradient steppool/riffle stream with good pool frequency and adequate conifer and hardwood riparian cover. There are few mature conifers in this reach, although many young Grand firs have been planted as a restoration effort.

A substantial amount of beaver activity exists throughout Fox Creek. Beaver dams, some up to six feet in height (lower right), often completely block and prevent fish from migrating upstream. Dams located along the lower mile of the creek are often breached during the beginning of the coho season to allow fish access to the spawning habitat above. During more recent events, the lower part of Fox Creek was overtaken by the Puyallup River during the flood in No vember 2006; relo cating the mouth of the creek approx imately 300 feet upstream near the old bridge (top left photo).

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Coho carcass sampling



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CARCASSES SAMPLED

CARCASS WITH ADIPOSE FIN CLIP AND CWT (HATCHERY ORIGIN) CARCASS WITH ADIPOSE FIN CLIP ONLY (HATCHERY ORIGIN) UNMARKED CARCASS (WILD)



FRYINGPAN CREEK 10.0369

ryingpan Creek is a moderate sized right bank tributary to the Upper White River. This headwaters creek is surveyed for bull

trout from late August through September. Unfor tunately, the creeks 3700’+ elevation is likely too high for chinook and coho. Steelhead surveys were conducted in 2001 yet did not reveal any spawning activity. Steelhead are quite capable of ascending to these headwater streams to spawn; therefore, this should not preclude the possibility of steelhead uti lization within this stream. Fryingpan does host a population of resident cutthroat and bull trout; pro viding excellent rearing and spawning habitat for these two species.

Fryingpan enters the White River north of Su nrise road at approximately RM 70.5. Fryingpan provides approximately 1.7 miles of anadromous usage. A falls (top left photo) located at approx imately RM 1.7 blocks any further upstream migra

tion. The creek is almost entirely bordered by an old growth con iferous forest and the water is cooled year round by glacial melt

water from Fryingpan Glacier. In addition to the glacial influenced mainstem flow, there are several smaller nonglacial tributaries contributing flow along Fryingpan’s nearly 4.7 mile length.

The first 1.4 miles of the creek consists of a large active braided channel that is low to moderate gra dient (lower left photo). Several patches of excellent spawning gravel are available throughout this lower reach of the creek. Considerable amounts of LWD are present in the channel, although a great deal of it doesn’t interact with the stream during average seasonal flows. Nevertheless, ample amounts of LWD are embedded in the creek channel creating beneficial fish habitat. In addition to spawning ha bitat, numerous pools and side channels are located throughout this lower reach; providing excellent rearing habitat for juvenile fish. Wright Creek, a right bank tributary located at RM 1.5, provides ad ditional spawning habitat for bull trout; four redds were observed in 2007 near the mouth.

From approximately RM 1.4 to the falls, the channel begins to narrow considerably due to the confinement created by the steep upper valley walls (right photo). The channel assumes a steppool con figuration from this point on. Throughout this final reach of fish usage, spawning opportunities are re duced due to the in creased gradient, predominately larger substrate, and rapid flows encountered. Bull trout have been documented ascend ing as far as the base of the falls.

In 2006 and 2007, Puyallup Tribal Fi sheries staff radio tagged bull trout (9 fish in 2006/19 fish in 2007) captured in the USACE fish trap near Buckley. Subsequently, a few of these bull trout were tracked from their re lease site at RM 45 on the White River (near the town of Greenwater) to Fryingpan Creek and its tri butary Wright Creek. Spawning was observed in both creeks during the month of September.

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Upper Fryingpan Creek, just below the barrier falls.

Lower Fryingpan Creek



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Fryingpan Creek



GREENWATER RIVER 10.0122

he Greenwater River is a right bank tributary to the upper mainstem White River. The Greenwater originates in the Norse Peaks

Wilderness area on Castle Mountain and flows wes terly until it converges with the White River (RM 46) near the small town of Greenwater. The Greenwater basin drains an area over 73 square miles with an average water discharge of 210 cfs (USGS gauge #12097500). Several significant tri butaries contribute flow along the Greenwater Riv ers 21 mile course including; Pyramid, Lost, Maggie, Slide, and Twentyeight Mile Creeks. Historically, the Greenwater River has supported ESA listed

spring chinook, and recently the listed steelhead (2007 ESA listing). In addition to chinook and steelhead, the Greenwater supports large runs of pink and coho sal mon. Traditionally, the Greenwater Basin has also supported a substantial

amount of recreational use, which has had its im pact on fish and wildlife issues.

The Greenwater is a medium sized, low gradient poolriffle stream with abundant high quality spawning gravel. Much of the river flows through U.S. Forest Service land and the riparian zone con sists primarily of second growth conifers, and hard woods. Forestry operations along the river, primari ly timber harvesting and road construction, current ly and in the past, impacted portions of the stream. Only limited amounts of LWD exist in the channel, and the average size reflects the surrounding young forest and is therefore generally small in nature. What large wood exists is usually quite old, yet is located too far from the river channel.

The Greenwater is surveyed for both chinook and steelhead by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, but not for coho. As with all upper White River surveys; adult salmon and steelhead that spawn in the Greenwater River were captured at the USACE fish trap in Buckley, and transported above Mud Mountain dam. Since precise escape ment numbers for the upper White River drainage are known, surveys are conducted to determine fish distribution and spawning success. The Upper White Rivers’ coho escapement is derived from counts made at the Army Corps of Engineers’ Buck ley trap.

In the spring of 2007, the Puyallup tribe trans ported 223,740 juvenile spring chinook from WDFW’s Minter Creek facility, to the Greenwater River. These fish were planted directly into the creek since there was no acclimation pond available on the Greenwater prior to 2007. To address this issue, a new 35,000 cu. ft. spring chinook acclima tion pond was completed in the summer of 2007 near George Creek (right photo). Capable of holding over 500,000 spring chinook (550,000 in 2008), the construction of the acclimation pond was funded by the City of Tacoma as a result of a mi tigation settlement. Design engineering was funded by the Pacific Coast Sal mon Recovery Fund (PCSRF).

T

Greenwater acclimation pond



2007 Greenwater River chinook graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW.

2007 Greenwater River chinook graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

9/12/07 9/20/07 10/1/07 10/11/07 10/18/07

NU

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OB

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DATE SURVEYED

2007 Greenwater River Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing

LIVE DEAD REDDS

122

236

370

127

390

91

219

559

275

42 73

249

49

192

26 44

170

219

80

318

244

63

107

101

29

116

25

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NU

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SEASON SURVEYED

Greenwater River Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19992007)

LIVE

DEAD

REDDS



2008 Greenwater River steelhead graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW. Steelhead surveys could not be conducted in 2006 and 2008 due to unfavorable/unsafe stream conditions.

41

56

50

27

24

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

NU

MB

ER

OB

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SEASON SURVEYED

Greenwater River Steelhead Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (20022008)

STEELHEAD REDDS

N o t

S u r v e y e d

N o t

S u r v e y e d



HUCKLEBERRY CREEK 10.0253

uckleberry Creek is a tributary to the Up per White River. The creek originates from the Huckleberry basin along the

North Slope of Mt. Rainier and is nonglacial. The creek flows through the National park and Sno qualmie National Forest lands before meeting the West Fork of the White at RM 53.1. The lower 0.5 miles consists of a low gradient, occasionally braided channel with a large side channel complex breaking off around RM 0.3. The surrounding ripa rian is a mixture of conifers and deciduous trees. The spawning gravel is excellent in the first half mile reach, which consistently supports the highest densities of spring chinook, coho and pink spawners each season. Steelhead usage has also been docu mented in Huckleberry; however, steelhead surveys have not been conducted for several years. The gradient increases slightly From RM 0.5 to 1.5, but the gravel quality remains excellent, although slightly larger and patchy in nature. The riparian

corridor consists of old growth conifers up stream of the ac climation pond at RM 0.5, offering excellent LWD recruitment. In stream LWD is moderate throughout the entire creek,

creating several logjams, as well as, free and fixed channel spanning structures.

Since 1994, the Puyallup tribe has operated two ponds used for acclimating spring chinook which are planted in March, and released in May or early June (lower left photo). The spring chinook plants are an integral part of the White River spring chinook recovery plan. The juvenile spring chinook originated from the Muckleshoot White River Hatchery and WDFW’s hatchery on Minter Creek. Production levels have been around 400,000 smolts; although, it fluctuates based on available brood stock. They have a production capacity of 837,000 zero age smolts. Between 100,000 to 500,000+ spring chinook from the WDFW Minter Creek and the Muckleshoot White River hatchery are transported to the Huckleberry Creek acclimation ponds in early spring, and released in late spring. All fish are mass marked with left or right ventral fin clips. Odd brood years are marked with left ventral clips, and even years with right ventral clips. These fish can later be identified when caught at the USACE fish trap in Buckley and passed above the Mud Mountain dam to spawn. The water intake for the lower Huckleberry pond was destroyed in the November 2006 flood event (repaired in summer of 2007); preventing fish from being planted in the lower pond in spring of 2007.

As with all upper White River tributaries, adult salmon and steelhead that spawn in Huckleberry Creek were captured at the USACE fish trap in Buckley, then transported and released approx imately 4 miles above Mud Moun tain Dam. Since precise escapement numbers for the upper White River drainage are known, spawning surveys are conducted to deter mine fish distribution and spawning success. This is important regarding spring chinook, since adult production monitoring is part of the recovery plan.

H

Acclimation pond

Lower Huckleberry Creek



Upper White River surveys show distribution and timing. Actual escapement totals are known from the USACE Buckley trap counts.

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5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

8/28/07 9/14/07 9/24/07 10/11/07 10/23/07

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DATE SURVEYED

2007 Huckleberry Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing

LIVE

DEAD

REDDS

50 66

82

25 38

24

89

437

77

1 4

37 35 32 37

68

32

60 84

5 14 17 29

48

5 0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NU

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SEASON SURVEYED

Huckleberry Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19992007)

LIVE DEAD REDDS



Between 100,000 to 500,000+ spring chinook from the WDFW Minter Creek and the Muckleshoot White River hatchery are transported to the Huckleberry Creek acclimation ponds in early spring, and released in late spring. All fish are mass marked with left or right ventral fin clips. Odd brood years are marked with left ventral clips, and even years with right ventral clips. These fish can later be identified when caught at the USACE fish trap in Buckley and passed above the Mud Mountain dam to spawn. The water intake for the lower Huckleberry pond was destroyed in the November 2006 flood event; preventing fish from being planted in the lower pond in 2007.

218,

631

217,

450

189,

720

175,

650

182,

440

121,

460

496,

700

243,

000

356,

000

464,

980

254,

550

514,

000

145,

900

82,4

50

107,

850

93,8

04

99,7

36

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

NU

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ER

OF

FISH

PLA

NTE

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YEAR PLANTED

Huckleberry Creek Spring Chinook Acclimation Pond Plants (19952007)

Spring Chinook Planted in Lower Pond

Spring Chinook Planted in Upper Huck Aerial Pond

Direct Creek Plants



HYLEBOS CREEK 10.0006

ylebos Creek watershed is an large inde pendent drainage from the Puyallup/White River system. Draining an area of over 18

square miles, the headwater of the Hylebos system originate in the city of Federal Way and flow south west into the Hylebos Waterway; one of several wa terways located in Commencement Bay within the city of Tacoma. The East and West Forks of the Hy lebos comprise two of the three basins comprised in this system and make up the upper part of the wa tershed. The East and West Forks converge just north of 373 rd to form the Lower Hylebos.

The Hylebos watershed has been severely im pacted by urban development; the resulting land uses over the past several decades has resulted in extensive losses of estuarine and wetland habitats, reduction of water quality (303(d) listed) and fish production, as well as diminished instream flows and stream channel continuity. Nevertheless, the watershed does have protected areas, and substan tial parcels of the creek and surrounding land have been acquired in recent years for protection and res toration.

Chinook, chum, coho, pink salmon and steelhead have all been observed spawning within the sur veyed area of Hylebos Creek. In addition, Hylebos Creek also host a large population of cutthroat

trout, as well as other native and nonnative species including sticklebacks, sculpins, lamprey and bass. The stream section most often surveyed by the Puyallup Tribe is the Lower Hylebos extending from 373 rd St., upstream to the Montessori school at Hwy. 99 and downstream from 373 rd to highway 99. The convergence of the East and West forks marks the upper extents of chinook spawning due low in stream flows preventing chinook from migrating up either fork. Currently, the majority of adult spawn ing activity for all species occurs in the Lower Hyle bos Creek. Higher instream flows experienced dur ing the fall and winter often allow coho and chum to access the upper reached of the Hylebos.

As part of the continuing fish and habitat resto ration efforts, the Puyallup Tribe regularly released between 10 and 20 thousand juvenile fall chinook into Hylebos Creek during the spring (lower right). Spawning surveys over time have identified these fish on the spawning grounds as adults due to fin clips administered at the hatchery before release. In addition, the 27 acres above 373 rd St., known as the Spring Valley Ranch, was purchased by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) in 2004. Restoration efforts for this site were completed in 2007. The restoration project restored nearly a quarter mile of creek channel and wetland habitat. The project will also establish a riparian buffer zone comprised of native trees and plants. More recently, in 2008, the city of Federal Way acquired the 22 acre Goldmax property. This acquisition will preserve 1,200 feet of creek channel and surrounding lands located on the West Fork of the Hylebos. For more information about Hylebos Creek, contact Friends of the Hy lebos at www.hylebos.org

H



19,3

59

16,2

69

11,1

00

10,1

19 12

,227

9,70

8

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

NU

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OF

FISH

PLA

NTE

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YEAR PLANTED

Hylebos Creek Juvenile Fall Chinook Plants (20012008)

Fall Chinook



KAPOWSIN CREEK 10.0600

apowsin Creek is a tannic stream originat ing from the north end of Kapowsin lake, which sits approximately 3.6 miles up

stream from the creeks confluence with the Puyal lup River. Kapowsin Creek sustains a whole host of adult salmon species including; chinook, pink, coho, steelhead and occasionally a few chum. Chi nook have not been observed beyond the top of Ka powsin Creek where it enters the lake. On the other hand, significant numbers of coho, and occa sionally a few steelhead move through Kapowsin Lake into Ohop Creek to spawn. Ohop Creek, which enters the south end of the lake is technical ly considered the continuation of Kapowsin creek.

Unfortunately, steelhead escapement in Kapow sin is low, but has been rather consistent over the past few years. However, this drop in escapement is not uncommon; winter steelhead stocks in the Puyallup basin have been declining since 1990. The precipitous decline within just the past few years has created serious concern among fisheries manag ers. Factor(s) responsible for the decline in steel head escapement are unknown, especially when other salmon species are experiencing relatively good success.

To date, coho are the predominate species in the creek. Recovered CWT data has shown that many of the coho spawning in Kapowsin are fish that were released a couple of years earlier as juveniles from the upper Puyallup acclimation ponds (Cows kull and Rushingwater), or are descendants of the

netpen acclimation project in Kapowsin Lake. From 1993 to 1997, the Puyallup Tribe fisheries staff transported juvenile coho from WDFW’s Voight Creek hatchery to four netpens in Kapow sin Lake to acclimate. Prior to this operation, few or no coho were observed in Kapowsin or Ohop Creeks.

There is suitable spawning gravel throughout the 3.7 mile survey reach of Kapowsin, although much of it is patchy in nature. An abundance of downed trees within the channel along with sever al sizable logjams creates complexity throughout most of the stream. Cattle and other livestock have been allowed access to the stream channel at ap proximately RM 1.7. Homes and outbuilding are present within 20 to 40 feet of the banks along the creek between RM 0.5 and RM 2.0. Humanmade rock structures, as well as sill logs, span the creek and alter the channel along this stretch. During the summer and fall when water levels are low, these struc tures often cause upstream migration issues for adult salmon. In addition to humanmade ob stacles, the creek experiences frequent beaver ac tivity. Beaver dams which are often constructed during the low summer flow regularly occlude the entire creek channel preventing upstream migra tion (center right). Most of the stream has a dense riparian zone consisting of firs, alders and salmon berries.

Pierce County completed construction of the new Orville road bridge over the head of Kapowsin Creek in early 2006. In addition, the 2006 flood event destroyed portions of the levee along Orville Rd. near Kapowsin Creek; al lowing the Puyallup to overtake the lower Kapow sin Creek channel. This resulted in the relocation of the mouth (right photo) and a loss of approximate ly 900 feet of habitat.

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0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

9/13/07 9/27/07 10/4/07 10/15/07 10/23/07

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DATE SURVEYED

2007 Kapowsin Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing

LIVE

DEAD

REDDS

17

26

36

10

15

20

12

7

10

38

20

38

9 9

17 19

4 2

15

5

2

5 3 2

21

30

7

10

28

22

4 2

8

26

4 4

17

12

20

8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NU

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SEASON SURVEYED

Kapowsin Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19932007)

LIVE DEAD REDDS



0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

9/27/07 10/4/07 10/15/07 10/23/07 11/8/07 11/15/07 11/28/07

NU

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DATE SURVEYED

2007 Kapowsin Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing

LIVE

DEAD

55

491

115

121

410

319

210

521

368

2,02

3

446 49

8

446

125

99

31 62

46

11 11

0

29

18

153

33

442

21 13

8

77

5 22

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NU

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YEAR SURVEYED

Kapowsin Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19932007)

LIVE

DEAD



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

4/2/08 4/24/08 5/8/08 5/29/08

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DATE SURVEYED

2008 Kapowsin Creek Steelhead Spawning Ground Counts

LIVE DEAD REDDS

4

2

11

6

3

1

9 8 8

6 5

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

NU

MBE

R O

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YEAR SURVEYED

Kapowsin Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (19952008)

STEELHEAD REDDS



KELLOG CREEK 10.0621

ellog Creek is a headwater tributary of the Puyallup River, entering the Puyallup at approximately RM 39.7. Kellog is short

run stream with nearly three miles of accessible ha bitat; however, the anadromous spawning usage ex tends approximately the first 2 miles of the creek. At RM 2.5, Kellog passes through a culvert running under the Mainline 2 Road within the 355,000acre Kapowsin Tree Farm owned by Hancock (Hancock Timber Resource Group). Kellog Creek flows entire ly within the Kapowsin tree farm where roads and timber harvesting have impacted several portions of the stream.

Kellog provides spawning and rearing habitat for adult; as well as juvenile steelhead and coho. Wild steelhead have managed to maintain a small foo thold in Kellog Creek over the past several decades due to the fact that Kellog Creek is downstream of the Electron diversion dam. Flows over the past century have often been high enough during late winter and spring; allowing steelhead access to tri butaries located downstream of the diversion dam at RM 41.7. Naturally returning coho were ob served in Kellog Creek in 2004. These were the first natural spawners seen since adult and juvenile coho plants began in the upper Puyallup basin in 1997. Coho activity has been observed as high as RM 1.4,

whereas steelhead activity is often observed as high as RM 2.1. Bull trout utilization is unknown; how ever, it is suspected that they likely use the creek to forage.

Upstream of the culvert, the creek assumes a moderate to high gradient steppool composition un suitable for larger adult spawners such as coho or steelhead. Steelhead surveys are conducted from the culvert, downstream to the mouth. From the culvert at RM 2.5 downstream to RM 1.6, the creek flows through a moderate gradient steppool/cascade channel with patchy gravel (top left photo). Several sections of the surrounding banks are comprised of exposed compacted glacial debris; contributing both fine and small course materials to the stream. Due to timber harvesting, the riparian zone throughout this reach consists of a thin mature 2nd growth con ifer buffer on both sides. However, there is a signif icant amount of windthrow in the channel asso ciated with this insufficient buffer. Steelhead spawning activity is occasionally observed in this segment; however, steelhead spawning consistently begins below RM 1.6. At this point, substantial flow from a left bank tributary and the reduction in gra dient create a more conducive spawning environ ment.

Below RM 1.5, the gradient relaxes and excellent spawning gravel is consistently available all the way to the confluence with the Puyallup River. The majority of steelhead spawning activity is observed within this lower 1.5 miles. The RMZ is soundly intact along this lower reach as well. In addition to a few substantial debris jams, there are several pieces of LWD present in the stream channel. The gradient increases near RM 0.5 as the creek drops down into the Puyallup River flood plain. A large, structurally complex section of the channel exists just below the PSE flume. This complex was created by historic amounts of course materials moved during the 1996 flood event. Near the mouth of Kellog, the channel initially drops into a side channel in the Puyallup River which is often dry. Kellog then flows within the Puyallup River flood plain for approximately 0.10.5 miles before dump ing into the active main river channel. Steelhead spawning activity is often documented within this fraction of the creek.

K



The 2008 redd data is incomplete due to extremely poor survey conditions which prevented a regular full season of surveys.

22

25

27

10

13

31

10 10

12

6

10

17

12

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

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Kellog Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (19952008)

STEELHEAD REDDS



KLICKITAT CREEK 10.0357

lickitat Creek is a small right bank headwa ter tributary of the White River. The creek is surveyed for bull trout from late August

through early October. However, with the exception of steelhead, the creeks 3300’ elevation is likely too high for most salmon. In 2007, PTF biologist ob served pink salmon in Sunrise Creek which is lo cated just inside the National Park boundary (NPS stream designation W1300a), approximately 5 mile downstream of Klickitat. This is the highest point on the White River that adult salmon have been do cumented by the Puyallup Tribe since surveys have been conducted.

