Punjabi Text Book : Kathaa Jagat (Class XII)

eEkîrspkoQthA iwks bJh

3

eEkîrs

pkoQthA iwks bJh

;?ANob p'ov nk| ;?ezvoh n?i{e/PBgqhs ftjko, fd~bh^110092

4

KATHAA JAGAT (For Class XII)

gfjbh tko ^ 2011

w[Zb L 00$^ o[gJ/

XzBtkdn;hA T[jBK ;ko/ b/yeK d/ fdb'A XzBtkdh jK. fiBQK B/ nkgDhnK ouBktK fJ; g[;se ftZu Pkwb eoB bJh nkfrnk fdZsh.

© ;?ANob p'ov nkc ;?ezvoh n?i{e/PB, fdZbh^110092

gqekPevkH thok r[gsk,;eZso, ;?ANob p'ov nk| ;?ezvoh n?i{e/PB, fdZbh^110092

This book or part thereof may not be reproduced by any person of agency in any manner.

Printed at :

5

w[~y Ppd

g[;se ‘eEkîrs’ ;?ANob p'ov nk| ;?ezvoh n?i{e/PB d/ T[~dw Bkb, ;hBhno ;?ezvoh iwks d/ftfdnkoEhnK d/ gkmêqw bJh fsnko eotkJh rJh j?. fJ; g[;se dk w{b wB'oE toswkB gfog/y ƒfXnkB ftu oZyfdnK j'fJnK ftfdnkoEhnK ƒ ihtB s/ ;wki d/ pdbd/ :EkoE s'A ikD{ eotkT[Dk j?.fJ; bJh fJ; g[;se ftZu w[ZYb/ gzikph ejkDhekoK d/ Bkb Bkb Bt/A ejkDhekoK dhnK gqshfBX ejkDhnKƒ Pkwb ehsk frnk j?. ejkDhnK d/ ftP/ gzikph g/Av{ s/ Pfjoh ;wki dk fusoD eoB d/ Bkb wB[ZyhihtB d/ w{b ;o'ekoK d/ Bkb ;zpzXs jB. fJ; bJh fiZE/ fJ; ftu gzikph eEkîrs Bkb i[V/ w[ZYb/ejkDhekoK dhnK gqshfBX ejkDhnK ƒ Pkwb ehsk j?, T[E/ Bkb jh Bt/A ejkDhekoK dhnK nfijhnK ejkDhnKth fJ; ;zrqfj dk fjZ;k jB, i' BthB ftfPnK L wB[Zyh wB'ftfrnkB, ihtB d/ ;{\w sZsK, wkBth G[ZyK ns/E[VK ƒ fpnkBD d/ Bkb^Bkb ihtB d/ B?fse w[ZbK Bkb nzso^;zpzXs jB. ;w[ZuhnK ejkDhnK ftfdnkoEh$gkme wB Bkb B/Vsk ns/ ngZDs ƒ gqrNkT[D d/ ;woZE jB. ejkDhnK dh tzB^;[tzBsk th gkme d/ nfj;k;Kƒ N[zpdh j?. ejkDh ftu eEk p'X dh th Gog{osk j?. fJ; ;zrqfj ƒ jo soQK Bkb gqshfBX pBkT[D bJhfiBQK p[ZXhihthnK B/ ;fj:'r fdZsk j?, n;hA T[BQK d/ XzBtkdh jK.

w?A T[BQK ;ko/ gzikph wkfjoK dk XzBtkd eodk jK fiBQK B/ fJ; g[;se ƒ fsnko eoB ftZu ;kvh;jkfJsk ehsh j?. w?A vkH ;kXBk gokPo gqw[Zy (BthA ekY s/ y'i, ;?ANob p'ov nk| ;?ezvoh n?i{e/PB)ns/ ;qh nb fjbkb nfjwd, ;jkfJe f;Zfynk nfXekoh (GkPktK), ;?ANob p'ov nk| ;?ezvoh n?i{e/PB,dk XzBtkdh jK. fiBQK dh gq/oBk ns/ ;jh fBod/PB Bkb n;hA fJ; g[;se ƒ fsnko eoB ftZu ;cbj'J/. w?ƒ Go';k j? fe fJ; GkPk ƒ gVQB tkfbnK ƒ fJ; dk Gog{o bkG j't/rk.

g[;se d/ ;[Xko tk;s/ nfXnkgeK ns/ ftfdnkoEhnK d/ ;[MktK s/ gqshfeqnktK dk ;[nkrs j?.

ftBhs i'Ph(u/now?B)

6

eEkîrs

;hHphHn?Z;HJhH ;bkjeko ew/Nh L

;qh tBhs i'Ph (nkJhHJ/Hn?~;H)u/now?B, ;hHphHn?~;HJhH, fdZbh

;qh PPh G{PDvkfJo?eNo (nekdfwe), ;hHphHn?~;HJhH, fdZbh

vkH ;kXBk gqkPogqw[Zy (BthA ekY s/ y'i) ;hHphHn?~;HJhH, fdZbh

;zgkdeh wzvb L

vkH irihs e"o — n?;';hJ/N gq'|?;o, bePwh pkJh ekbi, fdZbh

vkH p/nzs e"o — n?;';hJ/N gq'|?;o, ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t, ykb;k ekbi, d/t Bro, BthA fdZbh^110005

;qhH n?ZBH nkoH r'fJb — ;kpek tkJh; fgqz;hgb, n?~BHghH p[nkfJI ;hH ;?H;e{b, BthA fdZbh

;H gqekP f;zx fr~b — ;hBhno, gzikph nfXnkge, r[o{ jfofeqPB gpfbe ;e{b, t?~;N fiUsh Bro, (b'Bh o'v), Pkjdok, fdZbh

yoVk ohftT{eko LvkH e[btho r'iok — nf;;N?AN gq'c?;o, gzikph ftGkr, fdZbh :{Bhtof;Nh, fdZbh

;H pbftzdo f;zx ;'Yh — b?ueoko, ;ot'fdnk pkb ftfdnkb:, ow/P Bro, BthA fdZbh

;qhwsh i;ftzdo e"o — gzikph nfXnkgek, r[o{ jfofeqPB gpfbe ;e{b, fJzvhnk r/N, BthA fdZbh

gqki?eN^n|;o L

;qh nb fjbkb nfjwd — ;jkfJe f;Zfynk nfXekoh (GkPktK), ;hHphHn?~;HJhH, fdZbh

7

Hkkjr dk lafo/kkuHkkjr dk lafo/kkuHkkjr dk lafo/kkuHkkjr dk lafo/kkuHkkjr dk lafo/kkumísf'kdkmísf'kdkmísf'kdkmísf'kdkmísf'kdk

ge Hkkjr ds yksx] Hkkjr dks ,d 1 ¼lEiw.kZ izHkqRo&laiUu lektoknh iaFkfujis{k yksdra=kRed x.kjkT;½ cukus ds fy,] rFkk mldsleLr ukxfjdksa dks %

lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuSfrd U;k;]fopkj] vfHkO;fDr] fo'okl] /keZ

vkSj mikluk dh Lora=krk]izfr"Bk vkSj volj dh lerk

izkIr djus ds fy,]rFkk mu lc esa

O;fDr dh xfjek vkSj 2 ¼jk"Vª dh ,drkvkSj v[k.Mrk½ lqfuf'pr djus okyh ca/kqrk

c<+kus ds fy,n`<+ladYi gksdj viuh bl lafo/kku lHkk esa vkt rkjh[k 26 uoEcj] 1949 bZ0 dks ,rn~}kjk bl lafo/kku dks vaxhd`r]vf/kfu;fer vkSj vkRekfiZr djrs gSaA

1- lafo/kku ¼C;kyhloka la'kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1976 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk ¼3-1-1977 ls½ ^îzHkqRo&laiUu yksdra=kRed x.kjkT;** ds LFkkuij izfrLFkkfirA

2- lafo/kku ¼C;kyhloka la'kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1976 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk ¼3-1-1977 ls½ ^^jk"Vª dh ,drk** ds LFkku ij izfrLFkkfirA

Hkkx 4 dHkkx 4 dHkkx 4 dHkkx 4 dHkkx 4 d

ewy dÙkZO;ewy dÙkZO;ewy dÙkZO;ewy dÙkZO;ewy dÙkZO;

51 d- ewy dÙkZO;&&Hkkjr ds izR;sd ukxfjd dk ;g dÙkZO; gksxk fd og&&51 d- ewy dÙkZO;&&Hkkjr ds izR;sd ukxfjd dk ;g dÙkZO; gksxk fd og&&51 d- ewy dÙkZO;&&Hkkjr ds izR;sd ukxfjd dk ;g dÙkZO; gksxk fd og&&51 d- ewy dÙkZO;&&Hkkjr ds izR;sd ukxfjd dk ;g dÙkZO; gksxk fd og&&51 d- ewy dÙkZO;&&Hkkjr ds izR;sd ukxfjd dk ;g dÙkZO; gksxk fd og&&¼d½ lafo/kku dk ikyu djs vkSj mlds vkn'kksZa] laLFkkvksa] jk"Vª /ot vkSj jk"Vª xku dk vknj djsa]¼[k½ Lora=krk ds fy, gekjs jk"Vªh; vkanksyu dks izsfjr djus okys mPPk vkn'kksZa dks gn; esa latks, j[kas vkSj mudk ikyu

djsa]¼x½ Hkkjr dh izHkqrk] ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk dh j{kk djsa vkSj mls v{kq..k j[ksa]¼?k½ ns'k dh j{kk djsa vkSj vkg~oku fd, tkus ij jk"Vª dh lsok djsa]¼M½ Hkkjr ds lHkh HksnHkko ls ijs gksa] ,slh izFkkvksa dk R;kx djsa tks fL=k;ksa ds lEeku ds fo:) gSa]¼N½ izkd`frd i;kZoj.k dh ftlds varxZr ou] >hy] unh vkSj oU; thou gSa] j{kk djsa vkSj mldk lao/kZu djsa rFkk izkf.k

ek=k ds izfr n;k Hkko j[ksa¼t½ oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k] ekuookn] vkSj KkuktZu rFkk lq/kkj dh Hkkouk dk fodkl djsa]¼>½ lkoZtfud laifÙk dks lqjf{kr j[ksa vkSj fgalk ls nwj jgsa]¼vk½ O;fDrxr vkSj lkewfgd xfrfof/k;ksa ls lHkh {ks=kksa esa mRd"kZ dh vksj c<+us dk lrr iz;kl djsa ftlls jk"Vª fujarj

c<+rs gq, iz;Ru vkSj miyfC/k dh ubZ ÅapkbZ;ksa dks Nw ysA

9

THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

PREAMBLE

WE, THE POEPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a1

(Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic) and to secure to all its citizenes :

JUSTICE, social economic and political;

LIBERTY of thought, experssion, belief, faith and workship;

EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all

FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the2 [unity and integrity ofthe Nation];

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixty day of November, 1949, doHEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELEVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

1. Subs by the Consitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act, 1976, sec. 2, for "Sovereign DemocraticRepublic (w.e.f. 3.1.1977)

2. Subs by the Consitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act, 1976, sec. 2, for "unity of the Nation(w.e.f. 3.1.1977)

10

THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

Chapter IVAFoundamental Duties

ARTICLE 51A

Fundamental Duties—It shall be the duty of every citizen of India—

(a) to abide the Consititution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flagand the National Anthem ;

(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle forfreedom ;

(c) to uphold and protect the sovereighty, unity and integrity of India;

(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;

(e) To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the peopleof India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities ; torenounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women ;

(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;

(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers,wild life and to have compassion for living creature ;

(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;

(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;

(j) to strive towards excellence in all shperes of individual and collective activity sothat the nation constantly rises to higher levles of endeavour and achievement.

11

sseok

w[Zy Ppd ftBhs i'Ph 5

1H ;t/o j'D se ;zs'y f;zx Xho 13

2H o'b Bzpo wfjzdo f;zx ;oBk 20

3H fszB fdB dk p/JhwkB ;ftzdo f;zx T[~gb 26

4H ;{bh T[s/ bNe/ gb nihs e"o 33

5H fwZ; ;"|N r[bIko f;zx ;zX{ 41

6H fsbu"bh w'jB Gzvkoh 48

7H shih rZb r[opuB f;zx G[Zbo 53

8H tfjzrh uzdB B/rh 60

9H wK dk bkvbk pfuzs e"o 67

10H po| dk dkBt i;pho G[Zbo 72

11H nkgDk nkgDk fjZ;k tfonkw ;zX{ 80

12H T[BQK t/fbnK dh rZb ;[fozdo okwg[oh 88

13

;t/o j'D se;zs'y f;zx Xho(1920 ^ 2010)

vz{xh oks frnk, uzBD iZN, gZe/ y{j dhnK g?bhnK tkj e/, Ee/t/A dk Mzfpnk, xo w[fVnk. jkVd/ gfjb/ whAj B/ ;kT[Dh dhnK fpikJhnK bJh I'o gk fdZsk ;h. j[D tZs nkJh j'Jh ;h, c/o gskBjhA MVh br ikt/, iK J/Bh bzwh n"V gt/ fe |;bK gS/shnK j' ikD.

pbdK ƒ gZm/ gk e/ T[jB/ jZE g?o X's/, e'm/ T[s/ o'Nh ykXh s/ nZy dZpD bJh wzih T[~s/ N/Yk j'frnk. ;t/o/, tZv/ sVfeT[A ik e/ nkb{nK dh N[eVh ftu i[nko dk SZNk fybkoBk s/ fco nkED/ i's/gZe/ y{j dh d'jo eo e/ wZeh phiDh ;h.

;[y ftu bZsK bzfwnko e/ T[j fyV/ j'J/ skfonK tZb sZedk BhAd dh b'o ftu nZy bkT[D jh bfrnk;h fe Bkb d/ e'm/ T[s'A wzik vkj[zfdnK x[Zdk p'fbnk, “ikDhdk gZe/ dh ;koh yZsh tkj nkfJnK uzBDk,wyK p'bdk BQhA, EZfenk j'fJzrk <”

uzBD wzi/ T[~s/ fgnk fgnk p'fbnk, “U wyK j[D ekjƒ oVe oyDh n?A—i'sk j'o eZ; e/ bkbJhJ/—fJe sK p"bd BQhA s[odk ;kbk, iwK Jh ofj yfVQnk.”

“fejVk, whDk <”“BjhA, d{nk bkyk—fvQzr Jh BQhA gZNdk pokpo—skjhA sK nkj t/bk nk frnk.”“GkJh yoke dh rZb n? ;koh HHH.” x[Zd/ B/ oZp brdh nkyh.“yoke j[D gkJh sK ikB/ nK HHH fizBh go'e'A n?A HHH.” uzBD dh ’tki ftu p/t;h ;h.“nk HHH j'.” x[Zdk wzi/ T[~s/ N/Yk j' frnk.skfonK Goh Bhbh SZs tb sZed/ uzBD dhnK nZyK ftu T{Ax nkT[D bZrh. fJe b'o ftu BhAd

dk N{Dk j' fojk ;h. sko/ T[jdhnK nZyK ftu X{V d/ feDe/ pD rJ/ s/ gZe/ y{j d/ bfjohJ/ f;nkVT[jd/ ;[cfBnK ftu c?bD br/. gob/ tk;, fNeh oks ftu N"Aeodk e[Zsk fBzwQk fBzwQk j[zdk T[jdh ;[os’u'A ft;o frnk.

SzB/ ftu d[ZX b? e/, puB', uzBD d/ wzi/ e'b nkJh, “b? cV, d[ZX dh p[e gh b? `”uzBD dk m"Aek br fojk ;h.“wyK ;"A th frnk ;hp' dk pkg{ HHH<” T[jB/ uzBD dk w'Yk M{fDnk.“jK HHH jK HHH”, uzBD nZGV e/ p'fbnk.“b? cV, d[ZX gh b? T[m e/ e';k e';k `”uzBD T[m e/ wzi/ T[~s/ pfj frnk, s/ d[ZX dk SzBk cV e/ T{Axdk T{Axdk ghD bZrk. nkb/ d[nkb/

e'fmnK T[~s/ b'e u[Zg ukg gJ/ ;B. x[Zd/ dh th nZy brh ikgdh ;h. puB'A g?Ad tZb wzi/ dh pkjhT[~s/ pfj rJh. b'jV/ dk tZN j' fojk ;h. T[d'A jh fJe gkDh dk fGZfink p[ZbQk nkfJnk. d{o, gjkV

14

dh e[Zy ftu ekbh xNk fxoh j'Jh ;h, fi; ftu'A ed/ ed/ fpibh nZy wko iKdh. puB' B/ j"bh fijhnkfynk, “pZdb nZi c/o y"o/ wzi/ j/mK b[jk e/ jN/.”

\kbh SzBk puB'A tZb eofdnK T[jB/ j[zrkok fdZsk, “;"ADk fejVk fwbd? ;j[ok BhAd Go e/—d' oksKj' rJhnK fJ;/ soQK.”

BhAd ftu ehfbnk uzBD c/o wzi/ T[~s/ Y/oh j' frnk. g?Ad gJh y/;h T[jB/ NzrK T[~s/ fyZu bJh.puB'A d/ wzi/ T[~s'A fBZeh e[Vh ftbe T[mh. T[j T[~m e/ T[jd/ Bkb ik gJh. tZN c/o j' frnk ;h.nZX gfjo th BjhA ;h phfsnk j'Dk fe uzBD d/ fgzv/ T[~s/ ;{Jh fijh nk u[Gh. T[jB/ gk;k gofsnk.T[;/ soQK fJe j'o s/ T[jdh BhAd Gzr j'D brh.

“eDh br gJh fvrD e'Jh e'Jh HHH`” T[jd/ ezB tb/b gJh l fit/A x[Zdk nkgD/ wzi/ s'AfEofenk j't/.

“wyK ;hp' d/ pkg{ HHH `” puB'A B/ bbeko e/ nkfynk, “wzi/ sK bkj[D/ Jh g?Dr/ mkjK `”“Bh wyK gJ/ oj'—fes/ BQhA gob' nkT[Adh `” uzBD B/ y/;h j'o T[~s/ fyZu e/ ;[nko bJh.“c/o jpV dpV g? ikDh n?A HHH`” puB'A f|eo Bkb xkpodh ;h.“fes/ BQhA g?Adh—sz{ gJh oj[ HHH`”rZb ni/ uzBD d/ wz{j ftu jh ;h fe w'N/ w'N/ efDnK B/ fJedw jZbk p'b fdZsk. nkb/ d[nkb/

;ko/ e'fmnK T[~s/ jcVk dcVh wu rJh. wzihnK, gxz{fVnK T[~s/ i[ZbhnK, go'fbnK ftu gJ/ x{e fBnkD/v"o G"o j' T[~m/. uzBD p"Adb e/ wzi/ T[~s/ gJh doh dh g{Dh eoB bZrk. puB'A B/ fsZyh j' e/ nkfynk,“sz{ n?E/ frDshnK eh frDh ikB?A `” T[so e/ wzi/ cV, w?A T[s'A bwekT[Adh nK.”

tkSV d/ eDskJ/ euBhAdo/ fBnkD/ o'D bZr/.rbh ftu yb' e/ uzBD pB/o/ T[s'A wzi/ fp;so/ cVB brk. puB'A whAj ftu p"Adbh S/sh S/sh bwekJh

iKdh ;h. gsk BjhA ;[Ze/ nzpo feE'A eNe uVQ e/ nk frnk. d/yd/ jh d/yd/ EK EK goBkb/ uZbDbr gJ/.

dhtk pkb e/ whAj ftu fGZi/ f;Zi/ fBnkfDnK ƒ uzBD B/ wzfinK T[~s/ ;[ZN fdZsk. dbkB ns/ e'mVhnKd/ w'x/ YZe e/ gkDh Bkb B[ZuVdh puB'A EZb/ nk rJh s/ e[Vsh dk gZbk Bu'Vdh fyZM Bkb e[VQ e/ p'bh,“is dh efjBh nK, pZdb f;o s/ yV?, iZd/ BQh f;o fJBQhA uZfenk HHH `”

;ko/ iD/ dbkB ftu wzihnK, i[ZbhnK T[s/ fes/ Bk fes/ fvZr gJ/. tkSV dk whAj fit/A nkfJnk;h, T[t/A fJedw ubk frnk. goBkb/ j"bh j"bh j[zd/ sshohnK ftu ofj rJ/. nzdo b'jV/ dk j[zw ;h.j"bh j"bh jtk fpbe[b pzd j' rJh. dht/ dh bkN f;Xh ;s'o yVh ;h. s'V s'V yKdk wZSo ezBK e'bphB tikT[Adk ;h. ;[Zs/ gJ/ fBnkD/ so/bhnK ftu rZu j' rJ/. sZsh jtkVQ Bkb xo GZm/ tKr sg fojk;h. nebekD j'fJnk uzBD p'fbnk, “w'xk sK y[bQk ofjD fdzdh <”

“whAj sK xN pzBQ e/ nk frnk—c/o e"D iKdk T[go <”“nzdo sK nZr brh iKdh n?—wZSo T{A s'V s'V yKd?.” uzBD B/ fgzvk y[oefdnK fejk.g;hB/ ftu fgueh j'Jh e?b' gzx{Vh T[~s/ fB; fB; eoB brh. ftbedh S'Nh e[Vh puB'A

s'A Bkb BjhA ;h bkJh iKdh. T[jB/ gZyh MZb e/ fBnkDh ƒ u[Zg eokT[Dk ukfjnk. tZvh

15

e[Vh ;hp' gkDh gkDh j'Jh nkgD/ gxz{V/ T[~s/ T[~m p?mh, “pkpk HHH BhAd fejVk nkT[Adh n? HHH`”“Bh p/p/, nkgK dhtk Jh p[Mk d/ HHH `” ;hp' s'A S'Nk fGzdo p'fbnk. T[jƒ dht/ d/ ukBD s'A th

;/e nkT[Adk ikgdk ;h.uzBD T[~m e/ pkjo rbh ftu nkfJnk, “eDhnK sK pzd B/—pZdb sK dhAjdk BjhA fes/ j[D.”“i? ykDk n?t/A GkiV gk fdzd?, nZb ebQ dk whAj `” puB'A gJh gJh nzdo'A p'bh.“Bh p/p/, rbh ’u eZY b" wzi/ HHH.” ;hp' B/ ekjbh g? e/ nkfynk.“nkj' w[zBh, rbh ftu vkj b?B/A nK.” uzBD nzdo nk e/, pkjo eZYD bJh, wzik uZ[eD bZrk.puB'A T[~m e/ p{j/ ftu nkJh s/ T[go tZb sZeD bZrh, “j[D sK dhAjdk BjhA fe;/ gk;/—n?B ;k|

n? nzpo.”r[nKY'A e/;oh sykDh B/ j[zrkok fdZsk, “Bh G{nk, ’eZbk ’eZbk skok frD b?—id nkT[Ad?, gNw/bh

uZe fdzd? uzdok.”“pkpk, wkbe ƒ e"D ej/ HHH”, T[s/ uVQkT[D bJh nkgD/ Bht/A pB/o/ T[~s/ wzi/ d/ gkt/ nVkT[AfdnK

x[Zdk p'fbnk.“wyK j[D T[~s/ Jh uVQk wzi/—rbh ’u BjhA ;{s/ ofjD/ HHH” puB'A B/ rbh ftu wzik vkj[zd/ uzBD

ƒ nkfynk.“BhA j[D d' xzN/ fgS/ feE/ X{j^xVh; eohJ/—oks nZXh N[ZN ubh—d/y sK fyZshnK feE/

;oe nkJhnK `”“rbh ’u ehjdk ehjdk vkj/Ark < Bkb/ ;" vzro gP{ HHH. sz{ uZb T[s/, w?A cVkT[Bh nK wzi/, xVh

okw Bkb sK bzx/.”“uzrk c/o, cVk, ;hp' uZe sK GkJh fBnkfDnK ƒ, fGzdo T[~m UJ/, wzi/ eYk pkjo `” efjzfdnK

uzBD g"Vh d/ vzv/ uVQdk pB/o/ T[~s/ ik p?fmnk.puB'A B/ pkjK T[~s/ ;jko e/ wzi/ s/ fp;so/ cVkJ/. uzBD B/ w[V EkUA EkJhA fBnkfDnK ƒ gkfJnk.

puB'A B/ dhtk p[Mk e/ fizdk bkfJnk s/ g"Vh d/ f;yob/ vzv/ T[~s/ uVQdh p'bh, “j/ pQkro{—j/mK Bkb'A;kj sK nkT[Ad? `”

fBnkfDnK ƒ wzihnK T[~s/ fbNk ;[nko e/ puB'A w'xk y'bQD rJh sK e'mVh T[~s/ T[jdh nZvh X;rJh s/ fco w[V e/ nkT[Adh dk pB/o/ T[~s/ g?o fsbQe frnk. w;hA fvrD s'A pudh T[j fyZM e/ p[Vp[VkT[Dbrh, “e? r/b fej? d'ieh ƒ, o'Dh nkbh feZeo tZY e/ d' yD T[~s/ SZs b?B/ nK—Bkb/ e'mVh dhnKeVhnK MkV bKr/—iZN B/ fJe BQhA ;[Dh—b'ehA n?PK b[ZNdh n?—n?E/ i{B eZNDh HHH`”

“BhA j[D fsjk;wK SZsD p?mk w?A e[ HH`” T[j e'm/ i/vh Xh d/ ekoi pko/ nkyD brk ;h fe T[jƒe'b gJh w[fNnko Xh dh fbjki wko rJh.

“U s?A eh bQbQo bkT[D? HHH”, bVz{ bVz{ eodh T[j e'b nk rJh.“uzrk, g? ik j[D okw Bkb—N?V N?V bkJh n? tkX{—nkg s'A Bhw/A nb d/y e/ vzr fBebd? `”“nkj' GkJh nkj'—nkj sK rZb ;Zu n? uzBD dh.” Bkb d/ xo dh BhthA SZs s'A eow f;jz[ dh

nzwK B/ jK ’u jK fwbkJh.

16

tZN Bkb c/o ;kj pzd j'D bZrk ;h, fit/A whAj ed/ tfoQnk jh BjhA j[zdk. phph nsoh d/ ftjV/ftu T[~rh feZeo u[Zg ukg yb'sh ;h. rowh Bkb fiZu j' e/ uzBD e[dos d/ gqpzX fto[X p'fbnk, “e'Jhuzdok gkgh p?m/ gfjo/ T[~s/ nZi sK gZsk BjhA fjbdk.”

“wkV/ dk d[fy d[Zy HHH`” j/mK, vzroK tkb/ xo nr/, rbh ’u wzik vkjhA fgnk w?Arb ftjV/ nkbkp'fbnk. nkgDh EK T[j nkg sob'̂ wZSh j' fojk ;h.

“Bh p/p/, wZSo bVh iKd? `” fGzdo wzi/ dh d"D T[~s/ frZN/ orVdk p'fbnk.phph nsoh dhnK feZeo dhnK NfjDhnK E'Vk fjbD bZrhnK. fBZeh fBZeh jtk o[we gJh, fi;

ftu frZb/ e'fmnK dh jwe obh j'Jh ;h. xZ[d/ d/ ;[Zy dk ;kj b?AfdnK nkgD/ wzi/ s'A fejk, “b? pJhuzBDk, pdb frnk gfjok, nk p?mk e'Jh Xowh g[oP.”

“nkj' g[Zs HHH”, d{o'A eow f;jz[ dh nzwk p'bh, “XowhnK dh fejVk s'N n? iZr ’u `”“nQk sK e'Jh Xoz{ n? Xoz{ nzwK `” x[Zdk o[wedh g"D d/ p[ZbQ/ b[ZNdk p'fbnk. uzBD dh nZy bZr

ojh ;h. T[jƒ u[Zg fgnk d/y x[Zd/ B/ T[~uh p'b e/ nkfynk, “uzBDk U uzBDk `”“j' HHH”, uzBD ;[Zs^nDhAdk ;h.“BhAd nkT[Adh n? <”“nkj'.”“uzrk c/o, ;"A ik `” x[Zd/ B/ nkg th gk;k gos fbnk.fBZeh fBZeh g"D B/ fit/A ;G/ d[Zy X' fdZs/. g'b/ g'b/ jZEhA fgnko Bkb MZ;dh e[dosh b'ohnK d/

ojh ;h. j"bh j"bh ;ko/ ;"A rJ/. uzB ;oQkD/ pKj d/ e/, gk;/ Gko, BhAd ftu rVz{d j' frnk.nuBu/s G[Zy/ P/o tKr fgzv T[~s/ pZdb x/fonk. nZGV e/ uzBD dh nZy y[bQ rJh. w'N/ w'N/ G{o/

pZdb, uzB ƒ MZc e/ n;wkB T[~s/ c?b oj/ ;B. gsbk fijk x;w?bk jB/ok SkfJnk j'fJnk ;h. uzBDT[~m e/ wzi/ T[~s/ pfj frnk s/ g?oK Bkb i[Zsh N'jD bZrk.

fuZN/ ukBD dh fJe sko fijh s/Ih Bkb uhBhnK d/ u[pko/ T[~s/ boIh s/ nrb/ fSD I'o Bkbfpibh fvZrD dh ’tki nkJh. vo Bkb fBnkD/ o'D s/ e[Zs/ G"AeD br/. okw okw j'D brh. uzBD dhnKu[zfXnkJhnK nZyK nr/ jB/o/ ftu e'Jh ghbh, joh s/ bkb sko ni/ se boI ojh ;h. jtk dk fJefsZyk p[bQk feZeo dhnK NfjDhnK ftu T[bM fojk ;h.

“x/;{ fco ikfJ fJjƒ HHH`” puB'A mmzpo e/ fBZeh e[Vh ƒ fjZe Bkb ;KGdh T[mh, “uzdok pkdfJ g? frnk nZi—\po BQhA feXo'A nk frnk uVQ e/ HHH`” s/ T[j uzBD ƒ f|eo Bkb T[~uh p'bh, “j[Dsz{ p?mk eh ;'ud?A, wzi/ sK EZb/ bkj[D/ g?Dr/ c/o HHH`”

“EZb/ feE/ bkjKr/ j[D HHH.” uzBD d/ jZv d[y oj/ ;B.“j'o eh eo/Ark < d/ydk BQhA, pZdb sK YZe' YZeh yVQ?—T[~m MZN eo `”“wKik j[D fes/ d/yD ƒ pZdb BjhA ;h—xzNk gfjbK.” x[Zdk nkgD/ wzi/ s'A T[~m e/ pfjzdk p'fbnk.jtk EzwQ rJh, pZdb x[bdk iKdk ;h. uhBhJ/, bzpV s/ j'o u[pkfonK tkb/ p{j/ pkohnK y'bh nokw

Bkb u[pkfonK ftu gJ/ ;B. uzBD B/ fJe gb ;'u e/ nkfynk, “fBnkfDnK dhnK wzihnK MfbnkBh,j/m eo fdzB/ nK, sz{ ;hp' Bkb j/m ubh ikj, w?A jkb/ fJE/ Jh HHH.”

17

e'Jh e'Jh eDh MoB br gJh.puB'A f|eo Bkb sV| e/ p'bh, “U s/oh sK wZs wkoh rJh, eh jkb eod?, MfbnkBh j/m ehjƒ

ehjƒ gkfJzrk < sz{ j/m cVk wzi/ `”“BhA uzrk HHH`” T[j nZe e/ Gko/ pzx Bkb T[~uh uhfenk.puB'A s/ ;hp' S/sh S/sh eZgV/ tb/QN s/ fBZe/ fBnkfDnK ƒ ;KG e/ EZb/ ubhnK rJhnK. e?b' s/

fGzdh ikr' whN/ ftu g"Vh d/ vzv/ N'j N'j T[soB br/. T[j nkg T[~s/ jh g?Ad tb doh fJeZmh eoe/xo'V/ N/Yk j' frnk.

eDhnK fvZrh iKdhnK ;B.“nZi BQhA pJh ;"D fdzdk uzBDk `” eDhnK s'A ekDs e/ x[Zdk p'fbnk.“U ;kvh sK i{B Jh wkVh n?—Bk fdB ƒ u?B, Bk oks ƒ BhAd.” uzBD dhnK nZyK ftu o'V

oVe oj/ ;B.“w"iK sK u[pkfonK nkb/ b[ZNd/ B/ HHH`” uhBhnK d/ u[pko/ ftu dht/ dh b'n d/y e/ x[Zd/ B/ Jhoyk

Bkb fejk.“e[dos n? GkJh wkbe dh HHH`” uzBD B/ jT[ek fbnk, “xo dh szrh p[oh—oks fezBh e[ ofjzdh

j'Dh n? x[Zfdnk ni/ <”“pE/oh gJh n? jkb/ `”“fes/ pZdbK eo e/ Jh BQ/ok sK BQhA <”“ekjƒ—nZXh oks bzxh n? w;hA, jkb/ skok th BQhA ufVQnk j'Dk, pZdbK eoe/ fdydk BjhA fJe

sK—s?A uoKdh ikDk j'D?A HHH <”“nkj' HHH.”“c/o fgnk oj[ jkb/—pE/oh v/o n?—xVh ;okw th ukjhd? pzd/ ƒ.”“UJ/ iZN ƒ ;okw feE/ `”“T[j sK s/oh rZb mhe n?.” x[Zdk j[zrkok d/ e/ u[Zg eo frnk.fBZek fBZek ModhnK eDhnK j"bh j"bh j'o fSZdhnK j' rJhnK. x[b/ j'J/ pZdbK EZb/ nV yb'J/ j[zw;

ƒ jtk d/ nkg^j[do/ p[ZfbQnK B/ bho bho eo fdZsk, s/ x[Zd/ s/ uzBD dhnK nkg' ftuh dhnK rZbK fwZm/fwZm/ b'o ftu w[e rJhnK. uzBD dhnk nZyK Gkt/A fwuhnK j'JhnK ;B, go j[D T[jd/ wB ftu BthAX[yX[yh ;h L “fes/ fgnK jh fdB Bk uVQ ikt/ `” T[jB/ ;[Zs/ ;[ZfsnK nkgDk ezB rbh dh ftVe T[s/bk SZfvnk ;h.

eDhnK dh ekDs, jZvK dk Ee/tK s/ x[Zd/ dhnK rZbK s'A ftZ;o e/ T[j wko{nK dh yZsh tZb ubkfrnk, gj[ c[ZN ojh ;h. nkb/ d[nkb/ b'eK dhnK uohnK g[zro e/ Bow Bow jtk ftu ezp ojhnK;B. w'mK, wkjK, r[nko/ s/ wz[rhnK B/ ezB u[e bJ/ ;B. go/, fNZph T[~s/ ihs/ bzpV dk jZb trdk;h. NZbhnK dh fBzwQh fBzwQh ’tki T[~s/ fwoI/ dh ebh T[~uh T[~m ojh ;h HHH

T[j jVpVk e/ T[fmnk. pB/o/ T[~s/ wz{j^jB/o/ ftu, e[ZeV pKrK d/ fojk ;h. rbh ftu'A bzxd/ pbdKdhnK NZbhnK NDe ojhnK ;B s/ gj[ dh b'n, pZdbK fgS'A c[ND jh tkbh ;h.

18

ftjV/ ’u'A pbdK ƒ y'bQ e/ fNZph tb s[odk uzBD p'fbnk, “jkioh d/ e/ ;hp' ƒ S/sh xZb dJhApuB e[o/—ukj osh e?Vh oyhA HHH`” T[jdk p'b gkN/ j'J/ pK; tork ;h.

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

Mzfpnk—wkfonk l jkV—d/;h wjhBk l fpikJhnK—|;b phiDh l tZs—tkj[D bJh fsnkoIwhB l n"V—;"ek l nkED/—Pkw l d'jo—d{ih tkoh l b'o—w;sh l yZsh—fse'Bh Peb tkbk y/s l wyK—w?A fejk l fvQzr—edw l go'e'A—;woZEk l ft;o—G[Zb ikDk l m'Aek—BhAd dk MNek l tZN—rowh l p[bQk—jtk dk M'Aek l fEofenk—v'fbnk l j[zw—j[w; l nebekD—p/jkb l w'xk—jtk bJh SZs ’s/ pfDnk tZvk;[oky l gNw/bh—nk|s, efjo l fsbQe—fc;b ikDk l yD—S'Nk ewok l ekoi—ezw l o[we—jtk dktrDk l s'N—ewh l p[ZbQ/ b[ZNdk—nBzd wkDdk l MZc—YZe b?Dk l boIh—fbPeh l MfbnkBh—po;ksh lekDs—go/PkB l ;okw—nokw l uohnK—xkj gZsh l gj[ dh b'n—sVe;ko l e?Vh—fInkdk gZsh tkbh.

;kfjse fN~gDh

‘;t/o j'D sZe’ ejkDh ftu b/ye B/ fJe oks d/ S'N/ fij/ te|/ d"okB fJe g/Av{ rohp fe;kBgfotko d/ d[ZyK, ePNK s/ ;[gfBnK dk :EkoEe s/ ebkswe fusoB g/P ehsk j?. ejkDh dk;w[Zuk tksktoB g/Av{ ihtB Bkb ;zpzfXs j?. ejkDh ftu wbtJh T[gGkPk dk gq:'r T[Got/A o{g ftuj'fJnk j?.

gqPB

t~v/ gqPB

gqPB 1H ‘;t/o j'D sZe’ ejkDh ftu fe; ;wki s/ tor dh rZb ehsh rJh j? <gqPB 2H ‘;t/o j'D sZe’ ftu fe;kB gfotko dhnK fejVhnK ;wZf;nktK ƒ T[Gkfonk frnk j?<gqPB 3H ejkDh ftu tksktoB gkme d/ wB ’s/ fej' fijk gqGkt gkT[Adk j? <gqPB 4H ejkDh ftubh xNBk gkme d/ wB T[~s/ fejk fijk gqGkt gkT[Adh j? <

S'N/ gqPB

j/m fbyhnK N{eK ƒ gVQ e/ j/mK fdZs/ gqPBK d/ T[~so fdT[ L^tZN Bkb c/o ;kj pzd j'D bZrk ;h, fit/A whAj ed/ tfoQnk jh BjhA j[zdk. phph nsoh d/ ftjV/ftu T[~rh feZeo u[Zg ukg yb'sh ;h. rowh Bkb fiZu j' e/ uzBD e[dos d/ gqpzX fto[X p'fbnk,“e'Jh uzdok gkgh p?m/ gfjo/ T[~s/ nZi sK gZsk BjhA fjbdk.”gqPB 1H T[go'es N{eK fejVh ejkDh ftZu'A bJhnK rJhnK jB < fJ; d/ ejkDheko dk

BK dZ;' <gqPB 2H fJBQK N{eK ftZu ;wK s/ tksktoB fe; o[Zs dk gqGkt gkT[Adk j? <gqPB 3H “e'Jh uzdok gkgh p?m/ gfjo/ T[~s/ nZi sK gZsk BjhA fjbdk.” fJ; ;so dk

GktkoE fby' <

19

b/ye pko/ ikDekoh

iBw L p;h gmkDK, fIbQk gfNnkbk(2H12H1920 s'A cotoh 2010)

feZsk L ;kfjsekohgqekPB L ejkDh ;zrqfj—f;ZfNnK dh SK (1950),

;t/o j'D sZe (1955),;KMh ezX (1958),w/ohnK ;q/PN ejkDhnK (1980),T{Pk G?D ih uZ[g ;B (1991),gZyh (1993),51 ejkDhnK (2002)

;BwkB L Gkosh ;kfjs nekdwh, fdZbh dk ;otT[~u g[o;eko 1996 ftu ‘gZyh’ ejkDh^;zrqfjbJh gqkgs ehsk

20

o'b Bzpowfjzdo f;zx ;oBk

(1923 ^ 2001)

okJ/ pjkdo okw oZyk wb ohNkfJov n?rI?efNt fJzihBhno d/ ;;eko wro'A id'A ;odkojop/b f;zx nkgD/ xo gj[zu/ sK T[j gSkD/ BjhA ;B iKd/. T[BQK dhnK nZyK nzdo X;hnK ;B, T[BQKd/ wZE/ T[~s/ efbZsD ohAr ojh ;h s/ T[BQK d/ fujo/ dk ;w[Zuk gqGkt fgzfink fgzfink ;h. T[BQK d/ i[Z;/dk ;gksh eoVkgB, T[BQK d/ nzrK s/ gZfmnK dh sDkjN N[ZN e/ fBYkb j' rJh ikgdh ;h. xo ngVfdnK;ko T[j fp;so/ ’s/ w{X/ w{zj fvZr gJ/. ;ko/ xo ;ko/ gotko ’s/ jok; Sk frnk.

okJ/ pjkdo okw oZyk wb dh w"s T[BQK bJh J/Bh efjothA ;ZN dk ekoB pD/rh, gotko ftu fe;/ƒ fusû/sk th BjhA ;h. fJj ;Zu j? fe fgSbh T[wo d/ ;Zb pV/ vz{x/ xkU eod/ jB, go okJ/pjkdo Bkb ;odko jop/b f;zx dh fwZsosk sK ed'eDh \sw j' u[Zeh ;h. fe;/ n;{bh wsG/d s/ fJetkoh d't/A fwZso yfjpV gJ/ s/ nfijh fcZe gJh fe tfoQnK^pZXh p'bukb Bk ojh. T[j sK e[Md[BhnKdkoh ekoB s/ e[M ;e{b d/ fdBK dh :koh ;dek ;odko jop/b f;zx okJ/ pjkdo d/ BV'J/ Bkbub/ rJ/ ;B.

tZvh j?okBh sK fJ; rZb dh ;h fe nZi she T[j fIzdrh ftu edh BjhA ;B v'b/. T[BQK dk fdbj'Dh d/ nB/eK t/bfDnK ftu BghfVnk ikD s/ th ;kps s/ Bo'nk ;h. pugB ftu jh T[BQK ƒ wko{;ZbK B/ x/o fbnk. T[BQK d/ wksk fgsk, uku/, skJ/, ;ke^;zpzXh ;G/ gb/r dh fGnzeo G[Zy bJh rokjhnKpD rJ/. ;ko/ \kBdkB ftu'A fJe th Bk pfunk i' fJe fBnk;o/ pZu/ d/ f;o ’s/ fBrkjpkBh dk jZEoydk. s/ id'A T[BQK dk nkgDk B"itkB g[Zso e'fJN/ d/ G[ukb dh G/N j' frnk s/ c/o id'A T[j nkgDhfIzdrh dh ;koh gz{ih, ;koh ikfJdkd d/P dh tzv ftu b[Nk nkJ/ sK th T[BQK dk f;de Bk v'fbnk,T[BQK dh ihtB^bkb;k Bk e[wbkJh s/ T[BQK dh nkswk ftu Gydh ihtB uzfrnkVh ;dk tKr wxdh ojh.s/ nZi fJe G[Zb/ ft;o/ fwZso dh w"s B/ T[BQK ƒ fJzi ueBku{o eo fdZsk ;h..

“w?A pVk phwko jK”, T[j e[obkJ/, “ibdh vkeNo p[bkU. w/ok e'Jh T[gk eo'.”T[gk < T[j fej' fij/ Ppd tos oj/ ;B. ;ko/ gotko d/ fdb w[Zmh ftu nk rJ/. v"o G"o j'J/

;ko/ fJe d{i/ tZb sZe oj/ ;B. gsBh jop/b f;zx ƒ IwhB g?oK j/m vrwrKdh ikgh, fit/A fJe tkohc/o e'fJN/ dk G[ukb nkT[D brk ;h. T[jd/ fbZ;/ wz{j dh fJe fJe M[oh T[xV nkJh s/ fBskDh nktkIftu T[j p'bh,

“j"A;bk eo' ihU. e'Jh vo BjhA. ;s/ \?oK s/ thj oZyK B/ s[jkƒ.”go ;odko jop/b f;zx d/ fujo/ s'A gosZy fd; fojk ;h fe T[E/ fJe th \?o, fJe th oy BjhA

;h. d'jK pkjK ƒ u[Ze e/ cKj eoe/ fp;so/ ’s/ ;[ZNd/ T[j p'b/,“w/ok e'Jh jkb BjhA i/. i' jhbk ubdk i/ eo bt'. c/o BKj efjDk t/b/ f;o BjhA df;nk.”

