ENGLISH LESSON

GRADE: 9

TOPIC: PUNCTUATION

Presented by Maluleke T.S.

How Do You Use the Comma?

Use a comma to separate independent clause (sentences) in a compound sentence.

I like English, BUT it is difficult.

How Do You Use the Comma?Continue

Use commas to separate words, phrases, and clauses when there are three or more in a series. For instance, Sanny can run, jump, and skip.

More on Commas

When the date identifies the day of the week, the date is set off with a comma.

See the example below:On Thursday, August 25, school resumes.

Use Comma to set off nouns of direct. For example: “Gertrude, I want you to know that Matilda like George.” address. Use a comma to set off a year when it is with a month and date.- Julius was born June 25, 1954, in Gauteng, Soweto.

More on Commas

More on Commas

Use commas when writing full addresses in sentence form. I live at 2345 Westchester Blvd., Springfield, IL 62703

Use commas to set off introductory phrases that come at the beginning of a sentence. Feeling anxious, George slowly stepped on the stage.

CommasUse commas to set off nonrestrictive relative clauses (not necessary to the meaning of the sentence) from the rest of the sentence. WhoWhose) Restrictive/nonrestrictive WhomWhich) Nonrestrictive (needs a

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◦That boy, who is standing by the door is my son.

Commas Use commas to set of parenthetical expressions. -Jason is handsome, however, looks can be deceiving.Use a comma to set off short quoted sentences from the rest of the sentence. Hamlet said, “To be or not to be. That is the question.”

Commas Use commas to set of parenthetical expressions. -Jason is handsome, however, looks can be deceiving.Use a comma to set off short quoted sentences from the rest of the sentence. Hamlet said, “To be or not to be. That is the question.”

Semi-Colons

Use a semi-colon to separate independent sentences. These are sentences that are closed conned in thought and not joined by a conjunction. For example, After class, I went to the Pizza Hut; then I graded papers for an hour.

Semi-Colons

Use a semi-colon to separate independent clause if there are commas within the parts. I wrote to George, Matilda, and Gertrude; and Ellen notified Jason by phone.

Capitals latters

A capital letter is normally used in writing:

For the first letter of the first word at the beginning of a sentence

For the first letter of proper nouns (Kevin), countries (South Africa), cities (Johannesburg), and titles (the Champion).

Capitals latters

For the first letter of the names of days (Tuesday), months (February), festivals (Dwali).

For the first letter of houses, ships, streets, newspapers, books, play-titles (King Street).

For a person’s initials (K.G. Baxter).

For the word I.

Full stops

A full stop is used at the end of a sentence, unless the sentence calls for a question mark (?) or an exclamation mark (!).

Example, Joyce went to the shop.

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Exclamation marks

An exclamation mark is used after expressions of surprise, motion, fear and delight:

For instance, Oh!, Ah!, Look!, andHurrah!

Exclamation marks

Examples, What a superb goal Gigs scored at Highbury!

I did not know you were here!How fierce she looks!

Question marks

A question mark is always placed at the end of a question.

What are you doing?

But a question mark is not used in:

I asked them what they were doing.

Apostrophes

An apostrophe is a mark (‘ ) used to indicate.

the possessive casethe omission of a letter or letters If the word does not end in s, add ‘s:

Apostrophes

Examples, The book of the boy – the boy’s book

The book of the children – the children’s books

If the word ends in s and is singular, add ‘s:

The book of Charles – Charles’s book

Quotation marks (inverted commas

Words quoted are put into quotation marks. The boy said, “He has the book”. Note the comma before the quotation mark and that since the words inside the marks form a sentence, the first letter is a capital letter

Hyphen

The sign (-) used to join words to indicate that they have a combined meaning or that they are linked in the grammar of a sentence

For instance, a pick-me-up, mother-in-law, good-hearted. 

Parenthesis

Use parenthesis to enclose words or figures that clarify or are used as an aside. Example: He received one hundred

and fifty points (150)on his math project.

List of references

Kevin Baxter. September, 18. 2013

http://www.slideshare.net/KevinBaxter1/english-basics-punctuation

Karin Heart.2013,

http://www.slideshare.net/karrinheart/punctuation-13609611

Ellen Conner. 2010.

http://www.slideshare.net/conno1ej/punctuation-powerpoint-3312708

Arundathie Abeysinghe, International Avlation Academy.Srilankan Airline

http://www.slideshare.net/arundathie81/esl-punctuation-rules-commas

The End

Thank you