Pulse 1 Grammar Reference castellano...Este es mi amigo. Estos son mis hermanos. • usamos that y those cuando algo queda lejos That is my bike. Those are my sisters. Esa es mi bici

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Los pronombres demostrativos• son this / that / these / those y los usamos para

identificar a quién o qué nos estamos refiriendo • usamos this y these cuando algo está cerca This is my friend. These are my brothers. Este es mi amigo. Estos son mis hermanos.• usamos that y those cuando algo queda lejos That is my bike. Those are my sisters. Esa es mi bici. Esas son mis hermanas.

Los pronombres sujeto y los adjetivos posesivospronombres sujetoI you he she it we you they

adjetivos posesivosmy your his her its our your their

• siempre es necesario un sujeto o pronombre sujeto I’m from Málaga. ✓ Am from Málaga. ✗• you y your sirven para el singular y el plural Is this your dog? ¿Es este tu perro? Are these your bikes? ¿Son estas vuestras bicis?• he y his se refieren a un niño o un hombre He is in the school. Está en la escuela. Where is his mother? ¿Dónde está su madre?• she y her se refieren a una niña o una mujer She is 12 years old. Tiene 12 años. Where is her brother? ¿Dónde está su hermano?• it e its se refieren a un animal o una cosa It is grey. Es gris. Its eyes are big. Sus ojos son grandes.• their se usa para hombres, mujeres, animales y cosas These are my cats. Their names are Billy and

Bobby. Estos son mis gatos. Se llaman Billy y Bobby.

El posesivo ’s• un apóstrofo + s (’s) indica posesión My friend’s house. La casa de mi amigo.• ponemos ’s detrás de nombres en singular y de

nombres en plural no acabados en -s My sister’s name. El nombre de mi hermana. The children’s toys. Los juguetes de los niños.• detrás de sustantivos en plural y nombres propios

acabados en -s solo usamos el apóstrofo (’) The boys’ room. La habitación de los chicos. James’ book. El libro de James.

be: a rmativa, negativa e interrogativaafirmativa forma contraídaI am I’m

You are You’re

He isShe isIt is

He’sShe’sIt’s

We areYou areThey are

We’reYou’reThey’re

• usamos be para expresar la nacionalidad, edad y procedencia de las personas

I’m British. Soy británico/a. She’s 13 years old. Tiene 13 años. We’re / You’re / They’re from Liverpool. Nosotros somos / Vosotros sois / Ellos son de Liverpool.

negativa forma contraídaI am not I’m not

You are not You aren’t

He is notShe is notIt is not

He isn’tShe isn’tIt isn’t

We are notYou are notThey are not

We aren’tYou aren’tThey aren’t

• para formar la negativa, usamos not She isn’t (is not) English. No es inglesa.• en la conversación y en los textos informales

solemos usar las formas contraídas

preguntas y respuestas brevesAm I English?

Yes, I am. No, I’m not.

Are you English?

Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

Is he / she / it … ?

Yes, he / she / it is. No, he / she / it isn’t.

Are we / you / they … ?

Yes, we / you / they are. No, we / you / they aren’t.

• el orden de las palabras cambia dependiendo de si la oración es enunciativa o interrogativa

Emily is English. Emily es inglesa. Is Emily English? ¿Emily es inglesa?

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be: af rmative, negative and interrogative

4 Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative form of be.

My sister and I are in class.1 I from France.2 My friends Moroccan.3 My dad in New Zealand.4 You and your cousins 11 years old.5 She English.

5 Rewrite the sentences in exercise 4 in the negative form. Use contractions.

My sister and I aren’t in class.1 2 3 4 5

6 Order the words to make questions. Then write short answers.

from / you / Argentina / Are ? ✓

Are you from Argentina? Yes, I am.1 house / in / Bilbao / Is / your ? ✗

2 best friends / your / Are / in your class ? ✓

3 your parents / Colombian / Are ? ✗

4 teacher / Is / his / German ? ✓

5 you and your cousins / 13 years old / Are ? ✗

6 her / Is / a doctor /mum ? ✓

Demonstrative pronouns

1 Correct the sentences.

This are my brothers and sisters. These1 Those is my dog in the garden. 2 These is her room. 3 That are our friends in the park. 4 These is her cat on the sofa here. 5 Those is my mum’s car.

Subject pronouns and possessive adjectives

2 Circle the correct words.

My name’s Linda and I / you / we ’m Australian. 1 These are my friends Julie and Clare. They’re

from Wales and they / their / your mum is from Australia.

2 Australia is a big country. He / She / It is near New Zealand.

3 Melbourne, Sydney and Perth are cities. We / You / They ’re in Australia.

4 Julie’s first language isn’t Welsh, her / she / its first language is English.

5 This is Julie and Clare’s brother. Her / His / Their name’s John.

Possessive ’s3 Rewrite the sentences with ’s or ’.

My dads car is blue.

My dad’s car is blue.1 Jims eyes are very green. 2 My grandparents house is in Scotland. 3 My sisters boyfriend is very nice. 4 All the teachers cars are very old. 5 Your cousins names are unusual. 6 Her best friends name is Jane.