21

fJe gb bJh ;GBk d/ wz{jK ’s/ p/s[ekgB Sk frnk. T[; fJe gb dh u"fVZsD f;wFN e/ fJefsZyh nko tKr T[BQK d/ fdbK d/ MohNh rJh. ;koh fIzdrh edh dko ih phwko BjhA ;B j'J/. T[BQKdk wZEk BjhA ;h d[fynk, T[BQK dk fgzvk sZsk BjhA ;h j'fJnk. T[j sK phwko ƒ fJe rbsh, fJer[Bkj, fJe pZio gkg frfDnk eod/ ;B s/ phwkoK ƒ ;dk d'PhnK d/ eNfjo/ ftu yVk eod/ ;B.phwkoh dk f\nkb dko ih d/ no'r ;oho Bkb i'VB dk :sB fJe wko{ :sB ;h s/ fJj :sB eofdnKT[BQK d/ nu/s wBK ƒ ikfgnk fit/A ;kok e[M vKtK v'b j' frnk j't/, T[j ewok, T[j |oBhuo, T[jfyVeh, T[j T{d/ cZbK tkbh t/b, T[j r/N e'b T[~frnk uhb dk p[ZYk doZys. fit/A IwhB jh nkgD/X[o/ s'A fy;e rJh j't/.

;odko jop/b f;zx dh ƒj T[geko d/ j;k; fdb ƒ fJe x/oBh nkJh s/ ;kj ;Zs^jhD j[zdh T[jdko ih dh g[nKdh tZb Y/oh j' rJh. c/o fJe n;kXkoB jzGb/ Bkb nkgD/ nkg ƒ ;zGkbdh T[j dkoih d/ g?oK dhnK sbhnK MZ;D bZr gJh.

;odko jop/b f;zx dh g[Zsoh ;sBkw nkgD/ tho/ wBihs tZb t/yh ik ojh ;h s/ T[jdk wz{j fJziy[ZbQk ;h fit/A j[D/ uhe wko dJ/rh. fJe u[Zg nDtZih uhe d/ eVtZbK Bkb T[jd/ p[bQ nN/o/ rJ/ ;B.nuBu/s wBihs d/ fujo/ dk gqGkt sqGfenk s/ T[j vkeNo ƒ |'B eoB d"V frnk.

vkeNo d/ fJe jZE ftu cfVnk p?r s/ d{i/ jZE ftu ;N?E';e'g t/y e/ gfjbh tkoh ;G ƒ :ehBj'fJnk fe dko ih ;Zuw[u phwko ;B. fdwkrK ftu'A X[zd ;k| j[zdh rJh s/ uhIK dh fsZyh m'; B[jkofBZsodh rJh. T[j ewok, T[j coBhuo, T[j r'b fsgkJh s/ r[bdkB ftu fNekJ/̂ Bor; d/ c[Zb, T[jnzrhmh dh o"A; s/ gJ/ bzwhnK bZsK tkb/ fgZsb d/ e[bzr, T[j ;kjwDh ezX s/ bZrk s{ckB ftu fxo/ijkI dk fuZso ;G e[M T[t/A ;h fit/A j'Dk ukjhdk ;h. fJe fSD wkso d/ X[zdb/gB wro'A fIzdrhw[V nkgD/ fsZy/ c'e; ftu nk rJh ;h.

vkeNo B/ Nhek bkfJnk s/ ewo/ ftu'A pkjo fBebdk nkgD/ wz{j s/ i[VhnK fuzsks[o sZeDhnK d/T[~so ftu p'fbnk L

“;ohoe s"o s/ fJBQK ƒ e'Jh phwkoh BjhA. pbZv go/Po Bkowb j?, jkoN mhe mke j?. n;bftu ;kƒ fJBQK ƒ o'rh BjhA ;wMDk ukjhdk. ikgdk j? e[M fuzsktK, e[M vo, e[M s"yb/ fJBQK d/ wBftu eZm/ j' rJ/ jB fiBQK Bkb fJBQK dk Bot; f;;Nw m'efonk frnk j?. fJj Bk\[PhnK s/ fuzsktKeh jB, fJj s[;hA w/o/ Bkb'A uzrk ikDd/ j' s/ w/o/ Bkb'A uzrk T[BQK ƒ bG e/ T[BQK ƒ d{o eo ;ed/j'. s/ i/ ;kv/ ;GBK d/ :sBK Bkb th ;odko ;kfjp mhe Bk j'J/ sK fe;/ wB'̂ ftfrnkBe wkfjodh ;bkj b?Dh gt/rh.”

T[BQK ;GBK d/ wz{j ’s/ j?okBh X{Vh rJh s/ T[BQK dhnK sZeDhnK vkeNo dh fJ; sP\h; s'A ;k|w[Beo ikgdhnK ;B. dko ih ƒ ekjdhnK fuzsktK s/ ekjd/ s"\b/ ;B. ni/ fgSb/ ;kb T[j gzikpn?i{e/PBb ;oft; ftu'A fJz;g?eNo nk| ;e{bI d/ nj[d/ s'A foNkfJo j'J/ ;B. ;koh T[wo fJZIs s/nkokw dh B"eoh ehsh ;h. tkfjr[o{ dk fdZsk ;G e[M ;h. gsBh fdbK dh wfjow s/ owIK p[ZMDtkbh ;h. pZu/ ;ko/ bkfJe s/ nkfrnkeko ;B. tZvk fog[dwB fJe tZvh ;hw?AN |?eNoh ftu uh|we?Bheb fJzihBhno ;h s/ nZi ebQ No/fBzr bJh iowBh frnk j'fJnk ;h. fBZek wBihs gzikp f;tb

22

;oft; ftu ;h s/ nrb/ wjhB/ ;Nk| ekbi ftu gpfbe n?vwfB;Nq/PB dk e'o; eoB j?dokpkd ikfojk ;h. ;sBkw dh wzrDh J/no c'o; d/ fJe n|;o Bkb j'Jh j'Jh ;h s/ nrb/ j|s/ T[jdk ftnkj;h. fog[dwB dh gsBh T[geko torh fwZmp'bh s/ dodD ƒj ;koh d[BhnK ftu BjhA ;h. xo ;tordk Bw{Bk ;h. tkfjr[o{ dh feogk ;h s/ Bk\[PhnK s/ fuzsktK tbrD NZg e/ ni/ xo ftu dk\b BjhA;B j'JhnK.

nkgDh ;Z; dhnK GNedhnK sZeDhnK ƒ cVdh uh;dh j'Jh nktkI ftu T[geko p'bh L“ph ih, fJj sK nZi jh e'Jh rZb j'Jh j? fi; B/ dko ih ƒ T[gokw eo fdZsk j?. w/ok fdb

efjzdk j?. s[;hA g[ZS t/y'. Gbk eh efjzd/ B/.”gsBh jop/b f;zx B/ g[ZfSnk. wBihs s/ ;sBkw B/ g[ZfSnk, go e'Jh Ej[ gsk dkoih B/ Bk fdZsk.

jK, fdbK dh G/sD gsBh dko ih d/ BIoK u[okT[D d/ Yzr s'A J/Bk GKg rJh fe rZb e'Jh Io{o ;hfi; ƒ T[j nkgDh phwkoh d/ Yzv'o/ fgS/ b[ek oj/ ;B. ;Z; dh ;?Ds p[ZMdh j[D T[geko dko ih d/ewo/ ftu rJh. ;odko jop/b f;zx ih ;ko/ gqtko ftu'A ;G s'A tX nkgDh fwZmp'bh ƒj dh wzBd/;B. s/ i/ dko ih d/ fdb dhnK sfjnK co'b e/ T[geko e'Jh rZb BjhA ;h eZY ;edh sK T[j d[BhnKdk tZv/ s'A tZvk wB'̂ ftfrnkBe wkfjo th BjhA ;h eZY ;edk.

pkjo p?fmnK dh T[vhe ;hwK NZg rJh id'A nZX/ xzN/ wro'A T[geko dkoih d/ ewo/ ftu'A fBebh.“e[M df;nk B/ <” fszB p/;po/ fdbK dh T[s;[esk fJe nktkI j' e/ T[geko s/ MgNh.“gsk BjhA fej' fijhnK rZbK eod/ B/.”“eh, efjzd/ eh B/ <” gsBh jop/b f;zx B/ g[ZfSnk.“efjzd/ B/ w/ok o'b Bzpo nk frnk J/.”“o'b Bzpo `”“nkj', efjzd/ B/ d;thA iwks ftu w/ok o'b Bzpo uko ;h.”“Uj', go rZb eh j'Jh <” wBihs B/ T[sktbh nktkI ftu g[ZfSnk.“efjzd/ B/ d;thA ebk; d/ w/o/ iwkshnK ftu'A ;G s'A gfjb/ w"s ;H bfjDk f;zx m/e/dko dh j'Jh.

T[BQK dk o'b Bzpo fJe ;h. c/o bkb x;hNk okw ;p^vth:Bb eboe ub t;/. T[BQK dk o'b Bzpod' ;h”, s/ osk fEVedh j'Jh T[geko efjzdh rJh, “s/ T[BQK d/ MZN jh fgZS'A okJ/ pjkdo okw oZykwb ƒ p[bktk nk frnk. T[BQK dk o'b Bzpo fszB ;h.”

“go T[jd/ Bkb |oe eh g?Adk j? <” j?okBh ftu'A T[GoB dk :sB eodk wBihs p'fbnk.“T[j efjzd/ B/ j[D w/oh tkoh nk rJh j?. w/ok o'b Bzpo uko ;h.”T[j ;G/ ntke ofj rJ/. fJe tkoh fco T[BQK ƒ nkgDk u"frodk vKtKv'b ikfgnk. w[V

fit/A Xosh nkgD/ X[o/ s'A fy;e rJh ;h s/ fIzdrh dh B[jko X[zdbh j' rJh ;h.n\ho Ppd gsBh jop/b f;zx ƒ nj[V/ s/ T[j p'bh, “s/ sz{ T[BQK ƒ ;wMkfJnk BjhA. fit/A sz{

T[BQK ƒ ;wMk ;eBh J/A, j'o e'Jh BjhA ;wMk ;edk.”“w?A sK pVk nkfynk J/ phih”, T[geko o'Djkeh j'Jh j'Jh ;h, “gsk BjhA eh T[BQK d/ fdb

ftu rzY pZM rJh J/. nr'A nfijhnK rZbK eod/ B/ fe HHH”, efjzfdnKêfjzfdnK T[geko dhnK

23

G[ZpK fBeb rJhnK. dkoih Bkb fpskfJnk fgSbk nZXk xzNk T[geko d/ Gkt[e wB s/ pVk eoVkphfsnk ;h.

sK fJj rZb ;h. T[j dkoih i' ;dk ;k| ;'ud/ ;B, ;dk p[ZXh dh goXkBrh s/ neb dh nrtkJhftu ubd/ ;B s/ fiBQK B/ nkgD/ pZfunK, nkgDh gsBh d/ fdwkrK ƒ G?nK GowK dh jB/oh fibQDs'A T[~uk ofynk ;h, nZi nkg fJe fBezw/ s/ ftjb/ tfjw ƒ wB ftu t;k p?m/ ;B s/ fe;/ d/;wMkfJnK BjhA ;B ;wM oj/. gsBh jko rJh. g[Zso s/ Xh jko rJ/. ƒj jko rJh. T[BQK ;Gƒ fJjh nkfynk L

“w?ƒ Bk ebgkU. w?A xVhnK gbK dk gqkj[Dk i/. t/yd/ BjhA w/ok ;oho fwZNh^fwZNh j'Jh iKdkj?. nZyK pzd eodk jK sK ikgdk j? j[D phs frnk fe j[D/ phs frnk. BjhA ukok ubdk s[jkE'A s/Bk ;jh, go w?ƒ szr Bk eo'.”

T[j ikDd/ ;B xo ftu Xh dk ftnkj ;[fXnk j'fJnk ;h. f;nkD/ fpnkD/ j' e/ fJe w{oy tfjwwro br e/ T[BQK nfij/ w"e/ ’s/ ;ko/ gotko bJh Pkws yVh eo fdZsh ;h. ;wM BjhA ;h nkT[Adheh ehsk ikJ/. wBihs dk ih ehsk fe nkgDk f;o ;kjwDh ezX Bkb ik wko/, go nrb/ gb T[;B/ nfijh gkrb joes eoB s'A nkgD/ nkg ƒ j'V fbnk s/ Pfjo d/ gqf;ZX wB'̂ ftfrnkBe wkfjoƒ |'B eoB ubk frnk.

T[j ikDd/ ;B fe wB'̂ ftfrnkBe wkfjo dk e'Jh |kfJdk BjhA ;h, go fco th T[j ;G/ T[jƒpVh shposk Bkb T[vhe oj/ ;B. fe;/ eko d/ o[eD dh nkjN Bkb T[BQK B/ poKv/ ftu'A Mke e/ e'mhd/ r/N tZb t/fynk. osk tv/oh T[wo d/ fJe ;ZiD N?e;h ftu'A T[so oj/ ;B. T[j' ` fJj sK tvGkrf;zx ih ;B, dkoih d/ fwZso i' v/jokd{B ofjzd/ ;B. gsBh jop/b f;zx B/ nZy dh ;?Ds Bkb ;GBKƒ ;wMk fdZsk fe T[j dkoih dh phwkoh dk fIeo ;H tvGkr f;zx ;kjwD/ Bk eoB. T[j BjhA ;hukj[zdh fe e'Jh phwko^g[o;h eoe/ T[BQK dh phwkoh ftu tkXk eo/.

;H tvGkr f;zx ih pVh ekjbh ftu ikgd/ ;B. ;GBK ƒ fwbD wro'A T[j p'b/, “w?A ;N/PB s'AnkfJnk jK. N?e;h pkjo o'e fdZsh j?. fdZbh rZvh pdbDh ;h. ebeZsk w/b ;Zs gzMh s/ iKdh j?.w?A fejk fijVk g"Dk xzNk gb/N|kow ’s/ IkfJnk eoKrk T[j s[jkƒ jh fwb nktK. s/ fJB;g?eNo ;kfjpfeZE/ B/ <”

gzdoQK fwzNK dh fwbDh wro'A id'A ;H tvGkr f;zx ih dkoih d/ ewo/ ftu'A fBeb/ sK T[jfJeZb/ BjhA ;B. T[BQK Bkb dko ih—jK jK nkg dkoih—pKj ftu pKj gkJh jZ;d/ w[;eoKd/ rZbKeod/ pkjo fBeb nkJ/ ;B. pokwd/ ftu nkgD/ gotko ƒ jZek^pZek yV'sk t/y dkoih fJedw rzGhoj[zd/ p'b/ L

“w/o/ ;ko/ iwksh fJe fJe eoe/ ftSVd/ ik oj/ ;B. n?j j[D/ tvGkr f;zx j[oK df;nk j? fe;H ;[yu?B f;zx j[ohA v/jokd{B tkb/ nZi d[gfjo ƒ ubkDk eo rJ/ jB.”

T[geko p'bh, “dkoih T[BQK dk o'b Bzpo <”“T[BQK dk o'b Bzpo HHH”, dko ih B/ T[;/ rzGhosk Bkb T[~so fdZsk, “T[BQK dk o'b Bzpo

;skoQK ;h.”

24

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

i[Z;/—;oho, pdB l j;k;—;zt/dBPhb l ;Zb—I\w l BV'J/—noEh l j'Dh—fi; ƒ Nkfbnk Bkik ;e/ l wko{ ;ZbK—rzGho I\w l fbZ;/—ewI'o l fBskDh—ewI'o l jhbk—t; l u"fVZsD—c?bkU ljzGb/—i'P l s"yb/—go/PkBh l m'efonk—ftrV l X{Vh—c?b ikDk l sP\h;—iKu l tbrD—x/ok lYzv'o/—gquko l ;?Ds p[Mdh—fJPkok ;wMdh l B[jko—fdZy l nj[V/—nkJ/ l G[ZpK—c[ZN c[ZN e/ o'Dk lfibQD—ieVQ l ;[fXnk—s?n l j'V—o'e b?Dk

;kfjse fN~gDh

‘o'b Bzpo’ fJe wB'ftfrnkBe ejkDh j? fi; ftu ejkDheko B/ w[Zy gkso ;odko jop/b f;zxd/ wB nzdo fJe tfjw p?m ikD ekoB T[; dh ;fji ihtB s'o ftu T[gih T[~Eb^g[Eb ƒ pVh pkohehs/ ebkswesk Bkb g/P ehsk j?. T[; d/ wB ftu p?m/ tfjw dk ojZ; ejkDh d/ nzs ftu y[ZbQdk j?ns/ jop/b f;zx nzdo gfjbK tkbh ihtBô"An ftu g?dk j' iKdh j?.

gqPB

t~v/ gqPB

gqPB 1H ;odko jop/b f;zx dk ihtB fej' fijk ;h <gqPB 2H ;odko jop/b f;zx fe; tfjw^Gow dk fPeko j' rJ/ ;B <gqPB 3H ejkDh d/ nzs ftu ;odko jop/b f;zx ƒ e"D fwbD nkT[Adk j? ns/ T[; d/ nkT[D T[~s/

dko ih fet/A mhe j' rJ/ <

S'N/ gqPB

j/m fbyhnK N{eK ƒ gVQ e/ j/mK fdZs/ gqPBK d/ T[~so fdT[ L^“go ;Zu sK fJj j? p/p/ fe jd'A tX fgnko th pj[s wkVk j[zdk j?. T[j th pZu/ ƒftrkVdk j?.”gqPB 1H T[go'es N{eK fejVh ejkDh ftZu'A bJhnK rJhnK jB < fJ; d/ ejkDheko dk BK dZ;'<gqPB 2H fJj Ppd fe; B/, fe; ƒ ej/ jB <gqPB 3H fJBQK N{eK ftZu fejVh ;fEsh dk fpnkB ehsk frnk j?.

b/ye pko/ ikDekoh

iBw L oktbfgzvh, gkfe;skB(25H9H1923 ^ 28H1H2001))

feZsk L fJzvhnB nkfvN n?Av nekT{AN; ;oft; d/ wfjew/ ftu nekT{AN?AN ioBb d/ T[~u/nj[d/ sZe gj[zu e/ foNkfJow?AN j'Jh.

25

gqekPB L ejkDh ;zrqfj ^ gZEo d/ nkdwh (1949),PskBK Goh ;t/o (1951),;[gfBnK dh ;hwk (1958),tzMbh s/ ftbeDh (1959),SthnK dh o[Zs (1961),efbzrk (1968),;z[do xkNh dh ;j[z (1980),;{jk ;kb{, ;{jk r[bkp (1980),ekbk pZdb, e{bh X[Zg (1984),Bt/A :[r dk tko; (1991),n"os JhwkB (1993),w/ohnK u'DthnK ejkDhnK (1993)

;BwkB L ‘n"os JhwkB’ tk;s/ ;kfjs nekdwh, fdZbh tZb'A g[o;eko jk;b ehsk.

26

fszB fdB dk p/JhwkB;ftzdo f;zx T[Zgb

(1924)

s/ n\ho ;oekoh d|so ftu bZr/ nf;;N?AN ;fszdo BkE B/ nkgDk wekB pDkT[D dh ;bkj pDkjh bJh. fdZbh ftu fi; e'b nkgDk nktkikJh dk ;kXB, shthA ns/ wekB BjhA, T[; dh fJZE/ e'JhfIzdrh BjhA. ftuko/ ;fszdo e'b fJe ;kJheb sK j? ;h s/ fszB uko ;kb j'J/ T[; dh o'Nh gekT[Dtkbh th nk rJh ;h s/ i/ e'Jh uhI fJjBK ftu'A T[; e'b nkgDh BjhA ;h sK e/tb wekB s/ wekBB/ jh, ;Zm o[gJ/ wjhBk feokfJnk d/D ekoD, T[; dk eu{wo eZY ;[fNnk ;h. d' ;" rI dk gbkNsK T[; GfbnK tesK ftu gzi o[gJ/ rI d/ fj;kp Bkb \ohfdnk j'fJnk ;h s/ j[D ;oeko tb'A nZmjIko o[gJ/ dk eoIk fwb ikD s/ T[; fszB wjhB/ dh S[ZNh b?, wekB pDkT[D dh ;bkj gZeh eo bJh;h. Gkt/A fJj fJbkek T[; d/ d|so s'A gzi S/ whb d{o ;h, go fJ; s'A fpBk j'o e'Jh T[; e'bukok th BjhA ;h.

\[Ph d/ jo ;wkrw d/ nkozG tKr wekB P[o{ eoB t/b/ th wB[Zy pVk \[P j[zdk j?. nkgD/ T[;od/wekB ƒ sZe^sZe e/ wkbe ƒ bkbhnK uVQdhnK jB. go ;kXkoB nkwdBh tkb/ wB[Zy dhnKwkfJe E[VK gfjbh tkoh wK pDB tkbh shthA dhnK ghVK tKr, fiT[A fiT[A tXdhnK iKdhnK jB,;ko/ d/ ;ko/ ukn \sw j' iKd/ jB. fJj' jkb pkp{ ;fszdo BkE dk th j'fJnk. Gkt/A T[; d/ p?Aeftu d' jIko o[gJ/ j?;B s/ nZm jIko o[fgnk ;oeko s'A eoIk fwb frnk ;h, go wekBtor/ jkEh dk fJjBK o[fgnK Bkb eh pDdk j?. fco fi; d/ P"Ae pV/ T[~u/ s/ thuko pV/ ;[jikswej'D, T[; bJh sK fJj fBr{Dh oew Bkb wekB T[;otkDk pVk emB ezw j[zdk j?. ;fszdo B/ Gkt/A P[o{s'A jh nkgDk jZE fyZu e/ ofynk ;h s/ jo uhI ƒ pDtkT[D s'A gfjbK nkgD/ e'b ofj rJh oewtZb fXnkB eo b?Adk ;h, go fco th o[gJ/ fJzi rkfJp j' oj/ ;B fit/A e'b ikD s/ sbk feBko/p?m/ vZv{.

T[; dh Xow gsBh T{Pk ukj[zdh ;h fe UjBK dk wekB w[jZb/ d/ ;ko/ wekBK s'A uzrk T[;o/. id'Aedh T[j ;fszdo BkE ƒ feXo/ feo; eodk t/ydh sK nky/ fpBK ofj Bk ;edh, “t/y/ Bk gko ;kwQD/;[d/P j'oK dh e'mh fesBh tXhnk pD ojh j? `”

“UjBK dh rZb SZv, T[j sK eJh gkf;nK s'A g?;/ e[sod/ ofjzd/ B/. n;hA xN' xN fJwkBdkosK jK.”

“uNd/ ofjDk fJ; nkgDh fJwkBdkoh ƒ”, s/ p[Vp[V eodh T[j T[;od/ wekB ftu'A pkjofBeb iKdh.

;[d/P T[; dh ;j/bh ;h ns/ ;fszdo BkE d/ d';s fw;No GkNhnk dh xotkbh i' T[;/ ekb'BhftunkgDh e'mh pDk ojh ;h.

27

;fszdo d/ wekB dhnK SZsK g? u[ehnK ;B, gb;so j' u[e/ ;B s/ j[D |oP pM oj/ ;B.i/ e[M ofj frnk ;h sK p; T[gobh Nhg Nkg—dotkfInK ƒ PhP/ brD/, nbwkohnK pDBhnK,rfobK iVtkDhnK nkfd s/ J/j jh uhIK ;B fiBQK dk \ouk ;fszdo ƒ szr eo fojk ;h. g?;kseohpB \sw j' u[Zek ;h fi; ekoB wkfJe^szrh dh vkfJD d{o'A wz{j nZvh nkT[Adh T[; ƒ BIonk ojh ;h. wekB ƒ nZX^guZXk SZvdk th pVh Bw'Ph dh rZb ;h feT[A i' j[D T[BQK ;kohfIzdrh fJ;/ w[jZb/ ftu ofjDk ;h. eokJ/ d/ wekBK tkbh rZb BjhA ;h fe edh e'Jh rtKYh s/edh e'Jh `

;fszdo fJeZbk j'D ekoB ftukok ;kok fdB X[g/ SZsoh b?, iK fw;sohnK d/ f;o T[~s/ yb'skofjzdk s/ iK T[;koh dk ;kwkB fbnkT[D bJh B; GZi eodk ofjzdk. rowhnK d/ eVket/A fdB,fJeZbk ewkT{ ;oho s/ fco seohpB \kbh j' u[ehnK i/pK T[; ƒ pj[s jh xpok d/AdhnK. edhedh sK T[j pj[s T[dk; j' iKdk. jkbs fJj ;h fe T[j sK SZvD ƒ fsnko ;h, go j[D ezpbjh T[; ƒ BjhA ;h SZvdk. ;Zu efjzd/ jB fe ftnkj, wekB s/ w[eZdw/ ftu c; e/ pzdk Bk nZr/dk ofjzdk j? s/ Bk fgZS/ dk. s/ nk\o fiBQK B/ T[; s'A g?;/ b?D/ ;B T[j fesB/ e[M fdB Nkb/ ik;ed/ ;B. fw;soh ;k| nky fdZsk ;h, “pkT{ ih fgSb/ ;ko/ g?;/ u[ekT[ BjhA sK w?ƒ d{ik sohektosDk gJ/rk.” fJZNK tkb/ d/ Gkt/A E'VQ/ jh g?;/ ofjzd/ ;B, go d' uko tkoh NkbD ekoB T[;dh rZb sK T[; ƒ ;[DBh gJh ;h, “i/p ftu g?;/ s/ j[zd/ BjhA s/ b'ehA wekB pDtkD/ P[o{ eofdzd/ B/.”

fe;/ f;nkD/ ;Zu fejk j? fe fe;/ t;s{ d/ w[ZeD s/ T[; dhnK xo'VhnK th nk;ok pD iKdhnKjB. fJj' rZb ;fszdo BkE dh ;h. ;?AeV/ o[gJ/ \ouD tkbk ;fszdo j[D nkB/ d[nkBhnK ƒ pVk ;'u;'u e/ \oudk.

fJe fdB T[; ƒ f\nkb nkfJnk fe vke\kB/ ftu T[; d/ e[M g?;/ gJ/ jB. vke\kB/ dh ekghbZGh rJh fi; ftu gzMh o[gJ/ pekfJnk fby/ gJ/ ;B. e'Jh v/Y d' ;kb s'A T[; vke\kB/ ftu Bke[M iwQK eokfJnk ;h ns/ Bk jh e[M eYtkfJnk ;h. Bkb/ gzMh ofj u[e/ o[fgnK ftu'A nZr/ eYtkT[Ddk ;[nkb jh BjhA ;h T[mdk. wekB P[o{ eotkT[D s'A gfjbK T[; dk r[Ikok uzrk ub fojk ;h. i/edh e[M o[gJ/ b'V g?Ad/ sK p?Ae'A eYk b?Adk i' T[; d/ d|so d/ B/V/ ;h. ;Zu g[S' sK T[; ƒ J/jBKgzMhnK o[fgnK dk nZi she f\nkb jh BjhA ;h edh nkfJnk. p/gotkj ;[Gk j'D ekoD T[; edh gfjbK;'funk jh BjhA ;h fe T[E/ T[; dh fesBh oew pekfJnk j?. go nZi T[; ƒ gzMhnK dh oew thpVh tZvh ikg ojh ;h. ekb'Bh d/ vke\kB/ ftu ik e/ T[; nkgD/ fj;kp dh spdhbh bJh |kow GofdZsk s/ vke\kB/ dh ekgh th iwQk eok nkfJnk.

j|s/ ftu T[j d' tkoh gsk eoB frnk, go ekgh jkbK BjhA ;h w[Vh. j|s/ fgS'A fJ; ƒ ekghfwbh. id'A T[; ekgh y'bQ e/ t/yh sK j?okB ofj frnk. vke\kB/ tkfbnK pekfJnk oew fJe ;"nmkJh o[gJ/ gzikj g?;/ pDk fdZsh ;h. T[; dk fdb ehsk fe vke\kB/ d/ pkT{ ƒ fJj }bsh ;'XDbJh nky/, go fco ;'uD bZrk GrtkB nkg p'jfVnk j?. fJ; ;w/A w?ƒ g?;/ g?;/ dh b'V j?. w//o/ torkp/te{| e"D j't/rk i' nkg G[yk wo fojk j't/ s/ nkJh bePwh ƒ nkg XZe/ d/t/.

28

fesBk fuo T[j T[; ie'seh ftu fgnk fojk, go T[j e'Jh fBPus c?;bk Bk eo ;fenk s/ fpBke[M ej/ vke\kB/ dh ekgh b? e/ xo tb s[o fgnk.

;kok o;sk T[j ;'udk fojk. fJ; fJe ;" nmkJh Bkb fw;soh d/ g?;/ d/ ;eKrk, fJZNK tkb/ d/wz{j T[~s/ th ;Zm o[gJ/ wko ;eKrk. T[j Btkp dk g[Zso th, Gkt/A nkg M[Zr/ ’u'A nZ;h o[gJ/ dk w[BPhjh j?, go T[; fdB fet/A nkeV nkeV e/ rZbK eodk ;h. ub' ;kvk j'o e'Jh BjhA sK GrtkB s/j?. id'A GrtkB d/Adk j?, sK SZs gkV e/ d/Adk j?.

xo gj[zu e/ T[; dk fdb ehsk fe fJj \[P\poh nkgDh Xow gsBh ƒ ;[DkJ/, go fco e[M fMiefrnk. eh fi; nZr/ w?A nZi she nkgDh fdnkBsdkoh dhnK vhArK wkodk fojk jK, nZi T[;/ dhnKBIoK ftu ;" o[gJ/ fgS/ p/JhwkB pD e/ Ibhb j'tK. BjhA, fJj rZb w??A edh th BjhA eoBh. Bkb/T[; ƒ fJj G/d dZ;D dk e'Jh bkG th s/ BjhA.

go E'VQh d/o fgS'A jh wkB;e seVh dk Skpk gbN frnk. T[j ;'uD bZrk JhwkBdkoh s/p/JhwkBh d't/A Bkb' Bkb ubd/ d' o;s/ jB. edw fJXo gkT[Ad/ ofjD Bkb wB[Zy JhwkBdko ofjzdkj?, go fJj edw th T[Xo g? ikD Bkb wB[Zy p/JhwkB pD iKdk j?. w/o/ tork w[ZY s'A fdnkBsdkohd/ dwri/ wkoB tkbk wB[Zy th nZi e/tb ;" fSbVK dh wkw{bh ijh oew bJh Ibhb j'D ƒfsnko j' frnk j?. w/oh Ibkbs dk nzdkIk fJ;/ rZb s'A jh bkfJnk ik ;edk j? fe nZi w?Agfjbh tkoh nkgDh gsBh s'A e'Jh rZb be' e/ oyDk Io{oh ;wMdk jK. fJ; s'A tX w/ok j'oe"D BIdheh j' ;edk j? s/ w?A nkgD/ ;G s'A BIdheh wB[Zy ƒ th fJj rZb BjhA d;Dk ukj[zdk.w/o/ nzdo P?skB nk tfVnk j? i' w?ƒ w/oh gsBh s'A d{o b? ikDk ukj[zdk j?. fJj ;" o[fgnk gkg dhiVQ pD e/ w/oh nkswk o{gh Xosh ftu jw/PK bJh EK pDkT[Dk ukj[zdk j? sK i' fJj w?ƒ joG??Vh rZb eokT[D t/b/ fJj p/JhwkBh u/s/ eok e/ jw/PK jw/PK bJh dp'u ;e/. BjhA BjhA w?A fJzi BjhAj'D fdnKrk.

s/ fco T[j nkgDh Xow gsBh Bkb fJj G/d ;KMk eoB bJh o;'Jh ftu ubk frnk. goT[j o;'Jh ftu BjhA ;h. T[j w[V e/ fco ewo/ ftu nk frnk s/ T[; ;'u x'V/ dhnK tkrK fcoy[bQhnK SZv fdZshnK. go gsBh ƒ d;D Bkb'A sK w?ƒ ukjhdk j? fe vke\kB/ d/ pkT{ ƒ ik e/nkyK. p/JhwkB sK w?A pD u[ek jK. gsBh dhnK BIoK ftu j[D w?A nkgDh fJj p/JhwkB^Bhnsd; e/ JhwkBdko fet/A pD ;edk jK. uko ;kb p/JhwkB Bhns oyD tkbk th p/JhwkB s/ ukoxzN/ tkbk th. i/ w?A ;Zuw[Zu dk JhwkBdko j[zdk sK T[;/ t/b/ jh vke\kB/ d/ pkT{ ƒ ;koh rZbd; fdzdk.

fco T[; vke\kB/ dh ekgh y'bQh ns/ fby/ fj;kp dk n\hobk toek gfVQnk. gzMh o[gJ/ ftu fszBo[gJ/ gzikj Bt/A g?;/ ;{d d/ iwQK eoe/ i'V nmkJh o[gJ/ gzikj Bt/A g?;/ fbyD dh EK rbsh Bkb fJe;" nmkJh o[gJ/ gzikj Bt/A g?;/ fby/ j'J/ ;B. ftuko/ eboe dh jh Bk feXo/ rohpwko j' ikJ/. T[;ƒ sB\kj jh v/Y ;" fwbdh j'Dh j?. i/ T[; dh sB\kj ftu'A fJj ;" o[fgnk efNnk frnk sK ftuko/dk eh jkb j'J/rk. BjhA BjhA w?ƒ fJe eboe Gok dk g/N fJzi ikD p[M e/ BjhA eNDk ukjhdk s/T[; dk fdb ehsk fe j[D/ jh vke\kB/ ubk ikJ/, go xVh tb id'A T[; t/fynk Pkw d/ S/ ti u[e/

29

;B. fJ; ;w/A sK vke\kBk pzd j' u[ek j'Dk j?. Bkb/ nZi sK PfBuotko th j?. pkeh ojh gsBhƒ dZ;D dh rZb, T[; ƒ rZb dZ;Dh mhe BjhA. IBkBhnK dk e[M gsk BjhA. feXo/ nKY r[nKYrZb jh Bk eo d/t/. g?;/ w'V e/ d/D s/ th n?t/A pdBkw j' iktKrk. ebQ n?stko j? s/ go;'A;t/o/ ;t/o/ vke\kB/ ik e/ pkT{ ƒ efj nktKrk.

n?stko ;t/o/ jkbK T[j ikfrnk jh ;h fe ezw pzd ofjD ekoB fesB/ fdBK fgS'A fw;soh B/nk Peb dZ;h. nkT[AfdnK ;ko T[; ntkIk ef;nk, “pkT{ ih, ;kv/ g?f;nK dk e'Jh fJzsIkw j'fJn?fe BjhA.”

;fszdo BkE dk fdb ehsk fe T[m e/ T[; p/;wM s/ ikjb d/ wz{j T[~s/ d' fszB ug/VK iV d/t/fi; ƒ rZb eoB dh th swhI BjhA ;h. go uz{fe T[; fJ; d/ g?;/ d/D/ ;B s/ rZb tXkD ftu nkgDhjh p/fJZIsh ;h, fJ; ekoB T[j ;G r[Z;k gh frnk ns/ pV/ moQzw/ Bkb p'fbnk, “ebQ nk e/ g?;/ b?ikJhA s/ ofjzdk ezw th d' uko fdBK ’u w[ekT[D dh eo.”

“mhe J/, ebQ gfjbh skohy i' j'Jh.” s/ T[j pkT{ ;fszdo BkE T[~s/ ftnzr eo e/ ubk frnk.

;fszdo ;'funk fej' fij/ ikjbK Bkb tkj g? frnk j?. fJjBK d' d' g?;/ d/ pzfdnK dh th fesBhnkeV j?. go T[j wip{o ;h. wodk eh Bk eodk. g?;/ dh xkN dh bknBs T[; ƒ ;G e[M ;fjDbJh wip{o eo ojh ;h.

fw;soh Bkb ehs/ fJeoko B/ T[; ƒ fco vke\kB/ tkbh rZb T[~s/ ;'u ftuko eoB bJh go/fonk.w/ohnK |?b^;{|hnK B/ jh w?ƒ wkfonk j?. w/o/ tork vog'e e"D j'Dk j? fijVk ;" o[fgnk th BjhAguk ;edk. fesBk firok j'Dk j? UjBK b'eK dk fijV/ jIkoK T[~s/ veko wko iKd/ jB s/ rZb dkXz{ se BjhA fBebD fdzd/. ebQ skohy sK Io{o gfjbh j?, go sB\kj ƒ jVg eoB bJh \ou/ nZr/jh wz{j nZvh yb's/ jB. ;Zm o[gJ/ fJZNK tkb/ d/, gzikj o[gJ/ fw;soh d/, ukbQh o[gJ/ o/s/ tkb/ d/,ukbQh o[gJ/ u{B/ tkb/ d/, shj g?Ash d[ekBdko d/ fi; e'b'A ;kok wjhBk T[Xko ykXk j? s/ nZr'A ykDkj?. fJ; soQK ;koh sB\kj \sw.

gsBh d/ nkyD T[~s/ T[j ;pIh b/D fJjBK jh ;'uK ƒ Bkb b? e/ ubk frnk. ;pIh b?D fgS'AGhV GVZek j'D ekoB, d[ekBdko B/ u[ekJ/ Gkn d/ fj;kp Bkb pDd/ g?f;nK Bkb'A d; Bt/A g?;/ xNd;/ ns/ fJ; MNgN g?;/ d/D dh ehsh sK i' T[; ƒ feXo/ nkgDh G[b u/s/ Bk nk ikJ/. d;g?;/ wkoB T[~s/, T[j o;s/ ftu pVk \[P j'fJnk, go fgS'A T[; nkgD/ nkg ƒ bknBs gkT[DhP[o{ eo fdZsh fe w?A fJsBk fro frnk jK fe j[D ;" s'A fvr e/ d;K d;K g?f;nK dh My wkoB bZrfgnk jK. P?skB B/ ;Zuw[u w/oh Iwho T[~s/ epIk eo fbnk j? s/ gsk BjhA fJj w?ƒ fesBk e[M j'oIbhb eo/rk.

gfjbh skoh\ ;k| fd; g?D eo e/, fdB/ Xowh gsBh B/ xo dhnK b'VK tb T[; dk fXnkBfyfunk. w[zv/ bJh e[M mzY/ egV/ s/ p{N b?D/ Io{oh ;B. fJe d' ;{sh ewhIK T[; nkgD/ bJh thb?DhnK ;B, ;eh G?D dk fJ; wjhB/ ftnkj j'D ekoB gzikj ;Zm o[gJ/ T[; Bkb th yVB/ ;B. pkT{;fszdo BkE ;G e[M fXnkB Bkb ;[Ddk fojk s/ Iok Bk T[Gk;fonk. \ou ;ko/ Io{oh ;B ns/ T[Xo

30

wekB tZy eu{wo eZY fojk ;h. T[; ƒ nZi fJ; rZb ftu pVk tIB fd;D bZr fgnk fi; ftu fe;/fejk ;h fe p/te{| wekB pDtKd/ jB ns/ f;nkD/ UjBK ftu feokJ/ T[~s/ ofjzd/ jB. T[; ;'funkj[D i' j't/rk t/fynk ikJ/rk. ikgdk j? vke\kB/ tkfbnK ƒ ;" o[gJ/ dh G[b Bk d;D T[~s/ w?ƒ bkukoehsk ik fojk j?.

;'wtko ;t/o/ T[j d|so e/tb sB\kj b?D frnk. T[; dh S[ZNh jkbK fJe wjhB/ dh j'o j? ;h.tkg;h s/ T[j ;'udk fojk fe fet/A fJ; ;" o[gJ/ ƒ g{oh soQK jIw ehsk ikJ/. T[; ƒ vo ;h fevke\kB/ tkbk pkT{ nk\oh oew T[~s/ BIo ;[NfdnK ;ko rbsh cV bJ/rk. fJ; ftu ;cbsk gqkgseoB bJh T[; ;'funk fe g?;/ eYkD s'A gfjbK sB\kj ftu'A ;" o[fgnk iwQK eok fdZsk ikJ/ sK i'o[gJ/ eYkD t/b/ eboe dh BIo rbs i'V T[~s/ gJ/ jh Bk.

s/ T[; fJ;/ soQK ehsk. iwQK eokT[D t/b/ T[; ƒ e[M vo Io{o ;h fe feXo/ eboe nkgDh G[bt/y jh Bk bJ/, go id'A T[; d' ;" nmkJh o[gJ/ gzikj Bt/A g?;/ i'V eo e/ vke\kB/ dh w'jo bk fJ;ƒ ekgh d/ fdZsh sK fJj nkgDh ehsh ubkeh T[~s/ pj[s \[P j'fJnk.

fdb sK T[; dk eodk ;h fe nkgDh Xow gsBh ƒ nkgDh fJ; ubkeh dk uwseko d;/,go T[j nkgDh IpkBh rZb eo e/ nkgDh jh gsBh nZr/ nkg jh Ibhb BjhA ;h j'Dk ukj[zdk. jKedh edh T[j wfj;{; Io{o eodk fe p/JhwkBh dk fJj Ifjohbk c'Vk T[; ƒ nzdo' nzdo uh;Kd/ fojk ;h.

oks ƒ T[; ;[gB/ t/fynk fe g[b; tkb/ jEeVhnK cVh fe;/ s'A T[; d/ xo dk okj g[ZS oj/ jB.fJj t/y e/ T[j mmzpo frnk s/ T[; dh ikr y[bQ rJh. Bkb d/ wzi/ T[~s/ T[; t/fynk T[; dh JhwkBdkogsBh s/ JhwkBdko g[Zso p/f|eo ;[Zs/ x[okV/ wko oj/ ;B, go T[;o oj/ wekB dk p/JhwkB wkbe,jkbK e/tb ;[gB/ ftu jh t/yh g[b; ekoB g;hB' g;hBk j'fJnk vo Bkb ezp fojk ;h. T[; dk fdbehsk fe gsBh ƒ irk e/ j[D/ jh ;koh dh ;koh rZb d; d/t/ sK i' T[; dh ;t/o she Bhns fcoBk pdb ikJ/. go MN jh T[; nkgD/ wodT{g[D/ T[~s/ bknBs gkJh fe eh w?A fJe |?;bk eo e/ T[;T[~s/ vN/ ofjD dh ;woZEk th BjhA oydk <

;t/o/ ikrD s/ gsBh B/ T[; ƒ df;nk fe w[zv/ dk fgzvk p[\ko ekoD nzrho tKr sg fojk j?.;fszdo c"oB vkeNo ƒ ;ZdD ubk frnk. o;s/ ftu ;'udk frnk fe fJj ;kok g[nkVk T[; ;" o[gJ/B/ jh gkfJnk ikgdk j?. jkbK T[j jokw dk o[fgnk xo nkfJnk BjhA s/ fJj jkbs j? s/ id'A nkikJ/rk sK fco gsk BjhA eh r[b fybkJ/rk. T[; gqD ehsk fe j/ GrtkB sz{ w/o/ pZu/ ƒ okIh eow?A nZi jh vke\kB/ ik e/ fJj NzNk wek nktKrk s/ nr'A s'A nfijh ewhBh rZb edh nkgD/ B/V/ BjhAcNeD fdnKrk.

vkeNo fJzi?ePB eo e/ ubk frnk. ;fszdo dh n;kXkoB xpokjN dk ekoD T[; dh Xow gsBhB/ pZu/ dk p[\ko ;wfMnk.