Klickitat Creek is a phenomenal nonglacial stream, originating from Ghost Lake and surround ing runoff. Klickitat is a north facing stream flow ing entirely within Mt. Rainier National Park, and is the source of drinking water for the NPS White River compound. Klickitat enters the White River north of Sunrise road at approximately RM 67.9. The creek is surrounded by old growth and the tem perature is tempered by cold clean water year round; the only drawback being, there is only about 0.3 miles of anadromous usage. Three significant unnamed tributaries add flow to Klickitat; unfortu nately, they do not contribute any beneficial spawn

ing or rearing habitat giv en that they are located well above the anadrom ous barrier.

Klickitat provides ex ceptional habitat condi tions for bull trout (char) and cutthroat rearing and spawning. The first 0.3 miles is low gradient with excellent spawning gravel and significant amounts of inchannel LWD. Nu merous deep pools and side channels provide excel lent habitat for juvenile fish. A series of bedrock falls and cascades at RM 0.3 blocks any further up stream migration. Numerous surveys have been conducted above the falls; however, no fish or redds have been observed. Klickitat Creek has been sur veyed since 1999, but no salmon or steelhead have been seen spawning in the creek. Bull trout from the mainstem White River are observed spawning in the creek early in the fall, and juvenile bull trout have been observed in the pools and lateral habitat during these surveys. Dead bull trout observed dur ing surveys appear to be prespawned mortalities due to predation.

During the 2002 through 2007 survey seasons, bull trout floy tagged at the USACE trap in Buckley have been observed spawning in the creek. From 20052007, PTF biologist have conducted extensive radio telemetry and redd surveys along the upper White River; focusing heavily on the headwaters located within Mt. Rainier National Park. During the 2007 season, bull trout were observed spawning in Klickitat Creek from early to late September. Two of the bull trout observed spawning were part of the migration telemetry study. Both fish had been implanted with radio tags and released near Greenwater (RM 45) in late June, and were observed spawning to gether in Sep tember just below the falls (lower right).

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Bull Trout



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8/24/07 9/6/07 9/12/07 9/18/07 9/20/07 9/26/07 10/12/07

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2007 Klickitat Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing

LIVE

DEAD

REDDS

4

18

11

5

14

7 7

17

1 2

6 5

3 4

10

4

9

12

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

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Klickitat Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (20002007)

LIVE DEAD REDDS



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8

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12

14

16

Sept 15 Sept 610 Sept 1115 Sept 1620 Sept 2125 Sept 2631

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Klickitat Creek Bull Trout Run Timing (20012007) 2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2007 Klickitat Creek Water Temperature (July 1 – October 3)



LE DOUT CREEK 10.0620

e Dout Creek is a small tributary to the Up per Puyallup River, entering the mainstem river channel at RM 39.2. This small order

stream drains a wetland area at just over 1,800 feet, and flows northwest for approximately 2.5 miles be fore meeting the Puyallup. Unfortunately, low flows (a major limiting factor) often prevent adult salmon from ascending past the first 0.45 miles. Le Dout is located within the 355,000acre Kapowsin tree farm owned by Hancock (Hancock Timber Resource Group), who purchased the property in 2005. Sev eral areas along the upper reach have undergone several timber harvests over the past few years. Le Dout Creek supports an exceedingly limited number of coho and steelhead spawners. The creek is often too shallow in late summer to allow chinook access

to spawn and bull trout utilization is unknown.

Le Dout is a stream with moderate complexi ty, and habitat that is well suited for coho and steelhead adult spawn ers, as well as juveniles. To a large extent the substrate present throughout Le Dout con

sists of small and large cobble; yet, good quality patches of spawning gravels are frequent (lower left). The channel habitat consists mostly of low gradient pools and riffles. The creek contains a sub stantial proportion of small and medium size woody debris, and the surrounding riparian zone consists mostly of alder and Douglas fir. Logging activities occurred along the lower reach of Le Dout in the past; however, there is currently a good RMZ along the majority of the lower spawning reach of the creek. A split in the channel at RM0.45 often vents adult fish from migrating further upstream due an in crease in the gra dient along with a reduction in flow (center right). The upper reach of the creek is steep with impassable cascades. The 62 Rd. Bridge crosses Le Dout Creek approximately 0.45 miles from its confluence with the Puyallup River.

The mouth of Le Dout is located about 2.6 miles below the Electron diversion dam (lower right). Since the creek is downstream of the diversion dam, and river flows over the past century have often been high enough during late winter and spring to prevent the mainstem channel of the Puyallup River from being drawn dry, wild steelhead have managed to maintain a small foothold in Le Dout Creek. De spite generally low escapement numbers, steelhead surveys in Le Dout are conducted annually by the Puyallup Tribe. The winter steelhead stocks in the Puyallup basin have been declining since 1990. The precipitous decline within just the past few years has created se rious concern among fisheries managers. Factor(s) responsible for the decline in steel head escapement are unknown, especially when other salmon species are experienc ing relatively good suc cess.

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8

4

8

3

1

2

10

2 2

1

3 3

1

2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

NU

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SEASON SURVEYED

LeDout Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (19952008)

STEELHEAD REDDS



MOWICH RIVER 10.0624

he Mowich River converges with the Puyallup River at RM 42.3, this is approximately 0.5 miles above the Electron Diversion Dam. The

glacial headwaters of the Mowich River originate from the Edmunds, and the North and South Mowich glaciers on the west slope of Mt. Rainier. Significant tributaries to the Mowich include; Crater, Spray, Meadow and Rushingwater Creeks. Meadow originates from Eunice Lake, deep within Mt. Rainier National Park and enters the Mowich at RM 3.9. The creek flows through a high gradient, frequently confined channel for most of its 4.6 mile length. Meadow Creek has one significant tributary, Hayden Creek, at RM 2.5. However, the lower mile of the creek has a low to moderate gradient, with a poolriffle character, abundant spawning gravel, LWD, and riparian cover along the entire channel. Several pieces of LWD along with stable log jams have created remarkable stream complexity throughout the lower reach of the creek.

Rushingwater Creek originates from the Golden Lakes in Mt. Rainier National Park. Rushingwater flows over 5 miles to its confluence with the Mowich River at RM 0.6. Most of Rushingwater flows within the Rainier Timber Kapowsin tree farm (Hancock Forest Management) where roads and

timber harvesting have impacted several portions of the stream. The upper survey reach of the creek is mostly comprised of pools and glides, with fine and medium sized substrate. Abundant instream woody debris and a moderate to dense canopy cover extend through most of this reach.

The North and South Mowich forks flow though Mt. Rainier National Park and reach their confluence at RM 7.5 to form the main stem Mowich River. The upper 45 miles of the Mowich River consist of steep and moderate gradients, with a largely cobble and boulder substrate. There is little spawning habitat available, yet some suitable spawning conditions exists in the outlying side channels below RM 7.5. The active channels of the North and South Mowich are bordered by large dense conifer forests and mixed deciduous trees.

From RM 6.5 to 3.1, the Mowich flows through the Snoqualmie National Forest where the river is comprised of more complex habitat. The gradient decreases along this reach, resulting in a more pool riffle character where smaller spawning substrate is deposited and resting pools are available for up stream migrants. The lower three mile of the river flows within the 355,000acre Kapowsin tree farm owned by Hancock (Hancock Timber Resource Group). Most of the lower three miles of the chan nel becomes confined and narrowed by the steepen ing valley walls. Fortunately, much of the channel retains its complexity and spawning opportunities are abundant for both salmon and steelhead. Juve nile coho have been observed as high as RM 5.0, whereas adult and juvenile char have been docu mented as high as RM 7.5. Of special note is the first docu mented spawn ing of naturally returning chi nook in the Mowich River in 97 years. Two females on separate redds were observed spawning in the lower reach (RM 1.0) on September 7, 2001.

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Upper Mowich River (#2)



With the completion of the Electron Fish Ladder (RM 41.7) in the fall of 2000, anadromous fish passage was restored for the first time since 1904. Surplus chinook and coho salmon from Voight Creek Hatchery have been planted in the Mowich River, and Rushingwater Creek for the past several years in efforts to jump start the Upper Puyallup. One of two acclimation ponds used for reintroducing coho into a 30mile reach of the Upper Puyallup River is located just off the main channel of Rushingwater Creek at RM 0.6. The pond holds 14,000 cu. ft. of water with a flow rate of 13 cfs, currently 40,000 to 100,000+ coho yearlings are imprinted and released from Rushingwater annually. Coho yearlings originate from Voight Creek Hatchery where they are adipose clipped and coded wire tagged. Fish are released at 20 fish per pound, for a total biomass of 10,000 pounds. There is also a natural acclimation pond on the Mowich used for rearing fall chinook, located at RM 0.1 (bottom photo).

The Puyallup Tribe’s restoration goal is to rebuild depressed chinook stocks and remove them from ESA listing. Historically, fall chinook have been reared since 1980 with a variety of stocks, goals, and objec tives. Using acclimation ponds, li miting harvest, and making sub stantial gains in habitat restoration, the tribe will be able to accomplish this task. Levee setbacks, oxbow reconnections both inter tidal and upland, Commencement Bay clean up, and harvest cutbacks have al

ready been itiated. Only the jumpstarting of chinook in habi tat areas devoid of fish is left. Acclimation ponds are a proven method in increasing fish numbers on the spawning grounds. Hatchery rear ing 200,000 fall chinook for acclimation ponds in the upper Puyallup River is a key component to restora tion goals.

Acclimation pond (#3)

Lower Mowich River (#4)



NIESSON CREEK 10.0622

iesson Creek is a tributary to the Upper Puyallup River. Originating from snowpack runoff and ground water, the creek runs

northerly for approximately 5.3 miles before meet ing the Puyallup at RM 41.1. Anadromous usage extents throughout the first 2.2 miles of the creek; supporting chinook (planted), coho and steelhead, beyond this the creek climbs steeply along the re maining 3.1 miles to its origins at just over 4,000 feet. Niesson Creek is located within the 355,000 acre Kapowsin tree farm owned by Hancock (Han cock Timber Resource Group), who purchased the property in 2005.

The riparian zone consists of mixed conifers and deciduous. Continuing timber harvesting activities have reduced the riparian zone to the state required

minimum along several extended segments of the lower creek.

Niesson is a complex moderate sized stream which varies between a poolriffle and forced poolriffle character. The creek and contains excellent and frequent spawning gravel, as well

as significant LWD and debris jams throughout the 2.2 mile ana dromous reach.

Niesson Creek is surveyed con sistently for steelhead and spot checked for coho. Steelhead have been observed spawning as high as RM 2.2 near the abandoned 22 Rd. Naturally returning coho were observed for the first time in 2002. The natural returns are a result of live adult plantings (lower right photo) and juve nile acclimation projects conducted by Puyallup Tri bal Fisheries Department. Since 1998, the Puyallup Tribe has been transporting live surplus adult coho from the WDFW’s Voight Creek Hatchery; however, no fish were planted in 2004 or 2007. Instead, natu rally retuning adult coho were allowed to spawn without intervention from hatchery planted coho. Future live plants may be reduced or eliminated based on the number of naturally returning spawn ers.

Like Kellog and Le Dout Creeks, the mouth of Niesson Creek is located downstream of the Electron Diversion Dam. Flows over the past century have often been high enough dur ing late winter and spring to prevent the mainstem chan nel of the Puyallup River from being drawn dry. The higher winter/spring flows have allowed wild steel head to maintain a foothold in Niesson Creek. Un fortunately, escapement in Niesson has decreased significantly over the past several years. The winter steelhead stocks in the Puyallup basin have been declining since 1990. The precipitous decline within just the past few years has created serious concern among fisheries managers. Factor(s) responsible for the decline in steelhead escapement are unknown, especially when other salmon species are experienc ing relatively good success.

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NO NAME CREEK 10.0364

O Name is not the officially designated name for this stream, but it’s commonly re ferred to as No Name Creek by PTF staff

(the NPS designation is W1400a). No Name is a small south facing left bank headwater tributary of the White River; at nearly 3.5 miles in length, only the first 0.7 miles offers exceptional habitat condi tions for bull trout (char) rearing and spawning. No Name is surveyed for bull trout from late August through early October; unfortunately, the creeks 3300’ elevation is likely too high for chinook, coho and pink salmon. No Name Creek, like Klickitat Creek, is pristine in many ways. Originating from slopes of the Sourdough Mountains near Sunrise Park, it flows entirely within Mt. Rainier National Park. No Name Creek enters the White River north of Sunrise Park Road at approximately RM 68.1.

The first 0.34 miles of the creek is low gradient and flows within the active White River channel. The habitat within this section is the least condu cive to spawning due to a primarily sandy substrate;

however, pools and side chan nels provide excellent habi tat for juvenile bull trout (bot

tom left) which are often observed in the pools and lateral habitat during adult spawning surveys. In addition, this reach of the creek is highly subjected to the possibility of redd scouring of heavy silt depo sition due to the influence of the mainstem White River.

The next .12 miles flows through the edge of the forested area along the White River channel. At this point the channel gradient increases slightly, as well as, adult spawning opportunities. Although the substrate throughout this section is somewhat sandy, several pockets of suitable spawning gravel exist. Stream complexity increases due to some small debris jams and limited LWD (top left photo). The surrounding riparian consists of primarily alder with some small to moderate sized Douglas fir and cedar, even so, solar exposure is still high through this portion of the creek.

The final quarter mile of anadromous usage con tains the best habitat. The channel contains several pieces of LWD and spawning gravels, in addition to a heavy riparian zone consisting of fir and cedar. At approximately RM .71 the creek turns sharply and climbs up the valley wall. At this point the stream quickly develops into impassable cascades prevent ing any further upstream migration. Bull trout have been observed spawning in the creek from late summer through early fall, and juvenile bull trout have been observed in the pools and lateral habitat during these surveys.

From 20052007, PTF biologist conducted exten sive radio telemetry and redd surveys along the up per White River; focusing heavily on the headwaters located within Mt. Rainier National Park. During the 2007 season, several bull trout were observed spawning in No Name Creek from early to late September. One of the bull trout observed spawn ing was part of the migration telemetry study. This bull trout had been im planted with radio a tag and released near Green water (RM 45) in late June, and was observed spawning in the creek in late September (right).

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OHOP CREEK 10.0600

hop Creek is the main feeder steam to Lake Kapowsin. Not to be mistaken for the Ohop Creek which is a tributary of the Nisqually,

this Ohop Creek is considered a continuation of Ka powsin Creek; therefore it shares the same WRIA designation (10.0600). Continuing on nearly 8.5 miles beyond Lake Kapowsin, the creek currently supports primarily coho (top photo). In addition to coho, the creek likely continues to support a limited number of steelhead as well.

The lower 0.2 miles of Ohop Creek flows through a narrow and incised wetland boundary at the south end of Lake Kapowsin. This initial stretch is non condusive to spawning and is heavily vegetated (mostly reed canary grassPhalaris arundinacea), and is commonly the site of recurrent beaver activi ty. From RM 6.5 to RM 7.0, the creek assumes a low gradient poolriffle structure; containing excel

lent spawning gravel, as well as several deep pools and moderate amounts of in stream woody debris (bottom left). The

channel meanders through a forest of cedar, fir, alder and maple that is fairly dense along much of the lower reach (RM 6.5 to 8). Several side channels branch off along this reach offering additional spawning and rearing habitat. High water events often rees tablish some significantly long complex side channels located above RM 0.4. These side channels are often utilized by coho. Cat tle occasionally have access to the creek, but they have had negligible impact.

The upper reaches of Ohop Creek extend well into the 355,000acre Kapowsin tree farm owned by Hancock (Hancock Timber Resource Group), who purchased the property in 2005. Logging roads and timber harvesting have impacted several portions of the stream including; sedimentary inputs, wind throw, increased solar exposure, as well as confine ment and constriction of the stream channel.

Coho are the only species surveyed for on a con sistent basis. Despite the 5 year coho net pen project employed in Lake Kapowsin by the Puyallup Tribe during the 90’s, and the surplus adult plants from Voight Creek; coho escapement has dropped precipitously in Ohop Creek, as well as Kapowsin Creek over the last several years. Steelhead sur veys have been reduced to periodic spot checks dur ing the spring since none have been observed for several years. However, it’s likely that a small number of steelhead may continue to spawn in the creek above the survey area since they are observed consistently in Kapowsin Creek.

The winter steelhead stocks in the Puyallup ba sin have been declining since 1990. The precipitous decline within just the past few years has created serious concern among fisheries managers. Fac tor(s) responsible for the decline in steelhead es capement are unknown, especially when other sal mon species are experiencing relatively good suc cess. Although documented in Kapowsin Creek, chinook, chum and pink salmon have not been ob served in Ohop.

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PUYALLUP RIVER 10.0021

he Puyallup Watershed is identified as Wa ter Resource Inventory Area 10 (WRIA 10) by the Washington State Department of Ecolo

gy. The Puyallup River watershed provides over 1,300 linear river miles (RM) of drainage over an area greater than 1,000 square miles. The three major river drainages include the Puyallup, White, and Carbon Rivers which flow almost entirely with in Pierce County and part of South King County. All three river systems originate from glaciers along the north and west slopes of Mt. Rainier, located entirely within Mt. Rainier National Park. The Car bon and White Rivers converge with the Puyallup River at RM 17.8 and RM 10.4 respectively.

The White River is a significant tributary, with a drainage area nearly twice that of the Puyallup River. However, the White and Puyallup drainages are often viewed and managed as two distinct and separate entities. This management approach is due in part because prior to 1906, the White River did not flow into the Puyallup. Salo and Jagielo (1983) described that prior to 1906; the majority of the White River flowed north towards Elliot Bay. Yet, some of the water from the White often flowed south to the Puyallup through the Stuck River channel. In November of 1906, a flood event mobi lized a tremendous amount of wood debris that

blocked the north flowing channel in what is now downtown Auburn. The blockage forced the river to avulse and find a new channel. This newly created diversion sent nearly the entire White River flow down through the Stuck River channel into the Puyallup; more than doubling the size of the Puyal lup River drainage. In 1915, a concrete structure was constructed, thereby permanently diverting the White River into the Puyallup.

The Puyallup River continues to flow west from its confluence with the White until it reaches Com mencement Bay in Tacoma. An extensive system of levees, approximately 90 miles, was constructed along the Puyallup, White and Carbon Rivers be ginning in the early through mid 20th century. There are a significant number of large tributaries that feed these mainstem rivers including the Clearwater River, Greenwater River, Mowich River, as well as, Huckleberry and South Prairie Creeks. In addition to the White River, the Carbon River is

also key tributary of the Puyallup River, entering the Puyallup at RM 17.9; just north of the city of Orting. The Carbon River and its associated tribu taries provide excellent spawning and rearing op portunities for salmon, steelhead, and bull trout. In the past, steelhead have been documented as high as the Mt. Rainier National Park boundary. How ever, the majority of spawning for all species within this drainage, with the exception of bull trout, oc curs in South Prairie Creek and the lower 11 miles of the mainstem Carbon.

The mean annual flow of the Puyallup River over the first 86 year gauged history was 2,922 cfs. The largest flood of record was 57,000 cfs and occurred in December 1933. The majority of the large flood events have occurred in the months of November and December in response to heavy rains on a sub stantial snow pack. The minimum low flow defined as the 90%exceedance level for the Puyallup was 1,156 cfs. Over the past two decades there has been a trend of decreasing low flows (Sumioka 2004). The Puyallup River at Puyallup flow gage (#12101500) was activated in 1915 and is located at RM 6.6.

The systems glacial origin is responsible for the turbid conditions that are most noticeable during warmer weather in late spring and summer. The

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White, Carbon, and Puyallup Rivers carry a tre mendous volume of bed load material which contri butes to the dynamic nature of the system. The high sediment loads are responsible for the braided channel morphology characteristic of broad valley segments. This condition is most prevalent in the upper reaches within and immediately outside the National Park boundaries.

Outside the Park boundaries, the rivers course through industrial forestlands including national forest but primarily private timber company owner ship. Much of these forestlands have been har vested at least once and in many cases twice. Lands in timber production are densely roaded with some sections approaching six lineal miles per square mile. Roads have contributed to many of their trademark problems such as landslides, slope fail ures, altered hydrology, culvert and bridge projects that can effect upstream migration, and of course high levels if sedimentation within effected drai nages.

The lowest section of the Puyallup River, from the confluence with the White River at RM 10.4 to Commencement Bay is confined by levees and the habitat lacks complexity. The small amount of suit able gravel present is often compacted and offers little spawning opportunity. Steelhead have been observed spawning just upstream from the White River confluence; the lowest documented spawning of any species in the river.

The river continues to be tightly confined by le vees on both sides with the expected lack of channel complexity (top photo on previous page). These le vee constraints continue from the White River con fluence to approximately RM 25, just south of the town of Orting. This reach is similar to the lower Puyallup, but does support sporadic spawning by chum, chinook and steelhead during their respective seasons. Along Orville Rd., upstream of Orting, a levee setback project was completed in the summer of 1999. Approximately 2 miles of new levee was built back from the original levee adding over a hundred acres to the floodplain in this reach. Sev eral high water events later, many side channels have formed and spawning gravel has been retained but only adult chum use has been documented. In late 2006, a 6000 foot levee setback was completed

upstream of the Callistoga Bridge in the town of Orting. This new setback added over 55 acres to the floodplain within this reach.

From RM 25.5 to 30.8 the channel is only partial ly contained by levees and there are several accessi ble side channels. There is little spawning activity within this reach due to the higher gradient and result ing increase in aver age substrate size. Upstream from Pu get Sound Energy’s Electron powerhouse at RM 30.8 the river flows through a deep, narrow canyon (right photo). There are many small ver tical drops and be drock cascades within this 6 mile canyon, all of which are passable to salmon and steelhead. There are frequent spawning opportunities in the tailouts of the many deep pools located within this reach.