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have gotafirmativa forma contraídaI have gotYou have got

I’ve gotYou’ve got

He has gotShe has gotIt has got

He’s gotShe’s gotIt’s got

We have gotYou have gotThey have got

We’ve gotYou’ve gotThey’ve got

• usamos have got para referirnos a características físicas y hablar de posesión

I have got brown eyes. Tengo los ojos marrones.• se usan dos formas: have got y has got She has got one brother and one sister. Tiene un hermano y una hermana.• las formas contraídas (’ve got y ’s got) se suelen

usar en el lenguaje oral y en los textos informales We’ve got two pets. Tenemos dos mascotas.

negativa forma contraídaI have not gotYou have not got

I haven’t gotYou haven’t got

He has not gotShe has not gotIt has not got

He hasn’t gotShe hasn’t gotIt hasn’t got

We have not gotYou have not gotThey have not got

We haven’t gotYou haven’t gotThey haven’t got

• not se usa para formar la negativa He hasn’t (has not) got a car. No tiene coche.

preguntas y respuestas brevesHave I got long hair?

Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.

Have you got long hair?

Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.

Has he / she / it got … ?

Yes, he / she / it has. No, he / she / it hasn’t.

Have we / you / they got … ?

Yes, we / you / they have. No, we / you / they haven’t.

• el orden de las palabras cambia dependiendo de si la oración es enunciativa o interrogativa

Cathy has got fair hair. Cathy tiene el pelo rubio. Has Cathy got fair hair? ¿Cathy tiene el pelo rubio?• en las respuestas breves no usamos got Have you got a cat? ¿Tienes gato? Yes, I have. ✓ Sí. Yes, I’ve got. ✗

Las partículas interrogativas

Who is Kristen Stewart?What is her name?Where is Daniel Radcliffe from?When is your birthday?Why is J.K. Rowling famous?How many cats has he got?How old are you?

She’s an actor.Her name’s Jennifer.He’s from England.

It’s in August.Because she is an author.He’s got three cats.I’m 12.

• who (¿quién?) se refiere a personas • what (¿qué, cuál?) se usa para preguntar sobre

cosas o acciones • where (¿dónde?) se usa para preguntar por un lugar • when (¿cuándo?) se refiere al tiempo • why (¿por qué?) se usa para preguntar por el motivo o la razón de algo• how + adjetivo se usa para expresar cantidad

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5 Write questions with have got. Then write short answers.

I / your address? ✗ Have I got your address? No, you haven’t.1 your friend Mike / a pet? ✓ 2 you / a favourite actor ? ✓ 3 she / green eyes? ✗ 4 they / beautiful voices? ✗ 5 it / a long neck? ✓ 6 dragons / two wings? ✓

Question words

6 Match the questions with the answers.

1 Who is your favourite actor?

a) It’s a giant.

2 Where is Jennifer Lawrence from?

b) They’ve got one.

3 When is your friend’s birthday?

c) Josh Hutcherson.

4 What is the Cyclops? d) I’m 13.5 Why are comic books

popular?e) It’s on 12th July.

6 How many horns have unicorns got?

f ) She’s from the USA.

7 How old are you? g) Because they are easy to read.

7 Write questions for the answers.

What is your favouri te animal? My favourite animal is a cat.

1 My dad’s name is Martin.2 She’s from Canada.3 They’ve got two houses.4 The film festival is in October.5 My grandad is 89.

have got1 Circle the correct words.

Julie ’s got / ’ve got curly, brown hair.1 I ’s got / ’ve got all the Harry Potter™ books. 2 My friend and I has got / have got a dog.3 Gollum ’s got / ’ve got big ears.4 We ’s got / ’ve got a new teacher.5 They ’s got / ’ve got short, dark hair.6 Sirens has got / have got birds’ bodies.

2 Rewrite the sentences using the correct subject pronoun and the contracted form of have got.

Jack has got a blue bike. He’s got a blue bike.1 My aunt and uncle have got three dogs. 2 I have got English homework. 3 My friends and I have got a favourite film. 4 Hannah has got green eyes. 5 The dog has got four legs.

3 Complete the sentences with the correct negative form of have got.

I haven’t got a sister.1 He a cat.2 My teacher a red car.3 My grandparents a computer.4 Those women long hair.5 Vampires horns.6 Medusa wings.

4 Order the words to make sentences.

French / have / I / got / class / today / a I have got a French class today.1 got / glasses / have / 3D / We 2 much / hair / hasn’t / Gollum / got 3 favourite / got / she / a / Has / teacher ? 4 hasn’t / My / beard / got / dad / a 5 tickets / haven’t / film / They / got / the / for

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Present simple: a rmativa y negativaafirmativaI / You learn

He / She / It learns

We / You / They learn

• usamos el present simple para hablar de rutinas y hábitos

I get up at seven o’clock every morning. Me levanto a las siete cada mañana.• también lo usamos para hablar de hechos My teacher lives near our school. Mi profesor vive cerca de nuestro instituto.• en la tercera persona del singular añadimos una -s

al verbo

negativa forma contraídaI / You do not watch TV. I / You don’t watch TV.

He / She / It does not watch TV.

He / She / It doesn’t watch TV.

We / You / They do not watch TV.

We / You / They don’t watch TV.

• la negativa se forma añadiendo don’t o doesn’t delante del verbo

She doesn’t like maths. No le gustan las matemáticas.• en el lenguaje oral y los textos informales solemos

emplear las formas contraídas (don’t y doesn’t)

Present simple: preguntas y respuestas brevespreguntas y respuestas brevesDo I / you read?

Yes, I do. No, I don’t.

Does he / she / it read?

Yes, he / she / it does. No, he / she / it doesn’t.

Do we / you / they read?

Yes, we / you / they do. No, we / you / they don’t.

