Puritan New England

The Protestant Reformation

• Martin Luther (1517)– Vernacular– 95 Theses– Indulgences– Vs. Catholicism

• John Calvin– Predestination• Puritans • Strict Morals• Hardwork

Reformation in England• Reformation in England– Henry 8th • Catherine of Aragon• Ann Boleyn • Queen Elizabeth –Catholic Response = Illegitimate

– Puritan Persecution • King James I

– Puritans Fled to Netherlands – Secretly practice in England

– Glorious Revolution, and William & Mary– Act of Toleration of 1689

English Economy in 1600

• Economic– Joint-Stock Company– Royal Charter– Population Explosion• Lack of the Black Death• Enclosure of farmland

Jamestown• May 6, 1607– Virginia Company

• Joint-Stock Company and Royal Charter

– Gentlemen Colonist• First Winter

• John Smith

• Powhatan Confederacy Help

– Powhatan Confederacy• Pocohontas/John Rolfe

• Land Dispute– Perpetual Enmity– Tobacco

– Tobacco• Headright System

• Indentured Servants

• Slavery

Indentured Servitude • Indentured Servitude– 5-7 years– Called “white slavery”– Transportation Conditions– Work Conditions– Living Conditions

• Male/Female– Escape/rebellion– End of servitude/lack of land/lack of voting

• Over 50% of Colonist– Basis of economic class structure

• Poverty or Lower Class • High Taxes• Social unrest

Bacon’s Rebellion - 1676• William Berkeley– Elitist

• Land and Taxes• Poor white settlers, buffer

– Indian Fights on Frontier

• Nathaniel Bacon– Former Servants

• Land• Militia/vigilantes• March on and burning of Jamestown• Thomas Grantham

– Result of Rebellion• Improved conditions

– Ruling class fear– Whites vs. Blacks vs. Indians– Birth of Middle class

8

Maryland

• Lord Baltimore – Sir George Calvert • Sought Colony Charter• Catholic • Colony for English Catholics

– Cecilius Calvert• Founded Colony

8

Plymouth Colony • Pilgrims– Puritans

• Predestination• Hard work and strict Morals

– Leiden Separatist • Mayflower - December 1621– Saints– Strangers

• The Mayflower Compact (covenant)• First Winter• Wampanoag Indians– Squanto– Chief Massasoit

Massachusetts Bay Colony• Congregationalist– Puritans– Reformers, or Nonseparating

Congregationalists– Visible Saints

• John Winthrop– Founder and First Governor – Wilderness Zion– Self-Governing– “City Upon A Hill”

• Abrella - 1630– Great Migration– Boston

Continued

• Freemen–Wealth– Church membership

• General Court– JW vs. the People– Original Charter

• Two-House Legislature– House of Assistants (L) and House of Deputies

(C)

• 1630-1644– Trading company to commonwealth

The English Empire in the New World

• Rhode Island– Roger Williams

• Questioned Calvinism• View of Church and State • Relationship With Native Americans • Religious Freedom

– Ann Hutchinson• Questioned women’s role in society• Questions women’s role in the church • Banished from MBC

Continue • New York– Dutch Colony of New Amsterdam

• Dutch East India company

– Trading Post • Fur and Fish

– Social/Civil Freedom• Very Diverse • Religious Freedom

– King Charles II• Dutch Colony in the Middle of English America

– Peter Stuyvesant• Governor of Colony

– Articles of Capitulation• Became English Colony of New York

Continued

• Pennsylvania– Quakers• George Fox• Inner light• Renounced sacraments, contracts, violence• Intense Persecution

–William Penn• Pennsylvania• Purpose• Social/Civil Freedom• Indian Relations

The French in North America

• St. Lawrence River– Natural Shipping Lane – French Canada Today

• English vs. French Colonization – Permanent vs. Short Term• Families vs. Single Men

– Protestant vs. Catholic • Catholic Missionaries

– Various economic activities vs. Fur Trading – Negative Native American Relations vs.

Positive Native American Relations