From the top of the canyon, to the diversion dam at RM 41.7, the river is moderately confined and provides several high quality spawning opportuni ties. The highest densities of steelhead spawning in the Puyallup River occur within this reach. With the completion of the Electron Fish Ladder (RM 41.7) in the fall of 2000, anadromous fish passage was restored for the first time since 1904. There are approximately 26+ miles of usable habitat above the diversion and surveys are conducted occasionally in response to the Puyallup Tribes live surplus hauls each fall.

The Mowich River converges with the Puyallup River at RM 42.3, this is approximately 0.5 miles above the Electron Diversion Dam. The glacial headwaters of the Mowich River originate from the Edmunds, and the North and South Mowich glaci ers on the west slope of Mt. Rainier. Significant tri butaries to the Mowich include; Crater, Spray, Meadow and Rushingwater Creeks. Species docu mented utilizing this basin include chinook, coho, cutthroat trout, and bull trout.

Puyallup River gorge



PUYALLUP RIVER JUVENILE SALMONID PRODUCTION ASSESSMENT PROJECT 2007 Written by:

Andrew Berger & Justin Paul

n 2000, the Puyallup Tribal Fisheries Depart ment started the Puyallup River Smolt Produc tion Assessment Project to estimate juvenile

production of native salmonids, with an emphasis on natural fall chinook salmon production and sur vival of hatchery and acclimation pond chinook. Since 2000, an E. G. Solutions’ 5ft diameter rotary screw trap located on the lower Puyallup at RM 10.6, just upstream of the confluence with the White River, has been used to estimate juvenile produc tion.

As more data becomes available, juvenile produc tion estimates may provide baseline information al lowing managers to meet escapement objectives in the watershed create a production potentialbased management strategy and accurately forecast future returns of hatchery and naturally produced adults. In addition, a basin spawner/recruit analysis will indicate stock productivity, helping to determine the overall health of the watershed and evaluate the contribution of enhancement projects.

Trapping Gear and Operations The rotary screwtrap used in this study consists of a rotary cone suspended within a steel structure on top of twin, 30foot pontoons. The opening of the rotary cone is 5 feet in diameter, allowing for a sampling depth of 2.5 feet. The cone and livebox as sembly are attached to a steel frame and may be raised or lowered by hand winches located at the front and rear of the assembly.

Two fiveton bowmounted anchor winches with 3/8’’ steel cables were used to secure and adjust the direction of the trap and keep it in the thalweg. The cables were secured to trees on opposite banks. An additional rear cable was secured to a tree on the right bank along with an aluminum “stiffarm” to further stabilize the trap. Four 55gallon containers filled with water were secured on the deck at the rear of the trap to compensate for the generation of force at the front of the trap during operation.

The 5ft diameter rotary screw trap was installed in the lower Puyallup River (RM 10.6) just above the confluence with the White River. Trap opera tion began on February 24 th and continued 24 hours a day, seven days a week until August 8 th . The trap was checked for fish twice a day at dawn and dusk. In some instances, the trap was checked plus or mi nus two hours of dusk or dawn due to the availabili ty of personnel. During hatchery releases and high flow events, personnel remained onsite through the night to clear the trap of debris and to keep fish from overcrowding.

Revolutions per minute (rpm), water tempera ture, secchi depth (cm), turbidity (NTU), weather conditions, and stream flow (cfs) were described for each completed trap check. A cross sectional area of the river at the smolt trap was taken to monitor channel morphology at the site.

Goals and Objectives The goal of this project is to report production esti mates, characterize juvenile migration timing, de scribe length distribution for all wild salmonid, out migrants and fulfill the objectives of the Puyallup River fall chinook recovery plan. To reach these goals, this study will produce popula tion estimates of outmigrating smolts, estimate species specific migration timing, compare natural

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versus hatchery production and run timing, analyze mean fork length of wild smolts and detail species composition of the sample population. The objectives of this project are to:

1. Estimate juvenile production for all salmo nids in the Puyallup River and determine freshwater survival for unmarked juvenile chinook.

2. Estimate inriver mortality of hatchery and acclimation pond chinook.

3. Investigate physical factors such as, light (day vs. night), flow and turbidity and their importance to trap efficiency.

In this report for the 2007 smolt outmigration sea son all stated objectives will be met for chinook sal mon. Nontarget species such as coho, pink, chum and steelhead will be addressed to a lesser extent.

Sampling Procedures Smolts were anesthetized with MS222 (tricaine methanesulfonate) for handling purposes and sub sequently placed in a recovery bin of river water be fore release back to the river. Juveniles were identi fied as natural or hatchery origin as unmarked or marked respectively. Fork length (mm) was meas ured and recorded for unmarked fish. When possi ble, 50 chum, 50 pinks, 50 age1+ coho, 25 age 0+ co ho, 25 age 0+ chinook, and 25 steelhead were meas ured per day. Scale samples were additionally tak en on all wild steelhead smolts.

Species were separated by size/age class. Coho were identified as fry, age 0+ (<70mm) or smolts, age 1+ (>70mm). Chinook smolts were separated by age 0+ (<150mm) or age 1+ (>150mm). All chum and pinks were identified as age 0+. Trout fry age 0+ (<60mm) were not differentiated to species.

Hatchery origin fish were identified in three ways: 1) by visual inspection for adipose fin clips, 2) with a Northwest Marine Technology “wand” detec tor used for coded wire tag detection, and 3) with a Destron Fearing Portable Transceiver system for Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tagged fish.

To request a full copy of the 2007 report, contact the Puyallup Tribal Fisheries Department.

Summary of 2007 Results * For the 2007 migration season production esti mates were completed for Chinook, coho, and chum migrants.

* Natural Chinook production was estimated at 12,257 migrants from a catch of 243 unmarked Chi nook. Outmigration occurred between February 24 th and August 8 th .

* Chum production was estimated at 66,638 mi grants passing the trap in 2007 from a catch of 2,339 chum fry.

* A total of 370 unmarked coho smolts were cap tured in the screw trap between March 2 nd and July 25 th . The production estimate for wild coho for the 2007 smolt trap season was 34,906.

* 25 unmarked steelhead were caught in the smolt trap in 2007. No production estimates were com pleted for steelhead migrants.



RODY CREEK 10.0028

ody Creek, a tributary to Clarks Creek, is part of the lower Puyallup River drainage system. Rody is approximately 1.6 miles in

length; however, only the lower 0.6 miles is accessi ble to adult spawners. Rody Creek can be located just northeast of downtown Puyallup where the creek passes under Pioneer Way E. through an un dersized, yet typically fish passable culvert at RM 0.5. Rody has numerous deficits including but not limited to; a confined and straightened channel, in termittent or complete fish barriers, no offchannel habitat, flooding and channel erosion, absent or de ficient riparian cover, and the infestation of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea).

Rody Creek does however offer some suitable ha bitat for coho and chum spawners, as well as over wintering juvenile coho. Adult fluvial bull trout are known to forage in the smaller tributaries of the lower Puyallup; yet bull trout utilization in Rody is currently unknown. Insufficient flows prevent chi

nook from accessing the creek in late summer.

Approximately 300400 feet of ana dromous usage is available above the

culvert under Pioneer Way; however, a 3 foot high stone barrier prevents fish passage above this point (bottom left). Above the stone barrier, additional habitat is available and could be utilized if the blockage were removed. During the 2006 spawning season, significant numbers of chum were observed spawning in the reach upstream of Pioneer Way E. In sharp contrast to the reach below Pioneer Way E., the upper reach of the creek has the only intact riparian zone which con sists largely of alder.

Downstream, from Pio neer Way E. to the mouth, Rody flows through a chan nel that is best described as an incised and straightened drainage ditch (top right). The habitat throughout most of the lower half mile reach of Rody Creek is remarkably poor; much of the accessible channel has no suitable spawning gravel, and the riparian consist more or less entirely of blackberry, turf grass, and reed ca nary grass (Phalaris arundinacea). The reed canary grass can be overwhelming during some seasons; often choking extended lengths of the channel and trapping or preventing fish from migrating through. In addition, the grass traps and holds large amounts of fine materials, consequently covering the spawning substrate. The channel generally be comes surveyable after the first freshet of the sea son. However, chum salmon are regularly observed spawning in the stream when the channel clears. Several chum spawn each season in a section of avail able habitat just be low Pioneer (top left & lower right). An extremely high water event in the January of 2006 redistributed a large quantity of gravel throughout the channel for approximately 300 feet below Pioneer Way. A half mile down stream of culver passage under Pioneer, Rody Creek passes under 66 th and dumps into Clarks Creek, a tributary of the Puyallup River.

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RUSHINGWATER CREEK 10.0625

ushingwater Creek originates from the Up per and Lower Golden Lakes located in Mt. Rainier National Park. Rushingwater flows

over 5 miles from the lower lake to its confluence with the Mowich River at RM 0.6. Approximately the first 2 miles of the creek are anadromous. Downstream of the NPS boundary the creek flows through the Mt. BakerSnoqualmie National Forest before reaching private timber property. The lower reach of Rushingwater flows within the 355,000 acre Kapowsin tree farm owned by Hancock (Han cock Timber Resource Group), who purchased the property in 2005. Logging roads and timber har vesting have impacted sections of the stream, specif ically windthrow located along the lower reach. Ru shingwater supports adult and juvenile chinook (planted) and coho (planted and NOR). Steelhead and bull trout utilization is unknown. However, bull trout utilization is implicit, to some degree, since they are well documented in the Mowich. Surveys for steelhead have not been conducted.

One of two acclimation ponds used for reintro ducing coho, and occasionally chinook, into a 30 mile reach of the Upper Puyallup River is located just off the main channel of Rushingwater at RM 0.6 (top left photo). The pond holds 14,000 cu. ft. of water with a flow rate of 13 cfs; currently 40,000 to 100,000+ coho yearlings are imprinted and released from Rushingwater annually. Coho yearlings origi nate from Voight Creek Hatchery where they are adipose clipped and coded wire tagged. Fish are re leased at 20 fish per pound, for a total biomass of 10,000 pounds. In addition to the acclimation of ju venile coho, adult surplus coho and chinook from

Voight Creek Hatchery have been planted in Ru shingwater since 1997. Limited surveys were con ducted in the past to determine how suc cessful the adult plants were. Howev er, no fish were planted in 2004. In stead, the first natu rally retuning adult coho were allowed to spawn without intrusion from hatchery planted coho. Fu ture live plants may be reduced or eliminated based on the number of naturally returning spawners.

Dividing this stream into four reaches, the lowest reach covers the first mile of the creek. This initial reach consists of a complex rifflepool system (top right) with considerably large substrate; consisting of large gravel, cobble and boulders. Several windblown trees, the result of poor RMZ manage ment, span the channel at RM 0.5. Abundant in stream woody debris and a moderate to dense cano py cover extend through most of this reach. Beaver activity is frequent throughout the upper portion. Beyond this, in reach 2, the creek climbs nearly 1000 feet over the next 2 miles (center right). An impassable cascade is located within this reach preventing any further upstream migra tion.

The 3 rd reach harbors significantly different ha bitat. For about the next mile the creek assumes a placid flow and contains excellent spawning habitat, as well as considerable amounts of beaver activity and LWD structures (bottom right). This reach is one of the sites where adult surplus coho are planted. The final reach of Rushing water once again climbs swiftly (2,000 feet) over the next 1.6 miles to the outlet of Golden Lake at 4,500 feet.

R



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119

169

237

371

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486

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106

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92 100

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Rushingwater Creek Surplus Adult Coho Plants (19972007)

MALE COHO

FEMALE COHO 14

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104,

500

84,0

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Rushingwater Creek Juvenile Coho And Chinook Acclimation Pond Plants (19982008)

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CHINOOK



SALMON CREEK 10.0035

almon Creek, also known as Strawberry Creek, flows just north of downtown Sumner. The creek channel is narrow and incised (top

photo), especially along the lower 0.5 miles. Most of the creek flows through moderately developed pri vate and commercial properties before entering the White River at RM 2.1. In 2004, the City of Sumner completed a large wetland restoration project adja cent to the lower reach of Salmon Creek (RM 0.4). The 11 acre site was the result of a mitigation set tlement with Davis Properties and Fred Myers.

Several of the limiting factors impacting fish production in Salmon Creek include; a confined and straightened channel, intermittent fish barriers, disconnected floodplain, channel erosion, absent or deficient riparian cover, and low summer and fall flows. High sediment inputs, industrial discharge, and lack of channel habitat are additional limiting factors.

The riparian along portions of the creek consist of sparse stands of alder, fir and maple. Unfortu nately, large sections of the stream riparian consist of nothing other than blackberry, turf grass, and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) which provide little in the way of shade or LWD inputs. The substrate is largely fine sediment, clay, and un dersized gravel; however, limited patches of ade

quate sized spawning gravel, principally throughout the lower section of the creek, are available. Most of the spawning habitat within the creek, although quite limited, exists in the lower 0.5 miles of the creek. It’s likely that a good deal of the gravel present is recruited from Salmon Tributary. Fish do ascend above the first half mile despite the fact that spawning opportunities are few and the habitat is generally of poorer quality. In response to the li mited spawning habitat available, several of the salmon observed in Salmon Creek are likely to be ascending to the spring fed tributary, Salmon Tribu tary, which enters Salmon Creek at RM 0.5 on the right bank. The additional steady flow into Salmon Creek from this perennial tributary contributes greatly to the accessibility of chinook during the late summer and early fall, when instream flows are fre quently too low for chinook to enter.

Salmon Creek supports adult chinook, pink, co ho, and chum spawners; with chum being the most abundant species present. Coho are observed spawning; however their numbers continue to be low. Steelhead and bull trout utilization is un known. Prior to 2005, Salmon Creek was not regu larly surveyed for chinook since they were seldom observed. Yet, a few carcasses were documented during the prior 10 years in the lower 300 feet of the creek while conducting coho surveys. Chinook have been observed spawning throughout the lower 0.5 miles of the creek since 2005.

A new culvert was installed near the mouth of Salmon Creek during the summer of 2007 (bottom right photo). The culvert was installed to facilitate the construction of an access road across the creek channel in order to reach a future industrial ware house development on the north side of the creek. Future plans also include removing the older under sized cement culverts that have been responsible for fish passage issues in the past.

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138

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82

47

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44

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Salmon Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19912007) LIVE

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SALMON TRIBUTARY 10.0036

almon Tributary is a short run, springfed stream entering Salmon Creek (Strawberry Creek) at RM 0.5. Salmon Tributary has ap

proximately 0.13 miles (700 feet) of highly produc tive spawning habitat. The lower anadromous reach consists of a low to moderate gradient channel with excellent spawning gavel available throughout its length (lower left & upper right photos). Al though the creek lacks significant structure, it manages quit well to supports adult chum and coho spawners, as well as providing limited overwinter ing opportunities for juvenile coho and chinook.

Beyond the anadromous reach the creek climbs quickly, to which inevitable, impassable cascades prevent any further upstream migration. The ripa rian along the lower reach of the creek consists largely of alder, as well as a few conifers and holly. A few pieces of small instream woody debris are present; however, LWD recruitment is limited and

undersized. The riparian along the upper non anadromous reach is well in tact.

In the past, two perched

culverts located on Salmon Creek have been respon sible for periodically prevented adult salmon, pri marily chum, from accessing Salmon Tributary. The upper culvert on Salmon Creek often created a significant fish passage problem until late 2007, when bank erosion permit ted the creek to breech the culvert along the right bank. Future plans also include re moving the two lower undersized cement culverts that have long been responsible for fish passage is sues.

Beyond RM 0.13, the gradient increases substan tially and the channel narrows. The increase in gradient and flow is by and large an obstacle to chum, which are the most abundant species to spawn in the creek. Salmon Tributary regularly supports a large run of chum salmon for a stream of its size. Unfortunately, the densities of adults dur ing some seasons has been too high, and redd supe rimposition was recurrent; especially during and following the peak spawning period. In addition, during the years that high spawning densities were observed, an extreme increase in the number of pre spawned mortalities due to predation were also ob served (lower right). Chum fry will spend some de gree of time rearing in the creek. The process of smoltification occurs quickly and the chum will migrate towards marine waters shortly after emerging from the gravel.

Coho are often observed in the fall spawning in the lower 250 feet of the creek. Flows in Salmon Tributary are too low to provide chinook or steel head access to spawn, yet chinook have been ob served spawning in Salmon Creek at the mouth of Salmon Tributary. Small, low gradient pools at the mouth provide excellent habitat for young chinook and coho; newly emerged coho fry are regularly ob served in January during the later part of chum surveys.

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363

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Salmon Tributary Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19932007)

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SILVER CREEK 10.0313

ilver Creek is a right bank headwaters tribu tary of the White River located at RM 60.5, just outside of the Northern boundary of Mt.

Rainier National Park. Silver Creek originates along the Crystal Mountain ridge within the Wenat chee National Forest, and flows for over 7 miles through steep mountainous terrain, dropping nearly 3,000 feet from its source until reaching its conflu ence with the White River just West of Highway 410. Silver Creek has one major tributary; 4.4 mile Goat Creek (10.0314), which enters on the right bank of Silver Creek 0.2 miles up from its mouth. Upstream of Goat Creek there are numerous small er unnamed tributaries contributing flow to Silver Creek as well.

The surrounding riparian zone consists of some old growth conifers, and a mixture of younger con iferous and deciduous trees. The instream habitat throughout the lower 0.5 miles of Silver Creek con

sists of mostly moderate to high gradient cas cades with shal low and mod erately deep scour pools. The scour pools and

some low energy pocket areas provide what little spawning habitat is available along the lower creek. Incredibly, the few spawning habitat areas availa ble are utilized each season by bull trout. In 2007, the South Puget Sound Salmon Enhancement Group (SPSSEG) with funding from the USFWS and the USFS, completed the removal of an old di version dam suspected of causing a barrier to mi grating salmon and bull trout. The removal of this aged structure has enhanced access to available spawning habitat upstream.

Bull Trout, which are often observed spawning in Silver Springs, were not surveyed for in Silver Creek prior to 2006. However, in 2006 and 2007, a bull trout migration and spawning ground telemetry study was conducted by PTF on the White River. In support of the project, several bull trout captured in the USACE Buckley trap were implanted with radio transmitters. The radio tagged fish were then tracked over the next 6 months from their release site at RM 45 near the community of Greenwater, to several spawning sites located in the upper White River including Silver Creek. A tagged bull trout during the 2006 study was observed holding in Sil ver Creek prior to spawning at a site approximately 200 feet upstream from the mouth (1 redd observed in 2006). In addition to 2006, bull trout spawning activity was documented along the lower 200 feet of the creek in 2007 (2 redds observed).

Although entirely feasible, steelhead utilization is currently unknown since no surveys have been conducted to determine usage. However, coho, chi nook, pink and sockeye are frequently observed in nearby Silver Springs Creek; yet, with the exception of an occasional coho, PTF biologist have not ob served any other salmon species spawning in Silver Creek.

Interestingly, Silver Creek is also the final rest ing place of Henry C. Allen (lower right), a civil war veteran, and Purple Heart reci pient who fought with the 16th Wisconsin Infantry, then relo cated to the region after the war. He was found frozen in the winter of 1898 near his trap lines and was buried on site.

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SILVER SPRINGS CREEK 10.0332A

ilver Springs is a short, springfed headwater tributary to the White River (RM 60.5). With its clear and consistent flow, this cool spring

offers excellent spawning and rearing habitat for several species of salmonids. Erupting from a small bench along the forest floor within the Silver Springs Campground; this spring creek runs adja cent to Hwy. 410, approximately 0.5 mile north of the Mt. Rainier National Park boarder. Silver Springs flows for approximately 0.3 miles within a low gradient pool riffle channel. At a point along the lower creek, the channel passes through an un dersized, yet fish passable culver under the campgrounds oneway road.

The creek contains a moderate amount of inter active instream LWD, in addition to one significant longterm woody debris jam located in the lower channel. The overstory riparian consists largely of mature conifers, in addition to several hardwoods located near the confluence with the White River and Silver Creek. Typical of this type of stream, the substrate is made up primarily of sand and small gravel. However, several pockets of excellent spawning gravel are present throughout the reach, although it is frequently obscured by fine sand. The entire channel of Silver Springs runs within the floodplain of the WhiteRiver, and has on occasion been inundated by silt and woody debris from the

White during highwater and flood events. In addi tion, the mouth of Silver Creek has frequently been relocated a couple of hundred feet due to the influ ence of the White River.

Silver Springs is principally a coho stream; how ever, several species including spring chinook, sock eye, pink salmon, and bull trout have been docu mented spawning in the creek at some period over the past several seasons. Although steelhead are present in the upper watershed, their utilization of Silver Springs is unknown. With the exception of coho, the other species documented in the creek have not been observed spawning on consistent an nual basis. A small number of chinook were ob served spawning during the 2001, 2006 and 2007 seasons. Pink salmon were observed spawning in the creek in 2003, 2005, and 2007; as well as a couple of sockeye in 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2007.

Adult salmon spawning in Silver Springs Creek were previously captured at the USACE fish trap in Buckley, and transported above Mud Mountain dam. Since precise escapement numbers are known, surveys are conducted to determine fish dis tribution and spawning success. Silver Springs is the second highest point at which adult salmon are observed; several dead pink salmon were observed in Sunrise Creek in 2007. Sunrise is located 2.5 miles upstream, inside Mt. Rainier National Park, making it the highest salmon migration point do cumented by PTF staff.