• en interrogativa, ponemos do o does delante del sujeto

• en las respuestas breves, no repetimos el verbo Do you like PE? ¿Te gusta Educación Física? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. ✓ Sí / No. Yes, I like. / No, I don’t like. ✗

Reglas ortográ cas para la tercera persona del singularFormación de la tercera persona del singular• la mayoría de los verbos añaden -s

sleep ➜ sleeps• añadimos -es a los verbos acabados en -s, -sh, -ch

y -x pass ➜ passeswash ➜ washeswatch ➜ watchesfix ➜ fixes

• añadimos -es a go y do go ➜ goesdo ➜ does

• los verbos acabados en consonante + y cambian la y por i y añaden -es study ➜ studies

• los verbos acabados en vocal + y mantienen la y y añaden -s play ➜ plays

• ¡los verbos irregulares no siguen ninguna regla! be ➜ ishave ➜ has

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Present simple: questions and short answers

5 Order the words to make questions.

Do / at the weekend / go / you / to the park ? Do you go to the park at the weekend?1 ICT and history / you / Do / like ? 2 you / start / at 6am / school / Do ? 3 your grandma / a computer / Does / use ? 4 your parents / play / cricket / Do ? 5 your friends / their homework / Do / every day /

do ? 6 Richard / Does / near you / live ? 7 play / your brother / Does / the guitar ?

6 Circle the correct short answer.

Do you finish school at 4.30pm? Yes, I does. / Yes, I do. 1 Does Adele come from London? Yes, she do. / Yes, she does.2 Do your friends like skateboarding? No, they don’t. / No, they doesn’t.3 Does your mother tidy your room? Yes, she doesn’t. / Yes, she does. 4 Do you help your sister with her homework? No, I don’t. / No, I doesn’t.5 Do your teachers drive red cars? No, they don’t. / No, they doesn’t.6 Do you study history? Yes, I do. / Yes, I does.7 Does your brother play computer games? Yes, he does. / No, he do.

Present simple: af rmative and negative


She studies / study all afternoon. 1 My friend hate / hates science.2 They live / lives in a big flat.3 She wear / wears a blue and white uniform.4 Our teachers say / says our school is amazing!5 You and your friends like / likes maths.6 I go / goes to school at 7.45am.

2 Write the third person singular form of the verbs.

sing sings 4 go 1 watch 5 sleep 2 study 6 do 3 have 7 finish

3 Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative or negative form of the verbs in exercise 2.

My father sings in the shower every morning. 1 My cat for about 18 hours a day. 2 My grandma television. She

listens to the radio.3 My mum work late on Fridays. 4 Gerry his homework on the bus in the

morning.5 My sister to French classes after

school.6 We PE every Tuesday.7 In my school we German.

We study English and French.

4 Rewrite the sentences using the negative form.

She goes to school at 7am. She doesn’t go to school at 7am. 1 I go to ballet school. 2 My friend sings very well. 3 Julie goes to bed very late. 4 My sister meets her friends on Sundays. 5 We do a lot of sport at my school. 6 They wear a school uniform. 7 He studies performing arts.

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Adverbios de frecuencia0% 100%never rarely sometimes often usually always

• usamos los adverbios de frecuencia para indicar con qué frecuencia hacemos una cosa

I sometimes play badminton. A veces juego al bádminton.• van delante del verbo principal She always goes swimming on Sundays. Siempre va a natación los domingos. He doesn’t often play team sports. Él no juega a deportes de equipo a menudo.• van detrás del verbo be I’m usually tired after PE. Normalmente estoy cansado después de (la clase de) Educación Física. He’s rarely at the library. Él raras veces está en la biblioteca.• para preguntar sobre la frecuencia de una acción

usamos How often o un adverbio de frecuencia How often does she play tennis? ¿Con qué frecuencia juega al tenis?• en interrogativa, el adverbio va detrás del sujeto Do you usually walk to school? ¿Normalmente vas andando al instituto?

love, hate, (don’t) like, don’t mind + -ing• detrás de love, hate, like, don’t like, don’t mind

usamos un verbo acabado en -ing I like training at the weekends. A mí me gusta entrenar los fines de semana. She hates training at the weekends. Ella odia entrenar los fines de semana. They don’t mind training at the weekends. A ellos les da igual / no les importa entrenar los fines de semana.

El orden de las palabras en interrogativapreguntas con beIs her name Jessica?Are your cousins Paige and Joe? What is his name?

• se forman con (partícula interrogativa +) be + el sujeto + las demás palabras

preguntas con have gotHave I / you / we / they got a horse?Has he / she / it got a snowboard? When have you got PE?How many players has the team got?

• se forman con (partícula interrogativa +) have / has + el sujeto + got + las demás palabras

preguntas con otros verbos en present simpleDo I / you / we / they play tennis?Does he / she / it go skiing?How often do I / you / we / they use the sports centre?Where does he / she / it go swimming?

• se forman con (partícula interrogativa +) do / does + el sujeto + el verbo + las demás palabras

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love, hate, (don’t) like, don’t mind + -ing4 Write sentences using the correct verbs in the box.

love like don’t mind don’t like hate

He / / run He likes running . 1 We / / play / football in the rain 2 They / / go / to the gym 3 My father / / train / every day 4 I / / watch / sport on TV 5 My friend / / skateboard / near the park

Question forms: word order


got / you / a mountain bike / Have ? Have you got a mountain bike?1 medals / she / How / got / many / has ? 2 they / Do / go / surfing / in the holidays ? 3 horse-riding / do / your family / Where / go ? 4 your sister / like / Does / running ? 5 play / people / in a football team / How / many ?

