Punjab University Cloud Computing Report

8/6/2019 Punjab University Cloud Computing Report

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Seminar Report

On

CLOUD COMPUTING

Submitted by:

Khushal Gupta

Roll No: UE7531

ECE 7Th Sem

INDEX

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Content Page No.

Introduction 3

History 4

Layers of cloud computing 6

Architecture 9

Cloud 10

Types of cloud 10

Essential characteristics of cloud 12

Advantages of cloud computing 12

Multi-tenancy 13

Features of Multi-tenancy 13

Disadvantages of cloud computing 14

Need for change of present internet scenario 15

Silicon valley towards cloud computing 16

Google towards cloud computing 17

Microsoft towards cloud computing 19

Apple towards cloud computing 20

Future scope 21

References 22

INTRODUCTION

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Cloud computing is an emerging computing technology that uses the internet and central remote

servers to maintain data and applications. Cloud computing allows consumers and businesses to

use applications without installation and access their personal files at any computer with internet

access. This technology allows for much more efficient computing by centralizing storage,

memory, processing and bandwidth.

In other words is the provision of dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources as a

service over the Internet on a utility basis. Its services often provide common business

applications online that are accessed from a web browser, while the software and data are stored

on the servers.

The term cloudis used as a metaphorfor the Internet, based on how the Internet is depicted in

computer network diagrams and is an abstraction of the underlying infrastructure it conceals.

A technical definition is "a computing capability that provides an abstraction between the

computing resource and its underlying technical architecture (e.g., servers, storage, networks),

enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing

resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or

service provider interaction."

HISTORY

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything_as_a_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything_as_a_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network_diagramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything_as_a_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything_as_a_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network_diagramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction


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The Cloudis a term that borrows from telephony. Up to the 1990s, data circuits (including those

that carried Internet traffic) were hard-wired between destinations. Subsequently, long-haul

telephone companies began offering Virtual Private Network (VPN) service for data

communications. Telephone companies were able to offer VPN-based services with the same

guaranteed bandwidth as fixed circuits at a lower cost because they could switch traffic to

balance utilization as they saw fit, thus utilizing their overall network bandwidth more

effectively. As a result of this arrangement, it was impossible to determine in advance precisely

which paths the traffic would be routed over. The term "telecom cloud" was used to describe this

type of networking, and cloud computing is conceptually somewhat similar.

The underlying concept of cloud computing dates back to 1960, when John McCarthy opined

that "computation may someday be organized as apublic utility"; indeed it shares characteristicswith service bureaus that date back to the 1960s. In 1997, the first academic definition was

provided by Ramnath K. Chellappa who called it a computing paradigm where the boundaries of

computing will be determined by economic rationale rather than technical limits . The term cloud

had already come into commercial use in the early 1990s to refer to large Asynchronous Transfer

Mode (ATM) networks. By the turn of the 21st century, the term "cloud computing" began to

appear more widely, although most of the focus at that time was limited to SaaS.

In 1999, Salesforce.com was established by Marc Benioff, Parker Harris, and their associates.

They applied many technologies developed by companies such as Google and Yahoo! to

business applications. They also provided the concepts of "on demand" and SaaS with their real

business and successful customers. The key for SaaS is that it is customizable by customers with

limited technical support required. Business users have enthusiastically welcomed the resulting

flexibility and speed.

In the early 2000s, Microsoft extended the concept of SaaS through the development of web

services. IBM detailed these concepts in 2001 in the Autonomic Computing Manifesto, which

described advanced automation techniques such as self-monitoring, self-healing, self-

configuring, and self-optimizing in the management of complex IT systems with heterogeneous

storage, servers, applications, networks, security mechanisms, and other system elements that

can be virtualized across an enterprise.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Private_Networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_bureauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_bureauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramnath_Chellappahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_Transfer_Modehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_Transfer_Modehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salesforce.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Benioffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Benioffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_demandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SaaShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://www.research.ibm.com/autonomic/index.htmlhttp://www.research.ibm.com/autonomic/index.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Private_Networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_bureauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramnath_Chellappahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_Transfer_Modehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_Transfer_Modehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salesforce.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Benioffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_demandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SaaShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://www.research.ibm.com/autonomic/index.html