“w?A fejk ih s[;hA nr/ sK edh fJsB/ BjhA xkpo/, ;r'A w?ƒ j"A;bk fdnk eod/ ;', nZi s[jkƒj' eh frnk J/ <”

31

s/ T[j fpBk itkp fds/ pkjo vke\kB/ tb ubk frnk. vke\kBk y[bQD ftu jkbK d; gzdoKfwzN ofjzd/ ;B, go fJj T[E/ jh yb'sk vke\kB/ d/ pkT{ ƒ T[vhedk fojk. T[; d/ e[o;h T[~s/p?mD ;ko fJ; ekgh T[; d/ nZr/ y'bQ e/ oy fdZsh s/ rbsh tb T[; dk fXnkB fdtkfJnk.pkT{ B/ ;kok e[M uzrh soQK t/y e/ T[; ƒ df;nk fe rbsh j[D BjhA j'Jh, v/Y ;kb gfjbKj'Jh ;h id'A fe;/ pkT{ e'b'A rbsh Bkb T[; dk pekfJnk eZYD t/b/ ;" o[fgnk xN fbfynkfrnk ;h.

;fszdo fJzi wk;{; ehsk fit/A T[; dk p[\ko bE frnk j't/. Gkt/A fJj ;" o[fgnk T[; dk nkgDkjh ;h go T[; wk;{; ehsk fit/A fJ; B/ T[; ƒ fszB fdB sK p/JhwkB pDkJh ofynk ;h.

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

;[jikswe—ebkswe l feo;—ezi{;h l Bw'Ph—Pofwzdrh l xo'VhnK—ofjzd^yz{jd l nkBk—o[gJ/ dk ;'btK fjZ;k l d[nkBh—o[gJ/ dk nZmtK fjZ;k l ie'seh—d[fpZXk l fdnkBsdkoh—;ZukJh,JhwkBdkoh l dwri/ wkoBk—cVQK wkoBhnK l c?b;{chnK—|bk;|hnK dk ftrfVnk o{g

;kfjse fN~gDh

‘fszB fdB dk p/JhwkB’ ejkDh fJe fJj' fij/ fJwkBdko wB[Zy d[nkb/ x[zwdh j? i' Bk ukj[zfdnKj'fJnK th p/JhwkBh dk fPeko j' iKdk j?, f;ZN/ ti'A T[j wkBf;e d[fpXk s/ ghVk ftu'A r[Iodk j?.ejkDheko B/ fJj do;kT[D dh th e'fPP ehsh j? fe nkofEe szrhnK fJwkBdko s'A fJwkBdko pzd/ƒ th p/JhwkB pDB ’s/ wIp{o eo fdzdhnK jB.

gqPB

t~v/ gqPB

gqPB 1H ‘fszB fdB dk p/JhwkB’ ejkDh fe; w[Zy ;wZf;nk Bkb ;zpzXs j? <gqPB 2H ejkDh ftubk BkfJe fe; wkBf;e d[fpXk dk fPeko j? s/ T[; u'A pkjo fet/A

fBebdk j?.gqPB 3H wZXtorh gfotko ftu wB[Zy feBQK nkoEe szrhnK dk fPeko j[zdk j? <

S'N/ gqPB

j/m fbyhnK N{eK ƒ gVQ e/ j/mK fdZs/ gqPBK d/ T[~so fdT[ L^“T[jBK dh rZb SZv, T[j sK eJh gkf;nK s'A g?;/ e[sod/ ofjzd/ B/. n;hA xZN' xZN fJwkBdkosK jK.”gqPB 1H ‘eJh gkf;nK s'A g?;/ e[sod/ ofjzd/ B/’ s'A eh Gkt j? <gqPB 2H fJBQK N{eK ftZu e"D s/ fe; dh fJwkBdkoh dh rZb eo fojk j? <

32

b/ye pko/ ikDekoh

iBw L fgzv Xfwnkb, fIbQk oktbfgzvh, gkfe;skB(8H4H1924)

feZsk L (1) e[M ;wK :{BhnB gpfbe ;oft; efwPB fdZbh ’u fo;ou nkch;o oj/.(2) T[; s'A fgS'A ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkd[o ykb;k ekbi, BthA fdZbh d/ gzikph ftGkr ftu

nfXnkgB ekoi eoB T[gozs foNkfJov j'J/.gqekPB L ejkDh ;zrqfj ^ e[Vh g'm'jko dh (1950),

Yfjzd/ w[Bko/ (1954),Gok GoktK d/ (1956),d[ZX s/ p[ZX (1967),wfjeK (1977),nkgDk d/; gokfJnk d/; (1985),jkbK ph Bk; BjhA j'fJnk (1990),eZuk ozr e[;zG dk (1996),tk;k ;tor dk (2002)

;zgoe L i/̂ 11$26, oki"oh rkovB n?e;N?APB, BthA fdZbh^110027

33

;{bh T[s/ bNe/ gbnihs e"o

(1934);t/o/ id'A T[j ;[Zsh T[mh, sK eo[Dk ƒ ;wM BjhA ;h nk ojh, nZi dk fdB T[j bhƒ Bkb fezi

fpskt/. n?stko ;h. eo[Dk dk wB fp;so/ ftu'A T[~mD T[s/ BjhA ;h eodk. fJe nihp nZX^j'Ph,fJe nihp f;Ebsk T[jd/ nzr nzr T[s/ ekJh tKrz{ izw rJh ;h.

fezBhnK jh oksK j' rJhnK ;B, y[G e/ BhAdo BjhA ;h nkJh T[jƒ. o'I ;t/o/ id'A T[j fp;so/ftu'A T[mdh, T[jƒ brdk whbK d/ whb ;koh oks T[j N[odh ojh ;h. ;ZshA^;t/ohA id'A b'e j"b/ c[bj' e/ ikrd/ jB, T[j wDK^wz{jhA EektN Bkb bZdh j'Jh ikrdh.

s/ nZi oks sK BhAdo T[jƒ T[~ek jh BjhA ;h nkJh gqGks t/b/ e[eV p'bd/ T[jB/ ;[D/ ;B,j"bh fijh T[m e/ T[j bhƒ dh wzih T[~s/ ik e/ b/N rJh ;h s/ T[jƒ ;[Zsh gJh ƒ t/ydh ojh;h. c/o T[jB/ T[jdh S'Nh fijh r'b rbQ Bkb nkgDh rbQ i'Vh s/ gsk BjhA fe; t/b/ T[jdh nZybZr rJh.

;t/o/ ikrh, sK eo[Dk ;'uD brh, nZi dk fdB fe; soQK fpskt/. ;[Zsh oj/ < b/Nh oj/ < iKT[m ikJ/ < pVh d/o T[j T[;/ soQK b/Nh ojh. bhƒ d/ gXo/ nkT[Ad/ iKd/ ;kjK ƒ ;[Ddh ojh. T[jdhB"eokDh B/ id'A row fgnkbk ukj dk fbnk e/ T[jd/ e'b S'N/ w/i T[~s/ oZy fdZsk sK T[j T[m p?mh.

“phph, nki ek pks j'Jh < T[m'rh BjhA <”“e[M BjhA eN'ohnk. p;, ni n?stko Bk HHH.”“nZi n?stko J/, s/ ebQ ;'wtko. s/ ;'wtko ;t/o/ jh HHH.”pZ;, pZ;, pZ; e[M Bk ;'u ` e[M Bk ;'u `” T[jd/ nzdo'A e[M uhfenk.ukj dk eZg \sw eo e/ T[jB/ tkg; w/I T[~s/ oy fdZsk.T[jƒ bZrk T[jd/ f;o ftu fe;/ jB/oh d/ trD dk P'o j?, xZN/ dk }pko j?, d{o'A nkT[Adh j[zeko

s/, p; e[M fd;dk BjhA, e[M ;[Ddk BjhA.nZi n?stko j?, s/ ebQ ;'wtko, ;'wtko ;t/o/ HHHeo[Dk B/ xVh tZb sfenk. ;kY/ nZm ti/ ;B. ebQ d; ti/ s'A wro'A fe;/ t/b/ th HHH fe;/

t/b/ th HHH. jK, s/ n;b ftu ;kY/ gzMh xzN/ jh j'J/ Bk.s/ eo[Dk B/ bhƒ d/ wz{j tZb sfenk. bhƒ dhnK ekbhnK bzwhnK o/Pwh gbeK T[jdhnK r'b rbQK

d/ feBko/ T[~s/ jbeh fijh SK eo ojhnK ;B. T[jd/ tkbK d/ d' fszB x[zro T[jd/ wZE/ T[~s/ gbw nkJ/;B. s/ eo[Dk ƒ fwf;I dhtkB dh rZb :kd nk rJh, “jkJ/ i/ s/oh Xh p; S/ ;Zs ;kb j'o tZvhj[zdh, sK w?A nkgD/ bfbs bJh fJjƒ pj[ pDk e/ b? nkT[Adh. bhƒ p/Nk sz{ ;Zs nZm toQ/ gfjbK feT[ABjhA ;h izwh <”

34

s/ bhƒ Powk e/ nkydh, “gsk BjhA nKNh, fJj s/ w/oh nzwh ƒ gsk J/, d;', nzwh HHH.”gsk BjhA eh ;h, w[;eqkjN ;h, fe e'Jh nZEo{ ;h, fe e'Jh ;kj ;h, fijVk eo[Dk d/

;zx ftu nk e/ nV frnk. eo[Dk B/ fJe \kbh x[ZN Gfonk, ;zx'A j/mK fe;/ uhI ƒ bzxkD dhe'fPP ehsh.

eo[Dk p/̂ fXnkB/ n\pko t/yD brh. ;go{ jkT{; ftu pZfunK dhnK d' uzrhnK f|bwK brhnK;B, “jK, fJj mhe J/ l bhƒ ƒ b? ikBh nK. c/o gsk BjhA HHH.”

eo[Dk B/ bhƒ ƒ T[mkfJnk. fsnko ehsk.bhƒ B/ fejk, “nzwhA, fejVk |oke gktK <”eo[Dk B/ nbwkoh y'bQ fdZsh. bhƒ d/ |oke s/ ;eoNKl pbkT{I j?AroK T[~s/ Nzr/ j'J/ ;B. eo[Dk

d/ nkgD/ egV/, p; E'VQ/ fij/ jh ;B. pkeh ;ko/ bhƒ d/ ;B. eo[Dk B/ fejk, “fijVk s?ƒ g;zdJ/, gk b?.”

bhƒ d/ wz{j T[~s/ fJe jbek fijk goSktK nkfJnk. T[jB/ nkgDh wK d/ wz{j tZb sfenk. eo[Dkd{i/ gk;/ sZeD brhl d' edw UXo j' e/ w/I s'A n?t/A jh e'Jh feskp u[Ze e/ f;ZXh eo e/ oyDbr gJh. fgZS/ j' ojh yNo^gNo s'A T[jB/ nzdkIk bkfJnk fe bhƒ j?Aro s'A e'Jh eZgVk bkj ojh;h. eo[Dk B/ sfenk T[jB/ ekbk PhfPnK tkbk ;eoN bkfjnk ;h, s/ rkVQ/ ghb/ ozr dk j?Avb{w f;bedk pbkT{I.

u[Zgukg eZgV/ jZE ftu cV e/ bhƒ d{i/ ewo/ ftu ubh rJh. e[M fuo s'A T[j eZgV/ eo[Dk d/;kjwD/ BjhA ;h pdbdh. eo[Dk ;'udh bhƒ ƒ th nfj;k; j' fojk J/ fe T[j tZvh j' rJh J/. grbhwK e'b'A th Pow nkT[D br gJh J/ fJ; ƒ, s/ eo[Dk bJh U; gb dh n"y osk xZN rJh.

eo[Dk jkbh U;/ soQK w/I d/ B/V/ u[Zgukg yV''sh ;h, fe bhƒ eZgV/ pdb e/ nk rJh. nZi eo[Dkƒ T[j nZr/ Bkb'A tZvh brh, nr/ Bkb'A bzwh brh.

eN'oh w/I T[~s/ ukj oy rJh ;h. eo[Dk B/ fejk, “bhƒ d' eZg pDk S/sh Bkb. w?A nkT[Bh nK.”T[j fit/A bhƒ s'A nkgD/ wz{j T[~s/ nkJ/ goSkt/A b[ek b?Dk ukj[zdh ;h.

w/I T[~s/ p?mh eo[Dk nkgD/ eZg ftu uwuk fjbk ojh ;h, Gkt/A T[jƒ gsk ;h fe nZXk uwukyzv uo'eDh x[b u[eh j't/rh. bhƒ go"Amk s/ wZyD yk ojh ;h. nukBe eo[Dk ƒ brk fe bhƒ thnkgD/ tb'A g{oh e'fPP eo ojh ;h fe T[jd/ wz{j T[~s/ e'Jh goSktK Bk nkt/.

eo[Dk ƒ brk, fit/A bhƒ e[M fdBK ftu jh tZvh j' rJh j't/, T[jd/ nkgD/ jkD dh j' rJhj't/. d' jkD dhnK e[VhnK, d' jkD dhnK n"osK ;B T[j. s/ fJe p'b ;h, fi; ƒ d't/A BjhA ;Bp'b ojhnK s/ d't/A fJe d{ih dk fdb oyD bJh wk;{w fijh n?efNzr eo ojhnK ;B.

“bhƒ, wZyD j'o b?.”“d/ fdU nzwh”, f;o| nzwh ƒ foMkD bJh jh fit/A T[j wZyD yk ojh ;h.“bhƒ, s/o/ d[X d/ eZg ftu UtbNhB gk fdnK <”“gk fdU nzwhA.”s/ ebQ gsk BjhA HHH eo[Dk B/ nr'A ;'uD'A nkgD/ nkg ƒ g{o/ I'o Bkb tofink.

35

fsnko j' e/ d't/A ;go{ jkT{; gj[zuhnK. eo[Dk jkb d/ jB/o/ dh f|bw dh XzBtkdh ;h, f|bws/ jB/ok T[jBK ;kY/ gzMhnK xzfNnK d/ e[M fjZ;/ ƒ Go oj/ ;B.

f|bw s'A wro'A T[j e[JhBI^t/ rJhnK eo[Dk B/ bhƒ ƒ i?g[o dhnK w'shnK tkbhnK w'NhnK u{VhnKb? fdZshnK. fJe ejkDhnK dh feskp b? fdZsh.

“ykJ/Arh eh, bhƒ <”“e[M BjhA, nzwhA `”go bhƒ B/ id'A fJj efj e/ nkgDh wK d/ wz{j tZb sZfenk, sK T[jd/ wz{j T[~s/ gsk BjhA eh

;h, bhƒ B/ MN fejk,“nzwhA etkfbNh b? ub'Ar/ < vpb ;zv/ yktKr/.”bhƒ B/ vpb ;zv/ fbnk, s/ eo[Dk B/ ek|h dk eZg.fJe n"yh fijh u[Zg N/pb d/ T[~s/, N/pb d/ nkb/ d[nkb/ wzvbKdh ojh. p/̂ wsbp T[j d't/A j'oBK

b'eK tZb s/ J/Xo UXo t/ydhnK ojhnK.Pkw j' ubh ;h. eBkN gb/; dh ufjb gfjb tXdh ik ojh ;h. E'VQk fijk N[o e/ eo[Dk B/

bhƒ e'b'A g[ZfSnk, “j[D xo ubhJ/, fe j'o feXo/ ubhJ/ <”bhƒ B/ osk ;'u e/ fejk, “nzwhA, w?A oiBh ƒ fwb btK <”eo[Dk sqGeh, “fwb btK” HHH sK eh T[jƒ th vo ;h, fe fes/ HHH fes/ HHHnkgD/ nkg ƒ eo[Dk B/ ;zGkfbnk, “jK jK Io{o ` j[D/ ubB/ nK.”oiBh id'A bhƒ ƒ nkgD/ ewo/ ftu b? rJh, sK oiBh dh wK B/ pVh okIdkoh Bkb eo[Dk d/

e'b ;'|/ T[~s/ pfj e/ g[ZfSnk, “w?A ;[fDnk J/ fe HHH.”eo[Dk ƒ J/; soQK dh okIdkoh dh, J/; soQK dh jwdodh Bkb fuVQ ;h. T[jƒ fe;/ nr/ nkgDk

d[y c'b e/ pfj ikDk fe;/ fGykoh dk okj iKfdnK ;kjwD/ nkgD/ e'jV tkb/ nzr dk ftykbk gkDd/ s[Zb ;h.

T[jdk ihn ehsk, T[j UE'A T[~m ikJ/. go fJj j' BjhA ;h ;edk. ;' T[jB/ MNgN oiBh dhwK dh rZb eZN e/ fejk, “jK, ebQ |?;bk j'J/rk.”

“sohe J/ ebQ <” oiBh dh wK rZb ƒ fJzi P[o{ j'D s'A gfjbK jh \sw BjhA ;heoBk ukj[zdh.

“jK, ebQ”, eo[Dk B/ e[M fJzi fejk fe oiBh dh wK ƒ nr'A e[M g[ZSD dh fjzws Bk gJh.jB/ok j' fojk ;h. mzY tX ojh ;h. eo[Dk B/ bhƒ ƒ tki wko e/ p[bkfJnk s/ fejk, “p/Nk,

tkg; ubhJ/ j[D <”“jK nzwhA, w?A s/ EZe th rJh nK”, bhƒ ƒ fit/A nukBe nkgDh EektN wfj;{; j'Jh.xo gj[zufdnK se oks j' rJh.eN'oh B/ g[ZfSnk, “o'Nh pBk dJhB phph <”“sz{ stk u[bQ/ ’s/ oZy eN'ohnk, w?A n"Bh nK.”s/ eo[Dk B/ nkg c[be/ pDkJ/, Bow, r'b |[b/ j'J/. wZyD Bkb u'gV/. c[be/ pDkfdnK T[jd/ nzdo

36

gsk BjhA eh wo'fVnk ik fojk ;h, fit/A id'A T[j S'Nh fijh ;h sK T[jd/ fgsk ih feZeo dh skIhdksD d/ d' N[eV/ eoB bfrnK T[jƒ wo'V wo'V e/ s'Vd/ j[zd/ ;B.

o'Nh ykD wro'A bhƒ u[Zgukg nkgDh oIkJh ftu tV rJh.u[Zg fJe Gkoh f;b ;h, fJe tZvh ;koh uNkB ;h, fi; dk Gko fit/A ;ko/ dk ;kok eo[Dk dh

Sksh s/ fgnk j'fJnk ;h.“bhƒ p/Nk, sz{ jZEK T[~s/ eohw bk bJh J/ <” eo[Dk B/ fit/A T[j uNkB ƒ s'VB dh e'fPP ehsh.“Uj', nzwhA, T[j s/ w?A G[Zb jh rJh”, bhƒ B/ fJedw oIkJh ftu'A T[mfdnK fejk, fit/A ;G s'A

Io{oh ezw fJj' ;h, fijVk T[j G[Zb rJh ;h.“mfjo ik, w?A d/Bh nK”, eo[Dk B/ nbwkoh ftu'A eohw eZY e/ bhƒ ƒ cVkJh. T[j fit/A J/;

:kd nkJ/ ezw dh P[eor[Iko ;h, fi; B/ gbK d/ sDkU ƒ osk xNkfJnk ;h.eohw bk e/ bhƒ b/N rJh, s/ T[jB/ nZyK whN bJhnK.eo[Dk B/ pZsh p[Mk fdZsh s/ b/N rJh.gsk BjhA fezBk fuo r[Io frnk.Bkb d/ ewo/ ftu N?bh|'B dh xzNh tZih.“j?b'”, eo[Dk B/ fo;hto u[Zfenk.“j?b', eo[Dk eh eo ojh ;?A <”“Uj, s'Ph ` e[M BjhA, p; n?t/A b/Nh ;K.”“w?A PkwhA th s?ƒ fozr ehsk ;h, sz{ xo BjhA ;?A <”“jK w?A s/ bhƒ Iok rJhnK ;K pkjo.”“bhƒ feE/ t/ <”“;"A rJh J/.”“jZSk, p;. w?A n?t/A ;'funk, g[ZSK HHH fe HHH fe eh gJh eoBh J/A.”“U, s'Ph `” eo[Dk dh ihn ehsk, s'Ph T[jd/ Bkb fJj n?efNzr Bk eo/. s'Ph T[jdh pVh

;B/j tkbh, pVh vz{xh d';s ;h.“eo[Dk w?A E'V/ fuo bJh nk iktK <” s'Ph fit/A sobk eo ojh ;h.“nk ik”, eo[Dk B/ osk o[e e/ fejk. jo sebh| t/b/ T[jƒ fpbe[b fJeZfbnK ofjDk g;zd ;h,

go s'Ph dh rZb j'o ;h.e[M fuo wro'A s'Ph nk rJh.“fejd/ Bkb nkJh J/A <” eo[Dk B/ g[ZfSnk.“vokJhto nkfJnk J/. rZvh yVh J/ EZb/.”d't/A u[Zg ukg p?mhnK ojhnK.“ek|h dk eZg ghJ/Arh <” eo[Dk B/ g[ZfSnk.“e'Jh b'V BjhA fJ; t/b/”, s'Ph d/ ;zx ftu e[M nNe fojk ;h.“pJh fJe row row eZg T[~s/ w/ok fdb eo fojk J/”, eo[Dk B/ f;o| e[M eoB bJh fejk.

37

“uzrk mhe J/.”eo[Dk B/ fpibh dh e/sbh bJh s/ U;/ ewo/ ftu jh T[jdk gbZr bk fdZsk s/ nk e/ dhtkB s/

pfj rJh.s'Ph B/ fJe gb eo[Dk tb sZfenk. fco T[j d{i/ gk;/ sZeD brh. fJj' fij/ t/b/ e'Jh fe;/ ƒ

eh nky/ < T[jB/ fJe vz{xk ;kj Gfonk s/ c/o T[jƒ j"bh j"bh pkjo eYD brh—sK i' eo[Dk T[;;kj dh nktkI Bk ;[D bt/.

U; n"yh s/ Gkoh u[Zg ftu d'jK ƒ e/sbh ftu e[Bw[BKd/ gkDh dh ntkI ;[DkJh d/D bZr gJh;h. eo[Dk ƒ gsk ;h, jkbhA gkDh T[pfbnk BjhA. c/o th T[jB/ T[m e/ e/sbh dk YeD bkj e/ T[jd/nzdo Mkfenk. e/sbh d/ gkf;nK Bkb gkDh dhnK fBZehnK fBZehnK r'bhnK w'shnK d/ dkfDnK tKrz{go'shnK ik ojhnK ;B. eo[Dk B/ YZeD c/o oy fdZsk.

“mzv ftu row ek|h dk fgnkbk th fezBh y[Ph d/Adk J/”, eo[Dk B/ fejk.“w/ok th ihn eo fojk J/ j[D s/”, s'Ph B/ fejk, Gkt/A ek|h dh T[[jƒ T[~eh b'V BjhA ;h.eo[Dk o;'Jh ftu'A eZg b?D rJh. s'Ph th T[jd/ wro/ wro nk rJh.ek|h fsnko j' rJh. u[Zgukg nkgDk nkgDk eZg cV e/ d't/A ghD bZrhnK.“eo[Dk e'Jh rZb eo”, s'Ph fit/A T[j u[Zg s'A xpok T[mh ;h.nukBe eo[Dk dhnK nZyK Go nkJhnK. U; gb ftu gsk BjhA fezi T[jdk em'o Ips y[o

frnk ;h.eo[Dk d/ jZE boI oj/ ;B. fgnkbk T[jB/ w/I T[~s/ oy fdZsk. s'Ph B/ jZE tXk e/ eo[Dk dhnK

T[ArbK ƒ S[fjnk, s/ g'bh fijh T[jBK ƒ EkgV fdZsk.s'Ph T[~m e/ pkjo rJh. eko ;NkoN j'D dh ntkI nkJh. tkg; nk e/ s'Ph B/ fejk, “w?A

vokJhto d/ jZE ;[B/jk G/i fdZsk J/, fe okshA w?A J/E/ jh ojKrh.”eo[Dk ƒ J/; rZb Bkb Bk s;Zbh j'Jh, Bk T[bMD j'Jh. pZ;, u[Zgukg T[j p?mh ojh. M'bh ftu

gJ/ nkgD/ d'jK jZEK ƒ ykw'P sZedh ojh.s'Ph B/ T[jdk eZg u[Ze e/ T[jƒ cVk fdZsk. nkgDk eZg u[e e/ T[j ek|h d/ fBZe/ fBZe/ x[ZN

GoB brh.w?A J/;/ xVh s'A, fJjBK jh gbK s'A, J/B/ toQ/ sqfjzdh ojh jK. J/;/ xVh s'A vofdnK w?A s/oK toQ/

U; xo ftu eN/, fiE/ w?A jo o'I wodh ojh, jo o'I wodh ojh”, eo[Dk fit/A pj[sh nkgD/ nkgBkb s/ E'Vh s'Ph Bkb rZb eo ojh ;h.

s'Ph u[Zg ;h.“id'A th ed/ T[; xo dhnK dbQhiK s'A pkjo ikD dk f\nkb nkfJnk, bhƒ dk wz{j w/o/ nr/

nk yb'sk. J/;/ xVh s'A vofdnK w/o/ g?o pZM iKd/ oj/.”“t/y eo[Dk, fJe tko fjzws eoe/ sz{ fJe edw u[fenk J/. j[D ihn S'Nk Bk eo.”“BjhA, s'Ph fdb s/ w?A fpbe[b gZek ehsk j'fJnk J/”, go T[jd/ nzdo e[M so[zfvnk ik

fojk ;h.

38

T[~m e/ T[jB/ e/sbh ftu j'o gkDh gk fdZsk s/ c/o gbZr bk fdZsk. T[mD pfjD BkbT[jB/ nkgD/ nkg ƒ ;zGkbD dh e'fPP ehsh, fybod/ iKd/ fynkbK ƒ fJeZfmnK eoB dhe'fPP ehsh.

“tehb ƒ fwbh ;?A <”“BjhA, ebQ fwbh ;K.”“e[M nkydk ;h <”“Ujh rZb fe pZuk wK iK fgU ftu'A fe; ƒ fdZsk ikJ/, fJ; pko/ iZi dh woIh j?—fit/A T[j

mhe ;wM/.”“ijBw ftu ikJ/ fJj ekƒB. wK dk pZu/ T[~s/ jZe BjhA < izw/A wK, gkb/ wK, I|o ikb/

wK—”, s'Ph M[zibk ojh ;h.s/ eo[Dk ƒ ;ko/ I|o ikb/ j'J/ :kd nk oj/ ;B. fezi bhƒ ƒ T[jB/ gkfbnk ;h, fezi wK s/

fgU d'tK dk fgnko T[j fJeZbh jh T[jƒ d/Adh ojh ;h, fezi nkBzd d/ fdb ftu nkgDh pZuh bJhosk w'j BjhA. P/o uhs/ th nkgD/ pZfunK Bkb w'j eod/ B/ T[jBK dh okyh eod/ B/, go fJj nkBzd;h fe HHH

“J/; nkBzd ƒ th szr eoB dk p;, fJj' sohek bfGnk YkJhnK tfoQnK ftu w;K w;K sz{fJj xo pDkfJnk ;h. bhƒ th f;nkDh j' rJh J/. J/B/ ;kbK wro'A osk s?ƒ u?B fwfbnk ;h.s/ j[D ;{ noIh eo fdZsh, pJh pZu/ w?ƒ ;"Agh ikJ/. e'Jh g[ZS/, sz{ T[jƒ fgnko BjhA eoBk,T[jƒ gkbDk BjhA, T[jd/ T[~s/ \ou BjhA eoBk < fJj noIh f;o| d[y d/D tk;s/ HHH j'oeh HHH.” eo[Dk d/ wz{j tb sZe sZe e/ s'Ph ƒ nkBzd T[~s/ j'o r[Z;k nk fojk ;h, j'o M[zibkjNj' ojh ;h.

e/sbh ftu gkDh d/ rVQeD dk yVke nk fojk ;h. eo[Dk B/ T[~m e/ d' eZg j'o pDk bJ/. nkgDkeZg w/I T[~s/ oy e/ T[j nzdo ubh rJh. s'Ph B/ T[~m e/ osk e[ d{i/ ewo/ ftu Mkfenk. eo[Dkbhƒ T[~s/ oIkJh d/ ojh ;h. s'Ph MNgN tkg; nk e/ ;'|/ T[~s/ pfj rJh.

eo[Dk tkg; nkJh, s/ T[jd/ wz{j T[~s/ nD^tZr/ nZEo{nK dk J/Bk fyukU ;h fe T[jdhnK rbQKcoe ojhnK ;B. dhtkB T[~s/ pfjzfdnK jh T[jB/ d'tK jZEK Bkb wz{j b[ek fbnk s/ cce cce e/ o'Dbrh. s'Ph th nk e/ dhtkB T[~s/ pfj rJh. u[Zgukg T[jB/ eo[Dk d/ ezpd/ w'fYnK d[nkb/ nkgDh pKjtbk bJh.

“;'uBh nK HHH i/ HHH iZi B/ bhƒ nkBzd ƒ jh d/ fdZsh HHH s/ T[j bhƒ b? rJ/ HHH sK oksh HHHokshA fJjd/ T[~s/ oIkJh e"D fdnk eo/rk <”

s'Ph dk ihn ehsk, fes/ b[e e/ o'J/. T[jd/ ;zx ftu e[M ;[br fojk ;h.eo[Dk B/ nkgD/ nkg ƒ ;zGkfbnk.“jSk s'P sz{ J/E/ dhtkB T[~s/ ;"A ikJ/Arh Bk <” jkbK fe eo[Dk ƒ gsk ;h fe id'A s'Ph okshA

T[jd/ e'b ofjzdh ;h, dhtkB T[~s/ jh ;"Adh j[zdh ;h.s'Ph B/ f;o fjbk e/ jK eo fdZsh.

39

eo[Dk nzdo'A fJe fuZNh ukdo b? nkJh. fJe oIkJh b? nkJh. nkgDk BkJhN ;{N T[jB/ s'Ph ƒd/ fdZsk, s/ \kbh eZg No/n ftu oy o;'Jh ftu b? rJh.

pZsh p[Mk e/ T[j nkgD/ wzi/ T[~s/ b/N rJh.eo[Dk ƒ fJj ;wM BjhA ;h nk ojh, fe T[j eh ukjz[dh ;h—fJj oks J/Bh bzwh j' ikJ/ fe w[Ze/ jh Bk, iK MNgN w[Ze ikJ/, ;t/o j' ikJ/, |?;bk j'

ikJ/, s/ fJj x[ND \sw j' ikJ/. T[j e[M th BjhA ;h ukj ojh. T[j e[M th BjhA ;h T[vhe ojh.T[j e[M th BjhA ;h ;'u ojh.

oks ek|h r[Io rJh ;h. eo[Dk T[~mh s/ u[Zgukg bhƒ d/ Bkb b/N rJh. bhƒ dh rbQ T[~s/ T[jB/j"bh fij/ nkgD/ p[bQ oZy fdZs/.

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

;fEbsk—;[;sh l y[ZG—XZ; ikDk l yzv—uhBh l uo'eDh—pj[s gfjbK l jkD dhnK—pokpoT[wo l foMkD—\[P eoB l wzvbKdh—x[zwdh fcodh l okIdkoh—G/d Go/ l ftykbk—fdyktk eoBk lf;Zb—tZvk gZEo l e[Bw[BKd/—T[~pbd/ l T[~eh—fpbe[b l y[o—fgxb ikDk l boI—ezpDk l so[zfvnk—wo'fVnk, fyZfunk l M[zibk—SNgNkT[Dk l I|o ikb/—ePN ;fjDk

;kfjse fN~gDh

‘;{bh T[~s/ bNe/ gb’ ejkDh nkofEe s"o ’s/ ;zgzB nkX[fBe n"os tb'A nkgDh ;t?̂ gfjukDs/ jZeK bJh bVh ik ojh bVkJh ƒ g/P eodh j?. Bt/A d"o dh fJj n"os jwdodh dk gksopDB dh pikJ/ nkgDhnK ;kohnK PeshnK ;w/s wod gqXkB ;wkfie edoKêhwsK dk fto'Xeodh j?.

gqPB

t~v/ gqPB

gqPB 1H ‘;{bh T[~s/ bNe/ gb’ ejkDh fe; ;wZf;nk ƒ g/P eodh j? <gqPB 2H s'Ph e"D j? < T[; dh ns/ eo[Dk dh nkg;h rZbpks dk w{b ftPk eh ;h <gqPB 3H eo[Dk ƒ fe; wkBf;e ;zeN ’u bzxDk g? fojk j? s/ feT[A <

S'N/ gqPB

j/m fbyhnK N{eK ƒ gVQ e/ fdZs/ gqPBK d/ T[~so fdT[ L^“ijBw ftu ikJ/ fJj ekƒB. wK dk pZu/ T[~s/ jZe BjhA < izw/ wK, gkb/ wK, I|o ikb/ wK^.”gqPB 1H fJj N{eK fe; dh s/ fejVh ejkDh ftZu'A bJhnK jB <gqPB 2H fJBQK ftu s'Ph fejV/ ekƒB dh rZb eo ojh j? s/ feT[A <gqPB 3H ‘I|o ikb/’ Ppd dk noE fby'.

40

b/ye pko/ ikDekoh

iBw L 1934, gkfe;skBfeZsk L gZsoekohgqekPB L ejkDh ;zrqfj ^ r[bpkB' (1963),

p[s fPeB (1966),wfje dh w"s (1966),ckbs{ n"os (1974),w"s nbh pkp/ dh (1985),;KthnK fuVhnK (1981)Bk wko' (1990),izrb (1995),Btzpo u[ok;h (1996),

;BwkB L ;t?ihtBh ‘ykBkpd'P’ T[s/ ;kfjs nekdwh, fdZbh tb'A g[o;eko gqkgs ehsk.;zgoe L ne?vwh nk| |kJhB nkoN; n?Av fbNo/uo, 4^6, f;oh c'oN fJz;NhfuT{PB J/ohnk,

BthA fdZbh^110049

41

fw~; ;"|Nr[bIko f;zx ;zX{

(1935)

T[; dk n;b BK e[M j'o ;h, go ;ko/ T[; ƒ fwZ; ;"|N jh efjzd/ ;B. fgSb/ s'A fgSb/ ;kb,iK PkfJd T[; s'A th fgSb/ ;kb T[j gpfbe j?~bE dk e'o; eoB nwohek rJh ;h s/ T[E/ fJe tkohrZbK rZbK ftu T[j nkgD/ r's dk nzro/Ih nB[tkd dZ; p?mh ;h. fi; s'A T[; ƒ ;ko/ fwZ; ;"|N efjDbr gJ/ ;B. ;"|N fejV/ gzikph r's dk nB[tkd ;h w?ƒ u/sk BjhA nk fojk. gsk BjhA ;'psh ;hiK ;'jb iK e[M j'o. T[; fJe tko dZf;nk sK ;h. ub' BK s'A nkgK B/ eh b?Dk j? < BK ftu ehfgnk j? <

BK ftu feT[A e[M BjhA j[zdk < i/ T[; dk BK ;N'B iK ;Nhb j[zdk sK T[j ;"|N fet/A ofj ;edh;h < fezBh ;"|N ;h T[j. s/ fezBh ;'jDh.

fwZ; ;"|N dk BK e[M j'o BjhA ;h j' ;edk. i/ j[zdk sK T[j Bk jh J/Bh ;bhe/ tkbh j[zdh s/Bk jh T[; d/ ewo/ ftu uhIK dh soshp J/Bh ;'jDh. pkjob/ d/P s'A fbnKdh ;bhp T[; B/ nzrhmhs'A fJe c[ZN dh EK v/Y c[ZN s/ bNekJh j[zdh. ;bhp ƒ bNekT[D tkbh w/y fejVk ;oeko B/ brtke/ fdZsh ;h. w/y rZvD ;w/A T[; dh BIo u[Ze iKdh sK ;fji/ jh fJe c[ZN s'A ;{s Go ;Zi/̂ yZp/ j';edh ;h s/ J/B/ Bkb jh T[; dk BK fwZ; ;"|N BjhA ;h ofjDk.

w/y s/ ;bhp dh rZb ƒ SZv th d/JhJ/ T[; d/ ewo/ ftu gJhnK uhIK dh soshp ftu e'Jh j'ojh ftxB g? ;edk ;h. tkN 69 dh p'sb ftu wBhgbKN T[rD dh EK b?Ag P/v m[Ze ;edk ;h. fbg;fNedhnK PhPhnK vo?f;zr N/pb d/ fse'B/ PhP/ T[~s/ ;Zi/ dh EK yZp/ e'B/ T[~s/ j' ;edhnK ;B. fwzBhcfoZI ukogkJh dh EK j' ;edk ;h s/ ukogkJh cfoZI dh EK. j'o sK j'o bZeVh dk fBZek fijk e[ZskfijVk feskpK d/ o?e e'b wz{j ftu ;ioh vke bJh u[Zg ukg yVk j?, vo?f;zr N/pb T[~s/ uVQ ;edk;h. T[E/ T[; dk wz{j gob/ gk;/ ƒ j[zdk sK o[f;nk j'fJnk vkehnk brDk ;h s/ T[ob/ gk;/ ƒ j[zdksK G"AeD tkbk rbh dk e[Zsk. T[; d/ f;o d/ tkb w'fYnK sZe eZN/ j'J/ j'D dh EK w[zfvnK d/ SZfsnKtKr j[zd/, ;kVQh dh EK g?AN gfjBh j[zdh s/ g?oK ftu pzd r[orkph dh EK ugbh.

fJE'A sZe fe T[; d/ T[gob/ pZ[bQ T[~s/ fijV/ e'b' e'b d' fsb ;B T[j fszB th j' ;ed/ ;B s/fJe th ofj ;edk ;h. j'o sK j'o i/ T[; dk BK fJj Bk j[zdk sK T[j ;kv/ B/th d/ j;gskb ftuvkfJNhPhnB pDB dh EK :{og ftu izw e/ s/ fjZgD pD e/ ;kv/ d/P ftu fi;w fYZbk SZv e/ pktohnKtkb/ r'o/ Bkb yVZg yVZg g?o Xodh s[oh fcodh. T[; dk e[M th ftrV ;edk ;h. T[j ezfBnK e[nkohofjD dh EK Pkdh P[dk j' ;edh ;h. T[j fwZ; ;"|N s'A fwf;I ;N'B j' ;edh ;h. ;"|N BK B/fit/A T[; ƒ jo soQK dh eo{gsk s'A o'eh ofynk ;h.

gfjb/ jh fdB fwZ; ;"|N e'bkpk dh ;w[zdo ezY/ pDh fJ; pj[̂ wzIbh fJwkos ftu

42

nkgDk ewok t/yD nkJh ;h sK nZXh s'A tX t;'A dhnK BIoK T[Xo jh br rJhnK ;B.r'b w'b eZS{ torh |ke; t?rB rZvh ftu'A g?oK se ;?fBe todh gfjBhA fwZ; ;"|N pV/ ;fji

Bkb T[soh ;h. BthA t;'A ftu dk\b j'D tkbh Bk jh T[; ƒ e'Jh T[s;[esk ;h s/ Bk jh nuzGk.vokJhto nZr/̂ nZr/ s/ fwZ; ;"|N fgZS/̂ fgZS/. d;K fwzNK ftu T[j fb|N okjhA uVQ e/, ewok t/y e/fb|N okjhA T[so e/ T[;/ fwzBh eko ftu pfj e/ tkg; th ubh rJh ;h.

o[edh th feT[A T[j sK EK t/yD nkJh ;h. ewok sK T[; B/ nkgD/ Yzr Bkb ;ik jh b?Dk ;hfej' fijk th j[zdk. T[Ai th ewo/ d/ tkXo/ ftu'A ;w[zdo dk BIkok nkw ftykJh fdzdk ;h—ijkIK d/Mzv/ th.

g/P/ ti'A fwZ; ;"|N nZXh vkeNo ;h. vkeNo wohI ƒ sZed/ ns/ T[; dh \[oke dk nzdkIk bkT[DbJh vkJhNhPhnB fwZ; ƒ ;"Ag fdzd/. fwZ; ;"|N B/ wohI dh gb gb dh \[oke dk fj;kp bk e/T[; ƒ ;wMkT[Dk j[zdk j?. e/b/ ftu fezBhnk eb'ohnK jB s/ nzp iK nzr{o ftu fezBhnK. fejVk cbfejVh woI bJh bkGdkfJe j? s/ fejVh bJh jkBhekoe. gsb/ s'A w'N/ fet/A j'Jhdk j? s/ w'N/ s'Agsb/ fet/A. T[; ƒ fJj th gsk ;h fejVh \[oke fi;w d/ fejV/ fjZ;/ T[~s/ fej' fijk n;o eodhj?. T[; B/ nkgDk fi;w fJjBK \[okeK nB[;ko f;XkfJnk j'fJnk ;h.

;t/o/ Pkw id'A T[; d/ ikD nkT[D dk t/bk j[zdk sK w/oh xotkbh T[; ƒ t/yD bJh pkjo toKv/ftu yVh j' iKdh. T[; ƒ T[; dh todh s/ fBob/g P\;hns pVh gqGkts eodh. S[ZNh t/b/ id'A edhth w/oh xotkbh T[; ƒ eko ftu'A T[sodh ƒ sZe b?Adh sK g"VhnK d/ e'b ik yVh j[zdh.

n;hA gfjbh wzIb T[~s/ ofjzd/ ;K s/ T[j shih T[~s/. Pkw t/b/ T[j ne;o fb|N dh tos'A BjhA;h eodh. PkfJd f;js uzrh oyD bJh. w/oh xotkbh e'b'A bzxdh T[j E'VQk fijk w[;eok fdzdh s/J/B/ ftu jh w/oh xotkbh dk ihtB ;|bk j' iKdk.

J/Bh e[ w[;eokjN w?A T[; d/ fujo/ T[~s/ ;dk jh sZeh ;h. gsk BjhA T[; B/ fezB/ b'eK dk ihtB;|bk ehsk ;h. i/ j'o g[ZSd/ j' sK T[j fJ; s'A tX w[;eoKdh th BjhA ;h. ;kvh p?oe ftu ofjDtkb/ fJe fJzihBhno dh pj[s w'Nh gsBh fJe tkoh po;ksh u{j/ ƒ sZe e/ fvZr gJh ;h. ;koh t;'Adk jk;k fBeb frnk ;h, go fwZ; ;"|N e'b'A dh w[;eok e/ bzx rJh ;h, fizBk e[ w[;eok e/ T[jgfjbh wzIb ’s/ g"VhnK e'b yb'sh w/oh xotkbh e'b'A bzxDk ;h.

fwZ; Bkb d';sh gkT[D dk ukjtkB w/ok fJe fwZso d|so'A d|so dh tke|h eZY e/ fJe fdBT[; ƒ fwbD frnk. w?A s/ w/oh xotkbh jkbhA fJj nB[wkB jh bk oj/ ;K fe w/o/ fwZso B/ fJzi Bw;ekoehsh j't/rh s/ T[; B/ fJzi w[;eok e/ T[so fdZsk j't/rk, fe T[j tkg; th nk frnk. T[j T[; ƒw[;e[ok e/ fwbh ;h. yfVnK yfVnK jh T[; B/ e/tb J/Bk jh g[ZfSnk ;h fe w/ok fwZso feZE/ ezweodk ;h s/ feZE/ ofjzdk ;h. s/ T[;/ soQK ftdk eo fdZsk ;h. T[; B/ PkfJd T[; ƒ p?mD bJh fejk;h, go w/o/ fwZso d/ ewo/ d/ w[ekpb/ s/ T[; dk ewok J/Bh soshp Bkb ;zGkfbnk j'fJnk ;h feT[; ƒ ;wM BjhA ;h gJh fe T[j feZE/ p?m/. fit/A ;ko/ d/ ;ko/ w{VQ/ ghVQhnK p?mD bJh BjhA, ;iktNbJh ;B. w/o/ fwZso d/ efjD nB[;ko i/ fwZ; ;"|N ƒ e'Jh w[jZps th eoBh ukj[zdk sK T[; dk thPkfJd Bh:s ;bhek ;h s/ \k; soshp.