6 Write questions for the answers.

What ’s Jessica’s surname ? Her surname is Ennis.1 Where ? She lives in Sheffield.2 Has ? Yes, she has. She’s got a pet dog.3 How often ? She runs six days a week.4 Does ? Yes, she likes her sport.5 What ? In her free time she likes listening to music and

watching TV.

Adverbs of frequency


I always am late for training. I am always late for training .1 Always I watch the Olympics® on TV. 2 He wins a race never. 3 The Winter Olympics® usually are in February. 4 Often we go to a football match. 5 She does exercise sometimes before school. 6 I lose a game rarely.

2 Order the words to make sentences.

goes / swimming / My / rarely / brother My brother rarely goes swimming .1 often / Jane / the gym / to / goes 2 at / tennis / plays / Paul / never / the weekend 3 homework / school / I / do / after / usually /

my 4 watches / Manchester United / on / always /

My dad / matches / TV 5 winter / skiing / sometimes / We / in / go

3 Rewrite the questions using the adverbs in brackets.

Do they go swimming at the weekends? (always)

Do they always go swimming at the weekends?1 How does he play in the school team? (often) 2 Does she win a match? (sometimes) 3 Do they do winter sports? (usually) 4 Do you skate on ice? (always) 5 How does your brother lift weights? (often)

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Present continuousafirmativa forma contraídaI am wearing a coat. I’m wearing a coat.

You are wearing a coat. You’re wearing a coat.

He / She / It is wearing a coat.

He / She / It’s wearing a coat.

We / You / They are wearing a coat.

We / You / They’re wearing a coat.

• usamos el present continuous para expresar acciones que están ocurriendo mientras hablamos, o situaciones temporales

I’m buying some jeans. Estoy comprando unos vaqueros. He’s learning French. Está aprendiendo francés.• se forma con el sujeto + be + un verbo acabado en

-ing

negativa forma contraídaI am not wearing a coat. I’m not wearing a coat.

You are not wearing a coat. You aren’t wearing a coat.

He / She / It is not wearing a coat.

He / She / It isn’t wearing a coat.

We / You / They are not wearing a coat.

We / You / They aren’t wearing a coat.

• para hacer la negativa usamos not We aren’t (are not) celebrating his birthday. No estamos celebrando su cumpleaños.

preguntas y respuestas brevesAm I wearing a coat?


Are you playing?


Is he / she / it wearing a coat?


Are we / you / they playing?


• en interrogativa, el orden de las palabras cambia You are riding a bike. Estás montando en bici. Are you riding a bike? ¿Estás montando en bici?• en las respuestas breves no repetimos el verbo

terminado en -ing Are you buying a jumper? ¿Estás comprando un jersey? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. ✓ Sí / No. Yes, I’m buying. / No, I’m not buying. ✗

Present continuous: reglas ortográ cas• la mayoría de los verbos añaden -ing

do ➜ doing, wear ➜ wearing• los que acaban en -e pierden la e y añaden -ing

make ➜ making, ride ➜ riding• los terminados en -ie cambian ie por una y

y añaden -ing lie ➜ lying, tie ➜ tying

• los monosílabos acabados en vocal + consonante (que no sea w, x o y) doblan la consonante final y añaden -ing sit ➜ sitting

• los bisílabos acabados en vocal + consonante: si el acento recae en la última sílaba, doblan la consonante final y añaden -ing begin ➜ beginning

• si el acento no recae en la última sílaba, basta con añadir -ing listen ➜ listening

El present continuous y el present simple• el present continuous expresa acciones que están

ocurriendo mientras hablamos, o situaciones temporales, y se usa con estas expresiones: at the moment, now, this month, today, etc.

She’s talking to Jane now. Ahora está hablando con Jane.

• el present simple expresa hábitos y rutinas. Normalmente lo usamos con adverbios de frecuencia o con expresiones temporales como every day, once a week, etc.

We go to the sports centre every day. Vamos al centro deportivo todos los días.

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5 Order the words to make questions. Then write short answers.

sports clothes / she / wearing / Is ? ✓

Is she wearing spor ts clothes? Yes, she is.1 they / walking / Are / to school ? ✗

2 home / your friend / going / Is ? ✗

3 you / English / studying / Are ? ✓

4 her birthday / we / Are / celebrating ? ✗

5 Carol and Matt / Are / in the TV show /

competing ? ✓

6 Am / playing / I / basketball ? ✓

7 riding / a horse / Gerry / Is ? ✗

8 you / to / listening / Are / music ? ✓

Present continuous and present simple

6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the present simple or the present continuous.

I go shopping on Mondays. (go)1 They sunglasses at the

moment. (wear)2 He always his homework in

the afternoon. (do)3 The teacher now. (not smile)4 We maths every day. (not

study)5 My brother Russian this

year. (learn)6 I tennis today. (not play)7 They never casual clothes.

(buy)8 I my grandparents once a

week. (see)

Present continuous


She ’s / ’re getting dressed.1 We ’m / ’re going to a wedding.2 I ’s / ’m thinking about my exams. 3 They ’s / ’re walking to school.4 She ’s / ’re wearing a school uniform.5 You ’m / ’re buying a present.

2 Complete the sentences with the present continuous affirmative form of the verbs in the box.

carry dance go listen wear win

I ’m dancing with Richard.1 The team the match.2 Linda and Nigel to rap

music.3 We the same T-shirt!4 You to the dance.5 He some flowers.