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Amazon played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing their data

centers after the dot-com bubble which, like most computer networks, were using as little as 10%

of their capacity at any one time just to leave room for occasional spikes. Having found that the

new cloud architecture resulted in significant internal efficiency improvements whereby, small,

fast-moving "two-pizza teams" could add new features faster and easier, Amazon started

providing access to their systems through Amazon Web Services on a utility computing basis in

2005.

In2007, Google, IBM, and a number of universities embarked on a large scale cloud computing

research project.[25] By mid-2008, Gartner saw an opportunity for cloud computing "to shape the

relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell

them", and observed that "organizations are switching from company-owned hardware andsoftware assets to per-use service-based models" so that the "projected shift to cloud

computing ... will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some areas and in significant

reductions in other areas."

LAYERS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

1) Clients5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-com_bubblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Web_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing#cite_note-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-com_bubblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Web_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing#cite_note-24


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2) Application

3) Platform

4) Infrastructure

5) Servers

1) Client:

A cloud clientconsists ofcomputer hardware and/orcomputer softwarewhich relies on

cloud computing for application delivery, or which is specifically designed for deliveryof cloud services and which, in either case, is essentially useless without it. For example:

Mobile (Android, iPhone, Windows Mobile)

Thin client (CherryPal, Zonbu,gOS-based systems)

Thick client / Web browser(Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, WebKit)

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(mobile_device_platform)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_clienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CherryPalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonbuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonbuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOS_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thick_clienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Firefoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebKithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(mobile_device_platform)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_clienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CherryPalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonbuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOS_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thick_clienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Firefoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebKit


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2) Application:

A cloud application leverages cloud computing in software architecture, often

eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computer,

thus alleviating the burden of software maintenance, ongoing operation, and support. For

example:

Peer-to-peer/ volunteer computing(BOINC, Skype)

Web applications (Facebook,Twitter, YouTube)

Security as a service (MessageLabs,Purewire, ScanSafe,Zscaler)

Software as a service (Google Apps,Salesforce)

Software plus services (Microsoft Online Services)

Storage [Distributed]o Content distribution (BitTorrent, Amazon CloudFront)

o Synchronisation (Dropbox, Live Mesh)

3) Platform:

A cloud platform (PaaS) delivers a computing platform and/orsolution stackas a service,

generally consuming cloud infrastructure and supporting cloud applications. It facilitates

deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the

underlying hardware and software layers.[52][53]For example:

Services

o Identity (OAuth, OpenID)

o Payments (Amazon Flexible Payments Service,Google Checkout,PayPal)

o

Search (Alexa,Google Custom Search,Yahoo! BOSS)o Real-world (Amazon Mechanical Turk)

Solution stacks

o Java (Google App Engine)

o PHP (Rackspace Cloud Sites)

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volunteer_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volunteer_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_distributed_computing_projects#Berkeley_Open_Infrastructure_for_Network_Computing_.28BOINC.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skypehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_as_a_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MessageLabshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purewirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purewirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScanSafehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zscalerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zscalerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_as_a_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Appshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Appshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salesforcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_plus_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Online_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_delivery_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_(protocol)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_CloudFronthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_synchronizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropbox_(storage_provider)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_Meshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_as_a_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing_platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_stackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything_as_a_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing#cite_note-51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing#cite_note-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing#cite_note-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OAuthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenIDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paymenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Flexible_Payments_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Flexible_Payments_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Checkouthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Custom_Searchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!_Search_BOSShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!_Search_BOSShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Mechanical_Turkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_stackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_App_Enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rackspace_Cloud#Cloud_Siteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volunteer_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_distributed_computing_projects#Berkeley_Open_Infrastructure_for_Network_Computing_.28BOINC.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skypehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_as_a_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MessageLabshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purewirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScanSafehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zscalerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_as_a_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Appshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salesforcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_plus_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Online_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_delivery_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_(protocol)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_CloudFronthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_synchronizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropbox_(storage_provider)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_Meshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_as_a_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing_platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_stackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything_as_a_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing#cite_note-51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing#cite_note-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OAuthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenIDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paymenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Flexible_Payments_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Checkouthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa_Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Custom_Searchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!_Search_BOSShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Mechanical_Turkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_stackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_App_Enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rackspace_Cloud#Cloud_Sites
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o Python Django (Google App Engine)