43

fwZ; ;"|N ƒ gsk ;h fe fe; ƒ fezBh ftZE T[~s/ oyDk j? s/ PkfJd fJjhU ekoB ;h fe T[;B/ Bk ukj[zfdnK j'fJnK th nkgD/ s/ b'eK ftueko fJe ftZE gk SZvh ;h fi; dk cb;o{g T[j nNzes/ fBob/g ihtB ihT{ ojh ;h. uzrh ftZfdnk s/ uzrh B"eoh d/ j[zfdnK ;[zfdnK shj toQ/ dh T[wo see[nkoh ofjD dk j'o e'Jh ekoB jh BjhA ;h fd;dk.

fJzi th BjhA fe T[; dh tke|h jh BjhA ;h. Bt/A ftnkj/ iK fJe d' S'N/ pkbK tkb/ i'V/T[; e'b nkT[Ad/ ofjzd/. e'Jh T[; dk iwksh nkgDh gsBh ƒ Bkb b? e/ fwbD nk iKdk s/ e'JhT[; dh ;j/bh nkgD/ gsh s/ pZfunK ƒ b? e/ nk iKdh. edh edkJhA e'Jh ftd/Ph i'Vk thnkT[Adk, T[j PkfJd T[; dk nwohek dk tke| ;h. s/ iK c/o T[;/ j;gskb ftu ezw eoB tkbk fJeeztkok vkeNo uZeo bk iKdk. T[; d/ Bkb th ;dk e'Jh Bk e'Jh j'o d';s j[zdk. nwohekftu fJwfsjkB d/ fdBK ftu T[j fe;/ w[zv/ Bkb ob e/ gVQdh j[zdh ;h sK T[; dh gq'|?;o B/ fJe fdBg[ZS fbnk ;h fe T[j ftnkj ed'A eotk oj/ ;B. i/ T[E/ fe;/ Bkb d; fdB fJeZfmnK gVQB s'A b'efJj ;'u ;ed/ ;B sK Gkosh ;ZfGnsk nB[;ko sK e'Jh th rZb pD ;edh ;h. fwZ; B/ fe;/Bkb Bk fGZiD dk |?;bk jh eo fbnk ;h. fJE'A se fe T[j fe;/ ƒ fJeZfbnK xo nkT[D bJh BjhA;h efjzdh.

T[jBK fdBK ftu jh ;kvh T[; Bkb fJe ;KM g?dk j' rJh. ;kvh nk:k B/ nkgDk GD/tKT[jd/ e'b B"eo oytk fdZsk. T[j w[zvk ;kvh nk:k d/ e'b jh ofjzdk ;h. fwZ; ;"|N ƒ e"DfwbD nkfJnk ;h s/ eh d/ frnk ;h iK T[; B/ nkgD/ xo ftu eh spdhbh ehsh ;h. fJE'A sefe T[; B/ fezB/ posB ed'A Bt/A bJ/ ;B s/ fejV/ fdB fejVk foekov nkgD/ foekov gb/nobJh \ohfdnk s/ tik e/ t/fynk ;h, ;kƒ jo gqeko dh \po T[; d/ B"eo s'A nkgDh nk:k okjhAfwbdh ofjzdh.

j"bh j"bh ;kv/ pZu/ th T[; d/ xo ikD nkT[D br gJ/. s/ fJe fdB pZfunK dh Gkb ftu fBebhw/oh xotkbh th T[; d/ ewo/ ftu ik tVh. T[j nkgDh ;[Gkte w[;eokjN Bkb \[P j' e/ fwbh s/T[; B/ w/oh xotkbh dk ;kv/ xo nkT[D dk ;Zdk th gotkB eo fbnk. w/oh xotkbh pVh \[P ;h.T[j j[D T[; d/ pko/ tX/o/ ikD ;e/rh.

;kv/ g[Zso BjhA ;h. d't/A XhnK shih s/ gzithA ftu gVQdhnK ;B. w/oh xotkbh nkgDhnK XhnKdk GftZy fwZ; ;"|N Bkb w/bdh ofjzdh, T[; ƒ eh ;[Zy ;B s/ eh d[Zy. w/oh xotkbh nkg sKJ/Bh gVQh j'Jh BjhA ;h fe B"eoh eo ;edh, go XhnK ƒ gVQk e/ fJjBK ;[ZyK d[ZyK ftu'A Io{o bzxkT[Dkukj[zdh ;h.

“nBgVQ pzdk sK fBok Y'o jz[dk j?, T[; ƒ IwkB/ dh ;{M jh BjhA nk ;edh”, w/oh xotkbhJ/dK dhnK ;'uK ;'udh oks ƒ o/vhU T[~s/ d/P dh fJ;soh gqXkB wzsoh d/ |?;b/ ;[De/ fJjhU ;[gB/b?Adh ;"A iKdh.

fwZ; ;"|N ;kv/ xo nkJh sK w/oh xotkbh B/ ;fji/ ;fji/ eJh rZbK g[ZShnK. gsk brk feT[; d/ d' Gok ;B. fJe w/io s/ fJe fJzihBhno. T[; dk ;{p/dko fgsk d{ih bVkJh ftu wo frnk;h. T[j ;G s'A tZvh ;h. T[; dh wK B/ T[; ƒ gVQkfJnk ;h s/ T[; B/ nkgD/ GoktK ƒ. j[D T[;

44

d/ Gok ftnkj' to/ ;B s/ fgzv T[; dh wK fJeZbh ;h fi; ƒ T[j nkgD/ e'b fbnkT[D tkbh ;h.;kvh tv/oh T[wo dh nk:k ƒ fwZ; ;"|N T[~s/ pVk so; nkT[Adk. T[; dk ihn eodk fe fJ;

ƒ e'Jh Gbk fijk w[zvk bZG ikt/ s/ fJj th b'eK tKr xo t;k e/ p?m/. fJeZbh ikB dk eh j[zdk j?,Bk e'Jh d[Zy dk ;kEh s/ Bk jh ;[Zy dk. “w?A sK d' fdB xo ftu fJeZbh ofj iktK sK w?ƒ xo tZYykD ƒ g?Adk j?”, T[j w/oh xotkbh Bkb rZbK eodh s/ w/oh xotkbh dk ih j[zrkok GoB ƒ eodkgo T[j jz{ jK eo e/ uZ[g eo iKdh.

fJeZbh ;h sK eh ;h nkgD/ sB wB dh wkbe ;h. i' ihn nkT[Adk eodh ;h, i' wB nkT[AdkgfjBdh ;h. ebQ ƒ ;kvhnK XhnK B/ th fJ; soQK eoBk ;h. fJj ;'u e/ w/oh xotkbh ƒ \[Phth j[zdh s/ dZ[y th. go fwZ; ;"|N dh fJeZbsk dk f\nkb eoe/ T[j w[V u[Zg j' ofjzdh. e'JhnkgD/ s'A S'Nk j't/ e'Jh tZvk s/ e'Jh jkD dk, pzd/ pzd/ dhnK pkjtK jz[d/ B/ ns/ pkjtK fpBKekjdk ihtB.

w/oh xotkbh fBokP fijh j' iKdh. T[j fJj rZb fwZ; ;"|N Bkb eoBk ukjz[dh, go T[; dk j"A;bkBk g?Adk. fwZ; ;"|N fJjdk e'Jh jZb feT[A BjhA ;h bZG ;edh. w/oh xotkbh d/ pZfunK dk GftZyfJ; rZb Bkb pZXk j'fJnk ;h.

fJjBK fdBK ftu jh ;kvh nk:k dk GD/tK fwZ; ;"|N dk d' ;" o[fgnk b? e/ GZi frnk. T[;B/ N?bhc'B dk fpb iwQK eokT[D bJh G/fink ;h T[j tkg; w[V e/ jh BjhA ;h nkfJnk. fwZ; ;"|NT[; fdB th T[vhedh ojh s/ T[; s'A nrb/ fdB th. nzs shi/ fdB ;t/o/ n?stko ƒ T[j ;kv/xo nkJh.

;kvh nk:k d{PB ;[DfdnK ;ko b'jh bkyh j' rJh. “fe;/ rb'A fMVfenk j't/rk. i[nke PfjoSZv e/ gsk BjhA feZE/ GZi frnk j?. ;kƒ sK nkg j[D jh gsk brk j? s/ go/PkB jK. e;{o nkgDks/ d'P bkT[Adh j? i[nke T[~s/”, ;kvh nk:k B/ d' tkeK Bkb jh fwZ; ;"|N ƒ u[Zg eok fdZsk. T[jnkgD/ xo ƒ gos rJh.

nZi gfjbh tko T[; d/ p[ZbQK ’s/ w[;ekD BjhA ;h ojh.w/oh xotkbh d{o ;w[zdo ftu fd;jZd/ tZb sZeD br rJh.fwZ; ;"|N th ubh rJh s/ nk:k th. ;kv/ xo ftu fJ; soQK u[Zg tos rJh fit/A ;kv/ xo

u'oh j' rJh j't/. “t/y btKr/ eh eodh j?”, EZb/ s[oh iKdh nk:K d/ tke w/oh ezBhA gJ/.fwZ; ;"|N fezBh fBnk;ok ;h s/ nk:k fezB/ nk;o/ tkbh. ;kv/ xo'A s[oB bZrh fwZ; dk fujok

jkbhA th w/ohnK nZyK d/ ;kjwD/ ;h.J/Bk sK T[; dk fujok T[; fdB th BjhA ;h T[sfonk id'A nZXh oks ;"D s'A gfjbK e{V/ tkbh

N'eoh pkjo oyD bfrnK T[; d/ ewo/ dk nkN'w?fNe izdok pzd j' frnk ;h s/ T[j g/Nhe'N s/ pbkT{IgfjBh pkjo yb'sh ofj rJh ;h. T[; fdB nZXh oks rJh d' wzIbK dhnK g"VhnK g/Nhe'N s/ pbkT{IgfjBh T[so e/ id'A T[; B/ ;kv/ xo'A ;kVQh wzrD bJh dotkIk yVekfJnk ;h sK dotkI/ T[~s/ w?ƒsZe e/ T[; d/ fujo/ T[~s/ ;dk tkbk B{o BjhA ;h fojk. s/ T[j B{o w/o/ xotkbh dh ;kVQh gfjB e/u"ehdko e'b'A d{ih ukph wzr fbnkT[D s/ th BjhA ;h gofsnk. go nZi dh s/ T[; fdB dh rZb ftu

45

fJe g{o/ :[r dk |oe ;h. T[; fdB T[; dh w[;ekB dh nDj'Ad Pow Bkb x[b e/ j[;hB j' rJh;h s/ nZi w[odk bkP.

n;hA eoBk ukj[zd/ j'J/ th e[M BjhA ;K eo ;ed/. nk:k dhnK rZbK s'A ikgdk ;h fe g?;/ T[;d/ GD/t/A B/ oZy bJ/ ;B s/ fJ; ezw ftu T[; ƒ nk:k dh Pfj th ;h.

go n;hA fwZ; dh wdd eod/ sK nk:k s'A p[o/ g?Ad/ ;K. T[j ;kv/ pZfunK d/ gkbD g';D d/ fdBs'A ;kv/ e'b pZfunK dh wK pD e/ ofjzdh ;h. T[Ai th fJ; rZb pko/ T[j g?oK T[~s/ gkDh BjhA ;hg?D fdzdh. j' ;edk j? gfjbK nk:k dh woIh g?;/ dZp ikD dh Bk jh j't/, go w[zv/ dh fIZd nZr/bkuko j' rJh j't/.

J/; t/b/ nk:k uzvh dk o{g Xkoh fcodh ;h. T[; B/ g?;/ Bk tkg; eoB dk |?;bk eo fbnk;h. PkfJd fJ; bJh fe fwZ; ;"|N eo th eh ;edh ;h < T[Ai th d' ;" o[gJ/ T[; bJh e'JhJ/vh tZvh oew BjhA ;h fe d[BhnK go ftu fJ; dk o"bk gkT[Adh fcodh. ;kv/ xo rZb eoe/ jhT[; B/ t/y fbnk ;h T[; dh fezBh p/fJIsh j'Jh ;h s/ n;hA e[M BjhA ;K eo ;e/.

w/oh xotkbh j'o th go/PkB ;h. T[; dhnK XhnK dk GftZy fJ; rZb Bkb th pZXk j'fJnk ;h.fJj mhe j? fe gVQ e/ B"eoh eoB tkbhnK e[VhnK ;G e[nkohnK BjhA ;h ofjzdhnK. go j? ;B Io{o,fJ; s'A e'Jh w[Beo BjhA ;h j' ;edk. s/ oZp d/ xo dk eh gsk fe; dk r[Dk feXo g?Adk.

eJh fdB Bk jh fwZ; ;"|N ;kv/ xo nkJh s/ Bk jh n;hA T[; d/ xo rJ/. ;kv/ pZu/ \po fbnkT[Ad/;B fe T[j gfjbK tKr jh \[P ;h, go c/o th T[; ƒ fwbD dk j"A;bk BjhA ;h g?Adk. n;hA fJ;rZb dh th r"o BjhA ;h ehsh fe T[j fe; t/b/ d|so iKdh j? s/ ed'A gosdh j?. id ;kvhnK XhnKdk GftZy jh g{oB s"o ’s/ T[~ibk BjhA ;h sK fwZ; ;"|N ƒ sZeD ftu th eh fgnk ;h. w/oh xotkbhd/ u[Zg eo ikD dk ekoB w?ƒ fJ; s'A f;tk j'o e'Jh BjhA ;h ikgdk. T[j sK w/o/ Bkb th BjhA ;hp'bdh fit/A T[; d/ g?;/ tkg; goskD ftu T[; dh b'VhAdh ;jkfJsk Bk eo e/ w?A nkgDh xotkbhdhnK XhnK d/ GftZy dk fXnkB BjhA ;h ehsk.

T[Xo fwZ; ;"|N th u[Zg eo rJh ;h—nk:k ;Zuh j' rJh ;h. T[; d/ xo tkbk fe;/ wzsoh dheko ubkT[Adk ;h. T[j fwZ; ;"|N ƒ iK w/oh xo tkbh ƒ iK w/oh xo tkbh d/ xotkb/ ƒ eh ;wMdh;h. fpB^pKj/A iK ewI'o pkjK tkb/ pzd/ ƒ e"D g[ZSdk j?.

w/oh xo tkbh J/dK dhnK ;'uK ;'udh pVh T[dk; ofjzdh.fJe fdB nk:k EZfbUA jh p[Vp[V eodh nkJh, “ozvhnK tkb/ ezw B/ nZi ebQ dhnK e[VhnK

d/. ozvhnK d/ J/B/ :ko j[zd/ B/ fizB/ fJj bJh p?mhnK B/.”nk:k dh nktkI jkoh j'Jh ;h.gsk bfrnk fe fwZ; ;"|N ƒ fJe fdB wjkswk rKXh o'v T[~s/ \ohd^dkoh eofdnK T[; dk

nwohek ftu gVQB d/ fdBK dk iwksh Bfozdo gkfNb fwb frnk fi; dk ;kbk e'bkpk EkD/ ftuvhHn?~;HghH bfrnk j'fJnk ;h. rZbK eofdnK T[j nk:k d/ GD/t/A dh eos{s th dZ; p?mh. T[;/ oksid'A fwZ; ;"|N oks dk P' t/y e/ nkgD/ cb?N T[~s/ gj[zuh sK ;kvh nk:k dk xo tkbk wzsoh dkvokJhto, d' ;" o[gJ/ jZE ftu geVh T[; dk fJzsIko eo fojk ;h.

46

Bfozdo gkfNb dh fJe' Xweh Bkb nk:k dk xo tkbk f;ZXk j' frnk ;h.w/oh xo tkbh B/ sZfenk fe jkoh j'Jh nk:k ƒ gfjbh wzIb dhnK g"VhnK uVQfdnK toQk br

frnk ;h. ftfdnk ekoB fwZ; ;"|N dhnK iVQK fezBhnK vz{xhnK ;B s/ fJ;/ ekoB T[; dhnK pkjKnB/e s/ PeshPkbh ;B.

w/oh xo tkbh ƒ ikfgnk fit/A fwZ; ;"|N nB/e G[iK tkbh d[ork j't/ fijVh g?oK j/mK ;Zg b?e/ th fB;fuzs ofjzdh j?.

“T[m' p/ph, fsnko j't', BkPsk eo'—;e{b dk ;wK j' frnk”, w/oh xotkbh B/ nkgDhnK XhnKƒ bkv Bkb jb{D e/ irkfJnk.

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

woI—fpwkoh l f;XkfJnk—Ykfbnk, pDkfJnk l nNze—p/f|eok l fBok Y'o—ikBto l pkjtK—;jkok l b'jh bkyh—r[Z;k j'Dk l fd;jZd/—fiZE/ Xosh s/ nkekP fwbd/ ikgd/ j'D d[w/b l jb{D—fjbk e/.

;kfjse fN~gDh

r[bIko f;zx ;zX{ dh ‘fwZ; ;"|N’ ni'e/ :[Zr dh gVQh fbyh n"os dh skes ƒ do;kT[Adh j'JhejkDh j?. fJj ejkDh T[BQK b'eK d/ wz{j ’s/ fJe soQK dh ug/V j? i' fJeZbh n"os ƒ ewI'o ;'u e/T[; dk BikfJI ckfJdk T[mkT[D dk :sB eod/ jB ns/ n;cb j'D ’s/ T[; tZb Bekokswe otZJhnkngDk b?Ad/ jB. nkgDhnK ;wZf;nktK ƒ pVh db/oh Bkb jZb eofdnK d/y e/ j'o n"osK th nkgDhnKXhnK ƒ fw; ;"|N tork pBkT[D bJh T[u/oh f;Zfynk d/D bJh gq/fos j[zdhnK jB.

gqPB

t~v/ gqPB

gqPB 1H ‘fwZ; ;"|N’ ejkDh dh BkfJek dk feodko fej' fijk j? <gqPB 2H b/ye dh gsBh fw; ;"|N d/ ihtB s'A feT[A gqGkfts ;h < T[j T[; dh s[bBk fe; Bkb

eodh j? <gqPB 3H fwZ; ;"|N nkgDhnK ;wZf;nktK dk jZb fet/A eodh j? < e'Jh fJe T[dkjoB fdU.

S'N/ gqPB

j/m fbyhnK N{eK ƒ gVQ e/ j/mK fdZs/ gqPBK d/ T[~so fdU L^“nBgVQ pzdk sK fBok Y'o j[zdk j?, T[; ƒ IwkB/ dh ;{M jh BjhA nk ;edh.”gqPB 1H T[go'es N{eK ftub/ ftuko fe; B/ s/ feT[A gqrNkJ/ jB <gqPB 2H ftfdnk d/ ehêh bkG jB < nkgD/ ftuko 40^50 PpdK ftZu fby'.gqPB 3H ‘Y'o’ dk eh noE j? <

47

b/ye pko/ ikDekoh

iBw L e'Nbk pvbh, fIbQk b[fXnkDk (gzikp)(26H2H1935)

feZsk L 1H Gkos ;oeko d/ feqPh ftGkr, fdZbh fty/ B"eoh ehsh.2H e[M ;kb y/shpkVh :{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk ftu nfXnkgB dk ekoi ehsk.

gqekPB L ejkDh ;zrqfj ^ j[;B s/ jkDh (1963),;'B/ dh fJZN (1979),nwo eEk (1979),rwb/ dh t/b (1984),fJe ;KM g[okDh (1984),o[dB fpZbhnK dk (1998),fJe fJZN tkbh jt/bh (2003) u'DthnK ejkDhnK

;BwkB L ‘nwo eEk’ ƒ ;kfjs nekdwh, fdZbh tb'A 1982 ftu ;BwkB gqkgs j'fJnk.;zgoe L 1538, ;?eNo 36^vh, uzvhrVQ

48

fsbu"bhw'jB Gzvkoh

(1937)

u"Xoh o"De wZb GwZso frnk. T[j f;o s'A g?oK sZe ezp T[~fmnk. g;hBk T[jdh fuQT[eDhr'rV ’s/ fJT[A fco frnk, fit/A oZih j'Jh G'A T[go eZ;h dk gfjbk gkDh fco iKdk j?. T[jƒ Pkwd/ x[;w[;/ s'A vo bZr fojk ;h. w"s fijh u[gk;/ tosh uZ[g B/ T[jƒ j'o th G?Ghs eo fdZsk. T[jB/nkgD/ nkb/ d[nkb/ d/fynk. uko/ gk;/ jB/ok c?fbnk j'fJnk ;h. Gydh GZmh ftu'A fBebd/ gzxo/̂ b'j/tor/ fGnkBe f\nkbK B/ T[jd/ bj{ dk d"ok s/I eo fdZsk. fGnkBe s/ nihp fij/ f\nkb T[j ;'uDbZrk. s/ w"s tor/ eJh f\nkb T[j fJe dw ;'u frnk L ‘i/ Gbk fJ; jB/oh oks ’u w?ƒ e'Jh wkoikJ/. w/ok rb jh x[ZN d/t/. iK oZf;nK Bkb B{V e/ w?ƒ ehfVnK d/ G"D ’s/ ;[ZN ikJ/. ehV/ w/ohp'Nh p'Nh uz{v b?D.’ c/o T[jƒ :kd nkfJnk fe fet/A gzdoK fdB gfjbK dh fJe fJj' fijh Pkw ƒjh fszB vke{nK B/ bkrb/ fgzv ƒ iKd/ fe;/ fgU^g[Zs ƒ x/o fbnk ;h. fgU d/ d/yfdnK d/yfdnK g[Zsƒ r'bhnK Bkb SkD fdZsk ;h. T[; fgZS'A fgU ƒ th. Nkjbh T[jb/ b[fenk e'Jh okjh fJj d/y e/ vofrnk ;h s/ GZi T[~fmnk ;h. GZi/ iKd/ d/ T[jd/ ezBK e'b dh fezBhnK jh r'bhnK PK^PK eodhnK bzxrJhnK ;B, go T[j pu frnk. fJj ;koh ftfEnk u"Xoh o"De wZb B/ nkg nkgD/ ezBhA U; pzd/s'A ;[Dh ;h.

T[j sK fJ; ;[zB;kB ftu fJeZbk ;h. fpbe[b fJeZbk. fJe tkoh c/o T[jdk ;kok ;oho ezp frnk.d{o HHH ;kjwD/ u[o;s/ ftu fe;/ g[Zs^ftr[Zuh d/ pkb/ N{D/ d/ dht/ dh bkN ezp ojh ;h.ekjbh ekjbh T[j nkgD/ xo ƒ s[o fgnk. ehfVnK d/ G"D ’s/ fsbu"bh gkT[D nkfJnk T[j pV/

moQw/ Bkb, jtk Bkb nme/bhnK eodk, nkfJnk ;h. xo ƒ w[V/ iKd/ d/ T[jd/ edw fEVe fEVeiKd/ ;B T[jƒ bZfrnk fit/A e'Jh T[jdk fgZSk eo fojk j[zdk j?. T[jd/ fpbe[b Bkb Bkb e'Jh s[o fojkj[zdk j?. T[jB/ fgZS/ w[V e/ d/fynk. T[E/ sK e'Jh th BjhA ;h. T[jdk goSktK jh ;h, fijVk PkfJdT[; s'A th fInkdk vfonk j'fJnk ;h, T[; s'A th fInkdk T[j ezp fojk ;h.

yVek j'D d/ vo'A gzi^rih X'sh dk bV T[jB/ fJe jZE Bkb cV fbnk. ;zGb ;zGb s[odk T[jJ/dK nkgD/ xo nk tfVnk, fiZdK e'Jh ;Zg ukBD dh w;sh ftu y/vdk y/vdk fe;/ nDfvZm fBT[b/dh BIo uVQB vodk nkgDh y[v ftu ;oe iKdk j?.

nzdo skeh ftu'A T[; pkjo tZb ƒ d/fynk. b'eK dk jVQ Pfjo tZb ƒ nk fojk ;h.nrb/ ewo/ ftu tVfdnK jh T[j nkgD/ Btkoh gbzx T[~s/ fvZr fgnk. fgnk fgnk T[j nkgDh

gfjbh fIzdrh pko/ ;'uD bZrk. ;'udk ;'udk T[j UE/ g[Zi frnk, fiE/ u"Xoh o"De wZb BjhA ;h j[zdk.p; o"Deh j[zdk ;h. fJeZbk, wK dk bkvbk, o"Deh `

s/ T[j fgzvK ftu fco e/ eZgVk t/udk j[zdk ;h. S'Nh fijh eZgV/ dh Goh rmVh fe;/ pkIhroBh

49

dh fgZm T[~s/ bZd/ fBnkD/ tKr T[jdhnK tZyhnK ftu tV tV iKdh. fgzv dhnK ;[nkDhnK ƒ rIrI eZgVk t/udk T[j w;K r[Ikok s'odk. EZfenk N[ZfNnk xo nk e/ id T[j nkgDh IBkBh d/jZEK dh gZeh o'Nh yKdk sK T[jdk ;kok Ee/tK bfj iKdk. d't/A t/b/ fwbdh o[yh^fwZ;h o'NhT[jƒ pj[s ;[nkd bZrdh s/ T[j fJ; bJh oZp dk ;" ;" P[eo eodk. fIzdrh T[jdh ;kth s[oojh ;h.

fJe fdB T[jdk eZgVk pj[s ftfenk. e[M o[gJ/ T[jƒ T[Xko d/ fwb rJ/. xo nk e/ T[jB/ id;ko/ frD/ sK g{o/ ;" d/ B"N ;B.

;" ;" d/ B'N sK T[jB/ pj[s d/y/ ;B. Pfjo d/ tZv/ jNtkDhJ/ dh d[ekB dk rZbk ;" ;" d/ B'NKBkb jh sK Gfonk ofjzdk ;h. T[jƒ gsk ;h fe n"fVnk fe T[j S'N/ B'NK pdb/ fgzv d/ Pokp d/m/e/ s'A ;" dk fJe' fJe B'N pdbtk fbnkfJnk. T[jdh sK s'o jh pdb rJh. xo ftu gfjbht/oK ;" dk B'N nkfJnk ;h.

e'o/ e[Zi/ ftu ;" dk B'N oZy e/ T[jB/ Bt/A EkB Bkb'A bho gkV e/ T[jdk wz{j pzBQ fdZsk. e[Zik T[jeZuh e'mh ftu oZy e/ bzwk g? frnk. ;koh dh ;koh oks T[j gk;/ wkodk fojk. T[jƒ BhAd BjhA;h nk ojh. T[j xzN/ xzN/ fgS'A e[Zi/ dk wz{j y'bQ e/ ;" d/ B'N ƒ jZEK Bkb N'j N'j e/ w[V e'mh ftuoZy d/Adk.

T[; oks T[jdh nihp jkbs j' rJh ;h.T[jdh xotkbh T[; dh fJj jkbs t/y t/y xpok ojh ;h. T[; ƒ eh MZb uVQ frnk ;h, T[;

oks. T[j j[D th ed/ ed/ ;'uD bZr iKdh.c/o T[jB/ nkgD/ fgzv jh pikih dh jZNh gk bJh. s/ T[j o"Deh dh EK o"Deh wZb pD frnk.fgzv ftu T[jdk ;[jDk tDi ub fgnk d' d' uko uko s'A tXdhnK nk;kwhnK j[D ;ko/ fgzv ftu

c?b rJhnK.eZgV/ T[~s/ br/ ezNo'b B/ T[jƒ pb?e eoBh f;ykJh. fBZs BftnK N?e;K B/ T[jƒ d{johnK tjhnK

oZyDhnK f;yk fdZshnK, fgzv dk tkb tkb T[jdk eoIkJh ;h. ;ko/ fJbke/ ftu j[D “o"De wZb, o"DewZb” j' ojh ;h.

c/o T[jƒ nkgDk fgzv S'Nk S'Nk bZrD bZrk. fit/A T[jdh fdB go fdB tXdh r'rV j[D fJ; fgzvftu BjhA ;h ;wk ;edh.

fJe oks T[j NoZe ftu ;wkB gk e/ bkrb/ Pfjo nk tfVnk. nk;kwhnK fgzvK s'A Pfjo d/ uZeowkoB bZrhnK. fi; dh Xh G?D dk ftnkj Xfonk iKdk T[j o"De wZb e'b Io{o g[Zidk. IwhB rfjD/Xo e/ nkgDh roI g{oh eodk. o"De wZb d/ r[D rkT[Adk T[j EZedk Bk.

j[D o"De wZb d/ d' GZm/ uZbd/ ;B. T[jd/ nkgD/ eJh NoZe uZbd/ ;B. eJh ezgBhnK dk T[jfjZ;/dko ;h. T[jdk J/Bk ezw j'D T[~s/ th T[jƒ j[D e'Jh ezw BjhA ;h. p; r'rV ’s/ xVh w[VhT[j jZE c/odk ofjzdk. ed/ ed/ w;sh ftu nk e/ nkgDh xo tkbh T[~s/ o'Qp MkVdk T[j efjzdk,“GkrtkB/, eh ;wMdh n?A, fijV/ o"Deh ƒ xo ftu ;" dk B'N fgnk d/y e/ T[; oks BhAd BjhA ;hnkJh, nZi uko fvzjrK s/ fgPkp eoB frnk J/Bk ewk b?Ad?.”

50

tXh r'rV T[~s/ T[jdk jZE wZb'wZbh fcoB bZr iKdk.fJ; ;kb dhnK fJb?ePBK ftu T[j Pfjo dk w[yhnk u[fDnk frnk. o"De wZb s'A j[D T[j u"Xoh

o"De wZb pD frnk.J/Bk e[M j'D s/ th T[jƒ u?B BjhA ;h fwfbnk. tgkoe XzfdnK ftu T[bfMnk T[j fdB oks GNedk

ofjzdk. T[; dhnK eJh nk;kwhnK T[jƒ nZyK fdykT[D bZr iKdhnK. eJh nk;kwhnK wo^w[ZeoiKdhnK. T[jd/ nkgD/ \k; fgzv dk puBk ekwo/v y[ZbQw^y[ZbQk T[jd/ f\bk| gouko eodk fcodk ofjzdk.ed/ ed/ sK T[j T[jd/ wz{j ’s/ th yohnK yohnK ;[Dk iKdk. Go/ pkIko ftu pKj eZY e/, T[jdhnKd[ekBK dh esko tb fJPkok eo e/ T[j efjzdk, “UJ/ o"Dek, ehjdh \kso i'Vd?A fJj fwbyK, w"ekn"D s/ b'eK B/ fJj nkg/ ;KG b?DhnK B/.”

fJj ;[D e/ u"Xoh o"De wZb T[go'A T[go'A sK jZ; SZvdk go nzdo'A nzdo fit/A T[jƒ eKpk fSViKdk. nkg; ftu rZbK eod/ b'e T[jƒ bZrdk fit/A T[jdhnK jh u[rbhnK eo oj/ j'D, T[jd/ f\bk|ftT[AsK pDk oj/ j'D.

eJh eJh Gow, eJh eJh tfjw \kj^w\kj T[jƒ szr eoh iKd/. T[jdhnK oksK dh BhAd jokwj[zdh ofjzdh. ed/ ed/ T[j T[~GVtkfjnK T[~m pfjzdk. G?V/ G?V/ ;[gB/ T[jƒ nkT[Ad/ ofjzd/.

c/o T[jB/ fJjBK rZbK tZb fXnkB d/Dk jh SZv fdZsk. gzvsK GkJhnK ƒ T[j g{iD bZrk. fJbke/d/ tZv/ ;zsK ƒ eJh t/oK eko ftu fpmk e/ nkgD/ Pfjo b? nkfJnk. ;kb ftu eJh ;s;zr T[jB/eokJ/. ;e{bK, wzdoK s/ r[od[nkfonK ƒ T[jB/ jIkoK o[gJ/ wdd ti'A fdZs/. jVQ̂ ghVsK ftu T[jB/jIkoK ezpb tzv/. fJb?ePB^czv ftu T[jB/ n?vh tZvh E?bh G/AN ehsh fe tZfvnK tZfvnK Pkj{ekoK d/dzd i'V fdZs/.

go c/o th fJe y'i fijh, fJe GNeD fijh T[jƒ nzdo/ nzdo ykJh iKdh. nkgD/ ezwtb'A nt/;bk j' e/—ezw fijVk fe j[D nkg/ jh ubh ik fojk ;h—T[j u?B Gkb fojk ;h. T[j'fijk u?B fijVk fe T[jƒ ed/ fgzvK ’u rI rI eZgVk t/ue/ nkJ/ EZe/ N[ZN/ ƒ u[ZbQ/ w{jo/ pfj e/o[Zyh fw;h o'Nh yKfdnK B;hp j[zdk ;h. ‘fezBk moQwk, fezBk u?B ;h T[; fIzdrh ftu.’ ed/ ed/T[j ;'udk.

c/o T[jƒ fJe goskgh ;zsK d/ doPB j'J/. ;koh ftfEnk T[jB/ ;zsK ƒ efj ;[DkJh. fJet/oK sK T[j ;zsK nZr/ u"Xoh o"Deh wZb s'A fJe s[ZS o"Deh pD frnk. ;zsK ƒ dfJnk nk rJh T[jdhfJj jkbs d/y e/. wz{j ftu xkj, rb ftu yZdo dk goBk s/ Bzr/ g?ohA Pfjo dk u"Xoh T[jBK d/uoBK ftu Yfjnk fgnk ;h.

;zsK B/ iZr eokfJnk. T[jBK B/ T[jdk jZE btk e/ rohpK ƒ eZgV/ tzvkJ/. pokjwDK ƒ eJhegbK rT{nK dkB eotkJhnK. T[j T[jd/ e'b ;tk wjhBk oj/. iKd/ j'J/ T[jƒ n;h; d/ rJ/ s/ efjrJ/, “d/y HHH o"De wZb HHH eZbQ ƒ wzrbtko j?. eZbQ s'A jh v[Zpd/ ;{oi Bkb ehfVnK dh G"D T[~s/fsbu"bh gk e/ nkfJnk eo. ;tk ;kb fsbu"bh g"Adk ojhA. fJj p/IpkB ehV/ s?ƒ sko d/Dr/.d/yhA HHH fes/ G[Zb Bk ikJhA.”

fJj efj e/ ;zs Broh s'A pkjo j' rJ/. j[D jo v[Zpd/ ;{oi Bkb u"Xoh o"De wZb ehfVnK dh

51

G"D T[~s/ fsbu"bh gkD iKdk. tZv/ s'A tZvk ezw SZv T[j nkgD/ jZEhA fsbu"bh gk e/ nkT[Adk. eJh eJhfwzN T[j ehfVnK d/ G"D T[~s/ p?mk u'bK fgZS/ ehfVnK dh bVkJh d/ydk ofjzdk, ;[nkd b?Adk ofjzdk.nkgDh fIzdrh T[jƒ c/o ;KthA j[zdh ikgh.

eJh fdBK s'A fJe nihp swkPk ehfVnK dk T[j t/y fojk ;h. S'fNnK S'fNnK ehfVnK s'A fJetZv/ eZd^p[Zs tkbk ehVk fsbbZrh PZeo dh fupeh o'Vh y'j e/ b? iKdk ;h. T[jdk fJj jwbk t/y e/u"Xoh fyV T[~mdk ;h. “fezBk fjzwsh n? ;de/ s/o/.” T[jd/ wz{j'A nkg/ fBeb iKdk.

nZi Pfjo ftu e[PshnK ;B. fJbke/ ftu'A nkJ/ T[jd/ eoIkJh G'E/ gkJhA, Pokp ftu r[ZN, T[jd/tb x{o x{o d/yd/ ;B. ekwo/v puBk b'eK d/ jVQ ftu ukwQfbnk fJT[A fco fojk ;h fit/A ftnkjftu BkfJD fcodh j[zdh j?. u"Xoh o"De wZb ƒ e[PshnK t/yDk nZi uzrk Bk bZrk.

T[j sK nkgD/ gfjbtkB ehV/ d/ dkU^g/u jh t/y/rk, fJj ;'udk, moQw/ Bkb s[odk, nmy/bhnKeodk, T[j ehfVnK dh G"D T[~s/ g[Zik. fsbu"bh gkT[D s'A gfjbK T[jB/ fJe fBZeh fijh fupeh j'JhfsbK Bkb Goh r[V dh o'Vh G"D T[~s/ ;[ZNh.

swkPk d/yD bJh T[j fsnko j' frnk. n?sehA T[jd/ wz{j'A ‘;de/ s/o/’ Bk fBefbnk. T[jezp T[fmnk.

tZv/ ehV/ s'A r[V dh fBZeh fijh vbh y'j e/ S'N/ S'N/ gzi S/ ehV/ nkgDh y[Zv tZb uKJhA uKJhAfbik oj/ ;B.

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

fsbu"bh—fsb, u"b s/ PZeo dk fwPoD l GwZso—vo l ftfEnk—eEk l g[Zs^ftr[Zuh—g[Zso ftj{DhwK l skeh—fyVeh l rfjD/ Xo e/—froth oyDk l roI—b'V l fvzjrk—edw l fwbyK—XBd"bs l ftT[AsK—;ehwK l G'E/—ukdok

;kfjse fN~gDh

‘fsbu"bh’ ejkDh ftu o"De wZb BK d/ fJe n?;/ gkso dh wkBf;e ;fEsh dk fusoB ehsk frnkj?, i' ;{dy'oh d/ wkfXnw okjhA fJzBk nwho pD iKdk j? fe nkfyo nzdo{Bh s"o ’s/ GNeD dk fPekoj' iKdk j?. nkgDh GNeD s'A w[esh gkT[D bJh T[j eowêKvK dk ;jkok b?Adk j?. fJ; ejkDh d/nzs ftu ejkDheko B/ u"Xoh o"De wZb ƒ b'eK dh fJew[Zmsk dh Pesh s'A G?Ghs j'D ƒ gqsheksweo{g ftu g/P ehsk j?.

gqPB

t~v/ gqPB

gqPB 1H ejkDh dk w[Zy gkso o"Deh s'A u"Xoh o"De wZb fet/A pfDnk <gqPB 2H u"Xoh o"De wZb dh oksK dh BhAd feT[A jokw j' rJh ;h <gqPB 3H u"Xoh o"De wZb B/ nkgDh nzdobh GNeD s'A S[Nekok gkT[D bJh eh e[M ehsk <

52

gqPB 4H ‘fsbu"bh’ ejkDh dk f;ob/y ejkDh ftub/ gkso dh wkBf;esk ƒ fpnkBD ftu feE'AsZe ;jkJh j? <

S'N/ gqPB

j/m fbyhnK N{eK ƒ gVQ e/ j/mK fdZs/ gqPBK d/ T[~so fdT[ L^“d/y HHH o"De wZb HHH eZb ƒ wzrbtko j?. eZb s'A jh v[Zpd/ ;{oi Bkb ehfVnK dh G"D T[~s/fsbu"bh gk e/ nkfJnk eo. ;tk ;kb fsbu"bh g'Adk ojh. fJj p/IpkB ehV/ s?ƒ sko d/Dr/.”gqPB 1H fJBQK N{eK d/ ejkDheko s/ ejkDh dk BK dZ;' <gqPB 2H fJj Ppd fe; B/, fe; ƒ nky/ ns/ feT[A nky/ <gqPB 3H ‘fsbu"bh’ s'A eh Gkt j? <

b/ye pko/ ikDekoh

iBw L fgzv pBG"ok, fIbQk ;zro{o(14H2H1937)

feZsk L f;Zfynk ftGkr gzikp ftu T[~u nfXekoh dh B"eoh ehshgqekPB L ejkDh ;zrqfj^fsbu"bh (1965), wB[Zy dh g?V (1967), ekm dh bZs (1975),

gSkD (1981),po| fbskV/ o[Zy (1994), u'DthnK ejkDhnK^w{B dh nZy (1995),sD gZsD (1998),eEk tkosk (2000), ;w[Zuh ejkDhnK^r'ok pkPk (2004)

;BwkB L ‘w{B dh nZy’ ejkDh^;zrqfj bJh ;kfjs nekdwh, fdZbh tb'A 1998 ftu g[o;ekojk;b ehsk.

;zgoe L 3284$1, ;?eNo 44^ph, uzvhrVQ^160020

53

shih r~br[opuB f;zx G[~bo

(1937)

fszB rZbK B/ dhBk BkE dk fXnkB \k; eoe/ fyZfunk. d' rZbK T[jƒ j?okB^go/PkB eodhnK ;Bns/ shih rZb T[jd/ wB ƒ \[Ph Bkb Go fdzdh ;h.

gfjbh rZb ;h cb?NK dk tk;. fJj fszB^wzIb/ cb?N ;B ns/ T[jd/ GkDi/ ;shP dk cb?Nftuekobk ;h. j/mK e'Jh j'o t;dk ;h ns/ T[~s/ e'Jh j'o. dhBk BkE ƒ fJ; ftuekob/ cb?N dhjkbs wZyDî?w dh T[; sfj torh brdh ;h i' T[jdh ƒj, Gkt ;shP dh gsBh, ;[d/P vpbô'Nhd/ d' N[efVnK ftueko bk e/ BkPs/ ;w/A T[jƒ fdnk eodh ;h.

xo pko/ dhBk BkE gfjb/ fdB'A i' e[M efjzdk^;[Ddk nkfJnk ;h, fJj ;G T[js'A fpbe[b tZyok;h. f;nkD/ efjzd/ jB, pzd/ d/ g?oK j/m uko rI Xosh nkgDh j't/ ns/ f;o T[~s/ uko rI nzponkgDk, c/o T[j fe;/ d/ b?D dk BjhA. Xosh T[~s/ g?o fNe/ j'J/ j[zd/ jB sK nkdwh fvrdk^v'bdkBjhA. fvZrD^v'bD dk vo T[jƒ j[zdk j? ihjd/ g?o jtk ftu j'D. g?oK j/m Xosh j't/ sK nkdwhfit/A vz{xhnK iVK cV b?Adk j? ns/ fpoS tKr tXD^c[ZbD brdk j?. f;o T[~s/ nzpo j't/ sK ebgBkƒ T[~uhnK T[vkohnK bkT[D dh y[ZbQ fwbdh j?. pzd/ d/ ftukoK bJh T[~usk s/ ftPkbsk dh ;zGktBkpDh ofjzdh j?.

fJE/ j/mb/ cb?N tkb/ d/ g?oK j/m Xosh nkgDh ;h sK f;o T[~s/ nzpo nkgDk BjhA ;h. T[sb/cb?N tkb/ d/ f;o T[~s/ nzpo nkgDk ;h sK g?oK j/m Xosh nkgDh BjhA ;h. ftuekob/ cb?N ftuc;/ ;shP dh sK Bk Xosh nkgDh ;h, Bk nzpo nkgDk ;h. fJj sK uzrh fe;ws ;h fe T[jdk cb?Nesko d/ f;o/ T[~s/ ;h ns/ fJ; ftu shi/ gk;/ th fyVeh yZ[bQdh ;h fi; ftu'A E'VQh^pj[s jtk ns/o"PBh nzdo bzx nkT[AdhnK ;B. id'A ;{oi ;Zs x'fVnK tkb/ oE T[s/ ;tko nkgDh :ksok d/ d"okBT[Xo g[idk, fJ; fyVeh ftu'A th X[Zg dh ekso ewo/ ftu nk iKdh. go fyVeh d/ ;ohJ/ T[; eksoƒ N[efVnK ftu tzv fdzd/.

dhBk BkE ƒ n;b j?okBh T[; ;w/A j'Jh id'A T[jƒ gsk bZfrnk fe d;^d;, gzdoK^gzdoK iKfJ; s'A th tZX wzIbK tkb/ cb?N e/tb d|soK bJh jh BjhA pDd/, ;r'A b'eK d/ ofjD bJh thT[;ko/ iKd/ jB. T[jƒ x[ND fijh j'Jh—j/mfbnK ƒ sK T[sfbnK dk nfijk p'M jh wfj;{; j[zdkofjzdk j't/rk fit/A fe;/ d/ f;o T[~s/ fBZe^;[Ze Bkb Gfonk Gkoh N'eok gZe/ s"o T[~s/ jh bZd fdZskfrnk j't/.