3 Rewrite the sentences in the negative form.

Tom is wearing unusual clothes. Tom isn’ t wearing unusual clothes.1 I am celebrating my birthday. 2 They are playing basketball. 3 My dad is feeling energetic! 4 We are dancing at the prom. 5 You are studying. 6 Anne and Rob are making new clothes.

Present continuous spelling rules

4 Write the -ing form of the verbs.

do doing 4 carry 1 ride 5 lie 2 swim 6 sleep 3 visit 7 dance

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there is / there are + a / an, some y any

afirmativa forma contraída

singular There is a restaurant.There is an egg.

There’s a restaurant.There’s an egg.

plural There are some grapes.

negativa forma contraída

singular There is not a restaurant.There is not an egg.

There isn’t a restaurant.There isn’t an egg.

plural There are not any grapes.

There aren’t any grapes.

• usamos there is con nombres en singular, mientras que there are va con nombres en plural

There is a shop next to the school. Hay una tienda al lado del instituto. There are three swimming pools in our town. Hay tres piscinas en nuestra ciudad. • para formar la negativa usamos not There isn’t (is not) a gym. No hay ningún gimnasio. There aren’t (are not) any restaurants. No hay restaurantes / ningún restaurante.

• empleamos a y an delante de nombres contables en singular

• a se usa cuando el nombre empieza por consonante a village

a hospitala sports centre

• an se usa cuando el nombre empieza por vocal o h muda

an applean ice creaman hour

• usamos some y any con nombres no contables y con nombres contables en plural

• en las oraciones afirmativas usamos some, mientras que en las interrogativas y las negativas usamos any

There is some cheese. There isn’t any cheese. There are some tomatoes. Are there any tomatoes?

Nombres contables y no contables• los nombres contables tienen singular y plural banana bananas

strawberry strawberries• los nombres no contables no tienen plural porque

no se pueden contar water ✓ waters ✗ food ✓ foods ✗

Is there … ? Are there … ?preguntas y respuestas breves

singular Is there a menu?

Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.

plural Are there any pizzas?

Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.

• en interrogativa el orden de las palabras cambia There’s a café near the park. Hay una cafetería cerca del parque. Is there a café near the park? ¿Hay alguna cafetería cerca del parque? There are some cakes on the table. Hay (unos / algunos) pasteles encima de la mesa. Are there any cakes on the table? ¿Hay pasteles / algún pastel encima de la mesa?

How much …? How many …?• usamos How much …? (¿Cuánto/a?) con nombres

no contables How much fat is there in a chocolate cake? ¿Cuánta grasa hay en un pastel de chocolate? There’s a lot. / There isn’t much. Un montón. / No hay mucha.• How many …? (¿Cuántos/as?) se usa con nombres

contables en plural How many bags of crisps are there in the kitchen? ¿Cuántas bolsas de patatas fritas hay en la cocina? There are a lot. / There aren’t many. Hay muchas. / No hay muchas.

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4 Complete the sentences with a, an, some or any.

There’s a piece of cake for you.1 Have you got crisps?2 There are great sports facilities here.3 I need ice cream. It’s so hot!4 I can cycle for hour.5 Are there calories in insects?6 There isn’t swimming pool in the

sports centre.7 Is there money on the desk?

Countable and uncountable nouns

5 Complete the table with the words in the box.

orange apple water fruit spinach people money rice potato librarygroup school friend meat pasta

countable uncountableapple

6 Complete the sentences with the correct word in brackets.

We need some water . (water / apple) 1 He’s got three . (orange / friends)2 Is there any ? (libraries / meat)3 They haven’t got any . ( potato /

money)4 There are some . (spinach / apples)5 How many are there? (people /

group)6 Are there any ? (eggs / sugar)

there is / there are + a / an, some and any1 Complete the sentences with There is or There are.

There is a gym in our school.1 two cinemas in my town.2 a skate park next to the bowling alley. 3 some great classes at the sports

centre.4 Oh no! five pizzas and six people.5 some cold water in the fridge.6 protein in meat.


There isn’t / There aren’t any fruit for breakfast.1 There isn’t / There aren’t any bananas in this

smoothie. 2 There isn’t / There aren’t an Indian restaurant

near our house. 3 There isn’t / There aren’t any fish on the menu. 4 There isn’t / There aren’t any vitamins in this

meal.5 There isn’t / There aren’t any salt in this bag

of crisps. 6 There isn’t / There aren’t any skate parks in

my town.

3 Correct the questions.

How many shopping centres there are in this area?

How many shopping centres are there in this area? 1 There is a café next to the swimming pool? 2 How much calories there are in a chocolate

cake? 3 There are a drinks machine here? 4 How many milk there is in the fridge? 5 There is any strawberries for dessert? 6 There are some fruit on the table?

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Adjetivos comparativos• el comparativo nos permite comparar dos cosas;

su forma depende de la longitud del adjetivo:

adjetivos cortos y adjetivos acabados en -y

It’s cheaper than a hotel. It’s busier than a village.

adjetivos largos

It’s more expensive than camping.It’s more comfortable.

adjetivos irregulares

good – better bad – worseIt’s better than camping in the rain!

Reglas ortográ cas• los adjetivos cortos acabados en 1 vocal + 1

consonante doblan la consonante y añaden -erhot ➜ hotter big ➜ bigger

• los adjetivos cortos acabados en -y cambian la y por i y añaden -ertidy ➜ tidier noisy ➜ noisier

• los adjetivos largos llevan delante la palabra moreexpensive ➜ more expensiveintelligent ➜ more intelligent

• ¡los adjetivos irregulares no siguen estas reglas!good ➜ better bad ➜ worse

• los adjetivos comparativos van seguidos de than My room is bigger than yours. Mi habitación es mayor que la tuya.