Bull trout spawning in Silver Springs generally commences in ear ly September (right photo) short ly before the coho appear. However, in contrast to sev eral of the other headwater tributa ries bull trout are known to spawn in, bull trout spawning in Silver Springs is somewhat inconsistent. It’s conceivable the creeks proximity to campsites, as well as two foot bridges plus a road crossing, and the presence of campers, is disrupting bull trout spawning. The campground is open and active through the first week of October; closing just as coho are arriving.

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SOUTH PRAIRIE CREEK 10.0429

outh Prairie Creek is a major tributary of the Carbon River, entering the Carbon near RM 6, just downstream of the Highway 162 and

Foothills Trail bridge crossings. With a drainage area over 90 mi 2 , South Prairie Creek is considered one of the most productive drainages in the Puyal lup/White River watershed. The headwaters origi nate along the northwest foothills of Mt. Rainier within the Mt. BakerSnoqualmie National Forest. The mainstem creek flows for over 21.5 miles; cours ing its way through or near the communities of Wil keson, Burnett, and South Prairie. The creek offers critical spawning and rearing habitat for adult and juvenile salmonids including; chinook, pink, coho, chum and steelhead. Bull trout have been docu mented in the creek, but distribution and utilization is unknown. Limiting factors associated with South Prairie include; low summer flows, channel confinement and narrowing, bank erosion, discon nected floodplain, water quality (303 (d) listed for temperature), areas of deficient riparian cover, and invasive plant species (reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cus pidatum), and blackberry).

The anadromous range extends roughly the first 15 miles of the mainstem; a series of impassable falls near RM 15.4 prevents any further upstream migration. Tributaries including Wilkeson, Spike ton, Beaver, plus several unnamed tributaries, add

miles of additional spawning and rearing habitat, as well as flow contributions.

From the mouth, upstream to RM 12.6, the stream is typically a low to moderate gradient pool riffle channel with many deep pools and a few short low gradient cascades. The lower 8 miles flows within a broad valley floor and spawning opportuni ties for all species is abundant throughout. Land use along this section is mainly agricultural and re creational. Chinook spawning occurs primarily within the lower 8 miles, while coho show increased usage throughout the middle and upper sections of the 15 mile anadromous reach. South Prairie expe riences a unique laterun of coho, which often spawn into late February and early March. Chum regular ly utilize the lower 3 miles heavily but have been observed well above RM 10. Steelhead utilize areas along the entire stream below the barrier falls; how ever usage is reduced in the canyon reach below the falls. The valley walls narrow significantly above RM 8; at this point the creek channel becomes more confined and the gradient increases (left photo). Spawning and rearing opportunities are still preva lent here, as is the increase in LWD and LWD in puts from the surrounding forest.

From RM 12.6 to the falls at RM 15.4, the chan nel gradient increases substantially and the creek channel becomes moderately to extremely confined within a steep canyon. Spawning and rearing op portunities are severely reduced or nonexistent. Spawning gravel is scarce in this upper reach and many heavily scoured bedrock sections exist.

The riparian zone changes dramatically over the 15.4 miles of anadromous stream. The upper can yon reach flows through a commercial forest and streamside vegetation consists of second growth fir and alder. Buffer widths along recent harvest areas are generally wider than the state regulated mini mum due to steep, potentially unstable slopes along the canyon. From RM 12.6 to RM 6.0 the riparian zone is relatively intact, consisting of mature hard woods with some fir. Below this point, to the con fluence, significant portions of the banks are ar mored and streamside residential development is common. Much of the lower 6 miles flows through active agricultural land where alder and cottonwood are the most common streamside tree species.

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2008 South Prairie steelhead graphs were generated using survey data collected by WDFW.

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SQUALLY CREEK 10.0024

qually Creek is a small tributary located within the larger 12.1 mi 2 Clear Creek Basin (10.0022). The Clear Creek Basin drains the

plateaus and flatlands running along the southern valley of the lower Puyallup River, just west of the city of Puyallup. Encompassing an area of nearly 1 square mile, Squally Creek is the smallest of three main tributaries feeding Clear Creek. Squally ori ginates along the upper valley plateau near 72 nd

Street East and flows north dropping through a steep narrow canyon along the valley wall. Near the foot of the valley the creek passes under Pioneer Way and the BNSF rail line before reaching Clear Creek.

Approximately the first .21 miles of the creek provides the only suitable habitat for spawning and rearing; beyond this the creek begins to climb the valley wall preventing further upstream migration.

Several of the fish and habitat limiting factors involved with Squally in cluding; channel confine ment, intermittent or complete fish barriers, no offchannel habitat, com pacted substrate, flooding and channel erosion, ab sent or deficient riparian

cover, and the influx of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) and blackberry. In addition, there is some development along the creek; primarily pri vate residential, as well as storm runoff that is channeled into the creek. A large detention pond built by Pierce County is located on the western tri butary of upper Squally. The pond was constructed to address excessive storm runoff and sediment is sues.

The .21 mile anadromous segment has two short distinct reaches, one below and one above Pioneer Way. Downstream of Pioneer Way, the channel is deeply incised with a substrate consisting of mod erately compacted gravel, clay, and abundant fines (top& botttom left photos). This substrate type is typical of the entire basin; a result of glacial depo sits and compaction. Natural channel cutting through this hardened substrate has created a two foot jump in the channel; prevented chum from as cending beyond the lower 200 feet for the past sev eral seasons. The riparian is sparse along the lower 300 feet, consisting mainly of a few small alders, blackberry, and reed canary grass. The last 80 feet of the creek runs through a culvert passing under the BNSF railroad tracks (lower right), where Squally finally meets with Clear Creek. Squally is mainly utilized by chum, although, a few coho are occasionally observed spawning in the lower stretch of the creek during Decem ber. Chum frequently spawn within the culvert where accumulations of gravel can be several inches deep. No adult chinook or steelhead usage has been documented.

Upstream of where the creek passes under Pioneer Way, the gradient increases and the less confined channel quickly becomes braided. Due to the chan nel braiding in this reach, the stream depth is often shallow. However, there are several pieces of hard wood debris present, as well as moderate quantities of suitable spawning gravel. The riparian along this section consists mostly of alder. Unfortunately, no spawning activity has been observed in this reach for several seasons.

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SWAN CREEK 10.0003

wan Creek is a moderate sized tributary located within the larger Clear Creek Basin (10.0022). The Clear Creek Basin drains the

plateaus and flatlands running along the southern valley of the lower Puyallup River, between the ci ties of Puyallup and Tacoma. The head waters of Swan Creek originate just south of Highway 512, and flow just over 6 miles north to meet up with Clear Creek near Pioneer Way E. The Swan Creek basin drains a moderately developed land area of nearly 4 mi 2 . The land use along the creek is large ly rural residential and recreational. The average water discharge recorded by the USGS flow gauge (#12102190) for a five year period (19901991, 1995 1997) was 4.78 ft 3 /second.

Several of the fish and habitat limiting factors involved with Swan Creek including; channel con finement, intermittent or complete fish barriers, un stable substrate, flooding and channel erosion, ab sent or deficient riparian cover, invasive nonnative plants, and water quality (bacteria). In addition, there is some development present along the creek; primarily private residential, as well as storm run off that is channeled into the creek. A large deten tion pond built by Pierce County is located on the lower reach of the creek. The pond was constructed

to address excessive sediment and gravel movement issues.

Although Swan Creek has been surveyed for sev eral salmon species including chinook, coho, chum and steelhead; only chum are observed in relatively strong numbers (top right). In addition to chum, li mited numbers of coho are observed spawning in the creek in December. However, substantial numbers of coho ju veniles are often ob served in the spring. Un fortunately, summer and early fall flows are too low to allow chinook access to the creek. Although bull trout utilization is unknown within Swan Creek; adult fluvial bull trout are known to forage in the smaller tributaries of the lower Puyallup. Swan also supports a large population of cutthroat trout, which can be observed spawning in the spring. Two steelhead redds were observed during the April 2004 survey season. They were the first steelhead redds seen in Swan Creek in several years. However, no steelhead redds have been ob served since. Other species present in the creek in clude catfish, lamprey, and sculpins.

From its origins, the creek flows within a narrow distinct channel for approximately 3 miles through the upland plateau south of 72 nd Street East. Near 72 nd , the creek begins to drop into an increasingly narrow valley. The creek passes through a large concrete box culvert under 64 th Street E.; then drops nearly three feet back into the creek channel. This jump in eleva tion is an up stream bar rier to all spe cies; with the exception of steelhead, which may be able to pass if flows are high enough. However, spawning opportunities are

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Chum salmon



extremely limited and the habitat quality is poor upstream of this point.

Downstream of the culvert, the next 0.2 miles of the creek flows though a well defined channel with little spawning habitat or complexity. Beyond this, the creek channel takes on more complexity due to the placement of sill logs which hold back bed load and create pool habitat through this narrow valley section (previous pagelower right). Unfortunately, one of the structures has developed into a likely barrier to upstream migration during low flows. This narrow valley reach continues for approximate ly the next 1.8 miles until the gradient and the val ley walls begin to ease around RM 0.8. The channel

dynamics change consi derable through this reach; from a single well de fined channel to braided sec tions. There

are several pieces of instream LWD; as well as, sev eral smaller pieces of wood and woody debris jams (center left). Several sections of the banks consist of actively eroding compacted glacial debris; contribut ing fine and small course materials into the stream channel. Spawning habitat is available throughout; yet, the substrate is largely made up of fine sand and undersized gravel. The RMZ is well intact along the valley section; consisting largely of mature Doulas fir, alder, cottonwood and maple. A rapid shift in the RMZ occurs around RM 1.5; at this point the surrounding forest consists primarily of a much thinner stand of alder, cottonwood and maple. To a large extent, the lower part of Swan Creek passes through the 290acre Swan Creek Park. The park is largely undeveloped with a hiking trail paralleling the creek.

From RM 0.8 to 0.5, the stream is poolriffle in character and contains good spawning gravel, ripa rian diversity and channel complexity. There is also a noticeable decrease in LWD and woody debris in the channel. Swan Creek is prone to high water events however, and the substrate is only moderate ly stable. A sediment detention pond is located at RM 0.5 (bottom photo) and is dredged annually or biannually by Pierce County. During these events, fisheries staff from the Puyallup Tribe seines the pond before dredging to remove the majority of fish present, and relocates the fish captured downstream of the work site. A large wooden wing wall is in place at the head of the pond to direct the creek to wards the detention pond.

Just downstream of the detention pond, the creek flows through a short narrow channel and under Pioneer Way E. Much of the channel is confined by riprap. The RMZ along this short stretch is ex tremely poor and heavy erosion is occurring along the left bank. The creek then flows a few hun dred feet before reaching the Haire Wetlands (lower left). Some restoration work has been com pleted in the past on the lower reach of the creek. In 2001, a 12acre site located just downstream of Pioneer Way was utilized to develop a side channel for overwintering juveniles and as a means of re connecting Swan Creek to the Haire Wetlands. In addition, the restoration included the removal of invasive and nonnative plant species, and replant ing the area with native trees and shrubs. The City of Tacoma financed the Haire Wetlands restoration site along Clear and Swan Creeks through the Nat ural Resource Damages Assessment Program

(NRDA).

A sediment detention pond on Swan Creek is located at RM 0.5.

Haire Wetland



0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

11/8/07 11/20/07 11/29/07 12/6/07 12/13/07 12/27/07 1/8/08

NU

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DATE SURVEYED

2007 Swan Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing

LIVE

DEAD 7

131

84

7 6

77

47

17

252

217

692

928

104

1,49

2

1,19

6

9 41

20

6

38

38 11

3

222

574

792

100

553 60

0

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NU

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SEASON SURVEYED

Swan Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19922007)

LIVE DEAD



VOIGHT CREEK 10.0414

oight Creek is a tributary to the lower Carbon River, entering the Carbon at RM 4.0 just southeast of the community of Orting. Voight

Creek originates along the northwest foothills of Mt. Rainier, just west of Martin Peak and north of the Mowich River. The creek flows for nearly 20 miles in a northwest direction until it joins the Carbon River. Encompassing a drainage area of nearly 23 mi 2 , the mainstem creek offers roughly 4 miles of anadromous usage, as well as some spawning and rearing habitat offered by Coplar Creek entering at RM 0.7. The 4 miles of anadromous habitat in Voight’s supports chinook, coho and steelhead; as well as occasional pink and chum spawners. Various fish and habitat limiting factors associated with Voight creek include; erosion, flooding, water quality (temperature), chan nel confinement, loss of off channel habitat and a dis connected flood plain on the lower reach, an intermit tent fish barrier created by a water diversion dam, and water withdrawal.

Voight Creek is currently surveyed for steelhead only due to the presence of the state salmon hat chery. The WDFW hatchery has a fall chinook and coho program, making routine natural escapement surveys for these species unnecessary. However, the weir designed to prevent fish passage above the hat chery has proven to be ineffective for several years;

therefore, allowing hatchery fish to access the upper 3.4 miles of the creek to spawn naturally.

An impassable falls located at RM 3.9 blocks any further upstream migration. Steelhead are frequent ly observed spawning throughout the entire 3.5 mile stretch above the hatchery. Unfortunately, steelhead escapement in Voight Creek has fallen considerably over the past few years. Winter steelhead popula tions in the Puyallup basin have been declining for nearly the past two decades. The steep decline ob served in steelhead escapement over the past few years has created serious concern among fisheries managers. Factor(s) responsible for the decline in steelhead escapement are unknown.

The stream channel varies a great deal in com plexity. The lower mile is confined by armored banks and levees, with large segments of significantly defi cient riparian cover and negligible instream LWD. A water diversion dam near RM 1.2 can block upstream migrating fish during low flow periods. Fortunately, there are several spawning opportunities available below the dam. The gradient throughout this lower reach is low; the substrate size is more consistent than the upper reach, although smaller and some what compacted. Upstream of the diversion dam, the channel begins to encounter the influences of the val ley walls. The gradient increases slightly; however, the channel is no longer confined, allowing the creek to branch out creating several braids and significant side channels over the next 0.8 miles. The riparian throughout this section is well intact and there is a significant increase in LWD.

Near RM 2, the valley walls close in tightly and the channel is naturally restricted to a defined mod erate sized channel and narrow gorges (lower right). The surrounding riparian is primarily a mix of 2nd growth conifer and deciduous trees. Nearly the en tire 2 mile reach from the diversion to the falls con tains excellent, although somewhat sporadic patches of gravel within a moderate gradient stream channel. Several pieces of LWD and signifi cant log jams are present throughout this reach as well.

V



The 2008 redd data is incomplete due to extremely poor survey conditions and access issues which prevented a reg ular full season of survey

44

48

33

9

18 16

1

4

7

10

4 2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

NU

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YEAR SURVEYED

Voight Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (19952008)

STEELHEAD REDDS



WHITE RIVER 10.0031

he White River (Stuck) is a vast and dynamic glacially driven river system. The headwa ters of the White originate from the Emmons

and Fryingpan glaciers on the north face of Mt. Rainier (above). Flowing 76.7 miles from its moun tain source to its eventual confluence with the Puyallup River; the White River Watershed drains an area of nearly 494 mi 2 . The White River has a drainage area nearly twice that of the Puyallup Riv er. However, the White and Puyallup drainages are often viewed and managed as two distinct and sepa rate entities. This management approach is due in part because prior to 1906, the White River did not flow into the Puyallup. Salo and Jagielo (1983) de scribed that prior to 1906; the majority of the White River flowed north towards Elliot Bay. Yet, some of the water from the White often flowed south to the Puyallup through the Stuck River channel. In No vember of 1906, a flood event mobilized a tremend ous amount of wood debris that blocked the north flowing channel in what is now downtown Auburn. The blockage forced the river to avulse and find a new channel. This newly created diversion sent nearly the entire White River flow down through the Stuck River channel into the Puyallup; more than doubling the size of the Puyallup River drai nage. In 1915, a concrete structure was con

structed, thereby permanently diverting the White River into the Puyallup.

Significant tributaries of the White include the West Fork White River, Huckleberry Creek, Clear water River, and the Greenwater River. The White River Watershed provides critical spawning and rearing habitat for several salmonids including sev eral ESA listed species such as; native White River spring chinook, winter steelhead and bull trout. Other nonthreatened species include coho, pink, chum, sockeye, rainbow trout and cutthroat. These tributaries, with the exception of the West Fork, are described in this report.

All adult salmon and steelhead that spawn in the Upper White River and its tributaries are initially captured in the USACE fish trap in Buckley; then transported above Mud Mountain dam (RM 29.6). Since precise escapement numbers for the Upper White River drainage are known, surveys are con ducted to determine fish distribution and spawning success. This is especially important regarding spring chinook, since adult production monitoring is part of the recovery plan.

The systems glacial origin is responsible for the turbid conditions that are most noticeable during warmer weather experienced during late spring and summer. The White River conveys a tremendous volume of bed load material which contributes to the dynamic nature of the system. The high sedi ment loads are responsible for the braided channel morphology characteristic of broad valley segments. This condition is most prevalent in the upper reach es within and immediately outside the National Park boundaries (river mile 56 to 71). Although this upper headwater segment provides little or nothing in the way of mainstem spawning opportunities, its pristine and unspoiled tributaries provide a great deal of the critical bull trout spawning and rearing habitat in the system. Sunrise Creek (RM 63), lo cated 2.5 miles inside Mt. Rainier National Park, marks the highest salmon migration point docu mented by PTF staff.

Downstream of the NPS boundary near RM 61, the mainstem river, as well as many of its tributa ries course through industrial forestlands including National Forest, but primarily within private tim ber company ownership. Much of these forestlands

T



have been harvested at least once and in many cas es twice. Lands in timber production areas are of ten densely roaded with some sections approaching six lineal miles per square mile. Roads have con tributed to many of their trademark problems such as landslides, slope failures, altered hydrology, cul vert and bridge projects that can effect upstream migration, and of course high levels if sedimentation within effected drainages. In contrast to the head waters reach, mainstem spawning opportunities are frequently available throughout much of the upper mainstem from RM 55 downstream to Mud Moun tain dam at RM 29.5. Chinook, coho and pink sal mon have all been observed spawning in the lower velocity margins of the mainstem within this sec tion.

The West Fork White River entering at RM 49.2 on the left bank is glacially driven as well, and is characterized by generally unconfined, often braided and complex channels. Abundant spawning gravels are present in pool tail, as well as the margins and low velocity areas along the lower river. Woody de bris is abundant although much of it has been depo sited too high to interact with the regular seasonal flows. To a great extent, the overstory riparian zone is either second growth conifer or hardwoods; except for the zone through Mt. National Park with consist of mostly old growth. Several tributaries including Pinochle, Cripple and Wrong Creeks; frequently support chinook, coho and pink spawners. In addi tion, the clear headwater tributaries of the West Fork; specifically Lodi Creek, provide several key spawning and rearing opportunities for bull trout.

There are approximately 5 miles of suitable ha bitat between Mud Mountain Dam and the USACE Buckley trap at RM 24.3; unfortunately, only mod est spawning at best takes place due to lack of fish access between the two facilities. Mud Mountain is an earthen dam built for flood control, and is a com plete blockage to upstream migration. It is for this reason that fish are captured at the diversion dam in Buckley and transported upstream and released above Mud Mountain. The Corps’ trapping facility is uniquely integrated into a diversion dam and flume intake that was, up until January 2004, used to divert water from the White River to generate power. Since Puget Sound Energy (PSE) ceased

power production, instream flows have increased considerably in the lower river. Thus far, some measure of water has continued to be diverted from the river to maintain the water levels and water quality in Lake Tapps. However, the effect on fish passage is the same; a small percentage of fish will fall back downstream below Mud Mountain; utiliz ing this disenfranchised reach of the river between the two facilities.

Downstream of the diversion dam at RM 24.3; to approximately RM 11, there is frequent and concen trated use by chinook, pink, coho and steelhead. Some chum spawning activity takes place within this reach as well; however, the majority of chum spawn below RM 15. When power production ended in 2004, this roughly 13 mile reach has abundant and excellent spawning gravel. There are signifi cant side channels, as well as LWD and log jams contributing to the complexity of the lower River. This reach provides numerous spawning and rear ing opportunities. One side channel complex, ap proximately a mile long, is located on the left bank directly below the Shaker Church access (RM 14.5). This long established channel supports chinook, pink and coho, as well as, the highest recent docu mentation of chum salmon spawning. Another sub stantial side channel not surveyed due to multiple debris jams blocking access, is located a couple of miles downstream on the left bank. Aerial surveys have documented both chinook and steelhead spawning in this side channel.

From approximately RM 11 downstream the channel is con strained by le vees (right pho to). The channel from this point loses complexity and there is a marked decrease in both spawn ing gravel and spawning activi ty of all species.

Lower White River at A Street in Auburn.



102

69 79

51

17

142

23

151

205

101

74

17 16

75

24

11 10 3

12 1

44

94 98

14 5

22

44

17 26

10 4

99

36

117

36

80

7

21

0

50

100

150

200

250

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NU

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DATE SURVEYED

White River Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19942007)

LIVE

DEAD

REDDS

510

184

255

301

42

367

120 14

7

188

17

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NU

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VE

D

SEASON SURVEYED

White River Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (20012007)

LIVE

DEAD

2006 and 2007 surveys were not conducted due to high flow conditions and poor visi bility.