T[gob/ cb?NK ftu fJe tko gqt/P eo ikT[, nkb/̂ d[nkb/ Bkb'A ;G Bks/ \sw. g"VhnK tkbk dotkIkpzd ehsk BjhA fe s[jkvh d[BhnK s[jkvh, pkeh ;G e[M nDj'fJnk s/ nDj'Adk.

T[jB/ sK Pfjoh wekBK nZr/ th BhthnK^BhthnK ezXK d/yhnK j'JhnK ;B, fiBQK d/ T[s'A dh r[nKYh

54

d[y^;[y ns/ mZmk^wy"b eo b?Ad/ ;B. fgzvK ftu sK b'e ftjb/ ;w/A xoK nZr/ pD/ u"AsfonK T[s/ p?md/iK ;ZEK ftu s/ p'jVk^fgZgbK j/m o"DeK bkT[Ad/ s/ iK c/o frnkB^fXnkB dh e'Jh rZb ;[DB bJhv/fonK^r[od[nkfonK ftu i[V p?md/.

T[Ai dhBk BkE fJjBK cb?NK dh ekY eZYD tkb/ dh neb ƒ fJ; gZy'A PkpkP fdzdk fe T[jB/d't/A gk;hA tkXo/ oZy fdZs/ ;B. fJjBK ƒ fJE'A d/ b'e pkbe'BhnK efjzd/ ;B.

nrbh pkbe'Bh S'Nh ;h. T[; ftu fJe wzih vkj e/ nkdwh d/ yVQB i'rh EK w;K pudh ;h.go tko/̂ tko/ ikJhJ/ PfjohnK d/, T[j fJ; EK dh tos'A th ewkb dh eod/ ;B. f;nkbK ftui// cb?N dh ;fEsh nB[;ko ;{oi d/tsk dh feogk^fdqPNh j[zdh sK fi; ihn ƒ E'VQh^pj[s ftjb fwbdh,T[j T[E/ p?m e/ X[Zg ;/edk. brGr jo fe;/ B/ fJE/ skoK e;hnK iK gbk;fNe dhnK oZ;hnK pzBQhnKj'JhnK ;B fiBQK T[~s/ X's/ j'J/ frZb/̂ ;[Ze/ eZgV/ jo ;w/A bNed/ ofjzd/. j/mK ;pIh dh iK cbK dho/VQh tkbk j'ek fdzdk sK IBkBhnK fJjBK S'NhnK pkbe'BhnK ftu gj[zu iKdhnK. T[j T[E/ yb'shnKjh o/VQh tkb/ Bkb Gkn dh s'V^s[VkJh eodhnK ns/ oZ;h Bkb pzBQh j'Jh N'eoh j/mK bNek fdzdhnK.N'eoh fyZu e/ T[j ;pIh^cb eZY b?AdhnK ns/ g?;/ gk e/ N'eoh d[pkok bNek fdzdhnK. o/VQh tkb/ ƒs'o e/ T[E/ yb'shnK jh T[j fJe d{ih Bkb rZgK wkoB bZr iKdhnK ns/ BthA yohdh ;kVQh s/ BthAd/yh f|bw dh uouk s'A b? e/ r?o^jkIo r[nKYDK dh fBzfdnkû[rbh se dk g?Avk wko e/ fdB^GobJh ;zs[PN j' iKdhnK.

fgSb/ gk;/ tkbh pkbe'Bh e[M y[ZbQh ;h. p; fJE/ yb' e/ jh pzd/ ƒ Xosh ns/ nzpo dhnK nkgD/fjZ;/ dhnK eksoK fd;dhnK ;B.

dhBk BkE ƒ fJj rZb th j?okB eodh fe fiBQK dh SZs nkgDh ;h, T[j th rowhnK ftu SZsT[~s/ BjhA ;B ;"Ad/. ;G fpibh d/ gZfynK d/ nkdh ;B fiBQK dh jtk nkgD/ tZb d/ nZX/ ;oho ƒ;goPdh ofjzdh s/ Ujb/ ofj frnk nZXk ;oho w[VQe/ Bkb fGZfink ofjzdk. T[j ;'udk, eh fJjBKb'eK B/ edh g{ok nk;wkB d/fynk j't/rk < ;koh Xosh T[~s/ uzd'J/ tKr sfDnk j'fJnk, egkj d/c[ZNK tKr fyV/ skfonK Bkb Gfonk j'fJnk < ;[uZih w[fNnko dh eZYh j'Jh c[bekoh tork skfonK^Gfonk nzpo fi; d/ Xo{ Grs, p'V/ y{jK, fszrVK, ;gs^foPhnK, SfVnK d/ okjK nkfd dhnK eEkêjkDhnK wktK^dkdhnK s'A ;[D/ fpBK fBnkfDnK ƒ BhAd BjhA ;h nkT[Adh. fJE/ sK fizBk e[ N'Nknzpo fd;dk ;h, T[jd/ sko/ th ihtB Bkb XVed/ j'D dh EK ;kj d/ o'rh j' rJ/ fd;d/ ;B. s/ id'Ab'e xo'A pkjo th fBebd/ ;B, fe;/ ƒ Xosh iK nzpo tZb d/yD dh ftjb iK fJZSk jh BjhA;h j[zdh. i/ e'Jh d/y th bt/, Xosh ƒ rzd/ gkDh dhnK Go e/ T[SbdhnK BkbhnK, e{V/̂ euo/ d/Y/oK s/ N[ZNhnK ;VeK B/ eZfink j'fJnk ;h ns/ nzpo dk ;EkB X{V^X{zJ/A dh w'Nh sfj B/ b? fbnkj'fJnk ;h.

dhBk BkE w'ebh Xosh ns/ y[ZbQ/ nzpo d/ doPBK dk nkdh ;h. T[jd/ xo dk ftjVk ns/ T[;ftu'A fd;dk nzpo nkgD/ nkg ftu jh y[ZbQ/ ;B. go id'A T[j xo'A pkjo fBebdk, ftPkb Xosh T[jd/u[c/o/ ftSh j'Jh j[zdh ns/ nEkj nzpo T[jd/ f;o T[~s/ c?fbnk j'fJnk j[zdk. T[jdh BIo T[o/ ofjiKdh ns/ Xosh^nzpo dk g;kok nZr/ bzx iKdk. j[D T[jd/ wB ftu ;tkb ikrdk, fes/ pzd/ d/ fdb

55

d/ y[Zbk iK szr j'D dk ;zpzX T[jƒ o'Iô'I fd;d/ Xosh^nzpo d/ y[ZbQ/ iK szr j'D Bkb sK BjhA <fit/A d' fJe' fij/ phnK ftu'A fJe Bkb rwb/ ftu g?dk j'fJnk p{Nk d{i/ Bkb Xosh ftu T[r/p{N/ dk gk;e th BjhA j[zdk, T[t/A jh ns'bthA Xosh s/ nfwDt/A nzpo ftueko ftr;D tkfbnK d/fdbK dh oh; Xosh s/ nzpo ƒ c[ZNK^rIK ftu fwDB tkb/ b'e th BjhA ;B eo ;ed/. T[jƒ o/vhUT[~s/ ;[Dh j'Jh fe;/ dh fjzdh eftsk :kd nk rJh L “w/o/ ewo/ dh fyVeh ’u'A, fd;dk j? gzic[ZN nkekP `”

T[jƒ j?okB^gq/PkB eoB tkbh d{ih rZb ;h fgSbh esko d/ j/mb/ cb?N tkb/ jhok bkb dh fJenihp nkds. cb?NK dhnK fJjBK d'tK eskoK d/ fgSb/ gk;/ fJe d{i/ tZb brd/ ;B. ftueko fJeszr gZeh rbh ;h fi; ƒ ;oft; b/B nkyd/ ;B ns/ i' fwjsokBh tr?ok d/ nkT[DîkD bJh ;h.pkbe'Bh ftu'A dhBk BkE dh BIo ukj[zfdnK, Bkûkj[zfdnK jhok bkb d/ xo T[~s/ g? iKdh. E'VQ/ fij/\kbh EK s'A gko cb?NK dh fJe N/Yh esko ;h. T[jd/ e'B/ tkb/ j/mb/ cb?N ftu fe;/ B/ fJe ewo/ftu d[ekB y'bQh j'Jh ;h. jhok bkb ;t/o/̂ ;t/o/ eko ftu p?mdk ns/ T[; d[ekB sZe iKdk. d[ekBdkoekT{ANo d/ fgZS'A nk e/ T[jƒ eko ftu p?m/ ƒ f;roNK dh vZph cVk fdzdk s/ g?;/ cV b?Adk. jhokbkb eko ƒ g[m^g?ohA ubk e/ nkgD/ p{j/ nZr/ fbnk yVQh eodk.

b'e wz{j^jB/o/ bzwhnK ;?oK eod/ ;B. fdB ƒ ezw^XzfdnK ftu bzw/̂ bzw/ gzX wkod/ ;B. s/ fJjnkdwh ;h fe d; rI dh d{oh s'A eko ftu f;roN yohdD iKdk ;h. go nfijk B\ok eoB tkbkjhok bkb fJeZbk jh BjhA ;h. j'o fe;/ ƒ th d; rI d{o ikD dh b'V g?Adh, T[j ;e{No ƒ feZeKwkoB brdk. j'o sK j'o, T[jd/ GkDi/ ;shP B/ th fezBk jh B/V/ ikDk jz[dk, j/mK g"VhnK d/ w[ZY yb'sk;e{No eZY b?Adk. nrb/ ;Nkg sZe ikD tkb/ b'e p; dh T[vhe ftu T[; Bkb'A eJh r[Dk tZX ;wKyb's/ T[pk;hnK b?Ad/ ofjzd/, fizBk ;wK T[jBK ƒ T[E'A se g?db ikD ftu bZrDk ;h. T[; fdB sK T[jB/fJ; tosko/ dh jZd jh d/y bJh fi; fdB B/Vb/ S'N/ gkoe dh EK fe;/ tZv/ gkoe ftu ;?o eoBdh fJZSk Bkb T[j ;shP s'A okj g[ZS e/ T[E/ g[Zfink. gkoe d/ pkjo ekoK^;e{NoK dh nEkj GhV;h. gsk bZfrnk fe b'e fJjBK T[~s/ ;tko j' e/ ;?o eoB nkJ/ j'J/ jB.

dhBk BkE ns/ e[M j'o nfXnkgeK dk f;Zfynk ftGkr Bkb pekJ/ dk MrVk ;h ns/ T[j wkwbk;[gohw e'oN sZe b? nkJ/ ;B. pkeh ;ko/ oks dh rZvh tkg; j' rJ/ ;B go T[j gfjbK jhxo/ ehsh ;bkj nB[;ko GkDi/ ƒ fwbD nk frnk ;h. ;shP ns/ ;[d/P T[jd/ nkT[D T[s/ fdb'A \[P;B. T[j nkyd/ ;B, “nkokw Bkb wjhBk d' wjhB/ oj'. xo efj sK nkJ/ jh j', c/o th fuZmh gkfdzd/ jK.” g'sk^g'sh id'A xo j[zd/, dkdk ih^dkdk ih eod/ T[jƒ o[MkJh oyd/. s/ id'A T[j BQk^X'e/, todh gk e/, fsnko j' e/ ;e{b iKd/, dhBk BkE ƒ pj[s fgnko/ brd/. T[j T[jBK d/ wZE/ u[zwdks/ n;h;K fdzdk.

fJj' shih rZb ;h fi; ;dek dhBk BkE dk fdb fyV iKdk. g's/̂ g'sh dk ;e{b ikDk jh BjhA,;r'A gVQB iKd/ pZfunK dhnK N'bhnK dhnK N'bhnK dk BIkok T[jd/ ;hB/ mzY gk fdzdk.

;/tk w[es j' e/ th dhBk BkE B/ vz{x/ ;t/o/ T[~mD dh nkgDh nkds SZvh BjhA ;h. uzrh rZbfJj j'Jh fe fJE/ th ;[tys/ T[~mD Bkb T[jƒ NZpo dh BhAd ftu ftxB g?D dk vo BjhA ;h.

56

;[d/P T[js'A th gfjbk T[~m yb'Adh ;h. T[jB/ ;shP ƒ d|so ns/ pZfunK ƒ ;e{b G/iDk j[zdk ;h.dhBk BkE wz{j X'Adk, e[obh eodk, nZyK ftu mzY/ gkDh d/ fSZN/ wkodk ns/ e[M d{o pD/ j'J/ gkoeftu ;?o bJh fBeb iKdk. id'A T[jƒ brdk fe T[jd/ g?oK B/ UBhA tkN eo bJh j't/rh fizBh T[jBfjo dh gNVh^gNVh ik e/ eo nkT[Adk ;h, T[j tkg; s[o g?Adk.

pkbe'Bh ftu p?m e/ dhBk BkE ukj ghD brdk sK fgZmK fgZS/ p;s/ bNekJhA pZu/ xoK s'A fBebg?Ad/. BQks/̂ X's/, ;e{bh todhnK ftu ;i/̂ ;zto/ w[zv/̂ e[Vhnk T[jdhnK nZyK ftu mzY gk fdzd/.

dhBk BkE ƒ ;koh T[wo fJe M'ok fojk ;h fe T[j fJZSk nB[;ko T[~uh skbhw gokgs BjhA ;heo ;fenk. xo dh jkbs dh wzr ;h fe T[j w?Nfoe eo e/ nfXnkge bZr frnk. gzikph GkPkd/ nfXnkge dk UHNhH e'o; th T[jB/ wro'A B"eoh eofdnK jh ehsk ;h. ;Bd T[; e'b w?Nfoe dhjh ofj rJh ;h. T[; fgZS'A T[j i' e[M th gfVQnk ;h, nkgDh brB ;dek jh gfVQnk ;h. T[j ftfdnkƒ shik B/so wzBD tkfbnK ftu'A ;h. nkgD/ ;ko/ nfXnkgBêkb d"okB T[jdk isB fojk fe T[jd/tZX s'A tZX ftfdnkoEhnK dk fJj shik B/so ikrfos j' ;e/. e/tb T[jd/ ftfdnkoEhnK ƒ jh BjhA,ftfdnk dk shik B/so sK ;G ƒ gokgs j''Dk ukjhdk j?. go T[; ;w/A pj[s/ fgzvK ftu sK ;e{b jhBjhA ;B. e[VhnK ƒ gVQkT[D dk sK ni/ fotki th BjhA ;h fgnk. frDsh d/ fijV/ w[zv/ fgzvK ftu'AgqkfJwoh gk; eoe/ PfjoK d/ ;e{bK ftu dk\b j' iKd/, fJe^fJe eoe/ feod/ ofjzd/. e'Jh eowKtkbk jh d;thA s'A gko j[zdk.

T[jƒ nkgDk iwksh w[ezd :kd nkfJnk. i/ ;e{b dk ezw Bk ehsk j[zdk, T[j fJXo^T[Xo G"Adkofjzdk. iK Bfjo d/ feBko/ ;"A iKdk. d[gfjo Ybh s'A T[j g'D/ ftu pzBQh j'Jh u{oh yKdk ns/ ;e{b'AgVQ e/ nkfJnK tKr pkeh w[zfvnK d/ Bkb jh xo gj[zu iKdk. j"bh^j"bh nfij/ fdBK dh frDsh tXdhrJh ns/ ;e{b ikD d/ fdB xNd/ rJ/. nk\o BK eZfNnk frnk. T[j xofdnK dh e[M fdBK dh x{o^xZgs/ fcZN^bkjBs wro'A gVQkJh d/ fJ; izikb s'A w[es j' frnk go wro'A g{ok ihtB rohph d/ jB/o/ftu GNedk fojk ns/ yz[MkJ/ j'J/ w"e/ ƒ gSskT[Adk fojk.

pkbe'Bh ftu p?fmnK jo pZu/ ƒ ;e{b iKdk d/y e/ T[jƒ nkgDh ohM g{oh j' ojh wfj;{; j[zdh.T[j nkgD/ t/b/ ;e{b ftu fwb/ pZfunK ƒ gVQkT[D sZe jh ;hws BjhA ;h fojk, T[j j'o b'eK ƒgq/odk th ;h fe pZfunK ƒ ;e{b G/iD.

nkgD/ fgzv^tk;hnK ƒ ;e{b T[;koB bJh gq/oB tkbk dhBk BkE jh ;h. s/ c/o ;e{b y[bQtkT[DbJh ;oekoh d|soK dh \ke th ;G s'A tZX T[;/ B/ jh SkDh ;h. go ;e{b j'D d/ pkti{d T[E/ pZfunKdh gVQkJh d/ okj ftu ni/ th nB/e o[ektNK ;B. fJjBK cb?NK dk fJe th pZuk nfijk BjhA ;hi' ;e{b Bk iKdk j't/. dhBk BkE wB dhnK nZyK Bkb d/ydk fe ;o;tsh nkgD/ jZEhA w'o^yzG BkbfJjBK pZfunK d/ w;seK T[~s/ shik B/so T[bhe ojh j?.

go jhok bkb d/ ;Zs^nZm ;kb d/ w[zv/ d/ bZSD T[jƒ w[ezd d/ ftfdnkoEhîhtB dk u/sk eotkfdzd/. T[j sK fit/A w;se T[~s/ shik B/so T[bheD dk isB eo ojh ;o;tsh dk jZE goQK MNe fojk;h. ;e{b'A gos e/ T[j p;sk ;[ZNdk ns/ eZgV/ pdb/ fpBk jh r/Ad^pZbk b? e/ xo Bkb brd/ S'N/fij/ w?dkB ftu fBeb iKdk, T[;/ w?dkB ftu fi; ftu'A dh eko fbik e/ jo ;t/o T[jdk fgsk f;roNK

57

yohdD iKdk ;h. T[;/ tor/ e[M w[zv/ j'o nk i[Vd/. c/o y/v dh uZb ;' uZb j[zdh. T[jdh wK e[Myk^gh b?D bJh ntkIK wkodh ofjzdh. go T[j e'Jh fXnkB Bk fdzdk. wK T[jƒ x{o^xZg e/ ezX T[s'Adh ;/p iK e/bk cVk fdzdh. T[j fJe^nZX p[oeh Godk ns/ pkeh trkj e/ ;[NfdnK o"bk gkT[Ad/ w[zfvnKftu ik obdk. fgSb/ gfjo fJe nfXnkge fNT{PB gVQkT[D bJh nkT[Adk. T[j nDwzB/ fij/ wB Bkbxo gosdk, ftjV/ ftu nfXnkge e'b p?mdk ns/ T[jd/ iKfdnK jh feskpK ;[ZN e/ xo'A GZi iKdk.

dhBk BkE fJ; w[zv/ tZb d/y e/ d[yh j[zdk ns/ T[jd/ \okp j'D dk ekoB ;[y^;kXBK dh pj[bskƒ ;wMdk.

d{o'A, pkbe'Bh ftu'A th jhok bkb d/ xo dk ibîb"n T[; s'A b[fenk BjhA ;h. ftjV/ ftu \{p;{osgZEo bfrnk j'fJnk ;h. fyVeh ftu'A ;fink^Xfink ns/ Gfonk^Ge[zfBnk o;'Jh dk nzdo fd;dk;h. u"V/ dotki/ ftu'A vokfJzrô{w d/ wfjzr/ rbhu/ ns/ ;'|/ dh Mbe fd; iKdh ;h. fiBQK ƒ ;j{bsKgokgs BjhA j[zdhnK, T[j so;d/ ofjzd/ jB fe i/ gokgs j[zdhnK sK T[j eh dk eh b?Ad/. go fJjw[zvk ;G ;[y^;j{bsK d/ jz[fdnK fJ; fszB^B/so/ i[Zr ftu d'̂ B/sok ofjD d/ g[Zm/ okj fgnk j'fJnk;h. nkfdî[rkfd s'A nBgVQK tb'A ehs/ iKd/ oj/ y/shpkVh tor/ ezw th j[D sK gfVQnK^fbfynKd/ eoB i'r/ j' rJ/ ;B. dhBk BkE ;'udk, fJj w[zvk nBgVQ ofj e/ fgT[ tkbk Pfjoh ezw^Xzdkfet/A ;KG/rk <

dhBk BkE dk fdb eodk, T[j jhok bkb d/ w[zv/ Bkb y/vd/ ;ko/ pZfunK d/ EK^fNekD/ g[ZS/ ns/T[jBK ƒ ;wMkT[D bJh T[jBK d/ xohA ikt/. go fJE'A d/ ;KM s'A ;ZyD/ wkj"b tZb d/yfdnK T[; dkj"A;bk Bk g?Adk. sK th T[j jhok bkb d/ xo sK ik jh ;edk ;h. fit/A T[j T[jBK ƒ ftjV/ ftus[ofdnK^fcofdnK d/ydk ofjzdk j?, T[jBK B/ th sK T[jƒ pkbe'Bh ftu p?fmnK^yb'fsnK d/fynk jhj?. ikD^gSkD dh fJ; pohe fijh szd d/ ;jko/ th T[jBK d/ xo gj[zuDk T[jƒ e'Jh pj[s n"yk BjhA;h brdk. go ;shP ns/ ;[d/P s'A T[j fMie fijk iKdk. eh efjDr/ T[j—wkwk ih fpBK wsbpjh d{finK d/ xo s[o/ fcod/ B/ `

fJe fdB dhBk BkE dh ;wZf;nk nkgD/ nkg jZb j' rJh. jhok bkb dh xotkbh T[jBK d/ xonk rJh. T[j ;[d/P d/ fe;/ ;{N dh d{o'A d/yh eYkJh B/fVUA d/yD ns/ fJj g[ZSD nkJh ;h fe T[jB/fJj eotkJh feE'A ;h. dhBk BkE B/ sK pkbe'Bh ftu'A jh T[jƒ ftjV/ ftu fcodh ƒ d/fynk ;h.T[j T[jƒ gSkD Bk ;fenk. T[jB/ ;[d/P Bkb ewo/ ftu iKfdnK Bw;s/ Io{o p[bk fdZsh ;h.;[d/P B/ d'tK dh ikD^gSkD eotkJh sK bePwh p'bh, “w?A sK fJjBK ƒ fJE/ pkbe'Bh ftu p?mfdnK^T[mfdnK d/ydh jh ofjzdh jK.”

T[j ewo/ nzdo ik p?mhnK sK dhBk BkE frDshnK^fwDshnK ftu g? frnk. T[j ;'u fojk ;hfe pkjo nkJh bePwh ƒ T[jd/ g[Zso pko/ rZb fe; Yzr Bkb ns/ feBQK PpdK ftu ej/.

;{N dh eYkJh dh gZ[S^dZ; w[Ze rJh ikgdh ;h. T[j d't/A j'o rZbK eoB bZr gJhnK ;B. j[D;[d/P ukj ghD bJh I'o gk ojh ;h. bePwh UB/ jh I'o Bkb fJBeko eo ojh ;h. T[j j[D/ jhukj gh e/ nkJh j'D dhnK ;j[znK yk ojh ;h.

“eke/ dh gVQkJh dk eh jkb j? <” ;[d/P B/ rZb ƒ ukj s'A bKG/ fbikD bJh g[ZfSnk.

58

“G?D ih, eh dZ;K ` wz{j fejVk eod? feskpK tZb. fiT[A p;sk ;[ZN e/ xo'A fBebd?, ntkIK wko^wko EZe ikJhd?.” T[jd/ Ppd fPekfJs tkb/ ;B, go ;[o fPekfJs tkbh BjhA ;h, bkgotkjh tkbh ;h.

dhBk BkE dk fdb rZb ftu d\b d/D ƒ th eo fojk ;h, go T[j fMie th fojk ;h.“cV e/ fpmkfJnk eo' T[jƒ. j[D nebK fpBk r[Iko/ BjhA. nBgVQK ƒ J/; IwkB/ ftu Y'Jh

feZE/ `” ;[d/P ;bkj d/ ojh ;h.“nebK fpBK sK r[Ikok BjhA, go T[j t/b/ sK rJ/, G?D ih, id'A b'e efjzd/ ;h, neb s'A fpBK

j'o ;G e[M yohfdnk ik ;ed?. j[D sK neb th rbh^rbh ftedh n?. nkgDh Bk j't/, pzdk yohdbt/”, bePwh pVh ;fjisk Bkb rZb eo ojh ;h. “n"j s[jkv/ j/mfbnK d/ w[zv/ ƒ jh d/y bU. wo^woe/ fJzihBhnoh ehsh s/ B"eoh eodk n? fJe nBgVQ m/e/dko e'b `”

;[d/P ;'uD bZrh fe T[jdhnK fJjBK p/EtQhnK rZbK dk eh T[~so d/t/. d//t/ th fe Bk jh d/t/.J/B/A ƒ bePwh B/ rZb dh nrbh eVh cV bJh, “;kv/ tkfbnK dh G{nk dk g[Zs, G?D ih, fvrd/̂ Yfjzd/B/ w;K d;thA gk; ehsh. gVQkJh s'A fpBK T[Ai j[fPnko pVk n? s/ g?;/ dh th ;[Zy Bkb e'Jh E'VBjhA. j[D cohdkpkd nkgDk Bof;zr j'w pDkfJnk n?, n?Bk tXhnk fe s[jkƒ eh dZ;K. uzr/̂ uzr/ vkeNoT[jB/ B"eo oZy/ j'J/ B/.”

dhBk BkE dh ;fjisk v'bD bZrh. T[jƒ ;[d/P dh u[Zg u[G ojh ;h. ;[d/P ƒ th bZfrnk, T[jd/u[Zg ofjD ƒ bePwh T[jdh jko pDk e/ g/P eodh fco/rh. T[jB/ nkgDh rZb T[~s/ I'o fdZsk, “s[jkvhnKfJj ;G rZbK nkgDh EK mhe B/. go nkgDh neb sK, G?D ih, nkgDh jh j[zdh n?. ftfdnk ƒf;nkfDnK B/ shik B/so n?t/A sK BjhA fejk `”

bePwh jZ; gJh, “J/; shi/ B/so ƒ sK, G?D w/ohJ/, J/; IwkB/ ftu fd;dk jh e[S BjhA. ;'bK^;'bKgVQ/ ezXKê'fbnK Bkb tid/ fcod/ B/. j[D sK shik B/so g?;k j? `”

bePwh B/ sK ;[d/P d/ Bkb^Bkb fit/A dhBk BkE ƒ th fJe nfij/ e"V/ ;Zu d/ doPB eotk fdZs/j'D fi; pko/ ikDfdnK j'fJnK th T[j edh ;[u/s BjhA ;h j'fJnk.

\[Ph d/D tkbh shih rZb j[D T[jƒ gfjbhnK d'tK rZbK Bkb'A th tZX j?okB^go/PkB eoB bZrh.

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

ekso—esoh j'Jh bho l T[;ko/—fsnko ehs/ ikDk l nDj'fJnk—Bk j'fJnK tork l u"Asfonk—EVQk l g?Avk^wkoe/—;|o s?n eoBk l c[bekoh—e;hd/ Bkb p;so T[~s/ eZYhnK c[Zb gZshnK lnfwDt/A—fiBQK ƒ fwfDnk Bk ik ;e/ l ftr;D—tXDk c[bDk l tkN eoBk—o;sk s?n eoBk l M'ok—gSsktk l feod/ ofjDk—xZN j'Jh ikDk l ;o;tsh—frnkB dh d/th l p/EthnK—noEjhD rZbK.

;kfjse fN~gDh

‘shih rZb’ ejkDh ftu g/Av{ s/ wjKBroh b'eK dh ihtB P?bh ƒ s[bBkswe s/ ftnzrkswe YzrBkb g/P ehsk j?. ejkDh d/ nzs T[gozs fJj rZb T[~Go e/ ;kjwD/ nkT[Adh j? fe wjKBroh pzdk ;ZuhnK;[ZuhnK edoKêhwsK s'A N[ZNdk ik fojk j? ns/ Bt/A d"o ftu ftfdnk dh EK g?;k jh shik B/so pDe/ ofj frnk j?.

59

gqPB

t~v/ gqPB

gqPB 1H ‘shih rZb’ ejkDh ftu b/ye feBQK fszB rZbK dk jtkbk fdzdk j? <gqPB 2H cb?NK ftu ofjD tkb/ b'eK dh ihtB^P?bh ’s/ fNZgDh eo'.gqPB 3H dhBk BkE Pfjoh ihtB ftubh fejVh rZb ’s/ ftP/P \[P j[zdk j? go S/sh jh T[; dk

Gow fet/A NZ[Ndk j? <gqPB 4H ejkDheko Pfjoh ns/ g/Av{ ihtB dh s[bBk, feBQK ftukoK d/ nkXko ’s/ eodk j? <

S'N/ gqPB

j/m fbyhnK N{eK ƒ gVQ e/ fdZs/ gqPBK d/ T[~so fdT[ L^“G?D ih, eh d;K ` wz{j fejVk eod? feskpK tZb. fiT[A p;sk ;[ZN e/ xo'A fBebd?, ntkIK wko^wkoEZe ikJhJ/.”gqPB 1H T[go'es N{eK fejVh ejkDh ftZu'A bJhnK rJhnK jB < fJ; d/ ejkDheko e"D jB <gqPB 2H fJBQK N{eK ftZu fejVh go/PkBh tZb fJPkok ehsk frnk j? <

b/ye pko/ ikDekoh

iBw L fgzv fgE', fIbQk pfmzvk(18H3H1937)

feZsk L gZsoekoh ^ o{; dh nzp?;h ftu e[M ;w/A ps"o gZsoeko oj/gqekPB L ejkDh ;zrqfj ^ Ugok wod (1969),

;{j/ c[Zb (1970),tysK wko/ (1975),w?A riBth BjhA (1985),dht/ tKr pbdh nZy (1986),u'DthnK ejkDhnK ^nrBh ebP (2000),fszB w{oshnK tkbk wzdo (2001),pkoK ozr (2002)

;BwkB L ‘nrBh ebP’ T[s/ 2005 ftu ;kfjs nekdwh, fdZbh tb'A ;BwkB gqkgs j'fJnk.;zgoe L n?~B vh^50, ftPkyk fJBeb/t, ghsw g[ok, fdZbh^110034

60

tfjzrhuzdB B/rh(1937)

Pfjo d/ tZv/ u"Ae ƒ gko eod/ jh b'eK dh GhV fJeZmh j?. GhV d/ ftueko fJe pI[or nkdwhbzwk fgnk j? s/ b'e wiw/ dh soQK T[; d/ d[nkb/ fJeZm/ jB fit/A T[j e'Jh wdkoh j't/. wdkoh fi;d/ jZE'A v[rv[rh fvZr gJh j't/. v[rv[rh tiKdk, eosp ftykT[Adk T[j EZe jko frnk j'J/ iK fJey/v j'o dZ;D brk j'J/ L “fwjopkB' HHH edodkB' ` j[D t/y', w?A s[jkƒ wo e/ th d;dk jK HHH tikT[skVh, bT[, w?A woB bZrk i/.”

b'eK dh GhV ftu jbub th wZuh j?. soQK soQK dhnK ntkIK jB. “e"D j? <”“wo frnk j? PkfJd <”“BjhA, e'Jh BPJh j? HHH Pokphêpkph, j|hwuh.”tZy'̂ tZy ntkIK, nZv'̂ nZvo/ f\nkb, go fJj j? e"D < fe;h gSkfDnk Bk, fe;h nr/ j' e/

t/fynk Bk. t/y/ th e"D < jo e'Jh g[bh; s'A vodk j?. e"D gJ/ fJ; ybirD ftu s/ e"D G[rs/o'I g/PhnK <

b'eK d/ XZe^w^XZe/ Bkb w?A th nr/ gj[zu frnk. bzw/ gJ/ nkdwh d/ f;o e'b w/o/ edw o[erJ/. T[; d/ fujo/ tZb t/yd/ jh w/o/ g?oK j/m'A Xosh fy;e rJh, nZyK gZEok rJhnK, ezBk ftu b'eKdhnK rZbK ns/ fenkf|nK dk T[pbdk s/b g?Adk fojk. nZyK ftu'A gob^gob nZEo{ rbQK d/ d[gk;hAXkoK pD trd/ oj/. w?A d'j/A pkjtK T[~uh u[Ze uhfenk, “T[J/, fJj e'Jh Pokphêpkph BjhA, fJj sK;[szsosk ;?BkBh d/; oki f;zx B/ HHH n;hA fJjBK b'eK dhnK jh e[opkBhnK ns/ xkbK T[~s/ nkIkdhdk wjZb T[;kfonk ;h^. d/P nkIkd j'fJnk HHH n;hA nkIkd f|Ik HHH nkIkd jtk ftu fiT{D brgJ/ HHH j[D fJjBK dh gSkD dh th eh Io{os BjhA HHH < ezp\s' ` fJjBK dh ;/tk HHH e[opkBh s[;hAeh ikD' HHH < fJj w/o/ wk;V ih B/ HHH.”

w?A o'Ad/ uhed/ T[jBK dk f;o nkgDh r'dh ftu Xo fbnk.e[M ;[fjod b'e B/V/ nkJ/. d/; oki f;zx ƒ j;gskb gjz[ukfJnk. gqkD^gzy/o{ sK xzNk gfjbK

jh T[~v u[e/ ;B.

! ! !d/; oki f;zx w/o/ wk;V ih ;B. nkIkdh d/ dhtkB/, f;ZX/̂ ;kd/, Poh|, ;zs^;[Gkn, Bk tZb^Bk

SZb. w?A pugB s'A jh ;[Ddk fojk ;K fe id'A d/P dh nkIkdh bJh id'̂ ifjd ;h, id'A pZu/̂ pZu/dh IpkB—;tszsqsk ;kvk iBw f;X nfXeko j?” oNdh ;h sK nzro/I ;oeko }[bkw w[be d/tk;hnK ƒ soQK^soQK d/ s;hj/ d/Adh ;h. T[d'A d/; oki wk;V ih B/ d'̂ fszB tkoh d'̂ d' toQ/ i/bQ dh;Ik eNh ;h.

61

;qH Grs f;zx, oki r[o{, uzdo P/\o dh cK;h s'A pknd sK b'e ikBK tkoB bJh wstkb/ j' rJ/;B. d/; oki wk;V ih B/ u"Eh tkoh fgPkto ;?ANob i/bQ ftu S/ wjhB/ dh pkw[PZes e?d eNh ;h.T[jd'A fgPkto ;?ANob i/bQ ftu pj[s/ f;Zy ;tszsqsk ;?BkBh e?d ;B. nkIkdh d/ dhtkB/, d/P dh fwZNhs'A fizdK tkoB tkb/, ;ko/ jh fBsB/wh, nzfwqs t/b/ fJPBkB, gkm, g{ik, ehosB, nodk; “s/o/ GkD/;ops dk Gbk” s' A pknd id'A T[j fJeZm/ j' e/ “ozr d/ p;zsh u'bk^w/ok ozr d/” rkT[Ad/ s/ i/bQ dhnKezXK th rz{iD brdhnK.

T[jd'A jh wk;V ih f;zx ;i e/ ‘d/; oki f;zx’ pD rJ/. g{oB r[of;Zy, nzfwqsXkoh. fBsB/w,r[od[nkok, xo ns/ d[ekB, fJ;h r/V ftu ubdh ik ojh ;h T[jBK dh fIzdrh.

wk;h s/ wk;V ih jo n?stko fgPkto GkJh i'rk f;zx d/ r[od[nko/ d/ pkjo pDh y{jh d/ ibBkb fJPBkB eod/ ;B. ftPtk; ;h, fJZE/ fJPBkB eoB Bkb d[Zy eb/PK, phwkohnK dk Bk; j' iKdkj?. ;[yDk g{ohnK j' iKdhnK jB. fco T[j pkpk ;qhuzd dh Xow;kb th iKd/ ;B. X{D/ dh fGp{shnkgD/ wZE/ brk ;[yDk ;[yd/, wzBsK wzBd/ ;B.

eJh tkoh ‘gzi shoEh’ th iKd/. fJ; EK mzv/, fwZm/ gkDh d/ gzi uPw/ B/V/ B/V/ trd/ ;B. eEB;h fe pDtk; ;w/A gzi gKvt fJ; irQk (fgPkto) eJh toQ/ oj/ ;B. fJE/ gqkuhB wzdo th j?. wk;hih th T[~E/ wzBs jh wzBD iKd/ ;B.

wk;h ih dk gfjb gb/mh dk g[Zso d' fdBK dk j' e/ wo frnk ;h. wk;h ih dh ;Z; B/ pZu/ d/;'r ftu ;kb Go e"o/ yk;/ dk w?bk d[gZNk ehsh ofynk. ;kb Go p{fjUA g?o pkjo Bk eZfYnk, ezwekos'A ftjbh j' d' fdBK d/ pkb ƒ :kd eo t?D eodh ofjzdh ;h. fco T[s'̂ fVsh wk;h d/ gzi e[VhnKizwhnK sK wk;h th w[zv/ bJh wzBsK wzBdh, ;[yDk ;[ydh ofjzdh ;h.

w?ƒ wk;h ih d/ xo ikDk pj[s uzrk brdk ;h. T[jBK dh shih e[Vh w/o/ jkD dh ;h. wk;hdh S/Vd/ ;B, “sz{ w[zfvnK Bkb feT[A BjhA y/vdk HHH e[VhnK dh r[Zs dk goKdk pDh fcod?A HHH ezieKBkb b'AeVk HHH”, s/ w?A jZ; e/ wk;h d/ xo dh S/thA SZs dh wzwFNh T[~s/ uVQ iKdk ;K. wk;h d/ xodh wzwFNh s'A ;kok Pfjo fd;dk ;h s/ fgStkV/ d{o j/mK w[;bwkBK d/ xo ;B. ;t/o^Pkw T[j ep{soT[vKd/. ep{so, wk;h d/ xo dh wzwFNh e'b T[vd/ w?ƒ pV/ uzr/ brd/ ;B. w?A j?okB gq/PkB yb'sk ;'udkfe ;hNh dh nktkI s/ eZgV/ d/ ;ze/sK ƒ fJj G'b/ Gkb/ gzSh fet/A ;wMd/ jB < w/ok pkb wB e[M;wM Bk ;edk.

wk;h ih dhnK nodk;K ;[DhnK rJhnK. gzi e[VhnK s'A pkd wk;h ih dk g[Zso izfwnk sK T[jfit/A s\s^J/̂ skT{; T[~s/ p?m rJh.

jkbhA sK w[zv/ dhnK ;kohnK ;[yDk g{ohnK th BjhA ;h ehshnK fe w[be ftu j|Vk^d|VhwZu rJh. GoktK tKr ofjzd/ b'eK B/ uke{, feqgkBK, pzd{eK u[Ze bJhnK. Xosh tzvh rJh, fJe fjZ;kw[;bwkB fJe fjZ;k fjzd{. nkIkdh dh id'̂ ifjd eod/ sK fe;h Xow pko/ BjhA ;h ;'funk ;ko/fJeZm/ ;B. Xosh dk th wIjp pdfbnk. b'eK B/ sK }?oK s'A nkIkdh wzrh ;h. d/; oki f;zx thfJj' jh ;'ud/ oj/ efjzd/ oj/, “Xosh sK wK j?, Xosh fet/A pdbh iKdh J/ HHH < xo^pko SZve'Jh feZE/ ik ;edk j? < ghVQhnK^do^ghVQhnK t;d/ b'e, Go/ GokJ/ xo, eko'pko, Pfjo, d/P, rbhnK,

62

nkgD/ b'e^nkgD/ d'';s fet/A gokJ/ j' rJ/ B/ < ;G e[M SZv e/ ikDk th feZE/ j? HHH < Bk e'JhfNekDk Bk nk;ok ` xo'A p/xo j'D bJh sK nkIkdh BjhA ;h wzrh, e[opkBhnK BjhA ;h fdZshnK”,go e"D ;[Ddk ;h T[jBK dh rZb < ;ko/ Pfjo ftu sK nZr bZrh j'Jh ;h, b[ZN^wko wuh j'Jh ;h.Xosh bj{ Bkb bkb j' rJh. d/; oki f;zx ƒ th r[nKYh gmkD B/ nkgDh d[ekB ftu S[gkfbnk ;h. s\fsnK dhnK ftEK ftu'A T[jBK nkgDh d[ekB b[NhAdh nkg t/yd/ ;'funk ;h, ‘fJj fej'fijh nkIkdh J/ <’

T[;h gmkD r[nKYh B/ nZXh okshA T[jBK dk p{jk nk yVekfJnk ;h, “fJE'A fBeb ik ;odkok HHHfBZek fBZek NZpo NQho J/ s/ok HHH T[~m u[Ze i' u[Ze ;eB? HHH cozNhno w/b ƒ jkbhA d' xzN/ pkehB HHH ub sƒ N/PB S'V nktK HHH.”

j|Vk^d|Vh ftu eh u[ed/ xo'A < wk;h B/ rfjfDnK dh g'Nbh fYZv Bkb pzBQ bJh. wk;h sKt?;/ th fBYkb ;h. g[ZsoK dh i'Vh bJh T[; nodk;K ehshnK ;B HHH s/ j[D g{o/ fdB HHH fJ; jkbsftu HHH fBZehnK fBZehnK gzi pZuhnK, e[ZSV w[zvk feE/ ikD <

T[j r[ioKtkb/ e?Ag ftu gj[zukJ/ rJ/. e?Ag ftu wk;h dk d{ik g[Zso izfwnk sK T[j nzsK dh o'Jh;h. GZi/ N[ZN/, ckbs{ ;wkB tKr fwbNoh NoZeK ftu gP{nK tKr bZd/ ezfvnkbh tkV s'A gko rJ/.e?Ag ftu wk;V d/; oki f;zx B/ bzro dh o'Nh dh fJe rokjh th Bk GzBh “T[~iV^g[iV e/ gfjbKp/xo pD/ HHH j[D b'eK d/ dkB Bkb fYZv GoK HHH < \okfJs yktK HHH < dkB btK HHH < feT[A HHH <fJ;h fdB tk;s/ jzNoK s/ bkmhnK dh wko ykXh nkjh HHH < wo ikD ;ko/ G[Zy/ HHH w?A sK nkgD/ xoik;K HHH ;oekoK pdbdhnK ojhnK B/ HHH.”

d/; oki f;zx xo sK Bk gos/ go wk;h d/ rfjfDnK dh g'Nbh jbeh j[zdh rJh. Skp/ s'A gNVhfJe Pfjo HHH gNVh s'A d[ekB d{i/ Pfjo. Bk ezw ufbnk Bk fe;h EK fdb fNfenk. “j'o soQK d/b'e, j'o jh p'bh, Bk fe;h dh IpkB dk fJspko Bk b?D^d/D dk ftjko HHH nkdwh nkgDh Xosh s'AT[yV e/ Bekok j' iKd? HHH”, T[j fSE/ g?Ad/ ofjzd/.

id'A eko^ftjko bGd/ v/jokd{B gj[zu/ sK E'VQk wB gofunk “fJE'A dk gkDh sK fwZmk J/ Bk fgP"ojKro HHH pzdk fiE/ gkDh th Bk oZi e/ gh ;e/ HHH s/qj jh Bk fwFN/ HHH T[E/ \ke ofjDk j'fJnk HHH”,eko^ftjko th ub fgnk s/ wk;h dh rfjfDnK dh rzYVh ƒ mbQ g? rJh.