This chair is more comfortable than the sofa. Esta silla es más cómoda que el sofá.

Preposiciones de lugar

can / can’tafirmativa

I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They can drive.

negativa

I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They cannot drive.

forma contraída

I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They can’t drive.

• can expresa posibilidad (o imposibilidad) y permiso

You can stay for two weeks. Puedes quedarte dos semanas. We can’t visit the museum on Monday. It’s closed. No podemos visitar el museo el lunes, está cerrado.• detrás de can va un verbo en infinitivo sin to

preguntas y respuestas brevesCan I / you open the door?

Yes, I can. No, I can’t.

Can he / she / it open the door?

Yes, he / she / it can. No, he / she / it can’t.

Can we / you / they … ?

Yes, we / you / they can. No, we / you / they can’t.

• en interrogativa, el orden de las palabras cambia They can stay in a caravan park. Pueden quedarse en un camping para caravanas. Can they stay in a caravan park? ¿Pueden quedarse en un camping para caravanas?

must / mustn’tafirmativa

I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They must be quiet.

negativa

I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They must not shout.

forma contraída

I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They mustn’t shout.

• usamos must para referirnos a normas, leyes y obligaciones

You must wear a uniform at this school. En esta escuela tienes que ir de uniforme.• mustn’t expresa prohibición You mustn’t talk in the library. No se puede hablar en la biblioteca.• detrás de must / mustn’t usamos un verbo sin to

Grammar reference

• sirven para indicar dónde están las cosas

The TV is on the table. The book is in the bag. Jon is under the tree Sally is between Joe and Amy. There’s a park in front of our house. The table is opposite the bed. The café is next to our school. Sarah sits behind my brother in class.

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in front of

in

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under

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Prepositions of place


The cinema is next to / under the park. 1 Susie’s coat is at / in the wardrobe.2 We’re between / on the train.3 There’s a park in front of / between my house.4 In class, Alan usually sits between / in Kevin

and Stacey.5 The café is on / opposite the sports club.

can / can’t5 Write sentences with the affirmative, negative or

question form of can.

You / stay / in the library / until 5pm ✓

You can stay in the library until 5pm.1 He / stay out / late ✗

2 You / be noisy / in class ? 3 We / have a party / in the street ✗

4 She / have / pets ✓

5 We / go / to the concert / this Saturday ? 6 We / watch TV/ before dinner ✓

7 You / use / your mobile phone / in class ✗

must / mustn’t6 Complete the sentences with must or mustn’t.

You mustn’ t be noisy in class.1 We speak Spanish in our English

lesson.2 They wear a school uniform.3 You leave rubbish on the street.4 Professional footballers train every

day.5 You do your homework before you go

to bed.6 We listen to our teacher.

Comparative adjectives

1 Write the comparative form of the adjective.

healthy 5 wide healthier 1 strong 6 red 2 intelligent 7 tidy

3 bad 8 comfortable

4 late 9 popular

2 Circle the correct word.

Rob is more tall / taller than Katie.1 Her flat is moderner / more modern than ours.2 You are gooder / better at maths than I am.3 Joe’s room is tidier / tidyer than Linda’s.4 A five star hotel is more comfortable /

comfortabler than a caravan.5 That computer is expensiver / more expensive

than this one.

3 Write sentences comparing these things. Use the adjectives in brackets.

cheetah / lion (fast) A cheetah is faster than a lion.1 Chinese / English (difficult) 2 Everest / Annapurna (high) 3 vegetables / hamburgers (healthy) 4 a hotel / camping (expensive) 5 a barge / a car (slow)

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was / wereafirmativaI was

You were

He / She / It was

We / You / They were

• was y were se usan para hablar de situaciones y estados del pasado

The Pokémon game was Japanese. El juego de Pokémon era japonés. They were in their French class at 9.30am. A las 9.30 de la mañana estaban en clase de francés.

negativa forma contraídaI was not I wasn’t

You were not You weren’t

He / She / It was not He / She / It wasn’t

We / You / They were not We / You / They weren’t

• para formar la negativa usamos not She wasn’t (was not) at the party. Ella no estaba / estuvo en la fiesta. They weren’t (were not) happy. No estaban contentos.

preguntas y respuestas brevesWas I at home?

Yes, I was. No, I wasn’t.

Were you at home?

Yes, you were. No, you weren’t.

Was he / she / it … ?

Yes, he / she / it was. No, he / she / it wasn’t.

Were we / you / they … ?

Yes, we / you / they were. No, we / you / they weren’t.

• en interrogativa, el orden de las palabras cambia You were on holiday last week. La semana pasada estabas de vacaciones. Were you on holiday last week? ¿Estuviste de vacaciones la semana pasada?• las partículas interrogativas van al principio de la

oración Where were you born? ¿Dónde naciste? When was the last school holiday? ¿Cuándo fueron las últimas vacaciones escolares? What was on TV last night? ¿Qué echaron anoche por la tele?

there was / there wereafirmativa negativa

singular There was a TV. There wasn’t a TV.

plural There were some games.

There weren’t any games.

preguntas y respuestas breves

singular Was there a TV?

Yes, there was. No, there wasn’t.

plural Were there any games?

Yes, there were. No, there weren’t.

El past simple en a rmativa: los verbos regularesafirmativa

I / You arrived last week.

He / She / It arrived last week.

We / You / They arrived last week.