N O T

S U R V E Y E D



WILKESON CREEK 10.0432

ilkeson Creek is a large tributary to lower South Prairie Creek (10.0429). Wilkeson flows for 12.3 miles from its source in the

Mt. BakerSnoqualmie National Forest, then pass ing through the community of Wilkeson (bottom left), before meeting South Prairie Creek (RM 6.7) just east of the town of South Prairie. Unfortunate ly, only the lower half of Wilkeson is accessible to salmon; a series of falls at RM 6.2 marks the upper extent of adult salmon and steelhead migration.

Several fish and habitat related issues associated with Wilkeson Creek include; erosion, water quality (temperature), channel confinement, low flows, wa ter withdrawal, and aquatic noxious weeds (Japa nese knotweedPolygonum cuspidatum). In addition, pieces of coal still visible in the creek channel con tinue to bring to light the regions coal mining histo ry and its affects on the creek. Currently, the pri mary land use along Wilkeson is rural residential, recreational, light commercial, and forest. Despite

these limitations, the Wilkeson Creek basin is a productive system, providing suitable spawning and rearing habitat for chinook, coho,

pink, chum and steelhead. However, chinook use is often limited due to the extremely low flows com mon in the creek during late summer and early fall. Bull trout utilization is unknown.

From the barrier falls at RM 6.2, down to approx imately RM 5.0, the creek is confined by valley walls; yet the channel width and gradient are con ducive to providing ample spawning opportunities for all species (top left). Coal Mine Creek, entering near RM 5.7, is the only significant tributary enter ing the anadromous segment of Wilkeson Creek. Coal Mine supports coho, chum and pink spawners.

Between RM 5 and 4.0, Wilkeson Creek meand ers through the town of Wilkeson, the channel is often deeply entrenched and the banks generally riprapped and confined. Spawning opportunities throughout this section are available, although, somewhat reduced compared to the rest of the creek. At RM 4.2, the Wilkeson Waste Water Treatment Plant discharges its treated domestic wastewater into the creek.

Below river mile 4.0 and the community of Wil keson, the creek travels through by and large unde veloped forested land until it reaches South Prairie. The lower 4 miles of Wilkeson is a poolriffle stream with a gravel/cobble substrate. With a few excep tions, abundant spawning gravel is present throughout this reach. The riparian along lower Wilkeson consists of hardwoods and conifers with an understory of vari ous native shrubs and vegetation. Large swaths of Japanese knot weed are also present along numer ous sections of the creek. Instream woody debris is plentiful providing both channel complexity and cover. The lower 3 miles are very natural (right), with a heavily wooded riparian zone, debris jams and several side channels offering excellent chum spawning oppor tunities, as well as overwintering habitat for juve nile coho, chinook and steelhead. The lower 1.5 miles of the creek often experiences the heaviest spawning effort by chinook, pink and chum. Whe reas, coho and steelhead focus more on the middle and upper reaches of the creek.

W



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

9/5/07 9/17/07 10/1/07 10/11/07 10/23/07

NU

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DATE SURVEYED

2007 Wilkeson Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing

LIVE

DEAD

REDDS

35

9

19

1 1

60

38

20

11 8

10 11

6

12

1

15 14

8 8

2

17

29

17 18

3

30

13 12

4 2 1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NU

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SEASON SURVEYED

Wilkeson Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19952007)

LIVE

DEAD REDDS



0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

8/21/07 9/5/07 9/17/07 10/1/07 10/11/07 10/23/07 11/2/07 11/27/07

NU

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DATE SURVEYED

2007 Wilkeson Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing

LIVE

DEAD 23

8 23 82

3

4,50

6

16,4

95

9,61

6

4 1 1 107

1,39

1

3,15

4

3,53

6

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

NU

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SEASON SURVEYED

Wilkeson Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (19952007) LIVE

DEAD



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

3/20/08 3/31/08 4/14/08 4/17/08 4/24/08 5/5/08 5/12/08 6/3/08 6/5/08

NU

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DATE SURVEYED

2008 Wilkeson Creek Steelhead Spawning Ground Counts LIVE

DEAD

REDDS

50

30

13

30

23 20

6

30 29

22

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

NU

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YEAR SURVEYED

Wilkeson Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (19992008)

STEELHEAD REDDS



WATERSHED ESCAPEMENT: Seasonal Comparisons of Spawning Ground Counts and

Buckley USACE Trap Escapements for Salmon and Steelhead. The following charts are separated by species and include both wild and hatchery origin spawning ground escapements. They are a compilation of the yearly survey totals conducted by the Puyallup Tribe Fisheries Department, the Washing ton Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the Army Corps of Engineers’ Buckley trap counts. These data yield an empir ical representation of total natural escapement for the entire WRIA 10: Puyallup/White River watershed. It is impor tant to note that the number of live fish observed and represented in the graphs is an accumulation of all fish seen throughout the survey season. The total number of live fish observed does not depict the estimated escapement which is derived through statistical analysis (AUC methodsee appendix F). The live and redds totals in the following graphs do not include the fish or redds observed above RM 24.3 on the White River, since these actual escapement totals are known from the USACE Buckley trap counts.

APPENDIX A



The live and redds totals in this graph do not include the chinook or redds observed above RM 24.3 on the White River; actual escapement totals are known from the USACE Buckley trap counts. The breakdown for the Buckley trap counts are listed in the section covering the Buckley USACE fish trap found earlier in this report.

The live totals in this graph do not include the coho observed above RM 24.3 on the White River; actual escapement totals are known from the USACE Buckley trap counts.

409

392 60

5 702

422

402

1,29

2 1,54

6

2,00

2

803

1,15

1

2,37

2

2,07

9

4,63

4

4,56

5

424

1,01

3

1,46

5

1,39

4

1,24

0

1,19

3 1,53

2

586

1,52

8

1,14

1

1,52

6

1,39

3

761

1,68

3

1,43

3

251 47

9

402

753

241 46

6

837

321

849

849 1,

029

856

515

959

643

105

698

577

1,06

0

233

502

924

213

531 71

0

411

938

284

738

160

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NU

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SEASON SURVEYED

Watershed Comparisons for Adult and Jack Chinook Salmon (19932007)

BUCKLEY COUNTS LIVE DEAD REDDS

1,37

9

6,50

3

2,73

3

927

7,98

8

1,78

2

1,06

5

21,591

6,02

2

6,37

0

16,7

48

14,3

41

13,8

93

8,42

0

12,6

20

976

2,61

7

1,69

3

1,90

2

2,66

2

1,25

2

1,28

3

5,00

5

1,78

9

6,37

1

2,92

4 4,04

6

6,25

2

1,32

5

1,74

5

209

444

661

355 1,

013

297

171

2,45

4

522 1,

809

414 1,

475

966

221 508

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NU

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Watershed Comparisons for Adult Coho Salmon (19932007) BUCKLEY COUNTS

LIVE

DEAD



The live and redds totals in this graph do not include the steelhead or redds observed above RM 24.3 on the White River; actual escapement totals are known from the USACE Buckley trap counts.

1,27

6 2,70

1

2,31

4 3,44

6

1,64

5

5,22

9

1,63

2 3,32

0

10,0

51

17,6

29

12,6

20

20,6

35

7,15

0

11,3

93

9,68

6

2,63

4

7,04

9

7,24

4

6,08

3

4,39

7

7,03

7

2,29

0

10,2

17 12

,679

18,5

08

5,03

2

19,5

06

4,65

2

12,6

06

5,43

7

2,28

6

5,47

2

6,13

0

4,44

1

3,61

9

3,76

1

1,68

5

7,19

0

11,2

09

18,0

06

5,11

6

14,2

73

4,95

8

7,19

6

4,59

0

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

NU

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SEASON SURVEYED

Watershed Comparisons for Adult Chum Salmon (19932007)

HATCHERY

LIVE

DEAD

369

435

524

162 183

152 163

276

214

67 81

43 45 54

137

49 28 37

8 8 2 6 3 3 5 5 0

337

383

265

231

357

135

367

269

218

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

NU

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Watershed Comparisons for Adult Steelhead (20002008) BUCKLEY COUNTS LIVE DEAD REDDS



The live and dead totals in this graph do not include the pink salmon observed above RM 24.3 on the White River; actual escapement totals are known from the USACE Buckley trap counts.

223

13,1

90 33,3

46 12

7,54

1

6,62

2 11,6

26

18,8

10

1,95

9

5,82

4

19,9

35

261,

038

613,

876

497,

841

3,76

9

3,13

9

2,98

7

208

1,50

2 3,94

1

29,7

94

21,7

16 64

,347

1

50

2,500

125,000

6,250,000

1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

NU

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Watershed Comparisons for Adult Pink Salmon (19912007)

BUCKLEY COUNTS

LIVE

DEAD



SALMON AND STEELHEAD DISTRIBUTION AND

SPAWNING UTILIZATION The following maps are separated by species; they represent the different distributions and spawning utilization areas within the watershed. The following maps were produced by Marilu Koschak, with the Northwest Indian Fisheries Commissions (NWIFC).

APPENDIX B



Puyallup/White River drainage area map.











20072008 CHINOOK AND BULL TROUT

REDD LOCATIONS (GPS)

APPENDIX C



2007 Boise Creek Chinook Redd Locations



2007 Clearwater River Chinook Redd Locations



2007 Fennel Creek Chinook Redd Locations



2007 Huckleberry Creek Chinook Redd Locations



2007 Kapowsin Creek Chinook Redd Locations



2007 Salmon Creek Chinook Redd Locations



2007 Fryingpan and Wright Creeks Bull Trout Redd Locations (White River – Mt. Rainier National Park)

FALLS



2007 Discovery, No Name, Klickitat and Parallel Creeks Bull Trout Redd Locations

(White River – Mt. Rainier National Park)



2007 Antler and Sunrise Creeks Bull Trout Redd Locations (White River – Mt. Rainier National Park)



2007 Silver Creek Bull Trout Redd Location



2007 Lodi Creek Bull Trout Redd Locations (West Fork White River – Mt. Rainier National Park)



20072008 SALMON, STEELHEAD,

AND BULL TROUT SPAWNING DATA

APPENDIX D



C H I N O O K

BOISE 10.0057 8/21/07 0.0 2.2 0 0 0 BOISE 10.0057 9/5/07 0.0 2.2 28 0 5 BOISE 10.0057 9/14/07 0.0 2.2 61 11 5 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 13 4 3 BOISE 10.0057 10/5/07 0.0 2.2 32 53 0 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 86 70 19 BOISE 10.0057 10/17/07 0.0 2.2 2 17 0 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 4 50 0 BOISE 10.0057 10/26/07 0.0 2.2 0 0 0 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 0 0 0

BOISE Total 226 205 32 LIVE DEAD REDDS

CANYON FALLS 10.0410 8/23/07 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 CANYON FALLS 10.0410 9/4/07 0.3 0.6 2 0 0 CANYON FALLS 10.0410 9/13/07 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 CANYON FALLS 10.0410 9/27/07 0.3 0.6 1 0 0 CANYON FALLS 10.0410 10/5/07 0.3 0.6 1 0 0 CANYON FALLS 10.0410 10/15/07 0.3 0.6 0 0 0

CANYON FALLS Total 4 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS

CLARKS 10.0027 8/22/07 3.4 3.7 0 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 9/4/07 3.4 3.7 0 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 9/13/07 3.4 3.7 0 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 9/27/07 3.4 3.7 98 2 10 CLARKS 10.0027 10/4/07 3.4 3.7 385 64 0 CLARKS 10.0027 10/15/07 3.4 3.7 47 66 1 CLARKS 10.0027 10/24/07 3.4 3.7 3 5 0 CLARKS 10.0027 11/8/07 3.4 3.7 0 0 0

CLARKS Total 533 137 11 LIVE DEAD REDDS

CLEAR 10.0022 8/22/07 1.7 1.8 0 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 9/4/07 1.7 1.8 0 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 9/13/07 1.7 1.8 1 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 9/27/07 1.7 1.8 0 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 10/4/07 1.7 1.8 10 8 0 CLEAR 10.0022 10/15/07 1.7 1.8 0 3 0 CLEAR 10.0022 10/24/07 1.7 1.8 0 0 0

CLEAR Total 11 11 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS

CLEARWATER 10.0080 8/28/07 0.0 1.1 66 1 6 CLEARWATER 10.0080 9/14/07 0.0 1.1 23 8 7 CLEARWATER 10.0080 1.1 3.8 26 10 6 CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/1/07 0.0 1.1 4 9 0

STREAM WRIA DATE LOWER R.M. UPPER R.M. LIVE DEAD REDDS

2007 Chinook Spawning Ground Data



C H I N O O K

CLEARWATER 10.0080 1.1 3.8 2 5 0 CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/11/07 0.0 1.1 0 3 0 CLEARWATER 10.0080 1.1 3.8 4 3 0 CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/23/07 0.0 1.1 0 4 0 CLEARWATER 10.0080 1.1 3.8 0 0 0

CLEARWATER Total 125 43 19 LIVE DEAD REDDS

FENNEL 10.0406 8/23/07 0.0 0.8 0 0 0 FENNEL 10.0406 9/4/07 0.0 0.8 0 0 1 FENNEL 10.0406 9/13/07 0.0 0.8 1 1 0 FENNEL 10.0406 9/27/07 0.0 1.3 96 42 42 FENNEL 10.0406 10/5/07 0.0 1.3 55 61 10 FENNEL 10.0406 10/15/07 0.0 1.3 1 19 0 FENNEL 10.0406 10/22/07 0.0 0.8 0 1 0

FENNEL Total 153 124 53 LIVE DEAD REDDS

Data collected by WDFW GREENWATER 10.0122 9/12/07 0 10 129 30 18 GREENWATER 10.0122 9/20/07 0 10 90 93 4 GREENWATER 10.0122 10/1/07 0 10 54 52 3 GREENWATER 10.0122 10/11/07 0 10 2 31 0 GREENWATER 10.0122 10/18/07 0 10 0 13 0

GREENWATER Total 275 219 25 LIVE DEAD REDDS

HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 8/28/07 0.0 0.5 0 0 1 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 9/14/07 0.0 0.5 11 13 2 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 0.5 1.5 36 22 0 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 9/24/07 0.0 0.5 2 0 0 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 0.5 1.5 5 22 2 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 10/11/07 0.0 0.5 1 3 0 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 0.5 1.5 20 7 0 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 10/23/07 0.0 0.5 2 1 0

HUCKLEBERRY Total 77 68 5 LIVE DEAD REDDS

KAPOWSIN 10.0600 8/23/07 0.0 0.4 0 0 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 9/6/07 0.0 0.4 0 0 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 9/13/07 0.0 1.6 0 0 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 9/27/07 0.0 1.6 1 10 3 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/4/07 0.0 1.6 3 9 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 0.0 3.2 1 3 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/15/07 0.0 1.6 1 2 5 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 0.0 3.2 3 6 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/23/07 0.0 3.2 0 0 0

KAPOWSIN Total 9 30 8 LIVE DEAD REDDS

SALMON 10.0036 8/22/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 SALMON 10.0036 9/4/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 0



C H I N O O K

SALMON 10.0036 9/13/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 SALMON 10.0036 9/27/07 0.0 0.6 12 4 3 SALMON 10.0036 10/4/07 0.0 0.6 1 3 0 SALMON 10.0036 10/15/07 0.0 0.6 0 3 0 SALMON 10.0036 10/24/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 0

SALMON CREEK Total 13 10 3 LIVE DEAD REDDS

SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 9/6/07 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 9/18/07 0.0 0.3 1 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 9/20/07 0.0 0.3 2 0 1 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 9/26/07 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 10/11/07 0.0 0.3 2 1 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 10/23/07 0.0 0.3 0 0 0

SILVER SPRINGS Total 5 1 1 LIVE DEAD REDDS

Data collected by WDFW SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 8/20/07 0 0 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 8/30/07 19 0 1 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/6/07 43 3 2 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/13/07 70 4 12 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/18/07 47 4 2 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/19/07 131 6 19 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/20/07 25 0 3 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/27/07 135 54 12 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 10/8/07 6 20 1 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 10/16/07 2 18 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 10/22/07 0 0 0

S. PRAIRIE Total 478 109 52 LIVE DEAD REDDS

SWAN 10.0003 8/22/07 0.3 1.0 0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 9/4/07 0.3 1.0 0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 9/13/07 0.3 1.0 0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 9/27/07 0.3 1.0 0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 10/4/07 0.3 1.0 0 0 0

SWAN Total 0 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS

WILKESON 10.0432 8/21/07 0.0 1.0 0 0 0 WILKESON 10.0432 9/5/07 0.0 1.0 0 0 0 WILKESON 10.0432 9/17/07 0.0 1.0 2 1 0 WILKESON 10.0432 10/1/07 0.0 1.0 8 5 1 WILKESON 10.0432 10/11/07 0.0 1.0 0 11 0

WILKESON Total 10 17 1 LIVE DEAD REDDS



B U L L T R O U T

2007 BULL TROUT SPAWNING DATA (WHITE RIVER) STREAM WRIA DATE LOWER R.M. UPPER

R.M. LIVE DEAD REDDS

KLICKITAT (BT) 10.0357 8/24/07 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 KLICKITAT (BT) 10.0357 9/6/07 0.0 0.5 0 1 0 KLICKITAT (BT) 10.0357 9/12/07 0.0 0.5 2 0 2 KLICKITAT (BT) 10.0357 9/18/07 0.0 0.5 10 0 5 KLICKITAT (BT) 10.0357 9/20/07 0.0 0.5 5 0 2 KLICKITAT (BT) 10.0357 9/26/07 0.0 0.5 0 1 2 KLICKITAT (BT) 10.0357 10/12/07 0.0 0.5 0 0 1

KLICKITAT (BT) Total 17 2 12 LIVE DEAD REDDS

SILVER CREEK 10.0313 9/6/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 SILVER CREEK 10.0313 9/18/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 1 SILVER CREEK 10.0313 9/20/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 1 SILVER CREEK 10.0313 9/26/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 SILVER CREEK 10.0313 10/11/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 0

SILVER CREEK Total 0 0 2 LIVE DEAD REDDS

SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 9/6/07 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 9/18/07 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 9/20/07 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 9/26/07 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 10/11/07 0.0 0.3 1 0 0

SILVER SPRINGS Total 1 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS

NONAME CREEK 10.0364 8/24/07 0.0 0.7 0 0 0 NONAME CREEK 10.0364 9/6/07 0.0 0.7 0 0 0 NONAME CREEK 10.0364 9/12/07 0.0 0.7 1 0 0 NONAME CREEK 10.0364 9/18/07 0.0 0.7 3 0 2 NONAME CREEK 10.0364 9/20/07 0.0 0.7 4 0 0 NONAME CREEK 10.0364 9/26/07 0.0 0.7 5 0 3 NONAME CREEK 10.0364 10/12/07 0.0 0.7 0 0 6

NONAME CREEK Total 13 0 11 LIVE DEAD REDDS

FRYINGPAN 10.0369 9/12/07 0.0 1.0 2 0 0 FRYINGPAN 10.0369 9/18/07 0.0 1.0 1 0 0 FRYINGPAN 10.0369 9/20/07 0.0 1.0 4 0 1 FRYINGPAN 10.0369 9/26/07 0.0 1.0 0 0 1

FRYINGPAN CREEK Total 7 0 2 LIVE DEAD REDDS

WRIGHT CREEK 10.0370 9/26/07 0.0 0.1 1 0 4 WRIGHT CREEK Total 1 0 4

LIVE DEAD REDDS

HIDDEN SPRINGS 8/24/07 0.0 0.7 0 0 0



B U L L T R O U T

HIDDEN SPRINGS 9/18/07 0.0 0.7 0 0 0 HIDDEN SPRINGS 9/26/07 0.0 0.7 1 0 0 HIDDEN SPRINGS 10/12/07 0.0 0.7 0 0 0

HIDDEN SPRINGS Total 1 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS

ANTLER CREEK 9/6/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 ANTLER CREEK 9/12/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 1 ANTLER CREEK 9/18/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 ANTLER CREEK 9/20/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 1 ANTLER CREEK 9/26/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 0

ANTLER CREEK Total 0 0 2 LIVE DEAD REDDS

CRYSTAL 10.0353 9/18/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 CRYSTAL 10.0353 9/20/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 CRYSTAL 10.0353 9/26/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 0

CRYSTAL CREEK Total 0 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS

PARALLEL CREEK 8/24/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 PARALLEL CREEK 9/12/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 PARALLEL CREEK 9/18/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 2 PARALLEL CREEK 9/20/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 1 PARALLEL CREEK 9/26/07 0.0 0.6 2 0 2 PARALLEL CREEK 10/12/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 1

PARALLEL CREEK Total 2 0 6 LIVE DEAD REDDS

DISCOVERY 9/12/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 DISCOVERY 9/18/07 0.0 0.6 3 0 2 DISCOVERY 9/20/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 DISCOVERY 9/26/07 0.0 0.6 0 0 0

DISCOVERY Total 3 0 2 LIVE DEAD REDDS

LODI CREEK 10.0027 9/12/07 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 LODI CREEK 10.0027 9/21/07 0.0 0.2 1 0 5

LODI CREEK Total 1 0 5 LIVE DEAD REDDS

SUNRISE CREEK 10.0337 10/12/07 0.0 0.3 0 0 1 SUNRISE CREEK Total 0 0 1

LIVE DEAD REDDS (UNIDENTIFIED): These tributaries are not identified on hydrology and/or officially named.



