Puritan Museum

Historical Background

The Puritan Period (1620-1750)

Puritans

• People who were a part of a religious and social movement

• Began in England when the people wanted to make changes in the church

*Puritans are called Puritans because they wanted to “purify” the church*

NATIVE AMERICANS

The Native Americans were there long before the Puritans came along and had a way of life. They told their stories and histories through their offspring and so forth. Some of the Puritans would go and convert Indian Tribes.

Witch Trials◊ Began in Salem, Massachusetts

Bay in 1692 when a few girls from the village were noticed to be acting strangely

◊ Samuel Parris(minister) is thought to be the leader who had poor farmers follow him, John Smith also suspect

◊ Poor farmers followed because the church held “stability and traditional values”

◊ People who didn’t join would probably be accused of witchcraft

◊ 150 people were charged and if convicted they could either be hanged or pressed to death by large stones

› Puritans moved from England because they thought the churches needed purifying and they were dissatisfied

› They founded settlements along the East Coast

› Government was based on Bible teachings

› Education was VERY important to them

› Established Yale and Harvard› Each colony was different from

the others based on what teaching they thought were more and important and followed what they thought were important Bible passages

Colonists Land in Massachusetts

Types of LiteratureHistoriesEx. John Smith’s The Generall Historie of Virginia, New England and the Summer Isles - It talks about goods and the hardships of the colonial life when beginning a colonyJournals-accounts of someone’s life during a specific time or period-personal thoughts and feelingsDiaries-deep and private thoughts that people wrote about their feelings and feelings about events and troubles or worries

Types of Literature (cont.)Poetry“But he whose name is grav'd in the white stone, Shall last and shine when all of these are gone.”

- Anne Bradstreet “Contemplations”Sermons - a preacher’s speech on moral reasons or anything they feel is necessary to be said

- Mather Cotton had over 450 works published and most were sermons

Puritan Authors

Anne Bradstreet (1612- 1672)• Born in Northampton, England • Married Simon Bradstreet and they

moved to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630

• Died Sept. 16, 1672• American Poet-“Contemplations“-"On the Burning of Her House“ -"To My Dear and Loving Husband“- "Meditations Divine and Moral"• contributed moral and religious ideas• Best known for her book of poems,

The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America.

Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758)• Famous Minister of Puritan New

England• Known as a philosopher, preacher,

revivalist(one who teaches ideas of earlier times), and theologian

• his sermons helped with a series of revival movements

• Best known for his movement in-Great Awakening-Freedom of Will • Dismissed from the church when he

left out a part of the “Last Supper”• Became missionary to Indians in MA

William Bradford (1663-1752)• Born in Leicestershire, England• Established first printing press in

Philadelphia• Arrested after publishing works of

attacks on Quakers• Contributed to everyone with

“Freedom of the Press” • Started the New-York Gazette• Grandfather also published a colonial

newspaper

John Smith (1580 -1631)• Born Willoughby, England • Worked on farm and went to school• Fought as (Dutch)solider until

captured by Ottomans who sold him as a slave

• Helped establish Jamestown Colony in Virginal

• Named Massachusetts Bay Colony, “New England”

• Famous Works-The Generall Historie of Virginia-New England and the Summer Isles(about American Hardships and

Colonization) • Died June 21, 1631

Cotton Mather (1663-1728)• was born Feb. 12, 1663, in Boston and

died on Feb. 13, 1728• Father and Grandfather famous ministers• Leading Minister and Theologian in New

England (Second Church in Boston)• Preached about how to know and serve

God and helped people become saved• About 450 published works (sermons)• Famous Works-Bonifacius (essays on how to be “good”) -Magnalia Christi Americana (Christianity in

New England)• Loved witchcraft, supernatural, and

prophecies about the end of the world*some think he is linked to Salem Witchcraft

Executions*

Edward Taylor (1642-1729)• Born in Leicestershire, England• School teacher• Harvard• Minister in Westfield,

Massachusetts• Calvinist (Theology that

emphasizes the rule of God over everything)

• poet- Preparatory Meditations- God's Determination*Argue between good and evil to

show God’s mercy on people*

Puritan Themes

There are 6 themes that the Puritans pertain to which are

all interconnected.

Themes Emphasis on

Purification Being Plain Religion Original Sin Hard Work needed

in Every Life

Emphasis On

◊Redemption

◊People lived closely together so they could watch their neighbors for anything “impure”

Purification

o Innocence

o Less is more (because being plain makes the soul better and it’s about the things a person doesn’t need)

Emphasis On

Being Plain

Religion† Importance

† Their sole reason for living was to please God

† Strict; a person either followed or didn’t

Emphasis On

Adam and Eve The original sin is considered to be when Adam and Eve where in the Garden of Eden and God said that they couldn’t not eat the fruit off this specific tree and they would be immortal, but they picked the fruit and God punished them and now that is why people die instead of living forever.

Emphasis On

Original Sin

Hard Work

• Earn spiritual and moral rewards

• Good deeds don’t go unnoticed

• Proof to devotion towards God

Emphasis On

God chooses who goes to Heaven

All power is in his hands

Everything happens for a reason because that is God’s plan for people

Only be saved by God’s words and healing

Everyone’s Fate is in God’s Hands

Emphasis On

Puritan Life

The Puritans way of life is very different and strictly

based on Religion.

Culture● plain● simple● straightforward● God (everything

revolves around God)● Strict● Radical● *Note the picture and

the dress and walk, mood.*

CustomsReligionMore Personal PrayersGodStressed Bible Reading, Prayer, Preaching, Grace, and DevotionEducationProhibition of Alcohol and Temperance (limited amount of Alcohol consumed)

Inventions

They built churches and towns (a.k.a. Covenants).

There churches were very plain because it went with the theme of being plain and they were their for God.

The Puritans pushed for reforms in the new translation of the Bible (King James Verison)

Reforms in the English Churches before they moved to America and built up their own churches.

FadsWitch Trials were

big deal and when proven guilty they were hanged

All churches has hard wooden benches in church to get the seriousness of the their point across

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