• usamos el past simple para expresar acciones o situaciones ocurridas en el pasado

I arrived home at 5pm. Llegué a casa a las 5 de la tarde. We played computer games last night. Anoche jugamos a videojuegos.• el past simple es igual para todas las personas• se forma añadiendo -ed o -d al infinitivo de los

verbos regulares

Reglas ortográ cas para el past simple en a rmativa• la mayoría de los verbos añaden -ed

help ➜ helped• los verbos acabados en -e añaden -d

love ➜ loved• los acabados en consonante + y cambian la y por

una i y añaden -ed tidy ➜ tidied

• los verbos monosílabos acabados en vocal + consonante (que no sea w, x o y) doblan la consonante final y añaden -ed stop ➜ stopped

• los bisílabos acabados en vocal + consonante y con el acento en la primera sílaba añaden -ed visit ➜ visited

• los bisílabos acabados en vocal + consonante y con el acento en la última sílaba doblan la consonante final antes de añadir -ed permit ➜ permitted

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there was / there were4 Circle the correct words.

There was / were three computers in the library.1 There was / were an exhibition of old trains. 2 There was / were games consoles in the 1980s. 3 There was / were a chat show on TV last night.4 There was / were plastic toys in the museum.5 There was / were a good film on at the cinema.

5 Complete the questions with Was or Were and the short answers with was(n’t) or were(n’t).

Was there a bag on the table? Yes, there was .

1 there a TV in her bedroom? No, there .

2 there any mini-consoles in the 1990s? Yes, there .

3 there a sports programme on television? Yes, there .

4 there a garden in your grandma’s house? Yes, there .

5 there any home computers in the 1970s? No, there .

Past simple af rmative: regular verbs

6 Complete the sentences with the past simple affirmative form of the verbs in brackets.

Walt Disney invented Mickey Mouse. (invent) 1 Television in the USA in the 1950s.

(arrive)2 I games when I was young. (love)3 We arcade games in the 1990s. (play)4 My mum to my grandparents last

night. (talk)5 When he was young, my dad to the

radio. (listen)6 They a film on TV yesterday. (watch)

Past simple af rmative spelling rules

7 Write the past simple form of the regular verbs.

watch watched 4 stop 1 study 5 try 2 live 6 permit 3 plan 7 start

was / were

1 Complete the sentences with was / were.

I was at the gym yesterday.1 My brother in the park at 4.30pm.2 They at my house last night.3 We in the mountains on Saturday.4 Julie on the bus.5 The cinema in front of the library.6 You late for school this morning.

2 Rewrite the sentences in the negative form using the information in brackets.

I was in the living room. (bathroom) I wasn’t in the living room. I was in the bathroom.1 We were at the sports club. (at the museum) 2 My friends were in the garden. (in my house) 3 My dad was in Bilbao. (Cádiz) 4 They were opposite the shopping centre. (next to) 5 Tim was at school. (at my party)

3 Write questions. Then write short answers.

you / at the beach yesterday? ✓

Were you at the beach yesterday? Yes, I was.1 your parents / at the football match ✓

2 Dave / in the library at 11am? ✗

3 we / in our English class at 10pm? ✗

4 Paula / in Seville two days ago? ✓

5 they / at the party last weekend? ✗

6 you and your brother / in London last

month? ✓

7 the film / good last night? ✗

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Past simple: a rmativa y negativaafirmativaI / You listened

He / She / It listened

We / You / They listened

• usamos la misma forma verbal en pasado para todas las personas

• los verbos regulares en pasado acaban en -ed (consulta las reglas ortográficas en la página 96)

• muchos verbos son irregulares y tienen formas de pasado diferentes (en la página 158 hay una lista de los más comunes)

negativa forma contraídaI / You did not listen I / You didn’t listen

He / She / It did not listen He / She / It didn’t listen

We / You / They did not listen

We / You / They didn’t listen

• la negativa se forma con didn’t (did not) + el verbo en infinitivo sin to y también es igual en todas las personas del singular y del plural

We didn’t have MP3 players. ✓ No teníamos reproductores MP3. We didn’t had MP3 players. ✗

Past simple: preguntas y respuestas brevespreguntas y respuestas brevesDid I / you play?

Yes, I / you did. No, I / you didn’t.

Did he / she / it play?

Yes, he / she / it did. No, he / she / it didn’t.

Did we / you / they play?

Yes, we / you / they did. No, we / you / they didn’t.

• en interrogativa, el orden de las palabras cambia They bought old records. Compraron discos antiguos. Did they buy old records? ¿Compraron discos antiguos?• en las respuestas breves no se repite el verbo,

sólo usamos el sujeto y did o didn’t Did you download music? ¿Te descargaste música? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. ✓ Sí / No. Yes, I downloaded. / No, I didn’t download. ✗

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4 you / leave / What time / school / did ? 5 go / she / to the festival / Did ?

5 Look at the information in the table. Write questions and short answers.

Lucy Rick Jim and Alison

place Edinburgh Manchester London

transport car train bus

activity see Highland dancing

go to music festival

play in an orchestra

Lucy / travel / by car? Did Lucy travel by car? Yes, she did.1 Lucy / see / a concert? 2 Lucy / stay / in Edinburgh? 3 Rick / go / Manchester? 4 Rick / play in a band? 5 Jim and Alison / play / in an orchestra?


They comed to our party last Friday. They came to our par ty last Friday.1 Last night, he studyed until 11pm. 2 Yesterday, we meeted our friends at the

cinema. 3 She didn’t bought any concert tickets. 4 He didn’t composed that opera. 5 She had a good time? 6 Where they went last holiday?