C O H O

2007 COHO SALMON SPAWNING DATA STREAM WRIA DATE LOWER R.M. UPPER R.M. LIVE DEAD

BOISE 10.0057 9/14/07 0.0 2.2 0 0 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 0 0 BOISE 10.0057 10/5/07 0.0 2.2 17 1 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 20 3 BOISE 10.0057 10/17/07 0.0 2.2 75 7 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 147 0 BOISE 10.0057 10/26/07 0.0 2.2 57 1 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 103 2 BOISE 10.0057 11/5/07 0.0 4.5 178 31 BOISE 10.0057 11/16/07 2.2 4.5 48 8 BOISE 10.0057 0.0 2.2 28 1 BOISE 10.0057 11/27/07 2.2 4.5 42 12 BOISE 10.0057 0.0 2.2 11 2 BOISE 10.0057 12/7/07 0.0 4.5 89 10 BOISE 10.0057 12/17/07 0.0 4.5 26 17

BOISE TOTAL: 841 95 LIVE DEAD

DATA COLLECTED BY WDFW

CANYONFALLS 10.0410 9/27/07 0.3 0.6 2 1 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/5/07 0.3 0.6 6 2 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/22/07 0.3 0.6 19 1 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/30/07 0.3 0.6 5 1 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 11/6/07 0.3 0.6 1 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 11/13/07 0.3 0.6 1 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 11/20/07 0.3 0.6 2 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 11/27/07 0.3 0.6 0 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 12/7/07 0.3 0.6 0 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 12/17/07 0.3 0.6 0 0

CANYON FALLS TOTAL: 36 5 LIVE DEAD

CLARKS 10.0027 10/4/07 3.4 3.7 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 10/15/07 3.4 3.7 2 0 CLARKS 10.0027 10/24/07 3.4 3.7 1 0 CLARKS 10.0027 10/31/07 3.4 3.7 2 2 CLARKS 10.0027 11/8/07 3.4 3.7 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 11/20/07 3.4 3.7 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 12/7/07 3.4 3.7 0 0

CLARKS TOTAL: 5 2 LIVE DEAD

CLEAR 10.0022 10/15/07 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 10/24/07 1.7 1.9 2 0



C O H O

CLEAR 10.0022 10/31/07 1.7 1.9 1 1 CLEAR 10.0022 11/8/07 1.7 1.9 0 1 CLEAR 10.0022 11/20/07 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 11/28/07 1.7 1.9 0 0

CLEAR TOTAL: 3 2 LIVE DEAD

CLEARWATER 10.0080 9/14/07 0.0 1.1 0 0 CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/1/07 1.1 3.8 46 1 CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/11/07 0.0 3.8 125 2 CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/23/07 0.0 3.1 56 6

CLEARWATER TOTAL: 227 9 LIVE DEAD


COAL MINE 10.0432A 10/22/07 0.0 0.4 1 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 10/30/07 0.0 0.4 3 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 11/6/07 0.0 0.4 0 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 11/13/07 0.0 0.4 0 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 11/20/07 0.0 0.4 0 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 11/27/07 0.0 0.4 0 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 12/7/07 0.0 0.4 14 2 COAL MINE 10.0432A 12/17/07 0.0 0.4 9 2 COAL MINE 10.0432A 12/27/07 0.0 0.4 5 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 1/4/08 0.0 0.4 0 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 1/10/08 0.0 0.4 4 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 1/17/08 0.0 0.4 12 1 COAL MINE 10.0432A 1/25/08 0.0 0.4 5 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 2/4/08 0.0 0.4 7 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 2/13/08 0.0 0.4 54 1 COAL MINE 10.0432A 2/19/08 0.0 0.4 33 6 COAL MINE 10.0432A 2/28/08 0.0 0.4 6 12 COAL MINE 10.0432A 3/8/08 0.0 0.4 0 5

COAL MINE TOTAL: 153 29 LIVE DEAD

DEER (Adult plants) 10.0865 10/30/07 0.0 0.5 515 0 DEER (Adult plants) 10.0865 11/5/07 0.0 0.5 533 0

DEER TOTAL: 1048 0 LIVE DEAD


FENNEL 10.0406 10/5/07 0.0 0.8 1 1 FENNEL 10.0406 10/15/07 0.0 0.8 2 0 FENNEL 10.0406 10/22/07 0.0 0.8 8 0 FENNEL 10.0406 10/30/07 0.0 0.8 5 2 FENNEL 10.0406 11/6/07 0.0 0.8 5 2 FENNEL 10.0406 11/13/07 0.0 0.8 5 0 FENNEL 10.0406 11/20/07 0.0 0.8 6 1 FENNEL 10.0406 11/27/07 0.0 0.8 2 1



C O H O

FENNEL 10.0406 12/7/07 0.0 0.8 8 0 FENNEL 10.0406 12/17/07 0.0 0.8 7 2 FENNEL 10.0406 12/27/07 0.0 0.8 6 0 FENNEL 10.0406 1/4/08 0.0 0.8 0 2 FENNEL 10.0406 1/24/08 0.0 0.8 2 0

FENNEL TOTAL: 57 11 LIVE DEAD


FISK 10.0596 10/22/07 0.3 1.1 8 2 FISK 10.0596 10/30/07 0.3 1.1 2 0 FISK 10.0596 11/6/07 0.3 1.1 3 1 FISK 10.0596 11/13/07 0.3 1.1 0 0 FISK 10.0596 11/20/07 0.3 1.1 5 0 FISK 10.0596 11/27/07 0.3 1.1 1 0 FISK 10.0596 12/7/07 0.3 1.1 8 1 FISK 10.0596 12/17/07 0.3 1.1 2 1 FISK 10.0596 12/27/07 0.3 1.1 0 0

FISK TOTAL: 29 5 LIVE DEAD

FOX 10.0608 10/11/07 0.0 1.0 0 0 FOX 10.0608 10/18/07 0.0 1.0 20 2 FOX 10.0608 10/23/07 0.0 1.0 100 1 FOX 10.0608 11/1/07 0.0 1.0 96 152 FOX 10.0608 11/8/07 0.0 1.0 40 96 FOX 10.0608 11/16/07 0.0 1.0 111 43 FOX 10.0608 11/27/07 0.0 1.0 15 10 FOX 10.0608 12/13/07 0.0 1.0 0 0

FOX TOTAL: 382 304 LIVE DEAD

KAPOWSIN 10.0600 9/27/07 0.0 1.6 0 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/4/07 0.0 3.2 1 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/15/07 0.0 3.2 27 1 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/23/07 0.0 3.2 28 4 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 11/8/07 0.0 3.2 38 17 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 11/15/07 0.0 3.2 5 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 11/28/07 0.0 3.2 0 0

KAPOWSIN TOTAL: 99 22 LIVE DEAD

OHOP 10.0600 10/18/07 0.0 1.0 0 0 OHOP 10.0600 11/8/07 0.0 0.5 2 0

OHOP TOTAL: 2 0 LIVE DEAD

RODY 10.0028 11/8/07 0.4 0.5 0 0 RODY 10.0028 11/20/07 0.4 0.5 0 0



C O H O

RODY 10.0028 11/29/07 0.4 0.5 0 0 RODY 10.0028 12/6/07 0.4 0.5 0 0 RODY 10.0028 12/17/07 0.4 0.5 0 0

RODY TOTAL: 0 0 LIVE DEAD

SALMON 10.0035 9/27/07 0.0 0.5 0 0 SALMON 10.0035 10/4/07 0.0 0.5 1 0 SALMON 10.0035 10/15/07 0.0 0.5 3 0 SALMON 10.0035 10/24/07 0.0 0.5 0 0 SALMON 10.0035 11/8/07 0.0 0.5 2 0 SALMON 10.0035 11/20/07 0.0 0.5 0 0 SALMON 10.0035 12/5/07 0.0 0.5 0 0

SALMON TOTAL: 6 0 LIVE DEAD

SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 9/27/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 10/4/07 0.0 0.1 1 0 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 10/15/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 10/24/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 11/8/07 0.0 0.1 1 0 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 11/20/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 12/5/07 0.0 0.1 0 0

SALMON TRIB TOTAL: 2 0 LIVE DEAD

SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 9/26/07 0.0 0.3 4 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 10/11/07 0.0 0.3 74 7 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 10/23/07 0.0 0.3 60 11

SILVER SPRINGS TOTAL: 138 18 LIVE DEAD

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 12/11/07 0.0 5.0 16 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE TOTAL: 16 0

LIVE DEAD


SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 10/22/07 0.0 0.4 12 0 SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 10/30/07 0.0 0.4 1 1 SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 11/6/07 0.0 0.4 1 0 SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 11/13/07 0.0 0.4 0 0 SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 11/20/07 0.0 0.4 0 2 SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 11/27/07 0.0 0.4 0 0 SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 12/7/07 0.0 0.4 8 1 SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 12/17/07 0.0 0.4 3 2 SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 12/27/07 0.0 0.4 0 1 SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 1/4/08 0.0 0.4 4 0 SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 1/10/08 0.0 0.4 0 0 SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 1/17/08 0.0 0.4 4 0



C O H O

SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 1/25/08 0.0 0.4 1 1 SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 2/4/08 0.0 0.4 13 0 SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 2/13/08 0.0 0.4 23 1 SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 2/19/08 0.0 0.4 15 8 SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 2/28/08 0.0 0.4 0 12 SPIKETON TRIB 10.0453 3/8/08 0.0 0.4 0 1

SPIKETON TRIB TOTAL: 85 30 LIVE DEAD

SWAN 10.0003 11/8/07 0.3 1.0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 11/20/07 0.3 1.0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 11/29/07 0.3 1.0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 12/6/07 0.3 1.0 0 0

SWAN TOTAL: 0 0 LIVE DEAD

SQUALLY 10.0024 11/8/07 0.0 0.2 0 0 SQUALLY 10.0024 11/20/07 0.0 0.2 0 0 SQUALLY 10.0024 11/29/07 0.0 0.2 0 0 SQUALLY 10.0024 12/6/07 0.0 0.2 0 0

SQUALLY TOTAL: 0 0 LIVE DEAD

WILKESON 10.0432 10/1/07 0.0 3.2 0 0 WILKESON 10.0432 10/11/07 0.0 3.2 19 0 WILKESON 10.0432 10/23/07 0.0 3.2 3 1 WILKESON 10.0432 11/2/07 0.0 3.2 7 2 WILKESON 10.0432 11/27/07 0.0 1.1 0 0 WILKESON 10.0432 12/7/07 0.0 1.1 0 0

WILKESON TOTAL: 29 3 LIVE DEAD



2007 PINK SPAWNING DATA STREAM WRIA DATE LOWER R.M.

UPPER R.M. LIVE DEAD

BOISE 10.0057 8/21/07 0.0 2.2 0 0 BOISE 10.0057 9/5/07 0.0 2.2 620 2 BOISE 10.0057 9/14/07 2.2 4.5 1621 47 BOISE 10.0057 0.0 2.2 8680 126 BOISE 10.0057 10/5/07 2.2 4.5 16460 2040 BOISE 10.0057 0.0 2.2 9459 1878 BOISE 10.0057 10/17/07 2.2 4.5 8552 6682 BOISE 10.0057 0.0 2.2 11190 5573 BOISE 10.0057 10/26/07 2.2 4.5 2900 3650 BOISE 10.0057 0.0 2.2 671 71 BOISE 10.0057 11/5/07 0.0 4.5 1011 3681 BOISE 10.0057 11/16/07 0.0 4.5 0 0 BOISE 10.0057 11/27/07 0.0 4.5 0 0

BOISE TOTAL: 61,164 23,750 LIVE DEAD

CANYONFALLS 10.0410 8/23/07 0.3 0.6 0 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 9/4/07 0.3 0.6 0 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 9/13/07 0.3 0.6 3 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 9/27/07 0.3 0.6 31 5 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/5/07 0.3 0.6 29 6 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/15/07 0.3 0.6 5 2 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/22/07 0.3 0.6 1 3 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/30/07 0.3 0.6 0 0

CANYONFALLS TOTAL: 69 16 LIVE DEAD

CLARKS 10.0027 8/22/07 3.4 3.7 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 9/4/07 3.4 3.7 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 9/13/07 3.4 3.7 1 0 CLARKS 10.0027 9/27/07 3.4 3.7 590 19 CLARKS 10.0027 10/4/07 3.4 3.7 600 0 CLARKS 10.0027 10/15/07 3.4 3.7 16 162 CLARKS 10.0027 10/24/07 3.4 3.7 0 1

CLARKS TOTAL: 1,207 182 LIVE DEAD

CLEAR 10.0022 9/4/07 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 9/13/07 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 9/27/07 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 10/4/07 1.7 1.9 39 15 CLEAR 10.0022 10/15/07 1.7 1.9 9 10 CLEAR 10.0022 10/24/07 1.7 1.9 2 0 CLEAR 10.0022 11/8/07 1.7 1.9 0 0


CLEARWATER 10.0080 8/28/07 0.0 1.1 0 0 CLEARWATER 10.0080 9/14/07 0.0 1.1 1078 24



CLEARWATER 10.0080 1.1 3.8 611 19 CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/1/07 0.0 1.1 3109 665 CLEARWATER 10.0080 1.1 3.8 2120 370 CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/11/07 0.0 1.1 2641 563 CLEARWATER 10.0080 1.1 3.8 1603 312 CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/23/07 0.0 3.8 30 273

CLEARWATER TOTAL: 11,192 2,226 LIVE DEAD

FENNEL 10.0406 8/23/07 0.0 0.5 0 0 FENNEL 10.0406 9/4/07 0.0 0.5 1 0 FENNEL 10.0406 9/13/07 0.0 0.5 7 0 FENNEL 10.0406 9/27/07 0.0 0.5 1130 178 FENNEL 10.0406 10/5/07 0.0 1.5 1703 258 FENNEL 10.0406 10/15/07 0.0 1.5 602 332 FENNEL 10.0406 10/22/07 0.0 1.5 249 4 FENNEL 10.0406 10/30/07 0.0 0.5 17 0

FENNEL TOTAL: 3,709 772 LIVE DEAD

Data collected by WDFW GREENWATER 10.0122 9/12/07 11650 87 GREENWATER 10.0122 9/20/07 28490 1582 GREENWATER 10.0122 10/1/07 20541 12317 GREENWATER 10.0122 10/11/07 4845 7311 GREENWATER 10.0122 10/18/07 585 0

GREENWATER TOTAL: 66,111 21,297 LIVE DEAD

HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 8/28/07 0.0 0.5 0 0 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 9/14/07 0.0 0.5 1399 29 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 9/24/07 0.0 1.5 1859 442 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 10/11/07 0.0 1.5 395 1279 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 10/23/07 0.5 1.5 5 50

HUCKLEBERRY TOTAL: 3,658 1,800 LIVE DEAD

HYLEBOS 10.0006 8/28/07 0.1 0.3 0 0 HYLEBOS 10.0006 9/12/07 0.1 0.3 1 0

HYLEBOS TOTAL: 1 0 LIVE DEAD

KAPOWSIN 10.0600 9/6/07 0.0 1.6 0 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 9/13/07 0.0 1.6 2 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 9/27/07 0.0 1.6 165 15 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/4/07 0.0 3.6 90 31 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/15/07 0.0 3.6 17 12 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/23/07 0.0 3.6 0 0

KAPOWSIN TOTAL: 274 58 LIVE DEAD

SALMON 10.0036 9/12/07 0.0 0.5 0 0 SALMON 10.0036 9/27/07 0.0 0.5 98 5



SALMON 10.0036 10/4/07 0.0 0.5 47 6 SALMON 10.0036 10/15/07 0.0 0.5 3 2 SALMON 10.0036 10/31/07 0.0 0.5 0 0


SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 9/6/07 0.0 0.3 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 9/18/07 0.0 0.3 1 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 9/20/07 0.0 0.3 3 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 9/26/07 0.0 0.3 17 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 10/11/07 0.0 0.3 2 5

SILVER SPRINGS TOTAL: 23 5

LIVE DEAD

Data collected by WDFW SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 8/20/2007 0.0 12.6 73 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 8/30/2007 0.0 12.6 22,312 4 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/6/2007 0.0 12.6 40,999 40 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/13/2007 0.0 12.6 74,053 136 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/18/2007 0.0 12.6 17,626 28 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/19/2007 0.0 12.6 63,565 595 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/20/2007 0.0 12.6 20,520 25 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/27/2007 0.0 12.6 130,735 10619 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 10/8/2007 0.0 12.6 37,209 9073 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 10/16/2007 0.0 12.6 16,603 14489 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 10/22/2007 0.0 12.6 1,420 986

SOUTH PRAIRE TOTAL: 425,115 35,995 LIVE DEAD

SWAN 10.0003 9/4/07 0.3 1.0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 9/13/07 0.3 1.0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 9/27/07 0.3 1.0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 10/4/07 0.3 1.0 0 0

SWAN TOTAL: 0 0 LIVE DEAD

WILKESON 10.0432 8/21/07 0.0 1.0 0 0 WILKESON 10.0432 9/5/07 0.0 1.0 221 0 WILKESON 10.0432 9/17/07 0.0 1.3 929 7 WILKESON 10.0432 10/1/07 0.0 1.3 2180 123 WILKESON 10.0432 10/11/07 0.0 4.1 5501 2515 WILKESON 10.0432 10/23/07 0.0 4.1 752 545 WILKESON 10.0432 11/2/07 0.0 4.1 33 346 WILKESON 10.0432 11/27/07 0.0 4.1 0 0

WILKESON TOTAL: 9,616 3,536 LIVE DEAD



CHUM

2007 CHUM SPAWNING DATA STREAM WRIA DATE LOWER RM UPPER RM LIVE DEAD

CANYON 10.XXXX 11/20/07 1.0 1.2 0 0 CANYON 10.XXXX 11/29/07 1.0 1.2 0 0 CANYON 10.XXXX 12/6/07 1.0 1.2 38 0 CANYON 10.XXXX 12/13/07 1.0 1.2 38 27 CANYON 10.XXXX 12/27/07 1.0 1.2 17 20 CANYON 10.XXXX 1/7/08 1.0 1.2 6 12 CANYON 10.XXXX 1/17/08 1.0 1.2 0 0

CANYON TOTAL: 99 59 LIVE DEAD

Surveys conducted by WDFW CANYONFALLS 10.0410 11/27/07 0.3 0.6 0 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 12/7/07 0.3 0.6 94 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 12/17/07 0.3 0.6 107 55 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 12/27/07 0.3 0.6 64 142 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 1/4/08 0.3 0.6 15 128 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 1/10/08 0.3 0.6 7 2 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 1/17/08 0.3 0.6 2 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 1/24/08 0.3 0.6 0 0

CANYONFALLS TOTAL: 289 327 LIVE DEAD

CARBON RIVER 10.0413 12/11/07 0.0 6.0 305 14 CARBON RIVER TOTAL: 305 14

LIVE DEAD

CLARKS 10.0027 11/20/07 3.4 3.7 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 11/28/07 3.4 3.7 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 12/7/07 3.4 3.7 329 51 CLARKS 10.0027 12/17/07 3.4 3.7 111 347 CLARKS 10.0027 12/27/07 3.4 3.7 46 44 CLARKS 10.0027 1/7/08 3.4 3.7 63 24 CLARKS 10.0027 1/17/08 3.4 3.7 5 0 CLARKS 10.0027 3.4 3.7 CLARKS 10.0027 3.4 3.7

CLARKS TOTAL: 554 466 LIVE DEAD

CLEAR 10.0022 11/8/07 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 11/20/07 1.7 1.9 3 0 CLEAR 10.0022 11/29/07 1.7 1.9 20 1 CLEAR 10.0022 12/6/07 1.7 1.9 201 9 CLEAR 10.0022 12/13/07 1.7 1.9 184 114 CLEAR 10.0022 12/27/07 1.7 1.9 52 31 CLEAR 10.0022 1/7/08 1.7 1.9 18 11 CLEAR 10.0022 1/17/08 1.7 1.9 1 0




CHUM Surveys conducted by WDFW COAL MINE 10.0432A 12/7/07 0.0 0.6 12 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 12/17/07 0.0 0.6 4 1 COAL MINE 10.0432A 12/27/07 0.0 0.6 0 2 COAL MINE 10.0432A 1/4/08 0.0 0.6 0 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 1/10/08 0.0 0.6 0 0

COAL MINE TOTAL: 16 3 LIVE DEAD

DOLLAR 10.0412 12/11/07 0.0 0.1 1 1 DOLLAR TOTAL: 1 1

LIVE DEAD

Surveys conducted by WDFW FENNEL 10.0406 10/22/07 0.1 1.9 0 0 FENNEL 10.0406 11/6/07 0.1 1.9 0 0 FENNEL 10.0406 11/13/07 0.1 1.9 8 11 FENNEL 10.0406 11/20/07 0.1 1.9 89 16 FENNEL 10.0406 11/27/07 0.1 1.9 111 28 FENNEL 10.0406 12/7/07 0.1 1.9 650 38 FENNEL 10.0406 12/17/07 0.1 1.9 584 495 FENNEL 10.0406 12/27/07 0.1 1.9 179 647 FENNEL 10.0406 1/4/08 0.1 1.9 79 608 FENNEL 10.0406 1/24/08 0.1 1.9 4 0