;w/A d/ uZeo Bkb e[VhnK f;o eZY bJ/, Bk gVQhnK, Bk gVQkJhnK “o'Nh gekDh f;yk fJjBKƒ HHH fJjBK u[ZbQk u"Aek jh ;KGD? HHH”, wk;V ih efjzd/ s/ fJe s'A pkd d{ih T[~s'̂ fVsh jhftnkj SZvhnK.

t/bk bzxdk frnk. tZv/ ehos B/ id'A phHJ/H gk; ehsh sK T[jBK dh ewo E'VQh f;Xh j'Jh. T[jBK;'funk ;h j[D ehos d[ekB T[~s/ p?m/rk s/ T[jBK ƒ ;t/o/ r[od[nko/ s'A ibdh w[VB dh fuzsk BjhAoj/rh go ehos sK ftNo p?mk ;h “w?ƒ d[ekB T[~s/ p?m e/ Pow nkT[Adh J/ HHH e'Jh |?PB tkbh d[ekBj't/ sK ;{N^p{N gk e/ w?A p?mK HHH”, s/ ehos B/ B"eoh eo bJh.

pVk ebg/ ;h wk;V ih “ehos w/o/ B"eo fizBh sB\kj b?Ad?—fejVh wb wko fbsh T[; HHH”,xo ftu eb/P th fgnk. wk;h B/ ;wMkfJnk th^“j[D s[jkvk IwkBk sK BjhA fojk HHH wK fgT[ B/

63

i' ukfjnk pZfunK s'A Ipod;sh eotk fbnk HHH j[D sK pZu/ nkgDh woIh eod/ B/ HHH ;kƒ eh HHHnkg/ szr j';h HHH.”

ehos dk ftnkj s/ wk;h BZu^BZu BjhA ;h EZedh. ehos dh tj[Nh ƒ T[; pfunk^y[funk ;kok;'Bk d/ fdZsk ;h HHH T[; dhnK \ksoK eod/ d't/A EZed/ BjhA ;B.

ƒj okDh B/ ;kb th BjhA ;h efNnk fe tZy j'D dh w[jkoBh oZND bZr gJh ;h.wk;h o'Jh e[obkJh^“ehos fpBK sK w?A wo ik;K HHH fezBhnK ;[yDk s/ wzBsK Bkb fbnk J/

w?A fJ; ƒ HHH fje gb Bk fd;/ sK nyhnK nr/ ’BQ/ok nKd? HHH jkJ/ ` fezB/ I|o ikb/ w?A HHH s/j[D fJj w/ok e[M BjhA brdk HHH. j[D w?A gokJh j' rJh HHH < s[jkƒ d'jK ƒ ;kv/ s'A nkIkdhukjhdh J/ HHH <”

ehos d/ ezBK d/ god/ sK w'N/ j' rJ/ ;B. wk;h e[M fdB o' e/ u[Zg eo rJh. d' fdB G[Zyhofj ykD bZr gJh.

S'N/ g[Zso oth B/ n?~wHJ/H gk; ehsh sK wk;V d/; oki f;zx dk fdb c/o v'fbnk, “j[D fJjth pkp{ pD;h HHH ukj/ ;kok wQhBk g?;k^g?;k frDd/ ofjD HHH”, oth sK d[ekB T[~s/ jh p?mk sK wk;Vih B/ ;[Zy dk ;kj Gfonk ;h. oth d/ ftnkj s'A pknd wk;h th o[ZM rJh ;h, j[D T[; ƒ tZv/ g[Zso‘ehos’ dk tZyo/ j'Dk xZN nyodk ;h.

e[M wjhB/ jh phs/ fe BthA Bt/bh tj[Nh B/ sK jZE ftu s/I jfEnko cV bJ/, IpkB e?Auh tKrubD brh^“gVQh fbyh, w?A xo dh pKdh sK BjhA HHH ;kok fdB o'Nh dk XzXk HHH fJe Xh iKdh J/ d{ihNZpo NQho b? e/ nk iKdh J/ HHH tZv/ sK tZyo/ j' feBkok eo rJ/ HHH ;kok Gko ;kv/ f;o HHH ;kƒth ;kvk fjZ;k fdU HHH.”

“fjZ;k HHH < fjZ;k fenk HHH < jkbhA sK w?A nkg p?mk jK HHH fjZ;/ tzvhnK sK woB s'A pknd j[zd/B/”, T[; fdB wk;V ih gfjbh tkoh T[~uh p'b/.

xo ftu ebêb/P t;D bZrk sK wk;h B/ S'N/ g[Zso oth ƒ e'b fpmk e/ pV/ fgnko Bkb fejk,“g[Zso oth, XhnK B/ sK g/e/ nkT[Dk j[zd? HHH s[;hA th tZyok xo b? bU HHH ;[yh t;' o;' HHH mzvhtkj gJh nkt/ HH.”

“tZyok xo HHH < tZyok ezw HHH < feT[A HHH < d[ekB th j[D ;kvh J/ s/ xo th w/o/ BK dkJ/ HHH :ehB BQhA nKdk sK ekrI fbnk e/ d;K HHH Gkgk ih B/ nkg sK ;G e[M ;kv/ BK ehsk J/ HHH”,S'Nh ƒj B/ oth d/ w'Y/ T[~s/ jZE Xod/ fejk.

wk;h s/ d/; oki f;zx sK gZEo d/ p[Zs pD rJ/, “fJj fet/A < ed'A <” s/ d't/A nkg; ftu yfjpVgJ/, “w?A fet/A nkgD/ jZE N[Ze e/ fdZs/ < T[j nkg th sK j?okB ;B. nzro/Ih d/ e[M ekrIKT[~s/ fejV/ pjkB/ g[Zso B/ d;s\s eok bJ/ < T[j sK T[od{ jh w;K gVQ fby b?Ad/ ;B. wk;h ƒbfrnk fJe tkoh fco T[; d/ g?oK j/mbh Xosh gokJh j' rJh j?. fJe tkoh fco p/xoh, fBEkthAj' rJh j?.

j[D T[j feZE/ ikD < Bk g?oK ftu fjzws j? Bk jZEK ftu I'o. f;o ;[ZN u[Zg eo e/ p?m rJ/,e"Vk x[ZN fBrb fbnk. fJe fdB oth fejk, “s[;hA j[D d[ekB s/ Bk nkfJnk eo' HHH rkjeK Bkb

64

yfjpVd/ U HHH wƒ Powk nKdh J/ HHH nkgDk i/p \ou w/o/ e'b'A b? fbnk eo' s/ xo jh p?m' HHH”,T[; d' ;" o[gJ/ fdZs/ sK wk;V ih B/ trkj e/ wko/ ;B.

wk;h B/ pVh tkoh wBQK th ehsk go T[j d[ekB ’s/ ikD s'A Bk Nb/̂ “xo p?m e/ e/j eoK HHHd; ` j[D fJ; xo dhnK ezXK th UgohnK j' rJhnK HHH w/o/ tZb x{o^x{o t/ydhnK B HHH fdbeod? fJjBK ezXK Bkb jh NZeoK wko nkgDk wZEk GzB btK HHH ed/ wod th xo ftjb/ p?m/ HHH <”s/ T[j o'I B/w Bkb r[od[nko/ wZEk N/e d[ekB T[~s/ ub/ iKd/. xzNk d' d[ekB d/ EVQ/ T[~s/ p?mxo tkg; gosd/.

j[D T[j :kd eod/ fJe d';s B/ fejk ;h, “d/; oki, ;oeko cohvw ckJhNoI ƒ g?BPB d/t/rh ns/ j'o eJh ;j{bsK th fwbDrhnK sz{ th ckow Go d/ HHH sz{ sK fezBh tkoh i/bQ eNh J/ HHHed/ rZb wzB th bJhdh J/ HHH.”

“bkjBs J/, ni/jh g?BPB ƒ :ko HHH fJj b'e eh ikDB fet/A eNhAdhnK B/ i/bQK dhnK ;IktK—fezB/ s;hj/ Mb/ fJ; nkIkdh bJh—T[d'A eh gsk ;h nkIkdh—BjhA HHH fJj' fijh popkdh fwb/rh HHHs"pk ` jo EK foPts, p/JhwkBh, M{m, |o/p HHH w?A e'Jh BjhA b?Dh g?BPB g{BPB HHH”, T[jBK pV/ o'jBkb fejk ;h, “wo yZg rJ/ nkIkdh bJh bVB tkb/̂ j[D sK bhvoK ƒ e[o;hnK ukjhdhnK B/—b'eikD YZm/ y{j ftu^”

wk;h B/ th fJe fdB fSZE/ g?Ad/ fejk, “nZi g?BPB bZrh j[zdh sK jZE sK Bk szr j[zdk, g[Zso dhw[Ekih e'b'A nkgD/ jZEhA brkJ/ nkIkdh d/ p{N/ dk cb sK yKd/ HHH s[jkv/ Bkb fdnK ƒ fezBhnK ;j{bsKfwbhnK B/.”

“fJj g[Zso th sK ihtB dk fwZmk cb B/ HHH fJjBK ƒ th sK rdhnK e[o;hnK ;zGkbD dh j'VJ/—c/o ed/ Bk ejhA fJj rZb.”

r[od[nko/ s'A jh wk;V ih nkgDh d[ekB tZb N[o g?Ad/. d[ekB d/ nZr'A f;o BhtK eo bzxiKd/ s/ d' d[ekBK SZv EVQ/ T[~s/ p?m nkgD/ BK d/ p'ov tZb x{od/ ofjzd/. ;kok fdB feZE/ feZE/x[zwd/ HHH < sqekbK gJ/ xo gosd/. wk;h ;kok fdB pkoh ftu yb'sh T[vhedh ofjzdh.

w?A ;'udk fojk, nZi wk;V ih fJ; pIko tZb fet/A nk rJ/ < d[ekB dk o;sk G[Zb rJ/ iKikD e/ d[ekB s'A d{i/ gk;/ dk o[\ ehsk < fet/A fvZr/̂ < N[od/ N[od/ bZsK i[nkp d/ rJhnK^< uZeonkfJnk HHH< m[Zvk bZrk HHH< wk;V d/; oki f;zx sK fvrd/ jh fJj Xosh \kbh eo rJ/.

T[d'A b'eK fejk ;h, “ftukok ` ;Ve T[~s/ o[bdk jh wo frnk HHH d'jK ftu'A fJe th ;otD g[ZsoBk fBefbnk HHH fJe B/ th ;/tk Bk ehsh^xD/ NZpo dk Gko jh Y'Ajdk fojk HHH.”

w?A ;'funk, ‘ebi[r s/ ;otD g[Zso HHH< s/qsk :[r ftu ;otD g[Zso ekoD fezBk T[gXowfunk ;hHHH < i/ ;otD dh tfjzrh Bk j[zdh HHH i/ T[j nkfrnkekoh ;/tkdko g[Zso Bk j[zdk sKBk ;okg dPoE ƒ brdk HHH Bk okwkfJD j[zdh HHH Bk :[ZX. wjKpbh wjK:'Xk^wjK frnkBh oktDnkgDh ftdtsk dk e'Jh nzP d[BhnK ƒ d/ iKdk. BjhA < ;hsk dh nrBh gqhfynk sK Bk j[zdh. nZisK ;hsk dhnK nkj{shnK fdZshnK iKdhnK jB pkbD dh EK szd{o ftu ;kVh iKdh J/—;N'g cZN iKd?s/ T[j ;V wodh J/. HHH e"D ;otD pD ;edk J/ < HHH s/ u[Ze ;edk J/ tfjzrh. fJe okw bZyK

65

oktDK ƒ fet/A wko/rk^< fezBhnK j'o ;hsk dhnK nrBh gqhfynk j'DrhnK—p;^p; ` j'o ;otDBjhA HHH Bk jh ;otD dh tfjzrh HHH Bk okw HHH p; HHH p; `

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

ybirD—w[;hps l fenkf|nK—nzdkIk l pkw[PZes—fwjBs wId{oh ;w/s l r/V—uZeo l ftZEK—d{ohnK l I|o ikb/—w[phpsK ;fjDhnK l

;kfjse fN~gDh

fJj ejkDh fJe ;Zu/ ;[Zu/ nkIkdh x[bkNhJ/ d/ ihtB d[yKs d/ Bkb Bkb nkgDhnK ;ZfGnkukoeedoKêhwsK s'A p/w[Zy j' ojh gVQh fbyh BthA ghVQh d/ feodko ƒ th g/P eodh j?. d/; okif;zx ƒ gfjbh tko d/P^pNtko/ ekoB xo'A p/xo j'Dk g?Adk j? s/ d{ih tko T[; dh n"bkd jhnkgD/ fBZih ;[nkoEK ekoB T[; ƒ xo'A p/xo eo fdzdh j?. ejkDheko nkX[fBe ;wki ftu c?boj/ nBkuko pko/ fuzsk Ikjo eodh j'Jh edoKêhwsK ƒ gqBkJ/ j'J/ sq/sk :[Zr d/ gkso ;otD ƒ :kdeodh j?.

gqPB

t~v/ gqPB

gqPB 1H ‘tfjzrh’ f;ob/y feE'A sZe Y[ZetK j? < nkgD/ PpdK ftZu fby'.gqPB 2H d/P tzv ;w/A d/; oki ns/ T[; d/ gfotko B/ ehêh d[y ;j/ <gqPB 3H nkIkdh d/ ;zxoP ftu d/; oki dk eh :'rdkB fojk j? <gqPB 4H d/; oki f;zx d/ g[ZsoK dk tshok fej' fijk ;h <

S'N/ gqPB

j/m fbyhnK N{eK ƒ gVQ e/ j/m fdZs/ gqPBK d/ T[~so fdU L^“Xosh sK wK j?, Xosh fet/A pdbh iKdh J/ HHH < xo^pko SZv e'Jh feZE/ ik ;edk j? <ghVQhnK^do^ghVQhnK t;d/ b'e, Go/ GokJ/ xo, eko'pko, Pfjo, d/P, rbhnK, nkgD/ b'e^nkgD/d'';s fet/A gokJ/ j' rJ/ B/ <gqPB 1H ‘Xosh fet/A pdbh ik ;edh j?’ eEB s'A ejkDheko dk eh Gkt j? <gqPB 2H ‘nkgD/ b'e^nkgD/ d';s fet/A gokJ/ j' rJ/ B/ <’ fJ; dk Gkt nkgD/ PpdK ftZu fby'.

b/ye pko/ ikDekoh

iBw L fgPkto, gkfe;skB(26H6H1937)

feZsk L ;kfjsekoh

66

gqekPB L ejkDh ;zrqfj ^ fus[ r[gs (1978),w/ok nkgk w'V d/ (1976),eoVk ;ko[ (1980),rzX eE{oh (1982),pkfo gokfJ (1986),;rb ;zfr (1989),w?A ;hsk BjhA (1991),u'DthnK fJZeh ejkDhnK (1995),joy ;'r (2004)

;BwkB L gzikph nekdwh, fdZbh tb'A gow ;kfjs ;BwkB;zgoe L J/̂ 2 ph, 89^;h, n?~wHnkJhHihH gZSw ftjko, BthA fdZbh^110063

67

wK dk bkvbkpfuzs e"o(1940)

“Bh ezw' d/y Iok pkjo e"D pbkT[Ad? s/o/ tho ƒ <”o'Nh gekT[Adh puB' B/ pkjobh fvT{vh tb fXnkB eofdnK fejk. ezw' GZi e/ pkjo rJh s/ MZN

e[ wro'A jh nk e/ p'bh, “p/p/ pkjo sK e'Jh BjhA.”“ubk frnk j'T{ e'Jh pkjo'A tki sK nkJh ;h fe;/ fBnkD/ dh.”p/p/, fiZdD dk ihs frnk, nkgD/ xo sK e'Jh fBek fBnkDk th BjhA tfVnk.xo ftu G'ok o"De BjhA ojh.w/ok sK iok th ihn BjhA brdk ihs/ fpBk.jK ezw' Gkt/A ihsk ;kok fdB ygkT[Adk ofjzdk ;h go T[; Bkb xo Gfonk Gfonk brdk ;h.p/p/ id'A T[j xo j[zdk e'Jh Bk e'Jh fBnkDk T[; d/ nr/ fgS/ fcodk jh ofjzdk.nkj' ;koh phjh d/ fBnkfDnK dk ;odko i' ;h.puB' Go/ j'J/ rb/ ƒ ezw e'b'A b[ekT[Adh j''Jh, ezw' dh rb dk T[so d/ ojh ;h.p/p/ yk^wyk pkg{ ih B/, T[; ƒ pZuk gZbND ftu Gosh eotk fdZsk. pkg{ th ;?DhnK d/ p[V/ dh

n?t/A rZb wzB b?Adk j?. pkg{ j'o eh eodk T[j i' o'I o'I b'eK d/ nbQKG/ fbnkT[Adk ;h. gVQBk fbyDksK T[; ƒ iwK Jh uzrk BjhA ;h brdk ypo/ eh wko tr rJh ;h. G/i' ;e{b/ T[j p/ohnK j/mK p?me/ o'NhnK ykj, d[gfjoK ƒ xo nk tVdk fit/A s?ƒ gsk jh BjhA T[; d/ ukfbnK dk. ezw' s/ puB'd't/A, wK Xh ihs/ ƒ ;kok ;kok fdB :kd eodhnK ofjzdhnK.

j[D puB' B/ ezw' s'A u'oh u'oh nkgD/ ;ko/ nEo{ nkgDh ydo dh u[zBh d/ bV pzBQ bJ/ ;B. fdbjh fdb ihs' dh wwsk fit/A T[; d/ nzdo'A o[Zr Go Go, T[; d/ ekbi/ ftu'A e[M eZY ojh ;h. T[;ƒ sK ;wM jh BjhA ;h nk ojh fe T[; ƒ j' eh fojk j?. T[; dk eh d[ydk j?. T[;d/ ekbQi/ ftue[M j' Io{o fojk ;h. fi; ƒ T[j b|IK okjhA fe;/ ƒ BjhA ;h d; ;edh.

o'Nh dk nk\oh g/Vk fit/A T[; B/ t/b e/ w;K jh st/ T[s/ gkfJnk ;h. c/o nkN/ Bkb fbpV/ fbpVkJ/jZE b? e/ T[j nzdo, Bho/ tkbh e'mVh ftu ubh rJh. T[; d/ ezBh T[j gfjbK tkbh ntkI c/o;[DkJh gJh. s/ T[j GZidh j'Jh p{j/ tb tXh. p{jk y'fbnk, pkjo sK e'Jh th BjhA ;h. j[D ezw' ƒT[; B/ pkwQDk dh e[Vh i;'XK e'b d;{sh dh eYkJh dk Bw{Bk ukdo s/ T[skoB bJh fgSbh phjh ftuG/i fdZsk. sK fe T[j fJeZbh nzdo ik, oZi e/ o' bt/.

fiZdD dk ihsk pZuk gbND ftu Gosh eotkfJnk ;h. puB' ne;o nkgDk fdb j"bk eoB bJhnkBh pjkBh fJebh p?m, jzM{ e/odh ofjzdh. ihs/ d/ pkg{ B/ sK gfjbK jh puB' ƒ efj fdZsk ;h feiK—s/ok fJj Bb?e g[s xo ftu iK w?A. fi;ƒ woIh J/ xo ftu oy b?. w?A o'I o'I fJ; dhnK

68

pdwkPhnK jE'A pj[s szr nk frnk jK. Bt/A s'A BtK nbQKGk, jo o'I fe;/ Bk fe;/ Bkb wko e[NkJh.xo'A nkBh pjkBh g?;/ b?D/ s/ ;e{b'A nkJ/ shJ/ fdB r?o jkIoh. w?E'A fJ; Bkb o'I fdjkVh f;o ygkJhBjhA j[zdh. Bk jh fJ; s'A f;Bwk d/yD bJh o[g? u'oh eotkJ/ iKd/ jB. ;hohnK d/ g[ZsK ƒ ;BhfwnKBkb Gbk eh < rkV/ g;hB/ dh ewkJh fJj Gzr d/ GkV/ rtkJh iKd?. puB' s?ƒ nkyoh fJe' rZb efjzdkjK. i/ bzpVK d/ p[V/ B/ ejh j? w?ƒ fe fJ; ƒ pZuk gbND ftu Gosh eotk d/JhJ/. BjhA w?A fJ;jE'A szr nk fe fe;/ y{j yks/ ftu Skb wko fdnKrk.”

fpPB/ d/ nkyoh p'bK B/ puB' d/ bz{ ezY/ yV/ eo fds/. s/ T[; ƒ nkgD/ gsh d/ c?;b/ Bkb ;fjwsj'Dk jh fgnk. ;' ihs/ ƒ pZuk gbND ftu Gosh eotk o[Veh G/i fdZsk frnk.

xo'A frnk sK ni/ ihs/ ƒ w;K fJe ;ksk jh j'fJnk ;h. go puB' dh BhAd sK T[;/ fdB s'Ajokw j' rJh ;h fi; fdB T[; B/ nkgD/ ;\s ;[Gk d/ gsh dh jK ftu jK fwbkJh ;h.

j[D T[j nZXh nZXh oks se, sko/ frDsh ofjzdh. s/ c/o nkgD/ gsh fpPB/ d/ wzi/ tb fBrkjwkodh s/ fXnkB Bkb T[; d/ x[okV/ ;[Ddh. id T[j r{Vh BhAd ftu j[zdk sK T[j j"bh fijh nkgD/wzi/ s'A T[mdh s/ u[ge/ fij/ nkgD/ s/oK u"dK tfoQnK d/ g[Zs ihs/ Bkb ik ;kT[Adh.

ihsk th ;kok fdB d/ n"yZb^pZs/ ezwK s'A EZe N[ZN e/ x{e ;[Zsk fgnk j[zdk. puB' u[ge/ fij/T[; ƒ nkgDh Sksh Bkb x[ZN b?Adh. T[jdk ih wwsk Bkb Gfonk fe;/ ftPkb ;wz[do dh soQK bfjoKwkoB brdk. T[j nkg w[jkoh p'b T[mdh. ihfsnK ƒ Gkt/A fezBk th sgkT[Adk J/ w?ƒ go w/o/ fdbftu s/o/ bJh pj[s w'j j?. wK i' j'Jh s/oh.

c/o puB' d/ u"V/ s/ ftPkb fjod/ ftu'A ihs/ d/ fgnko bJh wwsk c[ZN c[ZN o'D br g?Adh.T[j j"bh fijh gk;k gos ihs/ tb'A wz{j d{ih pkjh tb eo, j"bh fijh nkgDh u[zBh Bkb gbeK ftu'Afrod/ jzM{ gz{Mdh. s/ sVe;ko id'A fPt d[nkb/ ftu gzvs Pzy pikT[Adk, yVskb yVekT[Adk sK puB'ihs/ Bkb'A T[m e/ nkgD/ wzi/ T[s/ fJT[A b/N iKdh fit/A f;o T[s/ nkJ/ ;{oi dh T[; ƒ G'ok ;[ZX jhBk j't/.

fezBhnK jh oksK ihs/ d/ Gosh j'D s'A gfjbK puB' B/ fJ;/ soQK bzxkJhnK ;B. T[BQK ftu'A fJeoks sK puB' bZy isB eoB s/ th BjhA ;h G[Zbdh. g{oBwkPh dh T[j oks id uzB dh ukBDh nkgD/g{o/ i'pB ftu fyVh j'Jh ;h. t/bk nZXh oks s'A T[s/ j' u[fenk ;h. puB' B/ J/Xo UXo, phjh ftuvZj/ wzfinK T[s/ fJe ;o;oh fijh fBrk wkoh. ;kok nKY^r[nKY x{e ;[Zsk fgnk ;h. p; ikr oj/;B fJj d't/A uzB ukBDh oks s/ puB'.

T[; oks ihs/ d/ ikD ftu ni/ fszB fdB s/ d' oksK pkeh ;B. f;o| d' oksK j'o puB' ihs/Bkb ;"A ;edh ;h.

fJj ;'udh j'Jh puB' g'b/ fij/ nkgD/ wzi/ s'A T[mh s/ MZN ihs/ Bkb ik e/ b/N rJh. go fiT[Ajh T[j gsh s'A vodh ihs/ d/ wzi/ T[s/ rJh, ihs/ d/ wz{j''A T[GVtkj/ fBeb frnk. u'oHHHu'HHHu'HHHMZNpuB' T[m e/ p?mdh j'Jh p'bh, “u'o BjhA g[Zs w?A jK s/oh p/p/.”

“p/p/ sz{ ;[Zsh BjhA ni/ <”ihs/ dh ntkI ;[D e/ e'b gJh ezw' th T[m gJh go puB' B/ fJj efje/ MZN ezw' s/ ihs/

69

ƒ ;[bk fdZsk. “;"A ikU g[Zs ni/ ;t/o BjhA j'Jh.” s/ nkg T[j c/o j"bh fijh ihs/ Bkbik b/Nh.

nZi ihs/ ƒ gfjbh tko gsk bfrnk ;h fe T[; dh wK T[; Bkb o'I oks ƒ u'oh u'oh nkgD/wzi/ s'A T[~m e/ ;kT{Adh j?. ihs/ B/ wK dhnK nZyK ftu Go/ jzM{nK ƒ wfj;{; eofdnK ;G ;wM fbnk;h fe T[j feT[A o'Adh j?. sKjhUA T[; B/ th x[ZN e/ nkgDh wK ƒ ich gk bJh. fco fezBk jh fuopuB', ihs/ dhnK rbQK Bkb wz{j bk e/ T[BQK T[s/ e';/ e';/ jzM{ tjkT[Adh ojh ;h.

p[ZX, p[ZX ihs/ ƒ frnK nZi g{o/ nZm fdB j' rJ/ ;B. fiZdD dk ihsk frnk ;h. puB' o'I oksd/ gfjb/ gfjo pKjh T[s/ wz{j oy fJe tko sK Io{o o'Adh ;h. go nkgD/ d[y ƒ fe;/ e'b IkjoBjhA ;h j'D fdzdh.

fe; ƒ d;/ < ezw' ;kjwD/ T[j sK BjhA ;h o'Adh fe T[j th nkgD/ tho dh :kd ftu o' gT{rh.s/ nkgD/ gsh fpPB/ nr/ sK nZy frZbh eoB dk ;tkb jh BjhA ;h. T[; e'b'A sK T[j jw/PK vp^vpkJhnKnZyK ftu tfjzd/ jzM{nK ƒ b[ekT[Adh ofjzdh feT[Afe T[; ƒ wK d/ fdb dk eh gsk, T[j sK fJe fgU;h. T[j th gZEo fdb fgU i' Bk ed/ fe;/ bJh fgxfbnk ;h Bk fgbxD dh nk; jh ;h. T[; d/n?B/ ;\s ;[Gk eoe/ jh sK ihsk fprfVnk ;h.

fpPBk, ihs/ d/ fpxVB dk ;kok d'P jw/PK T[; dh wK puB' s/ jh bkT[Adk. id'A th ihsk e'Jhg[Zmh f;ZXh fJZbs eodk sK fpPBk ihs/ ƒ X"Vh dh i[Zsh Bkb e[Ndk s/ fgS'A fJj rZb Io{o efjzdk,“puBhJ/ s? J/; e[Zs/ ƒ f;o uVk ofynk j?. s/o/ bkvK B/ gfNnk J/; ƒ.” T[; B/ ihs/ d/ ikD;w/A ;k| puB' ƒ efj fdZsk ;h. woIh j? Gosh eotk woIh j? Bk go fgS'A nZyK ftu x;[zB d/d/ o'Jh, w?E'A p[ok e'Jh BjhA j'Dk.”

J/;/ rb'A vodh T[j fpPB/ nr/ ihs/ dh e'Jh rZb th BjhA ;h S/Vdh. o'Dk sK fJe gk;/ fojk.j[D id'A th T[j rbQh ftu ihs/ d/ jkDhnK ƒ y/vdk e[Zddk iK ;e{b nkT[Ad/ iKd/ d/ydh T[; dk

ihn Go nkT[Adk. T[j jZE dk ezw ftu/ SZv d{o se iKd/ fBnkfDnK tb d/ydh ofjzdh. c/o nzdobhe'mVh ftu ik b[x b[x o'Adh.

nZi th id'A T[j nzdobh e'mVh ftu o' ojh ;h. T[; ƒ pkjo'A c/o ihs/ dh T[jh ntkI ;[DkJhfdZsh i' ne;o T[; ƒ fdB ’u eJh tko ;[DkJh fdzdh ;h.

T[; B/ MZN GZi e/ fvT{Vh dk p{jk y'fbnk. pkjo sK ;Zuw[u e'Jh th BjhA ;h. T[; B/ J/Xo UXorbQh d/ nzs se d/fynk go phjh ftu fJe th fBnkDk BjhA ;h. gsk BjhA fJj fBnkfDnK dh ntkIT[; d/ ezBhA feE'A nk g?Adh.

T[j nzdo nk e/ u[bQ/ nr/ p?m rJh. n?B/ ftu ezw' tkg; w[V nkJh. s/ p'bh, “p/p/ bkbozr d/ o/Pw dh ohb sK w?A xo jh G[Zb rJh ;h.” puB' fpBK jK jz{ ehfsnK u[bQ/ w{o/ p?mh GKv/ wKidhojh. ezw' B/ ohb nzdo'A fbnkT[AfdnK wK dhnK nZyK ftu MkeD dh e'fPP ehsh go puB'B/ nkgDhnK vp^vpkJhnK nZyK ƒ ezw' e'b'A b[ekT[D dh g{oh g{oh e'fPP ehsh. ezw' ;G e[M ;wMrJh ;h.

bkb o/Pw dh ohb ;{Jh ftu Nzrdh ezw' p'bh, “p/p/ i/ s/ok ihn BjhA ;h eodk ihs/ ƒ G/iD

70

dk, sK sz{ pkg{ ƒ ;k| feT[A Bk fejk, fe n;hA BjhA ihs/ ƒ pZuk^gbND ftu Gosh eotkT[Dk.” “fJjfet/A efj fdzdh g[Zs s/o/ fgU nr/ w/oh rJh n? g/P e'Jh. rZb eoB dh i/ fjzws j[zdh sK nZi fJjB"ps jh feT[A nkT[Adh. w/ok sK vodh dk ;kj BjhA fBebdk T[; d/ nr/. T[; d/ n?B/ ;\s ;[Gkdk Bshik jh sK nZi ihsk n?Bk fprfVnk j?. jd'A tX ;\sh pzd/ ƒ fprkVdh j? XhJ/ s/ fgnko T[;ƒ ;tkodk j?.”

“go ;Zu sK fJj j? p/p/ fe jd'A tX fgnko th pj[s wkVk j[zdk j?. T[j th pZu/ ƒftrkVdk j?.”

ezw' j[D nkgDh p/p/ puB' ƒ ;wMk ojh ;h.

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

G'ok—fpbe[b l phjh—rbh l p[V/—pI[or l iwk Jh—fpbe[b l ukfbnK—ekoBkw/ l ydo—ykdhdk l Bho/—s{Vh tkbk e'mk l d;{sh—eZgV/ dk BK l shJ/—sh;o/ l ;hohnK—wId{o l Gzr d/ GkV/—fpBK w[Zb d/ l ;ksk—7 fdB, j|sk l n"yZb^pZs/—ne/t/A Go/ ezw l fPt d[nkb/—fPt dk wzdo l G'ok;[ZX—fpbe[b th ypo Bk j'Dk l fJZbs—Pokos l b[x b[x—S[g e/.

;kfjse fN~gDh

fJ; ejkDh ftu ejkDhekok fJj efjDk ukj[zdh j? fe ;kv/ ;wki ftu wkfgnK dh pZfunK gqshgj[zu ;zs[fbs BjhA. T[j pZfunK dk wB'ftfrnkB ;wMD s'A n;woZE jB. ejkDh ftu ihs/ d/ fgUdk jZd'A tZX ;\sh ns/ wK dk jZd'A tZX bkv^fgnko tkbk fttjko T[; ƒ ;[XkoB dh EK j'o ftrkVfdzdk j? fi; ekoB pZuk s/ wkg/ d't/A ePN G'rd/ jB.

gqPB

t~v/ gqPB

gqPB 1H ‘wK dk bkvbk’ ejkDh ftu ‘ihs/’ ƒ pZuk gbND ftu feT[A Gosh eokfJnk frnk <gqPB 2H ihs/ d/ pZuk gbND ftu Gosh j'D s'A fJe oks gfjbK dh tkgoh xNBk ƒ nkgD/ PpdK

’u fby' <gqPB 3H ihs/ gqsh T[; d/ wkfgnK dk fttjko fej' fijk j? <gqPB 4H ezw', ihs/ gqsh eh ftuko oydh j? < nkgD/ PpdK ftZu dZ;'.

S'N/ gqPB

j/m fbyhnK N{eK ƒ gVQ e/ j/mK fdZs/ gqPBK d/ T[~so fdU L^“go ;Zu sK fJj j? p/p/ fe jd'A tX fgnko th pj[s wkVk j[zdk j?. T[j th pZu/ ƒ ftrkVdk

j?.”

71

gqPB 1H T[go'es N{eK fe; ejkDh ftZu'A bJhnK rJhnK jB < fJ; d/ ejkDheko dk BK dZ;' <gqPB 2H T[go'es N{eK e"D s/ fe; ƒ efj fojk j? s/ feT[A <

b/ye pko/ ikDekoh

iBw L fgzv G[u', fIbQk ;zro{o(18H2H1940)

feZsk L N?eBheb n|;o d/ nj[d/ s'A ohNkfJovgqekPB L ejkDh ;zrqfj ^ wzfIb (1972),

;{jk ozr f;nkj ozr (1974),G[Zpb dh nZr (1977),y[o/ j'J/ ozr (1979)fenkoh b"ArK dh (1983),w[ebkt/ tkbh oks (1989),tkNK nX{ohnK (2001)ekPBh d[gZNk (2002)

;BwkB L gzikph nekdwh, fdZbh tb'A gow ;kfjs ;BwkB.;zgoe L 12$20, Jh;N gN/b Bro, BthA fdZbh^110008

72

po| dk dkBti;pho G[~bo

(1941)

MZyV pVk wz{j I'o ;h.po| d/ r[pko nzpo sZe c?b rJ/.T[E/ e[M th n;bh BjhA ;h fd; fojk. i' n;bh ;h th sK fuZNh po| ;h iK fco po| dk

T[j fNZpk i' ;kj b? fojk gqshs j[zdk ;h.nuBu/sh po| dk T[j fNZpk fsVe frnk. T[jd/ ftu'A fuZN/ d;skB/ tkbk jZE pkjo fBefbnk.

T[; jZE B/ jtk ƒ cVB d/ isB ftu tko^tko w[Zm y'jbh s/ pzd ehsh. gsk BjhA T[j jZE jtk ƒcV th ;fenk iK BjhA, go J/Bk Io{o j'fJnk fe d;skB/ tkbk d{;ok jZE th po| ’u'A pkjo Mkfenks/ fco nk;wkB tZb c?b frnk.

fJe ftPkb d/j nkgD/ nkg ƒ po| dh e?d s'A w[es eoe/ pkjo nk rJh. e[M fuo T[j T[E/jh r'mVhnk w{XhnK wkoh, f;o ;[ZNh bzw/ bzw/ ;kj b?Adk fojk. ;kj e[M ;kt/A j'J/ sK T[jB/ f;o Szfvnk,;oho T[~s/ I'o I'o dh w[ZehnK wko e/ bj{ ƒ joes fdZsh s/ fco sD e/ yb' frnk fit/A e'Jh fjw^wkBtnkgD/ fuZN/ oki Gkr ’s/ fBrkj wkoB T[fmnk j't/.

fezBh ;koh po| T[jd/ T[~s'A fwZNh tKrz{ MV rJh. T[jdk T[~uk^GotK eZdêkm rb/Phno T[~s/ gkT[Dtkb/ ftP/P eZgfVnK ftu j'o th Gkok bZr fojk ;h.

nkdw p'n ` HHH nkdw p'n `s{|kB dhnK uheK ezBk d/ god/ gkVB bZr gJhnK.dkDk yzv torh po| T[jd/ Bkb yfj e/ nrKj bzx ojh ;h, T[jd/ Bkb tZi e/ o[e ojh ;h.

po| dh tkSV Bkb T[jd/ fujo/ ’s/ fsZyhnK ;{JhnK u[ZG ojhnK ;B. MZyV dk t/r J/Bk s/I ;h feT[jd/ g?o T[yV oj/ ;B. i/ T[j NkjDhUA N[ZNk gZsk j[zdk sK jtk dh rsh Bkb T[~vdk s[fonk iKdk,go T[j ;?fBe ;h, T[jd/ bJh x'oBk g[ZN e/ p?mDk fInkdk tkIp ;h. T[j ekbh Bkb s{|kB tZb fgZmeoe/ p?m frnk. w[ZmK whN e/ T[; po| ’s/ fNekn fdZshnK s/ jko/ j[ZN/ wB[Zy tKr T[~s/ f;o oZy fdZsk.e[M fuo T[j T[;/ soQK jh fgnk fojk. T[jd/ fIjB ’s/ gZ;oh j'Jh X[zd E'VQh fijh SDh. T[j e[M nkgD/nkg tZb gofsnk sK gq/PkB fijk j' frnk.

T[j feZE/ ;B <s[oB t/b/ T[j g{o/ pkoK ;B, d; s/ d' pkoK.HHH s/ j[D <T[; gb T[jB/ fizBk e[ t/yDk ;h T[j th nDt/fynk jh ofj frnk. T[[jd/ y'fgnK torhnK n?BeK

’s/ po| izw rJh ;h.

73

T[jB/ d;skB/ tkbk jZE PhfPnK ’s/ orV e/ po| gz{Mh.po| dh p[SkV s'A puD bJh T[jB/ fujo/ ;kjt/A jZEK dk T[jbk eo fbnk s/ X"D fgSKj w'Vh.

jZEK B/ po| ’s/ ftfSnk fdqP Ye fdZsk ;h. T[jB/ jZE E'VQk fijk T[go ehsk sK j?okB ofj frnk.T[jd/ B/V/ jh fJe eK wfonk fgnk ;h.rb/Pno po| ;h, fBoh po| ` T[~E/ fwZNh BjhA ;h. uko^gzi jIko c[ZN j/mK sZe th fwZNh

BjhA ;h. T[~E/ c[Zb BjhA ;B T[~rd/. T[~E/ eoz{pbK BjhA ;B c[NdhnK. T[~E/ e[M th nkgDh ;fji jkbsftu fiT{Adk BjhA ;h ofj ;edk. nzsK dh ;hs ftu p; fJe bdkyh eK jh ;h. fi; ƒ edh e[MBjhA ;h j[zdk. rb/Phno d/ shj s'A gzikj fvroh ;?ANhro/v d/ wB|h skgwkB ftu i' e[M th j[zdk;h nkdwhnK ƒ j[zdk ;h. nkdwhnK d/ ;[gfBnK s'A b? e/, nkdwhnK d/ bj{ sZe, T[~E/ ;G e[M izwiKdk ;h.

ykD^ghD tkbhnK t;sK d/ fvZp/ \kbh eo eo e/ c"ih ;[ZNd/ ofjzd/ ;B. r{jV/ ekb/ eK T[jBKvZfpnK s/ mz{r/ wkod/ ne;o ftykJh d/ iKd/ ;B.

T[~E/ ektK dh frDsh j"bh^j"bh tX ojh ;h.wo/ j'J/ eK ƒ po| B/ nZX^guZX YZe fbnk ;h. ;{p/dko g{oB f;zx dh izwh j'Jh ;'u ftu j"bh

j"bh r'bhnK dhnK nktkIK ikr gJhnK. fJj e'Jh nb'eko rZb BjhA ;h. T[j Gyh j'Jh izr dkw[jkI ;h. T[~E/ d'jK fXoK tb'A r'bhnK ubdhnK jh ofjzdhnK ;B, go r'bh Bkb gfjbK T[~E/ edhe'Jh eK BjhA ;h wfonk. j[D eK wo jh frnk ;h sK fJj rZb ;" ft;t/ gZeh ;h fe f;o| eK BjhA;h wfonk.

gbNBK dh ndbk pdbh fwEh soshp nB[;ko jh ub ojh ;h. tkg; ik ojhnK N'bhnK ƒ ;{p/dko g{oB f;zx B/ j?okB j' e/ t/fynk ;h. T[jBK ;kfonK dk fit/A fJe' jh fujok ;h. tXh j'Jh dkjVh,EZe/ j'J/ T[dk; fujo/, p[ZMhnK j'JhnK nZyK ftu mfjoh j'Jh w"s ` rb/Phno s'A fiT{Ad/ tkg; ikDbZfrnK th T[jBK ƒ nkgD/ fiT{Ad/ j'D dk :ehB BjhA ;h. rb/Phno dh ikBb/tk mzY ftu y[PhJ/Bh Bhbh g? rJh ;h fe T[jBK e'b'A fujo/ ’s/ izwh j'Jh w"s dh gos th BjhA ;h gz{Mh ik ;edh.

gbNBK GohnK g{ohnK rb/Phno ’s/ nkJhnK ;B, go edh GohnK^g{ohnK tkg; BjhA ;B rJhnK.fJe gq/PkB fijk ;tkb nu/s/ T[jBK ;?fBeK dhnK nZyK ftu th mfjo frnk ;h. eh T[j rb/Phnos'A fiT{Ad/ tkg; gos ;eDr/.

rb/Phno fJe ftPkb dkBt ;h, po| dk dkBt ` T[j fit/A fe;/ f;ZXh gqkgsh bJh jIkoK ;kbKs'A sg eo fojk ;h.

j[D e[M ;kbK s'A ;?fBe fJ; dkBt d/ sg ƒ Gzr eoB dh i[oZns eoB bZr gJ/ ;B s/ pdb/ftu T[jd/ eo'X ƒ G[rs oj/ ;B.

‘fpbk c'Av bk’ ’s/ jkb/ th i?e n?bHnkJhH B/ w'ou/ wZb/ j'J/ ;B. v'rok dh nb|k ezgBh B/ ‘fpbkc'Av bk’ dk ukoi ;zGkbD fgS'A jh T[jBK ƒ ftjfbnK eoBk ;h. i?e n?bHnkJhH d/ rkJhvK Bkb nb|kezgBh dhnK fszB N'bhnK ‘fpbk c'Av bk’ tZb e{u eo u[ZehnK ;B.

T[jBK ƒ s'o e/ ;{p/dko g{oB f;zx T[~E/ jh yb'sk fojk ;h.

74

fiE'A sZe BIo iKdh ;h, po| jh po| ;h. T[~E/ e'Jh Pkj okj BjhA ;h. fe;/ ;Ve d/ pDBdh e'Jh ;zGktBk th BjhA ;h. po| ƒ pZioh d/ gZEoK ftu BjhA ;h pdfbnk ik ;edk.

gfjbhnK d't/A N'bhnK T[jdh BIo dh jZd NZg e/ po| d/ T[~u/ T[~u/ YkfJnK T[jb/ rtku rJhnK;B. fgSbh N'bh d/ itkB jkb/ th XZfpnK tKr fd; oj/ ;B fit/A G'iB dh Gkb ftu ik ojh ehVhnKdh esko j[zdh j?.

T[j th gfjbhnK N'bhnK dh fwZEh j'Jh po| ƒ nkgD/ g?oK j/m fbskVd/ s[o/ ik oj/ ;B. rb/Phno d/ \sfonK ƒ fXnkB ftu oZyfdnK fJe' okj tosDk jh fjZs ftu ;h. go fJj Io{oh BjhA;h fe fwfEnk j'fJnk okj jo tko f;nkuB rb/Phno ƒ th wBi{o jh j't/. fJ; rZb dk ;G ƒgsk ;h. fJ;/ eoe/ rb/Phno ’s/ edh e'Jh fJeZbk BjhA ;h s[odk. T[; N'bh ftu th gzi iD/ ;B.T[jBK d/ bZe gfjb/ ;?fBe s'A b? e/ fgSb/ ;?fBe sZe fJe' oZ;/ Bkb pZM/ j'J/ ;B. fJe d{i/ s'A d{oubfdnK th T[; oZ;/ B/ ;G ƒ nkg; ftu i'fVnk j'fJnk ;h. fJ; soQK T[j b'V g?D ’s/ fJe d{i/dh ;jkfJsk eo ;ed/ ;B.