Past simple: af rmative and negative

1 Write the past simple affirmative form of the irregular verbs.

come came 4 know 1 have 5 meet 2 give 6 leave 3 make 7 take

2 Complete the sentences with the past simple affirmative form of the verbs in the box.

go begin become buy see wear

I bought a new MP3 player last week.1 The Walkman® popular in the 1980s.2 I singing in the choir last summer.3 They to a great concert on Saturday.4 Yesterday he jeans.5 I some traditional Highland dancing

when I was on holiday in Scotland.

3 Rewrite the sentences in the negative form.

She went to Italy last year. She didn’ t go to Italy last year. 1 He played the drums when he was younger. 2 We watched a great programme last night. 3 The festival started at 10pm. 4 Adele wrote the lyrics for that song in 2012. 5 Her hit song sold one million copies.

Past simple: questions and short answers


you / play / When / did / the guitar ? When did you play the gui tar? 1 they / did / How / go / to the concert ? 2 Caroline / that song / Why / like / did ? 3 learn / she / Where / to sing / did ?

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be going toafirmativa forma contraídaI am going to visit relatives. I’m going to visit relatives.

You are going to visit relatives.

You’re going to visit relatives.

He / She / It is going to visit relatives.

He / She / It’s going to visit relatives.

We / You / They are going to visit relatives.

We / You / They’re going to visit relatives.

• usamos be going to para expresar planes o intenciones

I’m going to have fun. Voy a pasármelo bien. You’re going to watch street parades. Vas a ver desfiles por las calles. She’s going to decorate the house. Va a decorar la casa.• la estructura es la siguiente: sujeto + am / is / are

+ going to + verbo

negativa forma contraídaI am not going to stay. I’m not going to stay.

You are not going to stay. You aren’t going to stay.

He / She / It is not going to stay.

He / She / It isn’t going to stay.

We / You / They are not going to stay.

We / You / They aren’t going to stay.

• not se usa para formar la negativa I’m not (am not) going to make a birthday cake. No voy a hacer una / ninguna tarta de cumpleaños. He isn’t (is not) going to have dinner in a

restaurant. Él no va a cenar en un restaurante. They aren’t (are not) going to visit us. No van a visitarnos.

preguntas y respuestas brevesAm I going to eat?


Are you going to eat?


Is he / she / it going to eat?


Are we / you / they going to eat?


• en interrogativa, el orden de las palabras cambia You are going to celebrate your birthday. Vas a celebrar tu cumpleaños Are you going to celebrate your birthday? ¿Vas a celebrar tu cumpleaños? Yes, I am. No, I’m not. Sí / No

Los pronombres objetopronombres sujetoI you he she it we you they

pronombres objetome you him her it us you them

My cousin is called Tom. I phone him every day. Mi primo se llama Tom. Lo llamo por teléfono todos los días. Sally eats biscuits every day. She loves them! Sally come galletas todos los días. ¡Le encantan!

El present continuous para planes futuros• usamos el present continuous para hablar de

planes personales decididos de antemano para un futuro cercano

• suele ir acompañado de una expresión temporal de futuro

What time are they meeting? They’re meeting at six o’clock.

¿A qué hora se reúnen? A las seis. When are they having the party? They’re having

the party this afternoon. ¿Cuándo dan / van a dar la fiesta? Esta tarde.

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4 Complete the questions with be going to and the verbs in the box. Then write short answers.

celebrate eat invite meet play travel watch

Are you going to play football this week? ✓ Yes, I am.

1 your sister pasta for dinner? ✗

2 your classmates a film? ✗

3 your brother his birthday? ✗

4 we by car? ✓

5 you me to the party? ✓

6 I them at the airport? ✗

Object pronouns


I / she don’t like him / they. 1 That’s dad’s new computer. He loves

she / it.2 Are they going to the festival with she / us?3 Do you want these sweets? I don’t want they /

them.4 Where are they? I can’t see she / them.5 We study here. Those books are for I / us.

Present continuous for future plans

6 Write sentences in the present continuous.

We / go to the park / after school We’re going to the park af ter school. 1 I / visit my grandparents / this evening 2 He / do an exam / tomorrow 3 My cousin / fly to Germany / next weekend 4 We / watch / TV / tonight 5 We / meet / them / at the restaurant /

tomorrow

be going to1 Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative

form of be going to.

We are going to visit friends after school. 1 They have cereal for

breakfast.2 She watch the street parades

on Sunday.3 I have dinner in a restaurant

tomorrow.4 Jo celebrate after her exams.5 It be great!

2 Write affirmative sentences with be going to.

My brother / come to the party on Friday. My brother is going to come to the party on Friday.1 We / give our teacher a present 2 The festival / be fantastic 3 She / sing in a new band next month 4 I / do more sport next year 5 My parents / travel to Thailand next summer

3 Rewrite the sentences using the correct negative form of be going to and the information in brackets.

I’m going to stay with friends. (my grandma) I ’m not going to stay with friends. I ’m going to stay with my grandma.1 They’re going to watch a film. (do their homework) 2 Pete’s going to sing at the party. (in church) 3 We’re going to send a card. (buy a present) 4 Sue’s going to come for dinner. (go to the

cinema) 5 You’re going to study French. (study English)

Grammar exercises

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Documents

Pulse 1 Grammar Reference castellano...Este es mi amigo. Estos son mis hermanos. • usamos that y those cuando algo queda lejos That is my bike. Those are my sisters. Esa es mi bici