FENNEL TOTAL: 1,704 1,843 LIVE DEAD

Surveys conducted by WDFW FENNEL TRIBUTARY 10.0406A 10/22/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 FENNEL TRIBUTARY 10.0406A 11/6/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 FENNEL TRIBUTARY 10.0406A 11/13/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 FENNEL TRIBUTARY 10.0406A 11/20/07 0.0 0.1 1 0 FENNEL TRIBUTARY 10.0406A 11/27/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 FENNEL TRIBUTARY 10.0406A 12/7/07 0.0 0.1 4 70 FENNEL TRIBUTARY 10.0406A 12/17/07 0.0 0.1 33 130 FENNEL TRIBUTARY 10.0406A 12/27/07 0.0 0.1 9 192 FENNEL TRIBUTARY 10.0406A 1/4/08 0.0 0.1 8 146

FENNEL TOTAL: 55 538 LIVE DEAD

HYLEBOS 10.0006 12/6/07 0.1 0.7 1 4 HYLEBOS 10.0006 12/13/07 0.1 0.7 1 2 HYLEBOS 10.0006 0.1 0.4

HYLEBOS TOTAL: 2 6 LIVE DEAD

RODY 10.0028 11/20/07 0.4 0.6 0 0 RODY 10.0028 11/29/07 0.4 0.6 0 0



CHUM RODY 10.0028 12/6/07 0.4 0.6 1 0 RODY 10.0028 12/13/07 0.4 0.6 16 20 RODY 10.0028 12/27/07 0.4 0.6 3 14 RODY 10.0028 1/7/08 0.4 0.6 7 9 RODY 10.0028 1/17/08 0.4 0.6 0 0

RODY TOTAL: 27 43 LIVE DEAD

SALMON 10.0035 11/8/07 0.3 0.5 0 0 SALMON 10.0035 11/20/07 0.3 0.5 4 0 SALMON 10.0035 12/13/07 0.3 0.5 6 1 SALMON 10.0035 12/27/07 0.0 0.5 7 8 SALMON 10.0035 1/7/08 0.3 0.5 2 1 SALMON 10.0035 1/17/08 0.3 0.5 1 0


SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 11/20/07 0.0 0.1 0 0 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 12/5/07 0.0 0.1 6 4 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 12/13/07 0.0 0.1 19 22 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 12/27/07 0.0 0.1 16 23 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 1/7/08 0.0 0.1 7 2 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 1/17/08 0.0 0.1 0 1

SALMON TRIB. TOTAL: 48 52 LIVE DEAD

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 12/11/07 0.0 0.0 718 233 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 12/28/07 0.0 10.2 67 72

SOUTH PRAIRIE TOTAL: 785 305 LIVE DEAD

Surveys conducted by WDFW SPIKETON 10.0453 11/13/07 0 0 SPIKETON 10.0453 11/20/07 0 0 SPIKETON 10.0453 11/27/07 2 0 SPIKETON 10.0453 12/7/07 37 0 SPIKETON 10.0453 12/17/07 25 32 SPIKETON 10.0453 12/27/07 5 53 SPIKETON 10.0453 1/4/08 0 45 SPIKETON 10.0453 1/10/08 0 0

SPIKETON TOTAL: 69 130 LIVE DEAD

SQUALLY 10.0024 11/8/07 0.0 0.2 0 0 SQUALLY 10.0024 11/20/07 0.0 0.2 1 0 SQUALLY 10.0024 11/29/07 0.0 0.2 0 0 SQUALLY 10.0024 12/6/07 0.0 0.2 4 0 SQUALLY 10.0024 12/13/07 0.0 0.2 0 0 SQUALLY 10.0024 12/27/07 0.0 0.2 0 0



CHUM SQUALLY 10.0024 1/8/08 0.0 0.2 0 0

SQUALLY TOTAL: 5 0 LIVE DEAD

SWAN 10.0003 11/8/07 0.3 1.3 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 11/20/07 0.3 1.3 18 3 SWAN 10.0003 11/29/07 0.3 1.3 101 7 SWAN 10.0003 12/6/07 0.3 1.3 333 5 SWAN 10.0003 12/13/07 0.3 1.3 689 138 SWAN 10.0003 12/27/07 0.3 1.3 53 446 SWAN 10.0003 1/8/08 0.3 1.3 2 1

SWAN TOTAL: 1,196 600 LIVE DEAD

WHITE RIVER 10.0031 12/19/07 7.0 23.4 0 5 WHITE RIVER TOTAL: 0 5

LIVE DEAD

WILKESON 10.0432 11/27/07 0.0 1.0 1 0 WILKESON 10.0432 12/7/07 0.0 1.0 23 0 WILKESON 10.0432 12/17/07 0.0 1.0 54 22 WILKESON 10.0432 12/28/07 0.0 1.0 10 0 WILKESON 10.0432 1/9/08 0.0 1.0 0 0

WILKESON TOTAL: 88 22 LIVE DEAD



S T E E L H E A D

2008 STEELHEAD SURVEY DATA STREAM WRIA DATE LOWER R.M.

UPPER R.M. LIVE DEAD REDDS

BOISE 10.0057 4/1/08 0.0 2.2 0 0 2 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 0 0 5 BOISE 10.0057 4/11/08 0.0 2.2 0 0 1 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 0 0 0 BOISE 10.0057 4/25/08 0.0 2.2 0 0 1 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 0 0 2 BOISE 10.0057 5/7/08 0.0 2.2 2 0 6 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 1 0 9 BOISE 10.0057 5/28/08 0.0 2.2 1 0 1 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 3 0 2

BOISE TOTAL 7 0 29 LIVE DEAD REDDS

CANYONFALLS 10.0410 3/26/08 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 4/7/08 0.3 0.6 0 0 1 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 4/16/08 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 4/28/08 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 5/29/08 0.3 0.6 0 0 0

CANYONFALLS TOTAL 0 0 1 LIVE DEAD REDDS

Surveys con ducted by WDFW CARBON 10.0413 3/27/08 0.0 6.5 3 0 0 CARBON 10.0413 4/23/08 0.0 6.0 0 0 3

CARBON TOTAL 3 0 3 LIVE DEAD REDDS

CLARKS 10.0027 3/25/08 3.4 3.7 0 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 4/7/08 3.4 3.7 0 0 1 CLARKS 10.0027 4/16/08 3.4 3.7 0 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 4/28/08 3.4 3.7 0 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 5/29/08 3.4 3.7 0 0 0

CLARKS TOTAL 0 0 1 LIVE DEAD REDDS

CLEAR 10.0022 3/25/08 1.7 1.9 0 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 4/8/08 1.7 1.9 0 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 4/16/08 1.7 1.9 0 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 4/28/08 1.7 1.9 0 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 5/29/08 1.7 1.9 0 0 0

CLEAR TOTAL 0 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS

Surveys con ducted by WDFW

CLEARWATER 10.0080 4/28/08 0.0 3.7 0 0 14

CLEARWATER 10.0080 5/5/08 0.0 2.3 2 0 8 10.0080 5/20/08 2.3 2.31 0 0 0



S T E E L H E A D

CLEARWATER

CLEARWATER TOTAL 2 0 22 LIVE DEAD REDDS

FENNEL 10.0406 3/26/08 0.0 0.7 0 0 0 FENNEL 10.0406 4/8/08 0.0 0.7 0 0 0 FENNEL 10.0406 4/16/08 0.0 0.7 0 0 0 FENNEL 10.0406 4/28/08 0.0 0.7 0 0 0 FENNEL 10.0406 5/29/08 0.0 0.7 0 0 0

FENNEL TOTAL 0 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS

FOX 10.0608 4/2/08 0.0 0.5 0 0 0 FOX 10.0608 4/24/08 0.0 0.5 0 0 0 FOX 10.0608 5/29/08 0.0 0.5 0 0 0

FOX TOTAL 0 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS

Surveys con ducted by WDFW GREENWATER UNSURVEYABLE

KAPOWSIN 10.0600 4/2/08 0.0 3.2 0 0 2 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 4/24/08 0.0 3.2 0 0 1 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 5/8/08 0.0 3.2 0 0 1 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 5/29/08 0.0 3.2 0 0 1

KAPOWSIN TOTAL 0 0 5 LIVE DEAD REDDS

KELLOG 10.0621 3/21/08 0.0 2.0 2 0 4 KELLOG 10.0621 4/3/08 0.0 2.0 0 0 1 KELLOG 10.0621 4/17/08 0.0 2.0 0 0 0

KELLOG TOTAL 2 0 5 LIVE DEAD REDDS

LE DOUT 10.0620 3/21/08 0.0 0.3 0 0 1 LE DOUT 10.0620 4/3/08 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 LE DOUT 10.0620 4/17/08 0.0 0.3 0 0 1

LEDOUT TOTAL 0 0 2 LIVE DEAD REDDS

MEADOW 10.0630 4/25/08 0.0 1.3 0 0 0 MEADOW TOTAL 0 0 0

LIVE DEAD REDDS

NIESSON 10.0622 3/21/08 0.0 2.5 0 0 0 NIESSON 10.0622 4/3/08 0.0 2.5 0 0 0 NIESSON 10.0622 4/17/08 0.0 2.5 0 0 0

NIESSON TOTAL 0 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS



LOWER PUYALLUP PUYALLUP 10.0021 3/27/08 15.5 26.2 0 0 0

L. PUYALLUP TOTAL 0 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS

UPPER PUYALLUP PUYALLUP PUYALLUP 10.0021 3/21/08 36 41.7 0 0 1 PUYALLUP 10.0021 4/3/08 36 41.7 0 0 4 PUYALLUP 10.0021 4/17/08 36 41.7 0 0 8

U. PUYALLUP TOTAL 0 0 13 LIVE DEAD REDDS


SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 2/27/08 0.3 5.6 0 0 0

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 3/11/08 8 12.6 0 0 0

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 3/20/08 8 12.6 0 0 1

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 3/21/08 0 8 2 0 3

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 3/31/08 0.3 12.6 0 0 9

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/10/08 0.3 12.6 0 0 26

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/18/08 0.3 12.6 3 0 25

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/25/08 0.3 8 2 0 25

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/28/08 8 12.6 1 0 10

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 5/7/08 0.3 8 13 0 18

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 5/8/08 8 12.6 0 0 11

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 5/12/08 0 3 0 0 0

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 5/16/08 8 8.1 0 0 0

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 5/19/08 8 8.1 0 0 0

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 5/27/08 8 8.1 0 0 0

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 6/2/08 0.3 10.21 0 0 1

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 6/3/08 10.2 10.21 0 0 0

SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 6/5/08 8 8.01 0 0 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE TOTAL 21 0 129

SWAN 10.0003 3/25/08 0.0 2.0 0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 4/8/07 0.0 2.0 0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 4/16/089 0.0 2.0 0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 4/28/08 0.0 2.0 0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 5/29/08 0.0 2.0 0 0 0

SWAN TOTAL 0 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS

VOIGHT 10.0414 3/27/08 0.5 3.4 0 0 0 VOIGHT 10.0414 4/11/08 0.5 3.4 0 0 1 VOIGHT 10.0414 4/24/08 0.5 3.4 0 0 1 VOIGHT 10.0414 5/8/08 0.5 3.4 0 0 0

VOIGHTS TOTAL 0 0 2 LIVE DEAD REDDS

S T E E L H E A D



S T E E L H E A D

WHITE RIVER 10.0031 3/28/08 7.5 24.3 0 0 0 WHITE RIVER 10.0031 4/21/08 7.5 24.3 0 0 6

WHITE RIVER TOTAL 0 0 6 LIVE DEAD REDDS


WILKESON 10.043 3/20/08 4 4.5 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 3/20/08 3 4 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 3/20/08 4 4.5 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 3/20/08 4.5 5.1 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 3/20/08 5.1 6.1 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 3/31/08 0 3 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 3/31/08 3 4 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 3/31/08 4 4.5 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 3/31/08 4.5 5.1 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 3/31/08 5.1 6.1 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 4/14/08 3 3.01 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 4/17/08 0 3 1 6

WILKESON 10.043 4/17/08 3 4 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 4/17/08 4 4.5 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 4/17/08 4.5 5.1 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 4/17/08 5.1 6.1 0 1

WILKESON 10.043 4/24/08 0 3 1 6

WILKESON 10.043 4/24/08 3 4 1 2

WILKESON 10.043 4/24/08 4 4.5 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 4/24/08 4.5 5.1 1 2

WILKESON 10.043 4/24/08 5.1 6.1 0 1

WILKESON 10.043 5/5/08 0 3 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 5/5/08 3 4 0 1

WILKESON 10.043 5/5/08 4 4.5 0 1

WILKESON 10.043 5/5/08 4.5 5.1 0 1

WILKESON 10.043 5/5/08 5.1 6.1 0 1

WILKESON 10.043 5/12/08 0 3 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 5/12/08 3 4 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 5/12/08 4 4.5 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 5/12/08 4.5 5.1 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 5/12/08 5.1 6.1 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 6/3/08 5.1 5.11 0 0

WILKESON 10.043 6/5/08 3 3.01 0 0 WILKESON TOTAL 4 0 22

LIVE DEAD REDDS Redd totals do not include redds observed above Buckley on the White River

LIVE DEAD REDDS TOTALS: 37 0 218



BUCKLEY TRAP: 20072008 SALMON AND STEELHEAD

TRANSPORTED ABOVE MUD MOUNTAIN DAM

APPENDIX E



WILD CHINOOK

2007

Statistical Week Date Adults Jacks

Total Cumulative Run% Total Cumulative Run%

19

Monday, May 07, 2001 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00% Tuesday, May 08, 2001 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%

Wednesday, May 09, 2001 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00% Thursday, May 10, 2001 1 1 0.04% 0 0 0.00%

Friday, May 11, 2001 0 1 0.04% 0 0 0.00% Saturday, May 12, 2001 0 1 0.04% 0 0 0.00% Sunday, May 13, 2001 0 1 0.04% 0 0 0.00%

20 Monday, May 14, 2001 0 1 0.04% 0 0 0.00% Tuesday, May 15, 2001 0 1 0.04% 0 0 0.00%



21




22


Wednesday, May 30, 2001 0 2 0.07% 0 0 0.00% Thursday, May 31, 2001 0 2 0.07% 0 0 0.00% Friday, June 01, 2001 2 4 0.14% 0 0 0.00%

Saturday, June 02, 2001 0 4 0.14% 0 0 0.00% Sunday, June 03, 2001 0 4 0.14% 0 0 0.00%

23

Monday, June 04, 2001 1 5 0.18% 0 0 0.00% Tuesday, June 05, 2001 0 5 0.18% 0 0 0.00%

Wednesday, June 06, 2001 0 5 0.18% 0 0 0.00% Thursday, June 07, 2001 0 5 0.18% 0 0 0.00%

Friday, June 08, 2001 1 6 0.21% 0 0 0.00% Saturday, June 09, 2001 0 6 0.21% 0 0 0.00% Sunday, June 10, 2001 0 6 0.21% 0 0 0.00%

24




25




26





WILD CHINOOK

2007

Friday, June 29, 2001 15 220 7.80% 1 7 10.45% Saturday, June 30, 2001 0 220 7.80% 0 7 10.45% Sunday, July 01, 2001 0 220 7.80% 0 7 10.45%

27

Monday, July 02, 2001 36 256 9.08% 2 9 13.43% Tuesday, July 03, 2001 17 273 9.68% 1 10 14.93%

Wednesday, July 04, 2001 0 273 9.68% 0 10 14.93% Thursday, July 05, 2001 36 309 10.96% 2 12 17.91%

Friday, July 06, 2001 14 323 11.46% 0 12 17.91% Saturday, July 07, 2001 0 323 11.46% 0 12 17.91% Sunday, July 08, 2001 0 323 11.46% 0 12 17.91%

28




29




30




31


Wednesday, August 01, 2001 14 520 18.45% 0 20 29.85% Thursday, August 02, 2001 12 532 18.87% 0 20 29.85%

Friday, August 03, 2001 18 550 19.51% 1 21 31.34% Saturday, August 04, 2001 0 550 19.51% 0 21 31.34% Sunday, August 05, 2001 0 550 19.51% 0 21 31.34%

32

Monday, August 06, 2001 26 576 20.43% 1 22 32.84% Tuesday, August 07, 2001 4 580 20.57% 1 23 34.33%



33




34 Monday, August 20, 2001 25 656 23.27% 3 30 44.78%





WILD CHINOOK

2007

Tuesday, August 21, 2001 8 664 23.55% 4 34 50.75% Wednesday, August 22, 2001 6 670 23.77% 0 34 50.75% Thursday, August 23, 2001 27 697 24.73% 14 48 71.64%


35



Friday, August 31, 2001 62 830 29.44% 0 61 91.04% Saturday, September 01, 2001 41 871 30.90% 1 62 92.54% Sunday, September 02, 2001 28 899 31.89% 2 64 95.52%

36

Monday, September 03, 2001 23 922 32.71% 3 67 100.00% Tuesday, September 04, 2001 39 961 34.09% 0 67 100.00%

Wednesday, September 05, 2001 29 990 35.12% 0 67 100.00% Thursday, September 06, 2001 52 1042 36.96% 0 67 100.00%

Friday, September 07, 2001 50 1092 38.74% 0 67 100.00% Saturday, September 08, 2001 24 1116 39.59% 0 67 100.00% Sunday, September 09, 2001 10 1126 39.94% 0 67 100.00%

37




38




39




40

Monday, October 01, 2001 51 2629 93.26% 0 67 100.00% Tuesday, October 02, 2001 37 2666 94.57% 0 67 100.00%

Wednesday, October 03, 2001 66 2732 96.91% 0 67 100.00% Thursday, October 04, 2001 31 2763 98.01% 0 67 100.00%

Friday, October 05, 2001 0 2763 98.01% 0 67 100.00% Saturday, October 06, 2001 8 2771 98.30% 0 67 100.00% Sunday, October 07, 2001 12 2783 98.72% 0 67 100.00%

41



Friday, October 12, 2001 8 2814 99.82% 0 67 100.00%





ACCLIMATION CHINOOK

2007

WILD CHINOOK 2007

Saturday, October 13, 2001 2 2816 99.89% 0 67 100.00% Sunday, October 14, 2001 3 2819 100.00% 0 67 100.00%

42



Friday, October 19, 2001 0 2819 100.00% 0 67 100.00% Saturday, October 20, 2001 0 2819 100.00% 0 67 100.00% Sunday, October 21, 2001 0 2819 100.00% 0 67 100.00%


Total Cumulative Run % Total Cumulative Run %

19




20 Monday, May 14, 2007 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00% Tuesday, May 15, 2007 0 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00%



21




22


Wednesday, May 30, 2007 0 1 0.06% 0 0 0.00% Thursday, May 31, 2007 0 1 0.06% 0 0 0.00% Friday, June 01, 2007 6 7 0.42% 1 1 2.08%

Saturday, June 02, 2007 0 7 0.42% 0 1 2.08% Sunday, June 03, 2007 0 7 0.42% 0 1 2.08%

23




24







ACCLIMATION CHINOOK

2007


25




26 Monday, June 25, 2007 83 529 31.54% 0 1 2.08% Tuesday, June 26, 2007 28 557 33.21% 0 1 2.08%


Friday, June 29, 2007 60 726 43.29% 1 2 4.17% Saturday, June 30, 2007 0 726 43.29% 0 2 4.17% Sunday, July 01, 2007 0 726 43.29% 0 2 4.17%

27




28




29




30




31








ACCLIMATION CHINOOK

2007

32 Monday, August 06, 2007 34

1584 94.45%

3

38 79.17%

Tuesday, August 07, 2007 14 1598 95.29% 0 38 79.17% Wednesday, August 08, 2007 12 1610 96.00% 2 40 83.33% Thursday, August 09, 2007 0 1610 96.00% 0 40 83.33%


33




34 Monday, August 20, 2007 16 1665 99.28% 0 45 93.75% Tuesday, August 21, 2007 4 1669 99.52% 3 48 100.00%



35



Friday, August 31, 2007 0 1677 100.00% 0 48 100.00% Saturday, September 01, 2007 0 1677 100.00% 0 48 100.00% Sunday, September 02, 2007 0 1677 100.00% 0 48 100.00%

36


Wednesday, September 05, 0 1677 100.00% 0 48 100.00% Thursday, September 06, 2007 0 1677 100.00% 0 48 100.00%






COHO 2007

Statistical Week Date Total Cumulative Run Percentage

31

Monday, July 30, 2007 0 0.00% Tuesday, July 31, 2007 0 0.00%

Wednesday, August 01, 2007 0 0.00% Thursday, August 02, 2007 0 0.00%

Friday, August 03, 2007 0 0.00% Saturday, August 04, 2007 0 0.00% Sunday, August 05, 2007 0 0.00%

32 Monday, August 06, 2007 2 2 0.02% Tuesday, August 07, 2007 2 0.02%

Wednesday, August 08, 2007 7 9 0.07% Thursday, August 09, 2007 9 0.07%

Friday, August 10, 2007 5 14 0.11% Saturday, August 11, 2007 14 0.11% Sunday, August 12, 2007 14 0.11%

33

Monday, August 13, 2007 5 19 0.15% Tuesday, August 14, 2007 19 0.15%

Wednesday, August 15, 2007 31 50 0.39% Thursday, August 16, 2007 29 79 0.62%

Friday, August 17, 2007 14 93 0.73% Saturday, August 18, 2007 93 0.73% Sunday, August 19, 2007 93 0.73%

34

Monday, August 20, 2007 114 207 1.63% Tuesday, August 21, 2007 117 324 2.55%


Friday, August 24, 2007 32 446 3.51% Saturday, August 25, 2007 108 554 4.36% Sunday, August 26, 2007 32 586 4.61%