o Ruby on Rails (Heroku)

o .NET (Azure Services Platform,Rackspace Cloud Sites)

o Proprietary (Force.com, WorkXpress, Wolf Frameworks)

Storage [Structured]

o Databases (Amazon SimpleDB, BigTable)

o File storage (Amazon S3,Nirvanix,Rackspace Cloud Files)

o Queues (Amazon SQS)

4) Infrastructure:

Cloud infrastructure (IaaS) is the delivery ofcomputerinfrastructure, typically aplatform

virtualization environment, as a service.

[54]

For example:

Compute (Amazon CloudWatch,RightScale)

o Physical machines (Softlayer)

o Virtual machines (Amazon EC2,GoGrid, Rackspace Cloud Servers)

o OS-level virtualisation

Network (Amazon VPC)

Storage [Raw] (Amazon EBS)

5) Servers:

The servers layer consists of computer hardware and/or computer software products

which are specifically and solely designed for the delivery of cloud services. For

example:

HP Bladesystem Matrix

Fabric computing (Cisco UCS)

ARCHITECTURE

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django_(web_framework)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_App_Enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_on_Railshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herokuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azure_Services_Platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azure_Services_Platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rackspace_Cloud#Cloud_Siteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salesforcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorkXpresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_Frameworkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_SimpleDBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BigTablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_S3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvanixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvanixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rackspace_Cloud#Cloud_Fileshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_queuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_SQShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_as_a_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything_as_a_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing#cite_note-53http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_CloudWatchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_CloudWatchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RightScalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softlayer_Technologies,_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_Compute_Cloudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_Compute_Cloudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GoGridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rackspace_Cloud#Cloud_Servershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system-level_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_VPChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_EC2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabric_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciscohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django_(web_framework)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_App_Enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_on_Railshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herokuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azure_Services_Platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rackspace_Cloud#Cloud_Siteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salesforcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorkXpresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_Frameworkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_SimpleDBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BigTablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_S3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvanixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rackspace_Cloud#Cloud_Fileshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_queuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_SQShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_as_a_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything_as_a_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing#cite_note-53http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_CloudWatchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RightScalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softlayer_Technologies,_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_Compute_Cloudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GoGridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rackspace_Cloud#Cloud_Servershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system-level_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_VPChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_EC2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabric_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco


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Cloud architecture, the systems architecture of the software systems involved in the delivery of

cloud computing, comprises hardware and software designed by a cloud architectwho typically

works for a cloud integrator. It typically involves multiple cloud components communicating

with each other overapplication programming interfaces, usually web services.

This closely resembles the UNIX philosophy of having multiple programs each doing one thing

well and working together over universal interfaces. Complexity is controlled and the resulting

systems are more manageable than theirmonolithiccounterparts.

Cloud architecture extends to the client, where web browsersand/orsoftware applications access

cloud applications.

Cloud storage architecture is loosely coupled, where metadata operations are centralized

enabling the data nodes to scale into the hundreds, each independently delivering data to

applications or users.

CLOUD

The term cloud is used as a metaphor for the internet, based on how the internet is depicted in

computer network diagram and is an abstraction of the underlying infrastructure it conceals.

