Put the puzzle together…

What did you discover about the DNA molecule?

Today you will be Code breakers and learn how to

break the code for creating new DNA strands and how the code in DNA is broken to produce and

make proteins!!

Do you remember the basic form of DNA?

DNA ReplicationDNA needs to replicate itself

for the purpose of cellular division

Cells need to be created: To replace cells that have

died like skin cells. How often to you scratch your skin and

see dead cells? To create a cell (sperm or

egg cell) to reproduce a new organism

Steps to DNA replication

DNA is unwound and unzipped by enzymes

The DNA code is read by DNA polymerase which adds the corresponding nucleotide (Nitrogenous base, sugar and phosphate)

Example Adenine is added to Thymine and Cytosine is added to Guanine

DNA before Replication

Both DNA Strands are read and a new identical DNA

strand is created.

If the original DNA strand was ATCGCCGTTA The corresponding strand created would be TAGCGGCAAT

What strand would be created if the original strand was AAAACCGGATTT?

The strand would be TTTTGGCCTAAAYou are so SMART!!!!!!!!!!!

Lets try a few more What DNA strand would be

created from the following DNA strand?

AATTACGCGGCCCDid you say TTAATGCGCCGGG

How about TATATACCGATTTADid you say ATATATGGCTAAAT

Great!!!

The DNA Polymerase also serves as a proof reader to correct any mistakes that could occur Mistakes occur in 1/10,000 nucleotides added. An error creating a DNA could cause a disease to occur or the wrong directions given in another part of the cell.

Fun Fact… There are some people who lack DNA polymerase and do not have anyone to correct the errors in the DNA made. They are more succeptable to getting cancer when DNA is damaged from exposure to UV rays.

How is the code read in the DNA to create proteins and give directions other

places in the cell?I need 5 volunteers.

DNA-RNA Polymerase-mRNA-tRNA-Ribsome

Transcription

The code to create proteins which lies in the DNA must be carried to a place where there are materials for the proteins to be created. Where are proteins created?

DNA is copied to mRNA because DNA is too big to leave through the nuclear pores.

If DNA was not copied the code could not be transferred to the place it can be created.

mRNA is createdmRNA is created very similarly to how DNA is

replicated except for mRNA does not have Thymine Instead it has uracil so when there is an A in a DNA strand the mRNA would have a U.

The DNA molecule is split open by RNA polymerase

RNA polymerase looks for a specific code that tells it when to start creating RNA called a promoter.

The corresponding Nitrogenous bases are added as well as the sugar and phosphate attached.

Can you break the DNA code?

If the DNA sequence was ATTCGGCCATT what would the mRNA sequence be that was created?

___________________________

Did you say UAAGCCGGUAA Yeah!!

Lets try a few more

If the DNA sequence was ATTCCGCCGG

What would the mRNA sequence be? Did you say UAAGGCGGCC? How about TTCCGCGCGCCGAA? Did you say AAGGCGCGCGGCUU Great!!!

Translation:is when proteins are made from

the mRNA

TrNA (Transfer RNA) is great at breaking codes.

There is a specific code for every three letter nitrogenous base sequence

These three letter sequences are called codons.

Each codon tells which amino acid to add to the protein.

Three letter Codes are Codons.

For example….

GUU signals a transfer rNA molecule to bring Valine a specific type of amino acid.

If the three letters were GCC the tRNA would bring Alanine and add it to the protein.

Just like building blocks make a wall Different amino acids create a unique

protein

If I gave you the RNA sequence of CGGGUAUUAUGUGAAUGA what series of Amino Acids would be created into a protein?

Did you say Arginine,Valine,Leucine, Cytosine and Glutamine?

YOU ROCK!!!!!

Lets try one more….. If I gave you the MrNA strand of CGUAGUAGAAGGGCGUGA what Amino Acids would you bring together?Arganine, Serine, Argenine, Argenine,Alanine

FABULOSO!!!!!

Amino Acids connect to make proteins

Here is a great picture of the whole process….

To review, what does each do in the process and where does it

hang out? First for DNA replication

DNA strand , Nitrogenous Bases, Sugar Phosphate backbone,Enzymes,DNA polymerase

Now for transcription and translation

DNA strand Nuclear Membrane RNA polymerase MrNA TrNA Ribosome

Your Job…….

Create 2 comic strips: 1 comic must illustrate how DNA is

replicated to create new cells It must include all major players

involved They must talk about their role in the

process in your own words They must be pictured in the location

they do their job.

The other comic…. Illustrates transcription and translation(How mRNA is created from DNA and used

to create a unique protein) This comic must represent each player

involved…. Each player must talk about their

individual role in the process Each player must be located in the

environment they do their job. Must be scientifically accurate

This will be due….

Friday… You will have the rest of today to

work on this and Thursday if you are not going to the play with Merlino..