““Put Them Out & Keep Them Out” Put Them Out & Keep Them Out” – – Philadelphia InquirerPhiladelphia Inquirer

““What a Year Has Brought Forth” – What a Year Has Brought Forth” – NY NY WorldWorld

Who? Why?

Why? 1917, The Bolshevik Revolution• Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR)• Extreme Patriotism during WWI

Why is Communism so bad? No private ownership (give more to “nobodies”)

• Impact on our economy No personal rights/freedoms Not democratic FEAR OF SPREADING

Also - Godless 70,000 in America & growing?

Who? communists, socialists, anarchists, and other dissidents

June 14, 1919 a bomb blew up in front of Mitchell Palmer’s home (Attorney General)

J. Edgar Hoover named special assistant (later director FBI) – purpose hunt down suspected Communists, Socialists and Anarchists

Used Sedition Act (passed during WWI, 1918)

Federal crime to criticize government or Constitution

The Case Against the Reds - Palmer"tongues of revolutionary heat were licking

the alters of the churches, leaping into the belfry of the school bell, crawling into the sacred corners of American homes, seeking to replace marriage vows with libertine laws, burning up the foundations of society."

Palmer Raids – 1920Radicals and left wing organizations 10,000 arrested 7, Nov 1919 – 247 deported Held without trials or evidence May Day

32 states = illegal to display red flag of communism

NY legislature expelled 5 elected Socialist leaders

Clothing sales man CT – 6 mnths - “Lenin is smart”

Sacco & Vanzetti

What do the charges, trial, conviction & execution show?

S & V still killed Residual impacts…

Quota Act of 1921• Purpose: Reduce Immigration, especially

from S & E Europe• Use census of 1910 – 3% of any given group

is allowed in USA each year 1 million Italians in the USA in 1910, 3% of that

allowed in USA each year 20 million French in USA in 1910, 3% of that

allowed in the USA each year Immigration Act of 1924

• Brought number down to 2%

““If Capital & Labor Don’t Pull If Capital & Labor Don’t Pull Together” – Together” – Chicago TribuneChicago Tribune

““While We Rock the Boat” – While We Rock the Boat” – Washington Washington TimesTimes

““Keeping Warm” – Keeping Warm” – Los Angeles Los Angeles TimesTimes

““Coming Out of the Smoke” – Coming Out of the Smoke” – New York New York WorldWorld

““Striking Back” – Striking Back” – New York Evening New York Evening WorldWorld

Why is this happening now?

Strikes = as "crimes against society," conspiracies against the government," and "plots to establish communism."

Eugene Debs & WWI anti-war stance

Strikes not patriotic Demand higher wages, means less

profits for owners Strikes cut into profits Higher wages cut into profits Less profits less competitive with

foreign nations many of workers immigrants

• Suspicious (trying to change America)• …who cares about them?