35

Monday, August 27, 2007 81 667 5.24% Tuesday, August 28, 2007 130 797 6.27%


Friday, August 31, 2007 95 1,011 7.95% Saturday, September 01, 2007 31 1,042 8.19% Sunday, September 02, 2007 109 1,151 9.05%

36

Monday, September 03, 2007 65 1,216 9.56% Tuesday, September 04, 2007 121 1,337 10.51%

Wednesday, September 05, 2007 89 1,426 11.21% Thursday, September 06, 2007 113 1,539 12.10%

Friday, September 07, 2007 130 1,669 13.12% Saturday, September 08, 2007 123 1,792 14.09% Sunday, September 09, 2007 169 1,961 15.42%

37




38



Friday, September 21, 2007 512 4,992 39.25%



COHO 2007

Saturday, September 22, 2007 721 5,713 44.92% Sunday, September 23, 2007 497 6,210 48.82%

39




40 Monday, October 01, 2007 460 8,027 63.11% Tuesday, October 02, 2007 322 8,349 65.64%

Wednesday, October 03, 2007 457 8,806 69.24% Thursday, October 04, 2007 187 8,993 70.71%

Friday, October 05, 2007 100 9,093 71.49% Saturday, October 06, 2007 67 9,160 72.02% Sunday, October 07, 2007 60 9,220 72.49%

41

Monday, October 08, 2007 66 9,286 73.01% Tuesday, October 09, 2007 161 9,447 74.27%



42



Friday, October 19, 2007 10,848 85.29% Saturday, October 20, 2007 195 11,043 86.82% Sunday, October 21, 2007 202 11,245 88.41%

43



Friday, October 26, 2007 60 12,012 94.44% Saturday, October 27, 2007 42 12,054 94.77% Sunday, October 28, 2007 12,054 94.77%

44


Wednesday, October 31, 2007 11 12,136 95.42% Thursday, November 01, 2007 6 12,142 95.46%

Friday, November 02, 2007 34 12,176 95.73% Saturday, November 03, 2007 12,176 95.73% Sunday, November 04, 2007 12,176 95.73%

45

Monday, November 05, 2007 57 12,233 96.18% Tuesday, November 06, 2007 12,233 96.18%

Wednesday, November 07, 2007 24 12,257 96.37% Thursday, November 08, 2007 19 12,276 96.52%


46 Monday, November 12, 2007 12,307 96.76% Tuesday, November 13, 2007 12,307 96.76%




COHO 2007

Wednesday, November 14, 2007 145 12,452 97.90% Thursday, November 15, 2007 12,452 97.90%


47

Monday, November 19, 2007 12,468 98.03% Tuesday, November 20, 2007 12,468 98.03%


Friday, November 23, 2007 12,534 98.55% Saturday, November 24, 2007 12,534 98.55% Sunday, November 25, 2007 12,534 98.55%

48 Monday, November 26, 2007 6 12,540 98.59% Tuesday, November 27, 2007 12,540 98.59%


Friday, November 30, 2007 3 12,552 98.69% Saturday, December 01, 2007 12,552 98.69% Sunday, December 02, 2007 12,552 98.69%

49

Monday, December 03, 2007 12,552 98.69% Tuesday, December 04, 2007 11 12,563 98.77%

Wednesday, December 05, 2007 7 12,570 98.83% Thursday, December 06, 2007 6 12,576 98.88%

Friday, December 07, 2007 12,576 98.88% Saturday, December 08, 2007 12,576 98.88% Sunday, December 09, 2007 12,576 98.88%

50

Monday, December 10, 2007 12,576 98.88% Tuesday, December 11, 2007 12,576 98.88%

Wednesday, December 12, 2007 17 12,593 99.01% Thursday, December 13, 2007 12,593 99.01%

Friday, December 14, 2007 17 12,610 99.14% Saturday, December 15, 2007 12,610 99.14% Sunday, December 16, 2007 12,610 99.14%

51




52




53 Monday, December 31, 2007 12,619 99.21%

1

Tuesday, January 01, 2008 12,619 99.21% Wednesday, January 02, 2008 12,619 99.21% Thursday, January 03, 2008 12,619 99.21%

Friday, January 04, 2008 12,619 99.21%




COHO 2007

Saturday, January 05, 2008 12,619 99.21% Sunday, January 06, 2008 12,619 99.21%

2

Monday, January 07, 2008 12,619 99.21% Tuesday, January 08, 2008 12,619 99.21%

Wednesday, January 09, 2008 12,619 99.21% Thursday, January 10, 2008 12,619 99.21%

Friday, January 11, 2008 8 12,627 99.28% Saturday, January 12, 2008 12,627 99.28% Sunday, January 13, 2008 12,627 99.28%

3

Monday, January 14, 2008 55 12,682 99.71% Tuesday, January 15, 2008 12,682 99.71%

Wednesday, January 16, 2008 8 12,690 99.77% Thursday, January 17, 2008 12,690 99.77%

Friday, January 18, 2008 12,690 99.77% Saturday, January 19, 2008 12,690 99.77% Sunday, January 20, 2008 12,690 99.77%

4 Monday, January 21, 2008 12,690 99.77% Tuesday, January 22, 2008 12,690 99.77%

Wednesday, January 23, 2008 12,690 99.77% Thursday, January 24, 2008 12,690 99.77%

Friday, January 25, 2008 12,690 99.77% Saturday, January 26, 2008 12,690 99.77% Sunday, January 27, 2008 12,690 99.77%

5

Monday, January 28, 2008 12,690 99.77% Tuesday, January 29, 2008 12,690 99.77%

Wednesday, January 30, 2008 12,690 99.77% Thursday, January 31, 2008 12,690 99.77% Friday, February 01, 2008 12,690 99.77%

Saturday, February 02, 2008 12,690 99.77% Sunday, February 03, 2008 12,690 99.77%

6

Monday, February 04, 2008 12,690 99.77% Tuesday, February 05, 2008 12,690 99.77%

Wednesday, February 06, 2008 12,690 99.77% Thursday, February 07, 2008 12,690 99.77%

Friday, February 08, 2008 4 12,694 99.80% Saturday, February 09, 2008 12,694 99.80% Sunday, February 10, 2008 12,694 99.80%

7

Monday, February 11, 2008 24 12,718 99.99% Tuesday, February 12, 2008 12,718 99.99%

Wednesday, February 13, 2008 1 12,719 100.00% Thursday, February 14, 2008 12,719 100.00%

Friday, February 15, 2008 12,719 100.00% Saturday, February 16, 2008 12,719 100.00% Sunday, February 17, 2008 12,719 100.00%




PINK 2007

33

Monday, August 13, 2007 2 0.00% Tuesday, August 14, 2007 2 0.00%

Wednesday, August 15, 2007 2 0.00% Thursday, August 16, 2007 2 4 0.00%

Friday, August 17, 2007 4 0.00% Saturday, August 18, 2007 4 0.00% Sunday, August 19, 2007 4 0.00%

34 Monday, August 20, 2007 309 313 0.25% Tuesday, August 21, 2007 83 396 0.31%


Friday, August 24, 2007 368 1,347 1.06% Saturday, August 25, 2007 721 2,068 1.62% Sunday, August 26, 2007 1212 3,280 2.57%

35

Monday, August 27, 2007 1918 5,198 4.08% Tuesday, August 28, 2007 1904 7,102 5.57%

Wednesday, August 29, 2007 651 7,753 6.08% Thursday, August 30, 2007 1929 9,682 7.59%

Friday, August 31, 2007 2660 12,342 9.68% Saturday, September 01, 2007 4286 16,628 13.04% Sunday, September 02, 2007 4216 20,844 16.34%

36




37




38




39




40



Statistical Week Date Total Cumulative Run %



PINK 2007


41




42 Monday, October 15, 2007 9 127,484 99.96% Tuesday, October 16, 2007 7 127,491 99.96%


Friday, October 19, 2007 127,493 99.96% Saturday, October 20, 2007 25 127,518 99.98% Sunday, October 21, 2007 10 127,528 99.99%

43


Wednesday, October 24, 2007 2 127,541 100.000% Thursday, October 25, 2007 127,541 100.000%

Friday, October 26, 2007 127,541 100.000% Saturday, October 27, 2007 127,541 100.000% Sunday, October 28, 2007 127,541 100.000%

Statistical Week Date Total Cumulative Run %



STEELHEAD 2008


1

Tuesday, January 01, 2008 0 0 0.00% Wednesday, January 02, 2008 0 0 0.00% Thursday, January 03, 2008 0 0 0.00%

Friday, January 04, 2008 0 0 0.00% Saturday, January 05, 2008 0 0 0.00% Sunday, January 06, 2008 0 0 0.00%

2

Monday, January 07, 2008 0 0 0.00% Tuesday, January 08, 2008 0 0 0.00%

Wednesday, January 09, 2008 0 0 0.00% Thursday, January 10, 2008 0 0 0.00%


3 Monday, January 14, 2008 2 4 1.93% Tuesday, January 15, 2008 0 4 1.93%



4




5


Wednesday, January 30, 2008 0 4 1.93% Thursday, January 31, 2008 0 4 1.93% Friday, February 01, 2008 0 4 1.93%

Saturday, February 02, 2008 0 4 1.93% Sunday, February 03, 2008 0 4 1.93%

6

Monday, February 04, 2008 0 4 1.93% Tuesday, February 05, 2008 0 4 1.93%

Wednesday, February 06, 2008 0 4 1.93% Thursday, February 07, 2008 0 4 1.93%

Friday, February 08, 2008 2 6 2.90% Saturday, February 09, 2008 0 6 2.90% Sunday, February 10, 2008 0 6 2.90%

7



Friday, February 15, 2008 0 11 5.31% Saturday, February 16, 2008 0 11 5.31% Sunday, February 17, 2008 0 11 5.31%

8



Friday, February 22, 2008 0 11 5.31% Saturday, February 23, 2008 0 11 5.31%



STEELHEAD 2008

Sunday, February 24, 2008 0 11 5.31%

9



Friday, February 29, 2008 0 11 5.31% Saturday, March 01, 2008 0 11 5.31% Sunday, March 02, 2008 0 11 5.31%

10 Monday, March 03, 2008 0 11 5.31% Tuesday, March 04, 2008 0 11 5.31%

Wednesday, March 05, 2008 0 11 5.31% Thursday, March 06, 2008 0 11 5.31%

Friday, March 07, 2008 0 11 5.31% Saturday, March 08, 2008 0 11 5.31% Sunday, March 09, 2008 0 11 5.31%

11

Monday, March 10, 2008 0 11 5.31% Tuesday, March 11, 2008 0 11 5.31%



12




13




14

Monday, March 31, 2008 0 22 10.63% Tuesday, April 01, 2008 0 22 10.63%

Wednesday, April 02, 2008 0 22 10.63% Thursday, April 03, 2008 0 22 10.63%

Friday, April 04, 2008 0 22 10.63% Saturday, April 05, 2008 0 22 10.63% Sunday, April 06, 2008 0 22 10.63%

15

Monday, April 07, 2008 1 23 11.11% Tuesday, April 08, 2008 0 23 11.11%



16 Monday, April 14, 2008 74 99 47.83% Tuesday, April 15, 2008 0 99 47.83%

Wednesday, April 16, 2008 0 99 47.83%




STEELHEAD 2008

Thursday, April 17, 2008 0 99 47.83% Friday, April 18, 2008 0 99 47.83%

Saturday, April 19, 2008 0 99 47.83% Sunday, April 20, 2008 0 99 47.83%

17

Monday, April 21, 2008 0 99 47.83% Tuesday, April 22, 2008 0 99 47.83%



18 Monday, April 28, 2008 1 100 48.31% Tuesday, April 29, 2008 0 100 48.31%

Wednesday, April 30, 2008 10 110 53.14% Thursday, May 01, 2008 0 110 53.14%

Friday, May 02, 2008 0 110 53.14% Saturday, May 03, 2008 0 110 53.14% Sunday, May 04, 2008 0 110 53.14%

19

Monday, May 05, 2008 1 111 53.62% Tuesday, May 06, 2008 0 111 53.62%

Wednesday, May 07, 2008 40 151 72.95% Thursday, May 08, 2008 0 151 72.95%


20




21




22



Friday, May 30, 2008 1 206 99.52% Saturday, May 31, 2008 0 206 99.52% Sunday, June 01, 2008 0 206 99.52%

23

Monday, June 02, 2008 1 207 100.00% Tuesday, June 03, 2008 0 207 100.00%

Wednesday, June 04, 2008 0 207 100.00% Thursday, June 05, 2008 0 207 100.00%

Friday, June 06, 2008 0 207 100.00% Saturday, June 07, 2008 0 207 100.00% Sunday, June 08, 2008 0 207 100.00%




20052007 ESCAPEMENT ESTIMATES FOR CHINOOK, COHO, AND CHUM.

APPENDIX F

n

i=2



2007 2006 2005 White R. Above Buckley Trap Escapement Escapement Escapement

Buckley Trap 4,496 2,057 1,757

White River: Below Buckley Trap Estimate AUC Redd Estimate Estimate AUC Redd Estimate Estimate AUC Redd Estimate

Boise Cr. 364 80 903 653 397 223 Salmon Cr. 14 8 24 28 18 Salmon Trib. None observed None observed White River Not Surveyed 19 53

Total 378 88 946 733 397 241

Puyallup River Estimate AUC Redd Estimate Estimate AUC Redd Estimate Estimate AUC Redd Estimate

Canyon Cr. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Canyonfalls Cr. 4 None observed None observed Carbon R. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Clarks Cr. 526 28 246 85 29 11 Clear Cr. 11 None observed 3 23 9

Coal mine Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Dollar Cr. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Fennel Cr. 165 133 2 25 12 4 Fennel Trib. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Fisk Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Fox Cr. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed

Kapowsin Cr. 9 20 Redd based 30 Dead* 56 50 18 12

Ohop Cr. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Rody Cr. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed South Prairie Cr. 549 233 1,100 948 369 27 Spiketon Trib. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Squally Cr. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Not Surveyed Swan Cr. 0 0 0 0

Wilkeson Cr. 10 3 Redd based 17 Dead* 17 5 11 4

Total 1,302 441 1,424 1,113 462 67 * For a more accurate count, the number of dead fish counted was used when it exceeded the number of fish estimated.

Puyallup/Carbon River (AUC and Redd Based Escapements)

1,302 1,447 462

White River (AUC and Redd Based Escapements)

4,874 3,040 2,172

Total Escapement: 6,176 4,487 2,634 (2007) (2006) (2005)

Chinook Escapement Estimates 20052007 (AUC & Redd Based)

See Buckley trap counts for breakdown of upper White River chinook escapements.



Name Coho 2007 Coho 2006 Coho 2005 White River Estimate Dead Estimate Dead Estimate Dead Boise Cr. 986 95 731 30 4,173 233 Salmon Cr. 7 0 2 0 27 4 Salmon Trib. 2 0 None Observed 4 1 White River Not Surveyed Not Surveyed 0 0 Buckley Trap 12,719 8,366 13,893

Total 13,714 9,099 18,097

Puyallup River Canyon 2 0 Canyonfalls Cr. 42 5 39 12 48 5 Carbon R. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed 318 1 Clarks Cr. 9 2 15 1 6 5 Clear Cr. 2 2 1 1 0 0 Coal mine 94 29 121 17 180 42 Fennel Cr. 51 11 27 1 140 6 Fisk 26 5 40 23 22 5 Fox Cr. 331 304 115 49 815 540 Kapowsin Cr. 128 22 182 5 663 77 Ohop Cr. 2 0 45 32 61 15 Rody 0 0 1 1 South Prairie Cr. 16 0 19 2 1,142 1 Spiketon Trib. 53 30 73 46 140 16 Squally Cr. None Observed None Observed 0 0 Swan Cr. None Observed 1 0 0 2 Wilkeson Cr. 41 3 None Observed 108 13

Total 754 681 3,645 Total 14,468 9,780 21,742

White River Above Buckley Trap Wrong Not Surveyed Not Surveyed 192 17 Silver Springs Not Surveyed Not Surveyed 438 70 Pinochle Not Surveyed Not Surveyed 177 2 Huckleberry Not Surveyed Not Surveyed 696 56 Cripple Not Surveyed Not Surveyed 76 11 Clearwater 226 227 18 0 398 9

Name Chum 2007 Chum 2006 Chum 2005 Chum 2004 Chum 2003 White River Estimate Dead Estimate Dead Estimate Estimate Estimate Boise Cr. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed 13 0 Salmon Cr. 33 10 82 48 42 125 123 Salmon Trib. 77 52 313 207 79 344 85 White River 0 5* Not Surveyed 53 617 368 Buckley Trap 0 0 0

Total 115 395 187 1,086 576

Coho Escapement Estimates 20052007 (AUC)

Chum Escapement Estimates 20032007 (AUC)



Puyallup River Canyon Cr. 79 59 352 391* 320 361 218 Canyonfalls Cr. 290 327 625 557 88 172 218 Carbon R. 359 14 590 125 1,083 4,710 2,051 Clarks Cr. 1143 466 2,273 874 2,686 2,503 1,513 Clear Cr. 461 166 877 436 566 1,094 989 Dollar Cr. 1 1 1 4* 0 62 3 Fennel Cr. 1762 1843* 4,504 2,118 1,360 3,515 Fennel Trib. 56 538* 138 572* 49 85 Rody Cr. 30 43* 505 326 28 31 36 South Prairie Cr. 1325 305 2,230 996 1,336 11,451 10 Spiketon Trib. Not Surveyed Not Surveyed 1 3,053

Squally Cr. 4 0 19 1 7 79 26 Swan Cr. 1187 600 1,593 533 169 956 781 Wilkeson Cr. 102 22 169 6 14 201 198 Totals: 7,490 14,720 7,894 26,306 9,672

*The numbers in red were used to calculate the total escapement. For a more accurate count, the number of dead fish counted was used when it exceeded the number of fish estimated.

Chum 2007 Chum 2006 Chum 2005 Chum 2004 Chum 2003 Name Estimate Dead Estimate Dead Estimate Estimate Estimate Name Chum 2007 Chum 2006 Chum 2005 Chum 2004 Chum 2003



20072008 ADULT AND JUVENILE

FISH RELEASES

APPENDIX G



Adult Salmon Adult Chinook:

Date Location WRIA River Mile Males Females Jacks TOTAL 28Sep07 North Fork Puyallup 10.0699 0.2 121 119 1 03Oct07 Deer Creek 10.0685 0.5 47 56 03Oct07 Niesson 10.0622 1.5 64 89

Total: 232 264 496 Adult Coho:

Date Location WRIA River Mile Males Females Jacks TOTAL 6Nov07 North Fork Puyallup 10.0699 0.2 328 219 9Nov07 North Fork Puyallup 10.0699 0.2 230 153 9Nov07 Rushingwater 10.0625 2 150 100 30Oct07 Deer Creek 10.0685 0.5 309 206 5Nov07 Deer Creek 10.0685 0.5 320 213

Total: 1337 891 2,228

Juveniles

SPECIES Chum

DATE (F) Stream WRIA Number of Fish Fish/Lb

Weight (grams)

Length (mm)

Biomass (Pounds)

21Mar08 Puget Creek 12.0002A 50,000 1399.0 0.32 35.54 35.7 21Mar08 Diru Creek 10.0029 454,500 398.9 1.14 50.76 1,139.4 3Apr08 Diru Creek 10.0029 76,125 379.0 1.20 51.62 200.9 3Apr08 Diru Creek 10.0029 507,696 422.0 1.07 50.52 1,203.1 15Apr08 Diru Creek 10.0029 76,025 356.0 1.27 53.28 213.6 25Apr08 Diru Creek 10.0029 507,096 374.5 1.21 52.26 1,354.1 1May08 Diru Creek 10.0029 209,000 377.2 1.20 50.66 554.0 9May08 Diru Creek 10.0029 277,100 377.1 1.20 52.22 734.8 19May08 Diru Creek 10.0029 198,500 470.8 0.96 49.20 421.6 19May08 Diru Creek 10.0029 188,852 470.8 0.96 49.20 401.1

Total: 2,544,894 4,700.7

SPECIES Fall Chinook

DATE (V) DATE Stream WRIA Number of Fish Fish/Lb

Weight (grams)

Length (mm)

Biomass (Pounds)

20May08 20May08 Hylebos Creek 10.0015 9,708 60.3 7.52 88.90 161.0 29May08 1Jun08 Clarks Creek 10.0027 157,000 47.8 10.33 100.80 3,284.5 29May08 1Jun08 Clarks Creek 10.0027 261,240 65.5 7.5 91.6 3,988.0 22May08 29.May08 Cowskull 10.0680 96,500 68.6 6.61 85.06 1,406.7

Total: 524,448 8,840.2

SPECIES Spring Chinook


Weight (grams)

Length (mm)

Biomass (Pounds)

29May08 2Jun08 Clearwater River AP 10.0080 217,000 70.0 6.48 85.00 3,100.0 14May08 15May08 Greenwater River AP 10.0122 550,000 78.2 5.80 81.00 7,033.0 29May08 2Jun08 Huck Army AP 10.0253 514,000 98.1 4.9 76.9 5,239.6

Total: 1,281,000 15,372.6

SPECIES Coho


Weight (grams)

Length (mm)

Biomass (Pounds)

3Mar08 3Mar08 Lake Kapowsin 10.0600 93,000 27.0 16.83 117.00 3,450.0 Total: 93,000 3,450.0

TOTAL SALMON: 4,443,342 32,363.5

Documents

Puyallup Tribe Salmon Trout and Char Report 2008