T[; t/b/ rb/Phno pVk PKs ;h, pVk u[Zg ;h. nukBe T[j sqpfenk T[jB/ wZXw fijhnK uheKdh nktkI ;[Dh ;h.

po| dh fjZe ’s/ fJe j'o gkV g? u[fenk ;h.po| ftuekob/ ;?fBe d/ g?oK j/m'A gkNh s/ gkV c?b e/ nrb/ s/ fgSb/ ;?fBe d/ g?oK sZe gj[zu

frnk. fJ; s'A gfjbK fe pkeh iD/ ;zGb e/ pukn dh ekotkJh eod/, T[j ftuekob/ itkB d/ Bkbjh gkV ftu fyZu/ rJ/. fJj gkV jIkoK c[ZN vz{xk ;h. fJj' fijk jkd;k e'Jh gfjbh tko BjhA ;hj'fJnk. po| nDfenk;hnK EktK ’s/ tkNdh ofjzdh ;h. ;?fBe T[jBK gkVK ftu ;wkn iKd/ ;B.;g?Pb eZgfVnK dk fBZx T[jBK ƒ eJh eJh fdB sZe fiT{Adk th oydk ;h, go gkV nzdo jh nkyohBhAd ;"Dk T[jBK dh j'Dh ;h.

nDfrDs ;?fBe j[D sZe rb/Phno d/ gkVK ftu ;wkn u[Ze/ ;B. T[jBK d/ fi;wK dh rowh, T[jBKd/ nfj;k; dk fBZx Bk po| dh fcsos jh pdb ;e/ ;B s/ Bk rb/Phno dh G[Zy jh w[Zeh ;h.

T[jB/ j?okB fijk j' e/ nZyK wbhnK. po| dk g;ko d{o ik e/ ;b/Nh n;wkB ftu fJefwe j'frnk ;h. fuZNh po| T[~s/ ekb/ XZfpnK dk e'Jh th fuzBQ pkeh BjhA ;h.

woB tkfbnK ftu nb|k ezgBh dk ewKvo th ;h, go fJj t/bk ;ZEo ftSk e/ p?mD dk BjhA;h. jkb/ sK w[ZY ;h. e[M fdBK ƒ fJj' fijhnK xNBktK nkw tKr ikgD bZr g?DhnK ;B. \kbhj' rJhnK EktK w[V Go ikDrhnK. fIzdrh B/ gfjbK tKr jh s[od/ ofjDk ;h.

w'fJnK d/ f|eo Bkb'A th gfjbk f|eo ‘fpbk c'Av bk’ dh ewKv dk ;h. gbNB d/ ewkBn|;o e'b fJ; t/b/ e'Jh th tkX{ n|;o BjhA ;h fijƒ ‘fpbk c'Av bk’ dh ;zGkb bJh G/finkik ;e/. ;ko/ n|;o nkg' nkgDh EkJhA g';NK dh fIzw/tkoh ;zGkbh p?m/ ;B. j[D fJ; s'A fpBKj'o e'Jh okj BjhA ;h fe fcbjkb ;{p/dko g{oB f;zx ƒ ‘fpbk c'Av bk’ tkbh ezgBh dh ewkB ;"AgfdZsh ikt/.

id'A ;{p/dko g{oB f;zx nkgDh N'bh ƒ b? e/ s'fonk sK nzpo ’s/ sko/ uwe oj/ ;B. uzB ukBDh

75

ftu po| dh fbPe'o Bkb nZyK u[zfXnk ojhnK ;B. po| ’s/ g?AdhnK uzB dhnK foPwK B/ oks ƒfuZN/ fdB ftu pdb fdZsk ;h, go T[; fdB dk ;[Gkn ekbk ;h.

T[j brksko s[oh rJ/. T[jBK d/ tZv/ p{NK Bkb po| xZN/ tKrz{ T[~vdh ojh.j"bh^j"bh uzB sko/ fcZe/ g? rJ/ s/ fco nb'g j' rJ/.rb/Phno dh ;hs fcIk ftu fpZbhnK d/ o'D torh ;[o ikr gJh.w";w ftrV frnk ;h.fJ; s'A gfjbK fe T[j nkT[D tkb/ s{|kB s'A puD pko/ ;'ud/, T[jBK d/ B/V/ jh d[PwD d/ s'g\kB/

dk r'bk nk e/ fvZfrnk. po| T[sKj ƒ T[~vh s/ dfjPs dk sq"Aek d/ rJh. fJj nDfenkf;nk jwbk;h. T[j d[PwD d/ s'y\kB/ dh wko j/m nk rJ/ ;B.

T[j :Ze dw po| ’s/ Yfj gJ/ s/ UNK GkbD bJh fJXo T[Xo ohArD bZr/. S/sh jh s'y\kB/ dhr'bkpkoh ftu fBZfenK jfEnkoK dhnK nktkIK th Pkwb j' rJhnK.

s/I jtk B/ MZyV dk o{g Xko fbnk. s{|kB d/ t/r Bkb po| T[~vD bZr gJh. ;{p/dkog{oB f;zx B/ BIoK Bkb d[PwD tkb/ gk;/ dh g[DSkD eoB dk isB ehsk. T[jƒ MZyV d/ p[D/ikb/ ftu Xz[dbh fijh joes fdZsh. fmZ; ` T[jdh ;N/B ubD s'A w[Beo j' rJh. wB|h skgwkB B/;N/B d/ g[oI/ ikw eo fdZs/ ;B. fJe tko r'bh ub iKdh sK p?ob row j' iKdh. fJ; s'AfgS'A sK r'bhnK ubdhnK jh ofjDhnK ;B. p?ob B/ row jh ofjDk ;h. j[D T[j nkgDh ;N/BbJh fBZx feE'A b? e/ nkt/ < T[jB/ fJXo T[Xo t/fynk, e[M itkB w'ou/ ;zGkbh r'bhnK dkr oj/;B. e[M nkgD/ jfEnkoK s/ fyM/ j'J/ ;B. e[M B/ fJjBK MrfVnK s'A p/bkr j' e/ nk\oh fjuehb? bJh ;h.

;{p/dko g{oB f;zx B/ wz{j Bkb roB/v dh fgzB fyZuh s/ nrKj ƒ ;oe oj/ d[PwD d/ f;gkjhnK’s/ g{o/ skD Bkb roB/v d/ wkfonk. n?B T[;/ t/b/ fJe j'o fGnkBe Xwkek j'fJnk i' roB/v cNDd/ yVke Bkb'A fes/ fInkdk ezB gkVtK ;h. T[jd/ fgZS/ gjkVh fsVe e/ po| j/mK ƒ foZp tKr trDhP[o{ j' rJh ;h. T[; w[V e/ fgSKj t/fynk s/ pukn bJh T[~E'A T[~m e/ BZ;Dk ukfjnk, go po| dhrko fijh T[jd/ T[~s'A dh nrKj tr rJh.

T[jd/ bJh ;w[Zuk tksktoD PKs j' frnk.d[PwD dh r'bh dk itkp T[j r'bh Bkb d/ ;ed/ ;B, go rb/Phno dh d[PwDh d/ itkp ftu

T[jBK e'b pukn dk p; sobk fijk jh ;h.po| j/m dZfpnk T[j nu/s/ jh I'o I'o dh jZE g?o wkoB bZr fgnk fit/A gkDh ftu s?o fojk

j't/. fJ; soQK eoB Bkb J/Bk e[ j' frnk fe T[jd/ ;kj b?D i'rh EK pDh ojh. T[jd/ f;oV B/ N[ZNDbZr/ ;kj T[jƒ w[V ;"Ag fdZs/.

po| s'A pkjo nk e/ T[j fezBh d/o sZe Y/oh j'fJnk T[~E/ jh fgnk fojk. id'A fIjB s'A p/j'Phdh Xz[d g/sbh gJh sK T[j nkgD/ nkg tZb gofsnk.

T[; t/b/ th po| g? ojh ;h. MZyV dk I'o th xZN BjhA ;h j'fJnk. d'jK fXoK tb'A r'bhnKubDhnK pzd j' u[ZehnK ;B, go s{|kB dk o"bk pj[s tZX frnk ;h.

76

T[; o"b/ T[~s/ jB/o/ dk b/n ufVQnk j'fJnk ;h.T[jB/ d;skB/ tkb/ jZE Bkb fJe tkoh fco n?Be s'A po| ;k| ehsh s/ jZEK dk T[jbk eoe/ fBrkj

wo/ j'J/ eK s'A nrKj b? frnk.T[jd/ j/mbk ;kj j/mK ofj frnk.T[jd/ ;kEhnK dhnK bkPK fJXo T[Xo fybohnK gJhnK ;B. po| B/ T[jBK ƒ J/Bk e[ b[ekn

fbnk ;h fe T[j p/soshp epoK tKr fd; oj/ ;B.rb/Phno f;o| po| BjhA ;h. T[~E/ |;b th T[rdh ;h, w[ofdnK dh |;b.fJjBK s'A gfjbK th po| j/m pj[s iD/ ;B. e[M fuo ƒ fJjBK T[~s/ th po| dh fJe

w'Nh gos izw ikt/rh. T[j po| dk fjZ;k j' ikDr/. fJjBK s'A fgS'A th gsk BjhA j'o e"D e"DnkT[Dr/. bkPK po| dh oIkJh skD e/ jw/PK bJh gJhnK ofj ikDrhnK.

T[j T[jBK ƒ J/vh S/sh BjhA woB d/t/rk.T[j B/Vbh bkP e'b ufbnk frnk. e'b p?m e/ T[; bkP d/ fujo/ s'A po| ;k| ehsh s/ T[jd/

fujo/ tZb M[e frnk fit/A e'Jh rZb efj fojk j't/. nrb/ gb T[j T[~m yb'sk s/ okJh|b u[Ze e/w'J/ ;?fBe d/ f;ojkD/ tkb/ gk;/ g[Zmh oZy fdZsh.

nk\oh ;b{N d/D s'A gfjbK ;{p/dko g{oB f;zx B/ T[; ;?fBe dh nkswk dh PKsh bJh gqkoEBkeoBh ukjh sK T[jƒ ;?fBe dk Bkw jh :kd Bk nkfJnk.

“\?o ` T[; dk i' th Bzpo ;h, Bkw ;h, T[j fpBK e[M ikfDnK, ;wfMnK pjkdoh Bkb bfVnks/ wo frnk.” ;{p/dko g{oB f;zx B/ T[; ;?fBe ƒ bVfdnK j'fJnK BjhA ;h t/fynk, go J/Bh e[ gqkoEBkeoBh sK tkip jh ;h.

T[jB/ ;?fBe dh bkP ƒ ;KGD bJh N'fJnk g[ZND pko/ ;'funk s/ fco f\nkb fsnkr fdZsk. nZis'A gfjbK th w'fJnK bJh edh fe;/ B/ N'nk BjhA ;h g[ZfNnk.

;?fBeK dhnK bkPK ƒ ;KGD dk ezw j[D po| dk ;h.T[jB/ ftdkfJrh ;b{N fdZsk s/ nrb/ ;?fBe dh bkP tZb nj[fbnk. jo fJe dh bkP ’s/ T[jB/

fJe' ekotkJh d[jokJh s/ fco HHHHHH s/ fco fJe bkP T[~s/ T[j M[fenk jh ofj frnk. T[; bkP dk nZXk f;o jh rkfJp ;h.

r'b/ dk e'Jh N[eVk ;oho dk T[j fjZ;k jh s'V e/ b? frnk ;h. T[j c/o th T[; nbz{J/A fujo/ ƒ gSkD;edk ;h. T[j fBo;zd/j e'Jh j'o BjhA ;h, fizdo ;h.

fijBhA fdBhA T[jBK dh gbNB ƒ rb/Phno ’s/ ikD dk j[ew fwfbnk ;h, T[jBhA fdBhA jh T[je[M fdBK bJh fgzv S[ZNh frnk ;h. Xh j[D fBZeh BjhA ;h, go J/Bh tZvh th BjhA ;h fe f|eo ƒwZE/ d/ w[VQe/ tKr gz{M d/t/.

;{p/dko g{oB f;zx B/ T[d'A Xh d/ ;zf;nK ƒ nkgDh dbhb Bkb wkoBk ukfjnk ;h, “fceo ekjdkj? < po| nZr sK BjhA j[zdh. c/o w?A th fejVk fizdo s'A e'Jh d{o p?mk j'fJnk jK <”

T[; mhe jh fejk ;h. T[; t/b/ T[j J/Bk e[ eohp p?mk j'fJnk ;h fe nkgDh Xh d/ ;[jkr dhbkP ƒ nkgD/ nzdo wfj;{; eo fojk ;h.

77

s'gK^pzd{eK dk x'Vk dZpD tkb/ jZE ;?fBeK d/ fi;w Bkb Io{o bNe oj/ ;B, go T[jBK d/ nkgD/BjhA ;B. T[j nkgD/ jZEK dh p/t;h ’s/ fyM frnk. T[jB/ nzpo tZb wz{j eoe/ T[~uh ;koh rkbQ eZYh.

go T[~E/ ;[DB tkbk e"D ;h <T[j po| d/ fJe T[~u/ fNZb/ ’s/ ik ufVQnk s/ fco brksko T[~uh^T[~uh rkjbK eZYh frnk.T[jdhnK ;kohnK dhnK ;kohnK rkjbK po|hb/ s{|kB dhnK nktkIK ftu rtku rJhnK.T[jB/ fgZSK G'A e/ t/fynk. Pjhdh dh |;b po| dh wko j/m ;h. g[ZmhnK rZvhnK j'JhnK okJh|bK

j"bh^j"bh po| j/m b[e ikDrhnK `po| `HHH po| HHH` HHH po| èhjƒ fezBh po| ukjhdh ;h, fJjdk e'Jh fj;kp BjhA ;h. fizBh e[ po| d'jhA gk;hA gJh j'Jh

;h fJjdk th e'Jh fj;kp BjhA ;h. T[j c/o th bV oj/ ;B, po| ykso bV oj/ ;B.po| dk s{|kB gfjbK tKr jh wz{j I'o ;h, go fijVk s{|kB T[jd/ nzdo ikr fgnk ;h, T[j

pkjob/ s{|kB Bkb'A fes/ tZvk ;h. T[j T[~uh nktkI ftu uhfenk, “G[ZfyU ` fezBh po| ukjhdhj? s[jkƒ <”

T[jd/ ;tkb d/ itkp ftu s{|kB fit/A fJe fSD bJh yb' frnk.T[j M[e e/ dkDk yzv torh po| ;kjwD/ MZND bZr fgnk, “n?j bt' ` HHH j'o bt' ` HHH

j'o HHH`”T[jƒ nukBe fit/A e[M :kd nk frnk. T[jd/ jZE EkJ/A o[e rJ/. T[j fJe fSD nX M[fenk fijk

yb'sk fojk s/ fco w[V fgSb/ gk;/ po| MZND bZr fgnk, “bU `HHH s[;hA th bU `HHH s[;hA th G[Zy/U `HHH n? bU `”

T[j po| d/ fNZp/ ’s/ yb'sk gkrbK tKr edh fJe gk;/ po| ;[ZND bZr g?Adk s/ edh d{i/gk;/. T[j p'bh ik fojk ;h, go T[jd/ p'b po| ftu jh mo oj/ ;B. T[jdh nktkI fes/ BjhA ;hgj[zu ojh.

mhSz{ `nk\oh ;kj frD oj/ fe;/ I\wh f;gkjh dh r'bh po| dh ukdo gkV e/ T[jd/ nko^gko j' rJh.

T[j T[~E/ jh fvr fgnk. T[jB/ T[~mD dk isB ehsk s/ w[V Y/oh j' frnk.T[; t/b/ gsk BjhA T[j wB[Zy dh Iwho ;h fe po|K ’u GNedh j'Jh e'Jh o{j fJe w"s jh ;h

fijVh T[; p/̂ xo/ ƒ nkgD/ xo oZy ;edh ;h.HHH s/ T[j wo frnk.rb/PhnoK dh uheK wkodh s/I jtk nbkj[DhnK rkT[Adh j"bh^j"bh v[;eD bZr gJh.po| T[jdh d/j ƒ j"bh^j"bh YZe ojh ;h.nuBu/sh po| T[jd/ fJe gkf;T[A j/mK p?m rJh. fNZb/ T[~s/ gJh T[jdh w[odk d/jh N/Yh j' rJh

s/ fco d[PwD tkb/ gk;/ foVQ rJh.T[j foVQ e/ fJXob/ gk;/ th nk iKdk sK e'Jh |oe BjhA ;h g?Dk. T[j tosD tkbh P?n ;h

s/ tofsnk ik u[Zek ;h.

78

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

MZyV—jB/oh l r'mVhnK—r'v/ w{X/ wko e/ l joes—fjbkDk l fjw^wkBt—po| Gkt ;\s;fEshnK Bkb NZeo b?D tkbk wB[Zy l x'oBk—N'nk l y'fgnK—tZvhnK n?BeK l wB|h—Iho' l nb'eko—nB'yh l w[jkI—cozN l ftPkb dkBt—tZvk d?As, okyP, fizB l nDfenk;hnK—ebgBk s'A goQ/ l f;oV—fIZd, jm, gZek fJokdk, fdqVQsk l ;zf;nK—PzfenK.

;kfjse fN~gDh

fJj ejkDh pochbh u'NhnK ’s/ :[ZX bV oj/ fJe c"ih gkso d/ wkfXnw okjhA wB[Zyh ;kj;, f;oVs/ ;zxoP d/ nDEZe iIp/ ƒ g/P eodh j?. ejkDh d/ nzs ftu b/ye B/ c"ih ƒ ‘tosD tkbh P?n’efj e/ jkew iwksK T[~s/ b[et/A o{g ftu ftnzr ehsk j?.

gqPB

t~v/ gqPB

gqPB 1H ejkDh ftubk ;{p/dko g{oB f;zx po| d/ dkBt Bkb fet/A i{fMnk < ft;sko ;fjsikDekoh fdU.

gqPB 2H ejkDheko B/ ;{p/dko g{oB f;zx d/ wB'GktK ƒ fezi g/P ehsk j? <gqPB 3H po| d/ dkBt rb/Phno Bkb ;pzXs fds/ t/ot/ ƒ nkgD/ PpdK ’u fby'.

S'N/ gqPB

j/m fbyhnK N{eK ƒ gVQ e/ j/mK fdZs/ gqPBK d/ T[~so fby' L^“rb/PhnoK dh uheK wkodh s/I jtk nbkj[DhnK rkT[Adh j"bh^j"bh v[;eD bZr gJh.”gqPB 1H T[go'es N{eK fejVh s/ fe; dh ejkDh ftZu'A bJhnK rJhnK jB.gqPB 2H ‘nbkj[DhnK rkT[D’ s'A eh Gkt j? s/ fJE/ feT[A tofsnk frnk j? <

b/ye pko/ ikDekoh

iBw L ;fjz;ok, fIbQk nzfwqs;o (gzikp)(4H10H1941)

feZsk L b?|NhB?AN eoBb d/ nj[d/ s'A ;/tk^w[es j' e/ ;[szso b/yD ekoi tZb o[fusgqekPB L ejkDh ;zrqfj^ e'ok ekrI (1966),

;Z[eh Bdh dk s?oke (1976),g"fdnK tKr T[r/ fi;w (1977),B" w?BI b?Av (1977),tkto'bk (1980) bzwh ejkDh,gBkjrho (1984),

79

nbh pkpk s/ gkrb jtk (1988),s'PkykBk (1993) u'DthnK ejkDhnK;w[zdo tZb y[bQdh fyVeh (1995),izrb Nkg{ (1989)izrb p{N (2000) u'DthnK 51 ejkDhnKuZN/ j'J/ g?o (2001)

;zgoe L 582, |/I^3 J/, w[jkbh (gzikp)

80

nkgDk nkgDk fj~;ktfonkw f;zx ;zX{

(1945)

wZM ƒ pkjo eZY e/ y[obh ftu s{Vh s/ SNkbk obkT[AfdnK x[Zd{ B/ wZM dhnK Bk;K ftu'A T[vdhjtkV ƒ sZfenk s/ Xko eZYD bJh pkbNh fbnkT[D tk;s/ nktkI fdZsh, fco wZM d/ fgzv/ ’s/ gkJhr'j/ Bkb fbpVh gkNh doh ƒ ;{s ehsk ns/ gkb/ Bkb ezpd/ nzrK ƒ ekp{ ftu eoB dh e'fPP eodk,X[zd ftu'A d{o uVQd/ ;{oi tZb t/yD bZrk. go X[zd sK ;{oi ƒ fJzi BZg e/ p?mh ;h, fit/A e'Jh seVkGbtkB wkV/ GbtkB dh frZuh ’s/ r'vk fdZsh p?mk j't/. x[Zd{ dk jZE ;fji/ jh T[; dh X"D ’s/ubk frnk. eJh ;kb gfjbK GbtkBh eofdnK T[; B/ nkgD/ T[;skd fizd/ gZXoh tkb/ d/ ns/ j'oGbtkBK d/ r'fvnK dh wko I'o eofdnK s/ x[bfdnK MZbh ;h. T[Ai th T[; dh ftP/Psk Ykj[D Bkb'AYfjD ftu tX/o/ ojh ;h. fJ;/ bJh jh sK T[jBK d/ fgzv d/ pkp/ ‘Mob’ B/ T[jƒ wy"b Bkb fejk;h, “T[J/ Xofwnk ` G?D d/fDnK feZvk s/ok ;oho nk. i/ o'I YfjD dk jh ezw cVBk ;h sK J/dz{uzrk ;h eziok s/o/ ;oho ’u'A w'S/ eoe/ d' pzd/ pD iKd/—fJe jZb tkfjnk eodk s/ fJe gZm/ gkT[Adk.oZp th ;j[o/ ƒ Ne/ dh neb BQhA HHH” s/ ;ko/ GoktK u'A S'Nk Xowk ‘x[Zd{’ jh ofj frnk ;h. j[DT[j Bk GbtkB ;h s/ Bk jh X"D T[~s/ fe;/ r'v/ dk vo. go fco th T[jƒ bZrk T[jd/ X"D fit/A X"Veo ojh j't/. T[; dh X"D ’s/ fJj fe; dk r'vk ;h `

wZM u'D bJh, GkVk s/ pkbNh bJh nkT[Adh G?D puB' fijVh wK d/ woB s/ fi; fdB dh ;j[foT[AnkJh ;h, fJE/ jh ;h. x[Zd{ ƒ pkbNh cVk e/ gZfmnK ’s/ nkNk X{VB bZrh.

x[Zd{ wZM d/ fgzv/ ’s/ Ekgh wko e/ j/mK pfj frnk.“j?A thok t/y/A Bk d't/A tZv/ GkT[ nkT[D Jh tkb/ B/ HHH tZvk GkT{ oks dk eow ;z{j e'b nZv/ s/

nk frnk j'Dk HHH t/y/A Bk HHH sz{ fijVk ;kpQ eskp pDdk HHH T[jBK Bkb Bp/V b? HHH t/y/A Bk HHH wKdk ’eZm th eoBk j'fJnk HHH T[jd/ c[Zb th jodtko b? e/ ikD/ nK HHH f;nkfDnK nkfynk b/yk wktKXhnK dk HHH t/y/A Bk HHH.”

x[Zd{ ƒ pVh fyZM nkJh.“fJj nk rh tZvh p/p/ w?ƒ wZsK d/B tkbh.”T[j nkgD/ s'A S'Nh puB' pko/ ;'udk Ifjoh E[Ze nzdo bzxk frnk, “eZb dh G{sBh HHH.”puB'A p'bh ik ojh ;h, “t//y/A Bk HHH w?ƒ gsk s/ok jZE szr nk HHH go fJj ezw th ne;o eoB/

j'J/. w?A sK tZfvnK ƒ th nkfynk ;h HHH sQkvk ;od? HHH sQkvk jZE y[b? HHH e'Jh BhA HHH t/y/A Bk HHHT[j nZr'A nKjd/ n;hA ykD bJh dkD/ Jh yVd/ nK. HHH IwhB th fJj w[ys ’u tkjh iKd? HHHt/y/A Bk HHH ;ko/ s/o/ GkJhJ/ nor/ fet/A j' ikD HHH ;ko/ w[by s/ G?DK nkgDk fjZ;k bJh iKdhnK goT[jB/ edh fJe tkoh th BQhA nkfynk HHH.”

81

x[Zd{ fit/A rb ftu vZek fdZsh p?mk ;h, uhe jh fgnk, “U sz{ th b? ikj s/ T[j th b? ikD HHHIwhB ;j[oh B/ tVk w?ƒ eko{z gksPkj pDk ’sk HHH.”

T[~uh uhethA nktkI ;[D e/ s/ I'o Bkb ED BZfgnk ikB eoe/ wZM G[Ve gJh. x[Zd{ fgZm goB/fvZr fgnk. pukT[AfdnK th E'VQk e[ d[ZX v[bQ jh frnk. T[; T[~m e/ G"VQk u[Ze fbnk s/ wZM ’s/ekVQ ` ekVQ `` toQ fgnk.

“t/y/A Bk HHH f;ZfXnK ƒ g[Zmk nkT[Ad? HHH”, p[Vp[VkT[Adh puB'A “G{z Gz{” eodh pkbNh cV e/ s[o rJh.“fJjB/ p/IpkB B/ s/ok eh ftrkfVnk <” u"Ae/ ’u'A T[~m e/ x[Zd{ dh gsBh osBh uheh, “j'oBK dk

;kV ftuko/ gP{ s/ feT[A eZYdk fcodK HHH.”wZM vo e/ y[obh d/ fJe pzB/ ezB yV/ eoe/ v?ApohnK nZyK Bkb ‘fywK ikuBk’ dh w[dok ftu

yVh ezph ik ojh ;h.d{o'A w'No ;kJheb dh nktkI ;[DkJh fdZsh. x[Zd{ vzroK dhnK y[obhnK ftu n?t/A jZE wkoB bZr

fgnk. eZ[fsnK d/ G"AeD d/ Bkb Bkb nktkI B/V/ nkT[Adh rJh s/ E'VQh d/o pknd w'No ;kJheb T[jBKd/ dotkI/ nZr/ nk yV'sk. osBh B/ f;o ’s/ gZbk b?AfdnK fvT[Yh dk dotkIk y'fbQnk, T[jd/ d't/Ai/m ;toB f;zx s/ eow f;zx ;B. T[jBK w'No ;kJheb fvT[Yh ftu'A bzxk e/ eZu/ ftjV/ ftu yVkeo fdZsk. tZv/ ;toB f;zx B/ nkgDhnK nZyK s'A n?BeK bkjhnK, o[wkb Bkb T[jBK ƒ ;k| ehsk s/fco d;skB/ gfjB/ jZEK bkb Utoe'N s'A f;ZbQ ƒ gz{Mdk fvT[Yh ftu gJ/ nkgD/ fgT[ fpPB f;zx d/fp;so/ tZb tfXnk, S'N/ eow f;zx B/ row b'Jh dh p[Zeb ;tkoh s/ fsZb/ tkbh i[Zsh j/mK bZrk r'jkT[skoB bJh g?o ƒ u"Aso/ dh tZN Bkb x;kT[AfdnK puB'A tZb wz{j ehsk.

“x[Zd{ feZE/ nk <”puB'A B/ p[Zeb ’u'A pKj eZY e/ vzroK tZb ehsh, fiE/ w'No ;kJheb d/ yVke Bkb feZbk g[Nk rJ/

tfjVe/ ƒ xZ[d{ cV fojk ;h.“U nk GJh GbtkBk ` osk wPtok eo bhJ/. Gk ih j[oK s'A th o'I o'I ƒ S[ZNh BhA nkfJnk

iKdk HHH w?ƒ th ;" ezw ofjzd/ B/ HHH Bkb/ p[YVh d/ c[Zb i/ sK ikDk sz{ ;jh HHH s/ i/ w?A ikDk sK;jh HHH rzrk gk nkJhJ/ HHH.”

“nkT[Bk” x[Zd{ B/ p/gotkjh Bkb itkp fdZsk s/ g[ZN/ j'J/ feZb/ Bkb pZMk tfjVe/ dk oZ;k y'bQdknkgD/ w[zv/ ƒ efjD bZrk, “eke{ wzik eZY e/ pkg{ nktd/ e'b fvT[Yh ’u vkj HHH.”

fJ; s'A gfjbK fe eke{ wzik fbnkT[Adk, p[ZY/ fePB f;zx B/ fejk, “eke{ y[o;h b? nk”, s/T[j f;ZXk j' e/ fJe gk;/ ƒ fy;e e/ p?m frnk s/ ;toB f;zx bJh ‘UBk fuo’ p?mD bJhwzih s/ EK ykbh eo fdZsh. go ;toB f;zx gZr dk gZbk mhe eodk wzih bkr/ yV'sk dkVQhgb';D bZrk.

;toB f;zx fszBK GoktK ’u'A ;G s'A tZvk s/ gfVQnk fbfynk ;h. nkgDh fjzws Bkb gVQ e/ T[jUto;hno bZr frnk ;h s/ uzrh ‘ewkJh’ eodk ;h. T[j Pfjo jh e'mh gk e/ ofj fojk ;h. fJe'fJe Xh T[; B/ uzr/ xo ftnkj bJh ;h. d't/A w[zv/ th uzrhnK B"eohnK ’s/ bZr/ j'J/ ;B. uzr/ s/ tZv/b'eK Bkb T[jdk ;zgoe ;h, b?D d/D ;h, fwbtosD ;h. fJe nkgDk jh ftP/P dkfJok pD u[Zek ;h.

82

fgzv T[; dk nkT[D ikD xZN jh ;h. fijVh d' YkJh feZb/ IwhB T[; d/ fjZ;/ nkT[Adh, T[j x[Zd{ jhtkj[zdk ;h s/ T[j pe"b T[; d/ “ykD bJh ;kb d/ dkD/ jh yVdk ;h.” nkgD/ nzrK^;keK s/ :koK^d';sKftu T[j fJj' jh efjzdk fe T[; B/ IwhB x[Zd{ ƒ w[|s jh fdZsh j'Jh j?.

eke{ y[o;h b? nkfJnk. b'j/ dh fJj fJe' fJe e[o;h pV/ ;kbK s'A T[jBK d/ xo ;h.“g[Zs ` y[o;h s/ eZgVk c/o b? Iok”, p[ZYV/ fpPB f;zx B/ nkgDh T[~v/ ozr tkbh yZdo d/ nwo/

dh oIkJh ƒ mhe ehsk s/ nkgD/ e/;K dh iN{oh eoe/ ezpd/ jZEK Bkb w?bh gZr f;o ’s/ bg/ND bZrk.fpPB f;zx id'A th ;toB f;zx d/ ;kjwD/ j[zdk ;h, T[jdh nt;Ek fJzi jh j[zdh, fit/A e'Jh iZNsfj;hbdko d/ ;kjwD/ yVk j't/. T[j T[; ƒ fe;/ j'o jh fwZNh dk pfDnk bZrdk, fijVh vkYh;k| l tXhnk s/ uheBh j't/. fi; d/ \po/ r[ZvhnK s/ pkt/ pDd/ jB. ;toB d/ ofjD^;fjD s/ T[;dh g'uk gkuh d/ ;kjwD/ T[j nkgD/ nkg ƒ vkYk y[odok fijk wfj;{; eodk. fJ; bJh Pfjo ike/ T[j edh th ;toB d/ xo d/ e{b/ fij/ wkj"b ftu pj[sh d/o BjhA ;h fNe ;fenk. T[; ƒ bZrdkfit/A T[jd/ g?o T[; xo ftu mhe soQK Bk T[~m oj/ j'D. T[jdh ƒj s/ g'so/ g'sohnK T[jƒ fit/A x{ox{o t/yd/ j'D. T[jƒ brdk fit/A e'Jh fwZNh d/ x[ofBnK ftu y/vd/ ;j/ ƒ ;zrwowo dh r[|k ftuSZv nkfJnk j't/.

eke{ B/ e[o;h ;k| eo fdZsh. fpPB f;zx, ;toB ƒ fJe^tuB iK pj[̂ tuB ftu ;zp'XB eoBdh d'̂ fush ftu jh ;h fe ;toB e[o;h ’s/ p?m frnk. nfij/ ;w/A fpPB f;zx eJh tko nkgD/ nkg’u vkYk eZuk fijk j[zdk. T[jdk nkgDk nkg j[zrko T[mdk, “fJj fejVk t?;okJ/ dk ph n?, w/ok w[zvkJh n? HHH w?A feT[A <”

eow f;zx nkg jh wzik u[Ze e/ fvT[Yh ftu b? nkfJnk. T[j x[Zd{ s'A d' ;kb tZvk ;h. gVQkJhtb'A bkgotkj s/ PokosK ’u Bzpo fJe. T[j ;zsh wfjoh d/ pkbD ftu p;sk b[ek e/ jkDhnK BkbfyZd'̂ yz{vh y/vD fBeb iKdk s/ S[ZNh j'D ;w/A p;sk u[Ze xo ik tVdk. S'Nk j'D eoe/ x[Zd{ T[jd/ Bkbjh ofjzdk. fJeZm/ jh T[j ;e{b rJ/ s/ fJeZm/ jh gVQkJh ftu/ SZv e/ T[j xo d/ ezw ftu fgT[ dhwdd eokT[D bZr gJ/.

itkBh uVQfdnK jh eowk sK gKvh pD e/ ;wrfbzr dk wkb Y'D bZr fgnk s/ x[Zd{ fi;w dkskIk s/ jZvK^g?oK dk y[bQk j'D eoe/ GbtkBh. eow/ dk gKvh j'Dk sK ;[ekoE/ nkfJnk. j"bh j"bhT[jB/ pb?e d/ wkb ftu nkg fjZ;k gZsh oZyDk P[o{ eo fdZsk. nZi j'oêbQ j'o. s/ eowk th bkrb/e;p/ d/ u"Ae ftu nkgDk wekB pDtk e/ mkm Bkb ofj fojk ;h. v/noh s/ w[orhykBk y'bQ ofynk;h. T[jd/ xo g{oh bfjo pfjo ;h.

s/ GbtkBh eodk eodk Xow f;zx x[Zd{ dk x[Zd{ jh ofj frnk ;h. fgT[ tkbh jb dh izxh T[;d/ jZE ;h. pkp/ ‘Mob’ B/ Gkt/A wy"b ftu jh T[jd/ d' pzd/ pD ikD, fJe d/ jb tkj[D s/ d{i/ d/gZm/ gkT[D dh rZb ehsh ;h—go x[Zd{ ;ZuhA jh tkjh ftu d{D/ I'o Bkb bZrk fojk ;h. T[j nkgDhtZb'A sK s/I d"VB dk pj[s :sB eodk, go ;[gB/ ftu vo e/ GZiD tkfbnK tKr, T[; dk jo u[Zfenkg?o nZr/ Xo/ ikD dk BK jh BjhA ;h b?Adk. fit/A e'Jh }?ph Pesh T[jd/ bZe ƒ iZck wkoh fgSKj fyZuhfbik ojh ;h.

83

tfjVe/ dk feZbk rZvfdnK x[Zd{ fiT[A jh feZb/ ƒ ;ZN wko fojk ;h, T[jƒ bZr fojk ;h fit/AfJj ;ZN T[jd/ nkgD/ f;o ftu tZih j't/ ns/ T[j jo ;ZN Bkb jh Xosh d/ nzdo fBZxodk ik fojkj't/. wB jh wB T[j d'jK GoktK Bkb ehsh ikD tkbh rZbpks pko/ ;'u fojk ;h. d'jK GoktK pko/;'u e/ T[j M[zibk T[fmnk s/ shih G?D puB'A HHH < T[| ` fJj e/j/ foPs/ ;B.

tZv/ s/ T[; ƒ fyZM ;h fe T[j nzrK^;keK d/ ;kjwD/ x[Zd{ ƒ :shw fijk pDk e/ g/P eodk;h. dkD/ fbik e/ th IwhB pko/ fJzi efjzdk ;h fit/A x[Zd{ ƒ dkB eo fdZsh j't/. IwhB x[Zd{ s'ASZvh BjhA ;h iKdh iK SZfvnK T[; dk r[Ikok BjhA ;h j[zdk. go J/dK ‘w[|s d/ nfj;kB’ j/mK T[;s'A dZfpnk th BjhA ;h iKdk—s/ eow f;zx sK pokpo dk fjZ;k th tzvk e/ b? iKdk ;h, go fJj thfJsokI eodk ;h fe x[Zd{ d/ jZEK ftu poes BjhA. T[jƒ fjZ;/ ftu'A e[M BjhA pudk. ni/ ebQ wKd/ c[Zb u[DfdnK T[j nkgD/ GDtZJhJ/ ƒ efj fojk ;h, “GkJhnk ` n?sehA w/oh ;bkj J/ fgzv nkbhd' feZb/ nkg jh No?eNo Bkb tkj e/ wZMK bJh gZm/ phi SZvK. fJ; ’u'A pudk pukT[Adk sK nZr/e[S BhA.”

“wkVh rZb BQhA HHH wkVh rZb BQhA HHH uzrk oj/Ark HHH”, puB'A d/ xo tkbk p'fbnk ;h.x[Zd{ ƒ gsk ;h fe T[j T[; ƒ ;[Dk e/ rZbK eo oj/ ;B. T[j nzdo/ nzdo Gfonk ghsk p?mk

;h. p'fbnk e[M BjhA. IwhB sK nZr/ jh E'VQh ;h, i/ fJj d' feZb/ th jb j/m'A fBeb rJh < T[;ƒ f|eo ;h.

nkg sK T[j rZbK eoB'A fMiedk ;h. bk gk e/ ftubk pzdk G?D^GDtZJhnk ;h iK fgT[ fiBQK ƒT[j nkgDk d[Zy dZ; ;edk ;h. T[jBK dh wdd wzr ;edk ;h. go GDtZJhnk sK T[; d/ ;kjwD/ eowf;zx ƒ IwhB S[vk b?D bJh efj fojk ;h. s/ G?D puB'A B/ T[; dh wdd eh eoBh ;h. T[; ƒsK nZr/ jh fJsokI ofjzdk ;h fe tZv/ Gok^GoikJh T[; Bkb uzrk tosd/ ;B. T[; Bkb d[y^;[ytzvkT[D nkT[Ad/ ;B. n"y/ ;"y/ t/b/ ezw th nkT[Ad/ ;B. ;kb fSwkjh ;{N th pDk fdzd/ ;B. go x[Zd{;h fe n"y/ t/b/ wdd sK eh eoBhA—T[jƒ fwbD sK eh ikDk ` i/ feXo/ ;kb fSwkjh T[jdk w[zvknk frnk sK T[; pko/ efjzdh, “jkfJnk ` J/Bk Bw'jk ` w[zvk j'D s/ T[j' fijV/ uko go'b/ fij/fdZs/ ;h—pZ; HHH w/oh IpkB ;V i/—i/ fes/ w[zv/ ƒ d' NkehnK pDk e/ fdZshnK j'D iK fSZbV jh jZEofynk j't/. t/y/A Bk HHH n;hA fes/ fJjd/ g?;/ bhfVnK s/ Bk BQhA p?m/ HHH go fco th G?D^Gok dkjzwk j[zdk HHH t/y/A Bk HHH”, s/ T[j nZyK s/ uz[Bh c/oB bZr g?Adh.

x[Zd{ puB'A s'A nzdo'̂ nzdo G[Zfink fgnk ;h. T[; fdB wK dk ;;eko eoB s'A gfjbK fJPBkBeokT[D t/b/ wK d/ ezBK ftu gJhnK ;'B/ dhnK tkbhnK bkj e/ ftuekobh GoikJh ƒ cVk fdZshnK;B. T[j fit/A tkbhnK s/ bZs c/odh ojh ;h. fJe gb T[jƒ wK s/ th fyM nkJh. go c/o wK dkM[oVhnK Gfonk fujok s/ vz{xhnK uwedhnK nZyK :kd nkT[D s/ T[j wK d/ fgnko ftu fGZi frnk.fJe' wK jh ;h, fi; B/ T[jƒ nzsK dk fgnko ehsk ;h. ;dk T[jd/ jZe ftu vZN e/ p'bh ;h. fijVhrZb, fijVh GkPk ftu, fizB/ I'o Bkb efjDh ukj[zdk j[zdk, T[jdh wK T[j rZb T[; Bkb'A I'odko nzdkIftu fejk eodh. T[j' jh ;h, fijVh x[Zd{ pko/ efjzdh ;h, ‘fJj sK w/ok b'bQV g[Zs J/, G'bk Gkbk—fPtK tork HHH s[;hA sK ;G eKN/ U HHH.”

84

x[Zd{ ƒ n|;'; ;h fe T[j wodh j'Jh wK d/ e'b BjhA ;h. ;koh T[wo wK T[jd/ e'b ojh gowoB ;w/A T[; e'b'A ubh rJh. d' wjhB/ j'J/ T[; ƒ nukBe p[Zbk tZi frnk s/ gk;k wkfonk frnk.;toB f;zx wK dk gsk eoB nkfJnk sK T[j wK d/ toifdnK th T[; ƒ nkgD/ Bkb Pfjo b? frnksK fe T[; ƒ tZv/ j;gskb ftu dk\b eotk e/ fJbki eotk ;e/.

brgr v/Y wjhBk fJbki ubdk fojk, go p[ZYVk s/ ewI'o ;oho phwkoh dh wko Bk MZb ;fenk.s/ ofj frnk ;h pkeh p[ZYVk fpPB f;zx, fijVk T[;dhnK n"fynkJhnK ƒ ;wMdk ;h. T[; dh

szrh, fi; dh nkgDh szrh ;h. T[; B/ nkg i{ ;koh T[wo fe;kB dh i{B G'rh ;h. go T[j ftukokJ/Bk fBowkD s/ dZp{ iZN ;h iK fJzi efj bJhJ/ fe T[jd/ tZv/ g[ZsK d/ g?;/ dk ipQk T[; s/ e[M fJzip?mk ;h fe T[j T[Gk;o e/ e'Jh rZb T[jBK ƒ efj jh BjhA ;h ;edk.

“HHH U nk wK fdnk fPt ih ` HHH j?E/ feZb/ ƒ Jh mZe mZe eoh ikB?A HHH n;hA j'o th e'Jh ezweoB?A HHH”, eow f;zx B/ x[Zd{ ƒ nktkI wkoh.

x[Zd{ fwZNh Bkb fbZpV/ jZE s/V dh ukdo Bkb gz{Mdk T[~m yVk j'fJnk s/ j"bh j"bh s[odk fvT[Yhftu nkD e/ T[BQK e'b yVk j' frnk.

“pfj ik”, eow f;zx B/ x[Zd{ ƒ wzi/ ’s/ p?m ikD bJh fJPkok ehsk. puB'A th p[Zeb ;tkodhfgT[ dh g[nKdh nk p?mh.

“pI[ork ` Gk ih okshA w/o/ e'b nk r/ ;h. n;hA s[jkv/ Bkb wPtok eoB nkJ/ nK HHH.”“eo' wPtok HHH fijVk eoBk HHH eh rZb n? HHH”, fpPB f;zx B/ j"bh fijh dkVQh y[oeh.“t/y ;bkj Bkb obe/̂ nkg' ftu n;hA fijVh rZb eoKr/ HHH T[jd/ Bkb dh oh; BhA HHH”,

eow f;zx fJe gb o[fenk s/ ;kfonK d/ fujfonK tZb sZfenk. fco yz{xok wko e/ p'fbnk,“rZb fJe sK fJj n? fe wK dk ’eZm eoBk rZi ti e/ HHH ;ko/ nzr^;ke ;ZdD/ B/A HHH p[ZYVheowK nkbh HHH d'jfsnK g'fsnK tkbh j' e/ HHH T[wo G'r e/ rJh nk HHH T[jƒ tZfvnK eoBk HHH j?eh ;bkj n? <”

“g[Zs ` w/oh ;bkj eh j'Dh n? HHH go ;kv/ nor/ S'N/ pzfdnK ƒ ekjdk tZvk eoBk j'fJnk HHH”,fpPB f;zx dh N[ZNthA nktkI ;h.