9
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolithic_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolithic_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metadatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolithic_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metadata


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TYPES OF CLOUD

1) Private cloud2) Public cloud

3) Hybrid cloud

1) Private cloud:

Private cloudand internal cloudare neologisms that some vendors have recently used to

describe offerings that emulate cloud computing on private networks. These (typically

virtualizationautomation) products claim to "deliver some benefits of cloud computing

without the pitfalls", capitalizing on data security, corporate governance, and reliability

concerns. They have been criticized on the basis that users "still have to buy, build, and

manage them" and as such do not benefit from lower up-front capital costs and less

hands-on management, essentially "[lacking] the economic model that makes cloud

computing such an intriguing concept".

While an analyst predicted in 2008 that private cloud networks would be the future of

corporate IT, there is some uncertainty whether they are a reality even within the same

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neologismshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neologismshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation


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firm. Analysts also claim that within five years a "huge percentage" of small and medium

enterprises will get most of their computing resources from external cloud computing

providers as they "will not have economies of scale to make it worth staying in the IT

business" or be able to afford private clouds. Analysts have reported on Platform's view

that private clouds are a stepping stone to external clouds, particularly for the financial

services, and that future datacenters will look like internal clouds.

The term has also been used in the logical rather than physical sense, for example in

reference toplatform as a service offerings, though such offerings including Microsoft's

Azure Services Platform are not available for on-premises deployment.

2) Public cloud:

Public cloudorexternal clouddescribes cloud computing in the traditional mainstream

sense, whereby resources are dynamically provisioned on a fine-grained, self-service

basis over the Internet, via web applications/web services, from an off-site third-party

provider who shares resources and bills on a fine-grained utility computing basis.

3) Hybrid cloud:

A hybrid cloud environment consisting of multiple internal and/or external providers

"will be typical for most enterprises". A hybrid cloud can describe configuration

combining a local device, such as a Plug computer with cloud services. It can also

describe configurations combining virtual and physical, collocated assetsfor example, a

mostly virtualized environment that requires physical servers, routers, or other hardware

such as a network appliance acting as a firewall or spam filter.

Essential characteristics of Cloud

1) On-Demand self service

2) Broad network access

3) Resource pooling

4) Rapid elasticity

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5) Measured service

Advantages of Cloud Computing

1) Agility

2) Cost

3) Device

4) Multi-tenancy

5) Reliability

6) Scalability

7) Security

8) Sustainability

MULTI TENANCY

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Multi Tenancy refers to a principle where a single instance of the software runs on a server,

serving multiple client organizations (tenants). With multi tenancy software is designed to

virtually partition its data and configuration so that each client organization works with a

customized virtual application instance.

FEATURES OF MULTI-TENANCY

Cost Savings:

Multi-tenancy allows for cost savings over and above the basic economies of scale achievablefrom consolidating IT resources into a single operation. An application instance usually incurs a

certain amount of memory and processing overhead which can be substantial when multiplied by

many customers, especially if the customers are small. Multi-tenancy reduces this overhead by

amortizing it over many customers. Further cost savings may come from licensing costs of the

underlying software (such as operating systems and database management systems). Put crudely,

if you can run everything on a single software instance, you only have to buy one software

license. The cost savings can be eclipsed by the difficulty to scale single instance (a bigger faster

server can only take you so far) as the demand grows.

Data Aggregation/Data Mining

One of the most compelling reasons for vendors/ISVs to utilize multi-tenancy is for the inherent

data aggregation benefits. Instead of collecting data from multiple data sources, with potentially

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different database schemas, all data for all customers is stored in a single database schema. Thus,

running queries across customers, mining data, and looking for trends is much simpler.

Complexity

Because of the additional customization complexity and the need to maintain per-tenant

metadata, multitenant applications require a larger development effort.

Release Management

Multi-tenancy simplifies the release management process. In a traditional release management

process, packages containing code and database changes are distributed to client desktop and/or

server machines. These packages then have to be installed on each individual machine. With themulti-tenant model, the package typically only needs to be installed on a single server. This

greatly simplifies the release management process.

Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

1) Internet connectivity

2) Network down

3) Security is in hands of third party

4) Cloud host disappears

Need for change of present Internet scenario

Present internet scenario is based on the concept that there are a number of servers on which all

the data is stored and the clients all over the world are talking to them. But imagine a situation in

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which the amount of data exceeds the capacity of these servers. Plus the more the data on the

server the slower the server runs. To solve these problems is introduced.

Cloud computing is based on the concept that there will be a cloud on which all of the data will

be there and the clients round the globe will talk to it. The capacity of cloud servers is more than

anyone can imagine. Plus there will be no repetition of the data. All this plus the speed wont be

affected because there will not be load on any one server.

As the user and the data are going to increase exponentially cloud computing which provides

more elasticity than the current internet scenario will prove worthwhile.

SILICON VALLEY TOWARDS CLOUD COMPUTING

Silicon Valley is the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area inNorthern California, United

States. It is the leading high-tech hub because of its large number of engineers and venture

capitalists.

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Most of the leading companies such as Google, Apple, Microsoft, IBM have already sensed that

advantages of cloud computing and have taken their first step towards it.

GOOGLE TOWARDS CLOUD COMPUTING

Google has raised its first step towards cloud computing. In January 2010 it is launching gOS

CLOUD which is the first ever cloud computing operating system. gOS Cloud is a operating

system in which there is just a browser. It takes just a few seconds to boot and then the browser

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cum OS opens. This OS cum browser is connected to the cloud. You just open the gOS Cloud

and get whatever you need from the cloud just on the click of a button.

It is based on gOS or "good OS" is an Ubuntu-based Linux distribution created by 'Good OS

LLC', a Los Angeles-based corporation.

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Microsoft towards Cloud Computing

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With the upcoming concept of cloud computing Microsoft fears that its existence could suffer.

With Google providing the operating system for cloud computing the monopoly of Google is for

sure. Although Microsoft is working hard to avoid this situation. It is coming with Microsoft

Azure platform which offers an intuitive, reliable and powerful platform for the creation of web

applications and services.

The Windows Azure platform is comprised ofWindows Azure: an operating system as a service;

SQL Azure: a fully relational database in the cloud; and .NET Services: consumable web-based

services that provide both secure connectivity and federated access control for applications.

Currently in Community Technology Preview (CTP), the services are free to evaluate through

January 2010. We will begin charging customers on February 1st, 2010.

Apple towards Cloud Computing

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Apple one of the largest computer technology company has launched new web based application

on its website www.iwork.com as their first step towards cloud computing.

It is planning to allow users to create and edit documents, spreadsheets and presentations online,

and store them on central servers that can then be accessed from any computer.The programconverts the iWork document into a number of cross-platform formats for sharing files with

Windows colleagues, including PDF and MS Word. In a browser, the iWork.com documentsupports multiple notes along with related discussion threads as well as separate, document-wide

discussions.

FUTURE SCOPE

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The next generation computing will surely be cloud computing. As the amount of data a user

have is going to increase exponentially and when multiplied by the total population the world the

total amount of data will go on beyond the handling limit of internet servers present right now.

Thus to control this scenario cloud computing is introduced. Every bit of data that any user

requires will be available on the cloud. You just need a slim laptop which will connect you to the

cloud and then you can access any data you like.

Information technology is changing rapidly, and now forms an invisible layer that increasingly

touches every aspect of our lives. Power grids, traffic control, healthcare, water supplies, food

and energy, along with most of the world's financial transactions, now depend on information

technology. An emerging IT delivery model-cloud computing-can significantly reduce IT costs

& complexities while improving workload optimization and service delivery. Cloud computing

is massively scalable, provides a superior user experience, and is characterized by new, internet-

driven economics.

REFERNCES

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1) Google official website

2) Wikipedia

3) IBM official website

4) Microsoft official website

5) Apple official website

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Documents

Punjab University Cloud Computing Report