“w?A th eow f;zx ƒ fejk fe fJj |I{b \ouh n? HHH fJj wzBdk BQhA HHH.”“U Gk ih ` GkJhukok nky{ ` uzr/ Gb/ g[Zs ewkT[Ad/ HHH g?;/ tkb/ HHH eh woh g?rh HHH s[jkv/ gfVQnK

fbfynK bJh j'T{ |I{b \ouh HHH Bkb/ s[jkƒ eh HHH s[;hA sK Pfjo ofjDk. J/E/ fwjD/ sK ;kƒ tZiD/B/ HHH”, eow f;zx ni/ p'b jh fojk ;h fe puB'A T[jdh rZb N[Ze e/ p'b gJh L

“jkj' HHH BjhA BjhA Gk ih, s[;hA th fej' fijhnK rZbK eod/ U HHH.” puB'A ;toB f;zx ƒ fsZyhj'e / gJh, “GkT{ eow ;z{j mhe nKjdk J/ HHH UXo w/o/ ;j[o/ sK fsnkohnK th eZ;h p?m/ j[D/ B/ HHHw?ƒ sK dokDhnK imkDhnK fSZehnK d/ d/ wko SZvDk HHH.”

x[Zd{ ƒ gsk ;h, fpPB f;zx d/ okjhA rZb T[; Bkb jh j' ojh ;h. T[; dk ihn ehsk puB'A d/tZN e/ ug/V wko/. ;toB f;zx mhe jh efj fojk ;h fe fJj |I{b \ouh j?. x[Zd{ ƒ nkgDk xofd; fojk ;h.

85

“t/y' GkJh ` w?A fgZS/ sK BQhA jNdk. fizBk \ou w/o/ fjZ;/ nkT[Adk, d; fdU nNk ;Nk gow/ok HHH”, ;toB f;zx p'fbnk.

x[Zd{ ƒ nk; ;h ;toB f;zx fJ; d/ fto'X ftu vN/rk. go T[jd/ ;jko/ dh bZi S/sh jh T[;d/ jZE'A fvr gJh s/ ;'uK s/ fceoK d/ y{j ftu XVzw fvr fgnk. T[j X[y fojk ;h s/ T[jd/ nzdojh nzdo Xz{nK fJeZmk j' frnk ;h.

“gzi ;Zs jIko sK ;fji/ bZr i{. Bkb/ Gk ih j[ohA efjzd/ nk ;skJh ;" o[g?nk wK dh phwkohs/ fJjBK you ehsk. nkgK fszBK ƒ B"A B"A ;" nkT[Adk HHH”, eow f;zx ;ko/ you dk ft;Eko dZ;fojk ;h.

wK dh phwkoh dk youk tzv/ ikD dh rZb ;[D e/ x[Zd{ ƒ XZek bZrk. T[j dzdK ftu p[ZbQ N[ZeD bZrk.T[jƒ ;[ZM BjhA ;h ojh, eh ej/̂ eh Bk ej/ <

“wK dh phwkoh s/ \ou eosk. fco eh n? < fJjB/ ftuko/ B/ ;koh T[wo T[jƒ o'Nh th sK ytkJhj?.” fpPB f;zx B/ fjzws eoe/ fit/A rZb efj jh fdZsh.

“b? t/y/A Bk pkg{ HHH nkj oJh BQh mhe HHH i/ fJjB/ o'Nh ytkJh sK ;koh T[wo rbZw th sK T[jfJjdk jh eodh ojh n?. fJjd/ fBnkD/ ;KG/, rz{j^w{s X'sk HHH”, puB'A p[Zeb ’u'A jZE eZY e/ gzikfjbk fjbk rZbK eo ojh ;h, “d/y' Bk wK fgT[ d/ fjZ;/ dh i?dkd th sK fco fJj' yKdk ;h HHH.”

“HHH sz{ HHH sz{ u[Zg th eo. tZvh tehbDh nk rh.” x[Zd{ uwe e/ fgnk. T[jdhnK Bk;K coeojhnK ;B. J/Bh mzY ftu th T[jdk wZEk GZy fojk ;h.

“b? HHH w?A BQhA pfjzdh HHH t/y/A Bk fJjƒ sK w?A Ifjo bZrdh nK HHH fBoQh HHH t/y/A Bk HHH b" w?ABQhA pfjzdh HHH”, puB'A jZE wkodh r[Z;/ ftu/ T[pbdh s[o rJh.

sDkT[ tkbk wkj"b pD ikD eoe/ eow f;zx B/ rZb NkbDh ukjh fe puB'A wz{j G[nk e/ fcop'b gJh, “HHH t/y/ Bk HHH w/ok fjZ;k th nk J/dK IwhB ’u HHH sz{ pj[sk nkfJnk HHH tehbDh s/tehbDh ;jh HHH.”

“ub' SZv' ` pkeh rZbK fco eo bKr/ HHH PKs j't' HHH”, s/ n?sehA f;ZXk x[Zd{ ƒ ;zp'XB j'fJnk,“Gk ih e'b sK N?w BQhA HHH p[ZYVh d/ c[Zb dZ; sz{ rzrk b? e/ ikD iK w?A HHH.”

d' fwzN x[Zd{ u[Zg eoe/ p?mk fojk. T[jd/ nzdo nB/eK ftuko fJe d{;o/ ƒ fbskVd/ j'J/, eZN^tZY e/ GZi/ ik oj/ ;B. gb Go bJh pkjobh X[zd fit/A T[jd/ nzdo g;o rJh ;h. T[j ;z[Bj'fJnk r[zw ;z[w p?mk fojk. s/ fco fit/A T[jdk X[ydk nzdo wZu fgnk j't/. T[j fJedw T[~m e/yV' frnk.

“t/y' ih ` s[jkv/ s'A e'Jh r[ZMh fSgh rZb BQhA HHH nkgK nk wo'V/ HHH nkgD/ s'A sK ni/ BQhAi/ fJj rzrk r[zrk g[ZrdhnK HHH”, T[j gb Go bJh o[fenk. ;zx ’u o[fenk E[Ze bzxkfJnk s/f;o MNe e/ p'fbnk, “i/ pj[sh rZb n? HHH sK p[ZYVh d/ c[Zb s[;hA rzrk gk fdU HHH s/ n?j p[ZYVkp?mk s[jkv/ ;kjwD/ fiT{Adk ikrdk HHH”, T[; fpPB f;zx tZb fJPkok ehsk—“fJjd/ w?A eZbQk Jhrzrk gk nkT{A HHH.”

fszB/ fgT[̂ g[Zs j?okB j'J/ T[; d/ wz{j tZb t/y oj/ ;B. go T[j o[fenk BjhA.

86

“HHH ;Zuh rZb nk HHH ni/ nkgDh g[Zis BQhA HHH s/ i/ fJj ;"dk BQhA wBI{o sK ;odko ;h HHHn"j feZbh ’s/ w/o/ shi/ fjZ;/ d/ c[Zb fbnk e/ Nzr fdU HHH id'A w/oh gj[zu gJh HHH w?A nkg/gk nkT{A HHH.”

s/ T[j T[jBK d/ ftjzfdnK ftjzfdnK wz{j x[ZN e/ nzdo ƒ s[o frnk.

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

SNkbk—jok ukok l w'S/—N'N/ l feZbk—gP{ ƒ pzBD bJh IwhB ftu rZvh j'Jh beV l ftjVek—pbQd dk pZuk l wPtok—;bkj l toifdnK—wBQK eoB d/ pknd l MZb—podkPs l T[Gk;o—fdbdh nktkI ƒ fe;/ ƒ efjDk.

;kfjse fN~gDh

fJj ejkDh nkX[fBeheoB d/ f;ZN/ ti'A g?dk j'J/ fe;kBh d/ nkofEe ;zeN ns/ ;z:[es gfotkoKd/ N[ZND ekoB GktBkswe foPfsnK s/ edoKêhwsK ftu tkgoh NZ[N GZi ƒ pVh pkoheh s/ ebksweskBkb fusodh j?. fJ; ejkDh ftu ;ZuhnK ;[ZuhnK gozgoe g/Av{ ns/ fBZiê/Adfos Pfjoh edoKêhwsK d/ sDkU ƒ pV/ ftnzrkswe sohe/ Bkb f;ofink frnk j?. fJ; ejkDh ftu x[Zd{ ;ZuhnK;[ZuhnK g/Av{ edoKêhwsK dk gqshe j? id fe T[; d/ Gok edoKêhwsK s'A NZ[N/ pzd/ dk nwkBth fpzpf;oid/ jB.

gqPB

t~v/ gqPB

gqPB 1H ‘nkg' nkgDk fjZ;k’ ejkDh fe; ;wZf;nk ƒ fusodh j? <gqPB 2H ejkDh ftubk fposKs gfotkoe ihtB ftu tkgoh fe; nfjw xNBk ƒ g/P eo fojk

j? < t/otk fdU <gqPB 3H ejkDh ftub/ gksoK ftu'A fe;/ fJe gkso dk gkso^fusoB eo' <gqPB 4H ;toB f;zx ns/ eow f;zx dh wkbh jkbs fej' fijh j? <gqPB 5H Xow f;zx dk BK x[Zd{ feT[A g? frnk <

S'N/ gqPB

j/m fbyhnK N{eK ƒ gVQ e/ j/mK fdZs/ gqPBK d/ T[~so fdU L^“n"j feZbh ’s/ w/o/ shi/ fjZ;/ d/ c[Zb fbnk e/ Nzr fdU id'A w/oh gj[zu gJh HH w?A nkg/ gknkT[A HHH.”gqPB 1H fJj N{eK fe; dh s/ fejVh ejkDh ftu'A bJhnK rJhnK jB <gqPB 2H fJj Ppd fe; B/, fe; ƒ ej/ ns/ feT[A ej/.gqPB 3H fJBQK okjhA b/ye ;wki d/ fejV/ tosko/ ƒ g/P eo fojk j? <

87

b/ye pko/ ikDekoh

iBw L fgzv uftzv/ ebK, fIbQk nzfwqs;o (gzikp)(10H9H1945)

feZsk L nfXnkgBgqekPB L ejkDh ;zrqfj ^ b'j/ d/ jZE (1971),

nzr ;zr (1981),GZihnK pkjhA (1987),u"Eh e{N (1999),fsZb c[Zb (2000),iZN dh i{B (2000),

;BwkB L ‘u"Eh e{N’ T[go ;kfjs nekdwh, fdZbh tb'A 2000 dk g[o;eko.;zgoe L 153, r'bvB n?thfBT{̂ 1, rVQk o'v, ibzXo^144032 (gzikp)

88

T[BQK t/fbnK dh r~b;[fozdo okwg[oh

(1949)

oki e"o ;kv/ fgzv dh ;ogzu u[Dh rJh ;h.fJj T[BQK t/fbnK dh rZb j? fiBQK t/fbnK ftu phph gqfsGk gkfNb ;kv/ d/P dh okPNogsh u[Dh

rJh ;h.e'Jh gb j[zdk j? id'A tes fJe' EK yVQk ofj iKdk j?. Bk nrKj ;oedk j? Bk fgSKj w[Vdk

j?. e[M xNBktK nfijhnK j[zdhnK jB fi~E/ tes dhnK ;{JhnK nV e/ yVQ iKdhnK jB. uzrhnKxNBktK ;w/A yV'sk tes ;dk w[;eokT[Adk ofjzdk j?. wkVhnK xNBktK ;w/A yV'sk tes fpN fpNsZedk ofjzdk j?, ed/ nkgD/ tZb ed/ b'eK tZb. T[j tes dod Bkb BghfVnk ofjzdk j?. nZEo{e/odk ofjzdk j?.

w/oh wK id'A e'Jh g[okDh xNBk ;[DkT[Adh j? sK ne;o efjzdh j?, “fJj jZfbnK t/b/ dh rZbj? GkJh.”

w/oh dkdh id'A nkgD/ pugB dh e'Jh :kd ;[DkT[Adh sK efjzdh, “fJj T[d'A dh rZb j? g[Zs id'Agfjbh gb/r gJh ;h.” gb/r dh fpwkoh dk vo w/oh dkdh d/ u/fsnK ’u'A wod/ dw se th BjhAfBefbnk ;h. B"A^d; ;kb dh pkbVh B/ gb/r Bkb xoK d/ xo ykbh j[zd/ nZyhA d/y/ ;B. gb/r d/dod B/ fJe pkbVh d/ nzrK s'A p[ZY/ jZvK sZe dk ;|o s?n ehsk ;h. T[j d;dh, “g[Zs fgzvK d/ fgzv\kbh j' rJ/ ;B. T[d'A vkeNo fe~E/ j[zd/ ;B fgzvK ftu. j;gskb th B/V/̂ s/V/ BjhA ;B. t?d^jehwdtk^dko{ eo fdzd/. b'e sK UjV^g'jV Bkb jh p[Zsk ;koh iKd/. fpwkoh jh fJj'̂ ih ;h, fijV/ xo,fijV/ fgzv tV iKdh \kbh eoe/ SZvdh. gzdoK ihnK d/ NZpo ’u'A w?A eZbh ikB puh. G{nk^c[ZcV B/gkfbnk s/ s/o/ dkd/ Bkb ftnkj ’sk.” tZ;d/ o;d/ xo ftu tZ;dh, g[ZsK^XhnK, g's/̂ g'shnK Bkb jZ;dhy/vdh w/oh dkdh d/ wB ftu'A ed/ edkJhA fJe jT[ek fBeb iKdk. T[j jT[ek i' T[; d/ wB ftu ;dkbJh t; frnk ;h. T[jh jT[ek T[; dh I[pkB ’s/ nk e/ nky fdzdk, “fJj T[BQK t/fbnK dh rZb n?g[Zs id'A gfjbh gb/r gJh ;h.”

oki e"o ;kv/ fgzv dh ;ogzu pD rJh ;h. fJj T[d'A dh rZb j? id'A phph gqfsGk gkfNb ;kv/d/P dh okPNogsh pD rJh ;h.

oki e"o ;kv/ fgzv dh ƒj ;h. gVQh^fbyh. ;[xV f;nkDh. B"itkB ghVQh dh B[wkfJzdk. oki e"onzrq/Ih ns/ wB'̂ ftfrnkB dh n?~wHJ/H ;h. gVQ/̂ fby/ gfoto dh Xh. \[Pjkb gfotko dh ƒj. T[jnrKjtX{ ftukoK dh XkoBh ;h. ftfrnkB ns/ wB'̂ ftfrnkB ƒ ;wMdh ;h.

oki e"o ;kv/ fgzv dh ;ogzu ;h. fJj T[; ;w/A dh rZb j? id'A ;[Bhsk ftbhnw g[bkV rkj e/;jh ;bkws w[V nkJh ;h.

89

rZb fJT[A pDh fe ;kv/ fgzv dh ;ogzuh, fJ;soh bJh okythA j' rJh. nukBe jh. ;ogzuh dhnKukjtkB d't/A fXoK j?okB, gq/PkB. ;G e[M Xfonk^ XokfJnk ofj frnk. xoK ftu nkT[Adh fd;dh;ogzuh d{o d{o j' rJh bZrD bZrh.

oki e"o dk ;j[ok w"i{dk ;ogzu ns/ nrbh ;ogzuh dk T[whdtko ;h. T[; ƒ nkgDh fiZs dkg{ok ftPtk; ;h. d{ih fXo th g{oh fsnkoh ftu ;h. pokpo dk w[ekpbk. oki e"o dk ;j[o/ gfotkog[okDk oZfink g[Zfink gfotko ;h. uzrh IwhBîkfJdkd ;h. fJZNK d/ GZm/ ;B. g?No'b gzg ;B. bkrb/Pfjo ftu nkVQs dh d[ekB ;h. d[ekB ’s/ T[; dk gsh jopho jh p?mdk. oki e"o dk ;j[ok sKg?No'b gzg ’s/ p?m e/ f;nk;s eodk. b'eK ƒ fwbdk^frbdk. fi; ƒ b'V jz[dh, gzg ’s/ jh gj[zuiKdk. g?No'b gzg fgzv ftu jh pkjo^tko, fcoBh d/ Bkb ;h.

d{ih fXo dk ;odko T[ikro f;zx th fe;/ rZb'A xZN BjhA ;h. T[; dh th u'yh IwhB ;h. bkrb/Pfjo jh nkVQs dh d[ekB th ;h.

oki e"o dk ;j[ok ns/ T[ikro f;zx Gkt/A eZNV fto'Xh ;B go T[jBK ftu ed/ th sb\êbkwhBjhA ;h j'Jh. d't/A eko'pkoh pzd/ ;B. nkg; ftu fwbd/̂ frbd/. fgzv dh ;ogzuh fJ;soh bJh okythAj'D Bkb d'tK dhnK nk;K ’s/ gkDh fco frnk. T[jBK d/ ;[gB/, ;[gB/ jh ofj rJ/.

T[ikro f;zx B/ nkgDh gkoNh dh whfNzr p[bkJh. ftuko^tNKdok j'fJnk. nk\o |?;bk j'fJnkfe g[okDh gzukfJs w?Apo phph joBkw e"o ƒ T[whdtko pDkfJnk ikt/.

oki e"o dk ;j[ok th nkgD/ ;kEhnK Bkb ;bkj wPtok eodk fojk. T[j ;'udk, T[whdtko seVkth j't/ ns/ j't/ th jZE dk. ;'uK^ftukoK ftu eJh fdB bzx rJ/. fJe fdB, oks dh o'Nh yKfdnKjopho B/ fejk, “pkg{ ih, nkgK nkgDh oki ƒ feT[A BjhA yVh eo fdzd/.”

“Bk pJh ;kT{, fJj ezw T[jd/ eoB dk BjhA. G'ok Go e[Vh n?. w?A fJjƒ gzukfJs ’utkV fdnK <”

“BjhA pkg{ ih, j[D ;ko/ ezw ;KGD/ sK s[jkE'A nrbh ghVQh B/ jh B/. Bkb/ oki gVQh^fbyh j?.ehjs'A xZN j? fJj. Bkb/ fiZsDk sK s[;hA jh j?.”

oki e"o dk ;j[ok d[fuZsh ftu fgnk fojk. jopho dh p/p/ B/ id'A fejk, “fJjd/ ’u wkVh rZbfejVh n?. w/oh ƒj ’u eh xkN?. Bkb/ ;ogzuh s/o/ xo ’u oj{,” sK T[jdh d[fuZsh d{o j' rJh.

T[j ;'udk, fJjBK dh rZb sK mhe j?. ;ogzuh sK w?A bVDh j?. w?A eoBh j?. gVQ/̂ fby/ T[whdtkodk bkG jh bkG j[zd?.

oki e"o ƒ g[ZfSnk frnk sK T[; J/Bk jh fejk, “fpZN{ S'Nk j? ni/.”

“b? e[V/, w[zvk S'Nk j? c/o eh j'fJnk. sz{ fejVk d|so ikD?A. nktd/ xo pfj e/ ;ogzuh eoBhn?. nkgD/ fgzv ’u ofjD?A. Bkb/ w?A fes/ nkgD/ g's/ ƒ th ;zGkb ’Bh ;ez{rh.” ;Z; dh rZb ;[D e/oki e"o u[Zg j' rJh. T[; dh u[Zg ƒ ;fjwsh ;wM fbnk frnk.

oki e"o d/ ;ogzuh dh T[whdtko pDB dh \po ;[D T[ikro f;zx v'b frnk. g?o'A fjZb frnk.

90

T[j ;'udk, ‘;odko B/ nkgD/ xo jh ;ogzuh oZy bJh. nkg ;ogzu j'fJnk iK xo dk e'Jh j'oihn. n?sehA ƒj ƒ yVQh eo fdZsk, nrKj ƒ g[Zs ƒ bhvo pDk d/T{. n;hA i/ fiZs th rJ/ sK th;ogzuh sK joBkw e"o d/ xo jh oj{. mhe j?, tfoQnK s'A T[j ;kv/ Bkb yVQh j?. T{A pzd/ dk fJspkoth eh j[zd?, ed'A pdb i/. feZE/ sK \[d nkg fgzv dk w[yh j'Dk. feZE/ d{;ok. f;nk;s ’u ehjdkfJspko j?.’ fco ;'udk, ‘fJspko sK eoBk jh g?Ad?. nkyo gkoNh th e'Jh uhI j[zdh j?.’ T[;B/ g{o/ X{w^XVZe/ Bkb joBkw e"o ƒ nkgDh gkoNh dh T[whdtko x'fPs ehsk. oki e"o ns/ T[; d/gfotko dk jo gZXo ’s/ fto'X eoBk P[o{ eo fdZsk. T[; dh gkoNh d/ pzd/ oki e"o fto[ZX nktkIT[mkT[D bZr/ L

“n?A e'Jh ykbk ih dk tkVk n?, pJh jo tko ;ogzuh fJjd/ xo ’u jh nkJh ikT{.”

“eZbQ dh e[Vh n?. fJj fet/A eo bT{ ;ogzuh. fJ; fgzv dh ;ogzuh eoBh fes/ y/v n?.”

“joBkw e"o g[okDh fyvkoB n?. ;koh T[wo fgzv dh f;nk;s ’u bk ’sh. jo/e d/ nV/̂ E[V/’u ezw nkT[Adh n?. n"y/ t/b/ jo/e dk p[Zsk ;kodh n?.”

“joBkw' ns/ oki' dk eh w/b j?. joBkw' sK fiZsh gJh j?.”

“;odko B/ fgSb/ gziK ;kbK ’u fejVk uzrk ezw ehs?, pJh fJjƒ t'NK g? ikDrhnK.”

“ftjVk sK n?sehA gfjbK jh BkokI j'fJnk fgn?.”

d{;o/ gkf;UA nktkIK nkT[AdhnK L

“fgzv ƒ gfjbh d|k J/BK gfVQnk^fbfynk ;ogzu B;hp j'D?.”

“j[D sK IwkBk jh gVQkJh dk j?. nBgVQ d/ sK j[D y/sh th t; ’u BjhA ojh.”

“T{A ;ogzu B/ dkn tXhnk wkfonk.”

“gfVQnk^fbfynk pzdk jh fgzv bJh roKNK fbnk ;ed?. ;oeko dhnK pE/ohnK ;ehwK B/, pzdkikDeko j't/ ;jh.”

fgzv d' XfVnK ftu tzfvnk frnk. fJe XVk oki e"o dhnK f;|sK eodk ;h. d{ik XVk joBkwe"o dhnK. d'jK fXoK B/ nkgD/ nkgD/ XfVnK d/ gzuK dh ;{uh ikoh eo fdZsh.

joBkw e"o Bkb gkoNh d/ eZNV pzd/ ;B. T[ikro f;zx d/ g[okD/ ;kEh p/bh. goy/ j'J/ pzd/.gZe/ toeo.

oki e"o B/ BthA ghVQh nkgD/ Bkb s'o bJh. BthA T[wo dhnK ƒjK^XhnK T[; dh fXo pD rJhnK.B"itkB w[zv/ jopho dh ;zrs ftu nk i[V/.

T[ikro f;zx ƒ ftjV/ dhnK t'NK ’s/ jh tZvh nk; ;h. fJjBK B/ jh fiZs jko dk fBp/VkeoBk ;h.

oki e"o B/ nkgDh u'D w[fjzw dk nkozG jh ftjV/ ’u'A ehsk. T[; ƒ b'eK d/ frb/ fPet/;[DB/ gJ/̂

91

“phph okDh j[D t'NK wzrD fejV/ wz{j Bkb nk rJh. nkgD/ ;j[o/ ƒ sK g[ZS b?Adh, fijB/ othdk;XowPkbk bJh nkJh ;koh roKN v'ro XowPkbk ’s/ brk fdZsh.”

“;kv/ fBnkD/ sK nwbh ehs/ gJ/ B/.”

“;kvk sK pkjo nzdo ikDk th n"yk j'fJnk fgn?.”

oki ns/ T[;dhnK ;woEe ;kohnK r~bK moQzw/ Bkb ;[DdhnK ojhnK. i/ e'Jh w{jfoUA p'bdk,T[; ƒ o'e fdzdhnK. T[j nkydhnK, fi; d/ Bkb XZek j'fJn? T[jB/ p'bDk sK j? jh. fJj nkgD/ d[yV/ehjƒ ;[DkT[D.

oki e"o w"ek ;zGkbdh p'bh, “d/y', G?D' s/ Gokt', fgZS/ i' j' frnk T[; dh fIzw/tko w?A BjhA. jK,w/ok :ehB efoU, i/ w?A fiZs rJh sK fgzv ftu ;G s'A gfjbk ezw othdk; XowPkbk dk j't/rk.;oeko s'A th roKN fbnktKr/, fgzv ’u'A th T[rokjh eo btKr/. ;oeko dh ;ehw nB[;ko xo^xoftu gykB/ pDktKr/. fe;/ Xhn^G?D ƒ y/sK ’u ikD dh b'V BjhA g?Dh.”

fJe BthA ftnkjh, T[; d/ e'b ƒ j[zdh p'bh, “nkj r'bhnK G[ZehnK tkfbnK dk eh j'T{ <”

“wjhBk sK fJj nkg fybkT[Dr/.” fJe wBubk p'fbnk.

oki T[; tZb Mkedh p'bh, “tho i/ w/o/ fe;/ pzd/ ƒ r'bhnK G[Zeh tzvd/ ƒ cV bt' sK w?ƒ fJeth t'N Bk gkfJU.”

nrb/ fdB oki e"o d/ ;j[o/ ƒ EkDk fJzukoi dk |'B nkfJnk, “;ogzu ;kfjp nZr/ sK fJjBKfdBK ftu dko{̂ f;Zek, G[Zeh^n|hw dk pzd'p;s eoB bJh efjzd/ j[zd/ ;h. j[D e?fw;NK dhnK d[ekBK’s/ Skg/ wkoB bJh efj oj/ j'A.”

“ehjB/ fej?.”

“s[jkvh T[whdtko B/ w?ƒ |'B ehs?.”

“fJj BthA ghVQh j?. fJjBK dh e'Jh nkgDh f;nk;s j'Dh n?. fit/A efjzd/ B/ eo fdU.”

fgzv ftubhnK e?fw;NK dhnK uko/ jh d[ekBK d/ ubkB j' rJ/.

“b? pJh, ftjV/ dhnK p[VQhnKê[VhnK dhnK t'NK sK gZehnK eo bJhnK ;ogzu B/.”

“pzd/ B/, fe;/ B/ th t'N BjhA gkT[Dh. fijƒ s'V bZrh j'T{, T[j fJjBK ƒ t'N fet/A gk dT{.”

T[ikro f;zx d/ XV/ B/ th BfPnK d/ f\bk| p'bDk P[o{ eo fdZsk. T[j ftjV/ tkfbnK ƒfJj th efjD bZr/, “n?t/A rZbK ’u Bk nk ikfJU. fijV/ s[jkvh XowPkbk bJh nkJh j'JhroKN yk rJ/, T[j j[D feZE'A bk d/Dr/.” T[j nkyd/, “oki e"o ƒ jok e/ T[; d/ ;j[o/ dkBZe tZYD?.”

d'jK gkoNhnK dh f;o XV dh pkIh bZrh j'Jh ;h. sb\h fJzBh tX rJh ;h fe jo xVh fe;/nDj'Dh xNBk d/ tkgoB dk vo ofjzdk.

u'DK ;[Zy^PKsh Bkb bzx rJhnK.

92

oki e"o ;kv/ fgzv dh ;ogzu pD rJh. fJj T[BQK fdBK dh rZb j?, id'A phph gqfsGk gkfNb ;kv/d/P dh okPNogsh u[Dh rJh ;h.

oki e"o nkgDhnK ;kEDK ƒ b? e/ fgzv d/ jo xo rJh. XzBtkd ehsk.

“XzBtkd ekjdk. n;hA sK s?ƒ t'N gkJh jh BjhA.” tZYykDh joBkwh ;'Nh yVekT[Adh p'bh.

“p/p/, i/ w?A fiZsh jK, sK ;ko/ fgzv B/ jh w?ƒ t'NK gkJhnK B/. w?ƒ gzi ;kb s[jkvk ;fj:'r ukjhd?.e'Jh ;KMk ezw j't/ sK dZf;U.”

T[jBK d/ ikD wro'A joBkwh nkgD/ e'b yVQh p;zsh ƒ efjD bZrh, “b? GkJh, b'eK sK t'NK gkJhnKs'A BjhA wzBd/ pJh T[jƒ jh t'N gkJh j?. fJj fpBK gkJh d/ jh XzBtkd eoh iKdh j?. fJj fiZsrJh uzrk jh j'fJnk.”

“d/y b? p/p/, s/o/ tor/ gZEo th fgxb iKd/ B/.”

“Bh sz{ w?ƒ gZEo efjzdh n?A, gZEo efjzdh n?A, w?ƒ.” p/p/ joBkwh, p;zsh ƒ GZi e/ gJh. nZfrUAp;zsh jZ;h ikt/, jZ;h jh ikt/. p;zsh ƒ jZ;fdnK t/y p/p/ joBkwh th jZ;D bZr gJh ns/ T[; dh;'Nh yVedh ojh.

fgzv ftu XzBtkd o?bh ƒ ;zp'XB eofdnK, BthA u[Dh ;ogzu p'bh, “s[;hA w?ƒ J/BhnK fInkdk t'NKBkb fiskfJnk j?, w?A fejV/ PpdK Bkb s[jkvk XzBtkd eoK. fgzv d/ ftek; bJh w?ƒ s[jkv/ ;kfonKd/ ;fj:'r dh b'V j?. fJe rZb uzrh soQK ;wM bt', fJe fdB ftu jh spdhbh ;zGt BjhA. fJefdB ftu jh ;wki pdfbnk BjhA ik ;edk. fJe rZb j?, spdhbh bJh g[ZfNnk gfjbk edw fJfsjk;ej' iKdk j?. nZi s[;hA gfjbk edw g[ZN fbnk j?.”

fJ;sohnK d/ fJe fJeZm ƒ ;zp'XB j[zfdnK T[j p'bh, “ni'e/ ;wki ftu n"os dh fJe sqk;fdes;tho fd;dh j?. roG ftu gb ojhnK pZuhnK ƒ iBw BjhA b?D fdZsk ik fojk. fBZehnK pZuhnKBkb Ipo^fiBkj j' fojk j?. ƒjK, dj/I dh pbh uVQ ojhnK jB. gshnK tb'A gsBhnK ns/ pZfunKtb'A wktK Bkb d[o^fttjko j' fojk j?. n;hA fJjBK p[okJhnK fto[ZX ob e/ bVBk j?. s[;hA w/o/ s'AfJbktk ;Zs fJ;soh gzu u[DhnK jB. gzi tho u[D e/ nkJ/ jB. s[;hA ;kƒ fJe nk; Bkb fiskfJnkj?. n;hA s[jkvh nk; ’s/ g{ok T[soB dh jo ;zGt e'fPP eoKr/.”

BthA u[Dh j'Jh gzukfJs dh gfjbh whfNzr oyh rJh. oki e"o dk ;j[ok whfNzr ftuikD bJh fsnko j'fJnk. T[; B/ d't/A jZE i'V e/ fejk, “Bk pkg{ ih Bk, s[;hA whfNzr ftuBjhA ikDk.”

“ewbhJ/, ;ogzuh sK w?A jh eoBh j?.”

“s[;hA Io{o eo' ;ogzuh go xo pfj e/. ;kƒ okJ/ fdU. jo ezw s[jkv/ nB[;ko j't/rk gogzukfJs ftu ;ogzu w?A jh j'tKrh.”

“ekrIK ftu sK ;ogzu sz{ jh ofjD?.”

“ekrIK ftu BjhA pkg{ ih, gzukfJs ftu.”

93

T[j p[V p[V eodk nzdo ƒ s[o frnk.

whfNzr dh ekotkJh ubkT[D s'A gfjbK, gzukfJs ;e~so p'fbnk, “;ogzu ;kfjp dk j[ew j?, f;o|gzukfJs w?Apo jh whfNzr ftu p?mD pkeh ;ZiD pkjo ub/ ikD.” T[; B/ d{;oh tko fJj rZb ejhsK x[;o^w[;o P[o{ j' rJh. “n;hA nkgDhnK IBkBhnK Bkb nkJ/ nK. i/ fJj w?Apo gzukfJs jBsK n;hA Bkb jh jK.”

w?vw ;ogzu p'bh, “Gokt', fJj whfNzr sK jh P[o{ j't/rh i/ tkX{ pzd/ pkjo ub/ ikDr/. b'eKB/ gzu fJjBK ƒ u[fDn?. ;oeko B/ fJjBK ƒ nfXeko fdZs/ B/.”

id'A fco th e'Jh T[~m e/ pkjo Bk frnk sK T[; B/ whfNzr po\k;s eo fdZsh. nrbh whfNzrftu f;o| u[D/ j'J/ w?Apo jh Pkwb j'J/. fgzv ftu jh BjhA, g{o/ fJbke/ ftu fJ; rZb dh uoukj'Jh. n\pkoK B/ oki e"o d/ fJ; |?;b/ ƒ \{p ;bkfjnk.

fvgNh efwPBo B/ nkg |'B eoe/, T[; ƒ fwbD bJh p[bkfJnk. T[; d/ fdqVQ fJokd/ dh Pbkxkehsh. fIbQk fPekfJs fBtkoB ew/Nh ns/ fIbQk gb?fBzr p'ov bJh w?Apo BkwId eotkfJnk.

oki e"o B/ nkgD/ ;kEh w?ApoK ƒ fejk fe fgzv tk;hnK dk gVQ/̂ fby/ ns/ f;jswzd j'Dkpj[s Io{oh j?. fJ; s'A fpBK ftek; BjhA j' ;edk. fJ; bJh fgzv d/ ;e{b ns/ fv;g?A;oh tZbfXnkB fdZsk ikt/. vzr^NgkT{ vkeNoK ns/ nBgVQ dkJhnK s'A yfjVk S[vkfJnk ikt/. fNT{PBdk e'jV tZfYnk ikt/. ;ko/ nkg'̂ nkgDhnK fIzw/tkohnK ;KG bt'. fJj fe;/ fJeZb/̂ d[eZb/ d/ eoBd/ ezw BjhA.

fgzv ftu ‘wZSh gkbD ftGkr’ B/ brksko e?Ag brkJ/. fgzv d/ eJh fe;kBK B/ wZSh ckowpDk bJ/.

w[orhnK ns/ gP{nK bJh fpBK fe;/ G/d Gkt d/ eoI/ fdtkJ/.

‘tD ftGkr’ Bkb ;zgoe eoe/ fgzv d/ ukoû[c/o/ ykbh EK ftu doZys brtkJ/. fgzv d/ p/o[IrkopZfunK ƒ nkgDk ezw s'oB bJh, w{jo/ j' e/ eoI/ fdtkJ/.

ftjV/ tkb/ \[P ;B. othdk; XowPkbk dh T[;koh j' rJh. rohp xoK ftu gykB/ pDkT[D dh;ehw wBI{o j' rJh.

rqkw ;Gk dh ;kT[Dh dh whfNzr ftu gzukfJs dh nkwdB ns/ yofunK dh ;kbkBk ohg'oN g/Pehsh rJh. joBkw e"o B/ o"bk gtk fdZsk fe ;ogzu roKNK yk ojh j?. ;ogzu B/ wfjew/ ƒ efje/ nkgD/ ;w/A d/ T[d'A sZe d/ fszB ;kbK dk nkfvN eotk fdZsk. nkfvN ohg'oN dhnK ekghnK fgzvftu tzv fdZshnK. fto'XhnK d/ dzd i[V rJ/.

fJe fdB oki e"o ns/ T[; dh ;kED G[fgzdo ;e{b ftu p?mhnK ;B. w[Zy nfXnkgek efjDbZrh, “nzrq/Ih dh nfXnkgek gq;{sh S[ZNh ’s/ ubh rJh j?. T[; dh irQk ’s/ e'Jh nfXnkge BjhAfwfbnk.” T[; dh S[ZNh d"okB oki e"o B/ d;thA ns/ nZmthA ƒ nzrq/Ih gVQkJh. ;ko/ pZu/ nzrq/Ih ftu'Agk; j'J/.

94

;e{b dk ghHNhH wk;No ntsko f;zx, ;kv/ fgzv dk jh j'D eoe/ nkgD/ xo d/ ezwK tZb jh pj[skfXnkB fdzdk ;h. pZu/, y/vK ftu gSV/ ofjzd/. gzukfJs w?ApoK dh ;\skJh ekoB T[j wB'A vo frnk,fes/ pdbh jh Bk eotk d/D. T[j y/vK, \k; s"o ’s/ jkeh tZb fXnkB d/D bZfrnk. jo o'I pZfunKƒ nfGnk; eotkT[Adk. T[; ;kb ;kv/ fgzv d/ ;e{b dh jkeh Nhw fIbQ/ ftu'A gfjb/ ;EkB T[~s/ nkJhns/ ;{p/ ftu'A sh;o/ ;EkB ’s/ ojh.

uko ;kb ;[Zy PKsh Bkb bzx rJ/. gzit/A ;kb fgzv ftu brksko d' esb j' rJ/. oki e"o;z[B j' e/ ofj rJh. nkgD/ ;j[o/ ƒ g[ZSD bZrh, “pkg{ ih, fJj eh j'Jh iKd?. w?ƒ sK ;wMBjhA nkT[Adh.”

“fJj s/o/ ;wMD dh rZb BjhA. fJj esb fejVk iZdh^g[Psh bVkJh eoe/ j'J/ B/. fJj sKb[ZNK^y'jK eoB tkfbnK dk ezw j?. pfuzs/ e'b uko g?;/ ;B, ofjzdk fJeZbk ;h. nrb/ b[ZN e/ b?rJ/. irsko' th uko Nz{wK eoe/ jh wkoh rJh. g[fb; s|shP eo ojh j?.”

fJe fdB gzukfJs w?Apo ;zs'y f;zx, ;ogzu ƒ G/d Go/ Yzr Bkb dZ;D bZfrnk, “id'A dk BtKEkD/dko nkfJn? T[d'A dk jh tkodksK ftu tkXk j'fJn?. gfjb/ EkD/dko B/ s[jkv/ fJe |'B ’s/ jh fgzvftu BP/ dhnK dtkJhnK fteD s'A jNk fdZshnK ;B. j[D d' e?fw;N fco T[jh ezw eoB bZr gJ/jB.” ;ogzu B/ fPekfJs fBtkoD ew/Nh ftu ;tkb T[mk e/ BP/ dhnK dtkJhnK dh fteoh sK o[etkfdZsh go esbK dk e'Jh th ;[okr Bk fBefbnk.

nkgDh ;fji s'o s[odk ;wK, nkgD/ phs ikD dk th gsk BjhA bZrD fdzdk. gzukfJsK dhnK u'DKdk fco n?bkB j' frnk. fJ; tko ;ogzu iBob ;h. T[ikro f;zx ns/ oki e"o d/ ;j[o/ B/ fcofsnkohnK nozG fd~shnK.

“pkg{ ih fJ; tko ehjƒ ;ogzu pDk oj/ j',” fJe fdB jopho B/ g[ZfSnk.

“n?sehA sK w?ƒ jh yVQk j'Dk g?D?. oki' B/ sK p/Vk jh roe eo fdZsk. rbhnK BkbhnKpDtk e/, ;VeK dh w[ozws eotk e/ BhA ;ogzuh fiZs j[zdh. f;nk;s dh th ;wM ukjhdh j?.fJj sK EkD/dko jh uzrk nk frnk HHH” rZb eodk eodk T[j fJedw u[Zg eo frnk. e[M fuoo[e e/ fco p'fbnk, “fJ; tko sK ;kok youk gZfbUA jh eoBk g?D?. ewbh B/ fJe nkBk Bh ewke/ fdZsk.”

“nk ik p/p/, bzx nk,” jopho B/ p/p/, tZYykDh joBkwh dh ;'Nh yVedh ;[D e/ p'bh.fco T[j jopho d/ pkg{ ih ƒ nkyD bZrh, “s[;hA tkX{ rZbK SZv', ;kok fgzv w/oh ƒj dhf;|s eod?.”

“wz{j s/ jh f;|sK j[zdhnK B/. wro'A d/yhA b'e eh fejk eoBr/.”

“b'e fejk eoBr/, fJj T[BQK t/fbnK dh rZb j? id'A oki e"o ;kv/ fgzv dh ;ogzu j[zdh ;h.”;kok NZpo tZYykDh joBkwh d/ wz{j tZb t/y fojk ;h.

joBkwh dh yVedh ;'Nh ftu'A ;zrhswJh nktkI nk ojh ;h.

95

n"y/ PpdK d/ noE

UjV^g'jV—xo/b{ fJbki l p[Zsk—ezw ;koBk l fcoBh—fgzv d[nkb/ pDh ;Ve l p[Zsk ;kodh—w"e/ s/ ezw nkT[Dk l roKNK—;oekoh wdd l nwbh—BP/pkI l moQzw/ Bkb—;po Bkb l s'V bZrh—BP/ d/ NZ[ND dk Gkt

;kfjse fN~gDh

;[fozdo okwg[oh dh ejkDh ‘T[BQK t/fbnK dh rZb’ ni'e/ ;w/A dh ;wkfieôkiBhfse ;fEshnK s/;wkfie edoK ehwsK ftu tkgo/ gfotosB ƒ fpnkB eodh j? B/ fJ;soh nzdo fJe BthA ikrqshg?dk ehsh j?. T[j xo dh uko dhtkoh s'A pkjo nk e/ ;wki d/ T[~u/ nj[fdnK T[~s/ P'GBhe j' ojhj?. fi; ftu fgzv dh ;ogzuh s'A b? e/ d/P dh okPNogsh pDB se Pkwb j?. oki e"o fgzv dh;ogzu pD e/ BfPnK dh tos'A, XZe/Pkjh, foPtsy'oh, fGqPNkuko s/ ;wki ftu c?b/ e[eowK ƒ o'edhj? ns/ g[oy gqXkB ;wki ftu Bt/A fwnko ;Ekfgs eodh j?.

gqPB

t~v/ gqPB

gqPB 1H ;[fozdo okwg[oh dh fJj ejkDh g/Av{ ;wki dh fe; s;tho ƒ g/P eodh j? <gqPB 2H oki e"o d/ ;ogzu pDB ’s/ fgzv ftu ehêh ;[Xko tkgo/ <gqPB 3H fto'Xh fXo dh bhvo joBkw e"o B/ oki e"o pko/ eh ftuko gqrNkJ/, ft;sko

;fjs fby'.gqPB 4H oki e"o dk ;j[ok okiBhsh pko/ fej' fij/ ftuko oydk j? <

S'N/ gqPB

j/m fbyhnK N{eK ƒ gVQ e/ fdZs/ gqPBK d/ T[~so fdU^“p/p/, i/ w?A fiZsh jK, sK ;ko/ fgzv B/ jh w?ƒ t'NK gkJhnK B/. w?ƒ gzi ;kb s[jkvk ;fj:'r ukjhd?.e'Jh ;KMk ezw j't/ sK dZf;U”gqPB 1H T[go'es N{eK ftu fejVh fiZs dh rZb ehsh rJh j? <gqPB 2H fJBQK N{eK ftZu fe; s'A s/ fejV/ ;fj:'r dh rZb ehsh rJh j? <

b/ye pko/ ikDekoh

iBw L fgzv okwg[o okjhA d'okjk, fIbQk b[fXnkDk(15H10H1949)

feZsk L ;kfjsekoh

96

gqekPB L ejkDh ;zrqfj ^ gZsMV wko/ (1975),y[odh j'Ad (1982),p/u?B fjzd;/ (1982),g[zfBnK s'A gfjbK (1985),BQ/oh oks dk efjo (1978),esok esok ;'u (r[ogkb fbZN s/ jopz; okwg[oh Bkb fwb e/)

;zgoe L fgzv s/ vkeykBk okwg[o okjhA d'okjk, fIbQk b[fXnkDk

Documents

Punjabi Text Book : Kathaa Jagat (Class XII)