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Publishing research articles: a Publishing research articles: a
look on the insidelook on the inside
Presented by: Sholpan Askarova, PhDPresented by: Sholpan Askarova, PhD
• Kazakhstan now moves forward to join the rest of the developed world in all areas, and science is not an exception. Currently, Kazakhstan is putting a lot of effort toward development of scientific and technological potential. In 2011 the government has invested $178.6 million into science. However, in 2012 the amount of funding has grown by 40% and now is $331.3 million.
• In the new light of development and funding opportunities, our researchers need to prove their worth to the world’s scientific arena. However, the best way to achieve this goal is publishing scientific results in international peer reviewed journals with high impact. Indeed, one of the critical measures of the successful scientist is his or her publications.
• In this regards, Kazakhstan and other Central Asian countries are far behind in publication rate and impact in comparisons with such nations as US, Japan, Korea, Russia etc. Only 439 articles were published in peer reviewed journals from Kazakhstani researchers; the publication rate of other Central Asian countries is even lower. Despite the fact that this number is gradually grown over the last decade, it is still insufficient.
Why the publication Why the publication rate of our scientists is rate of our scientists is
so low?so low?• Language barrier
• Money
• Do not know how to publish
• How to find a journal
• How to organize your paper
• Writing tricks for non native speakers
How to start?How to start?• You need to finish your research!
Alternative systems Alternative systems for searchingfor searching
• Scopus (http://info.scopus.com)- searching platform of Elsevier
• SiteSeer – free of charge • Scirus – free of charge• Google Scholar
Manuscript Manuscript organizationorganization
Title Should be catchy and informative!
Abstract Should be short and informative
Key words Should be KEY WORDS!
Introduction What did you study and why?
Materials and Methods What did you do?
Results What did you find?
Discussion What does it mean?
Acknowledgements “Thank you” notes
References References
TitleTitle• Evaluation of a potential application of cell
therapeutic approaches in treatment of osteoporosis
• Directing mesenchymal stem cells to bone to induce bone formation and reduce bone mass loss
• Bisphosphonate based polymer as a foundation of cell therapy for treatment of osteoporosis
• Targeted Cell Therapy for Treatment of Osteoporosis
AbstractAbstract
• Abstract is a mini version of the article!
• If it is well written, it gives a brief introduction to the article
• It should describe the main goal of the research, methods, results and conclusion
• The maximum length – 250 words
Key wordsKey words• The main objective – to increase the chance to find your paper
among millions!
• Key words should be different from those, your have used in the title
• Key words should cover the aspects, which are missing in the title
An example:
• Title: Targeted Cell Therapy for Treatment of Osteoporosis
• Key words: bisphosphonate based polymer, mesenchymal stem cells, bone regeneration, osteoporosis
IntroductionIntroduction
• Establishing a context
• Reviewing the literature
• Establishing a research gap
• Stating the purpose
Materials and methodsMaterials and methods
• Your experiments must be repeatable!
• “Materials and methods” section should provide detailed description of your experiments!
ResultsResults• It is a central part of your paper!
• Present only facts
• Present the facts in a form of graphs, equations, tables, photos, and pictures
• Provide short resuming comments
Are
a of
gre
en f
luor
esce
nce/
tot
al a
rea
of b
one
chip
s
PAP-f-NHS PBP-f-NHS
P=0.035
A
B
C
An example
Fig.1. PBP-f-NHS modified HL60 cells exhibited bone affinity Bone chips were incubated with PAP-f-NHS ( control polymer without bone
targeting moiety) (A) or PBP-f-NHS (B) modified HL60 cells, washed 3 times, imaged and analyzed (C). PBP-f-NHS modified HL60 cells exhibited significantly
greater bone affinity compared to control polymer. 26 images in total were analyzed; data are presented as mean (n=13) ±SEM; mean differences between
experimental groups were tested with unpaired t-test.
A
a
control histamine
0.5 µM Aβ 1 µM Aβ
adstatin
eLat A
statin +Aβ
B
1 µM
lat A
Rela
tive
F-a
ctin
in
ten
sity
f cont
rol
hist
amin
e0.
5 µM
Aβ
1 µM
Aβ
stat
in+
1µM
Aβ
20 µ
M s
tatin
0
1
2
***
***
ººº
***
****
bEnd3
Fig.2. Fluorescent images of oregon-green phalloidin-stained bEnd3 cells (A); relative F-actin intensity in mouse bEnd3 (B); Aβ42 promoted
actin polymerization within CECs and lovastatin decreased F-actin fluorescence (green, 40X, NA 0.95 objective).
*** - p ≤ 0.001, ** - p ≤ 0.01, * - p ≤ 0.05 compare to the control;ººº - p ≤ 0.001 compare to the Aβ (1 µM) treatment.
An example
Discussion Discussion • In this section you move from specific information
(“Materials and Methods”, “Results”) to the general interpretation of the results:o Repeat the main results;o Explain your results;o Compare the results with data, published previously; o Remind about the aims and objectives of your research;o Discuss, if your results support your hypothesis;o Discuss the weaknesses;o Offer practical or theoretical applications of your research;o Suggest future directions.
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
I would like to thank my mentors Dr. Shalakhmetova Tamara and Dr. James C-M. Lee. They provided me with invaluable support and guidance. It was a truly meaningful experience toward my professional development.
ReferencesReferences
http://nocmu.sfu-kras.ru/sites/mioc.sfu-kras.ru/files/Kak_napisat_i_opublikovat_statyu_v_mezhdunarodnom_nauchnom_zhurnale_0.pdfКак написать и опубликовать статью в международном научном журнале
Use EndNote!
Writing tricks for non Writing tricks for non English speakersEnglish speakers
• Read a lot!
• Pay attention not only to the context of the paper, but also to the words and phrases used by the authors
• Create your own professional dictionary
If you write on Russian or If you write on Russian or
Kazakh and mean to ask Kazakh and mean to ask
somebody to translate your somebody to translate your
paper:paper:
oWrite as simple as possible;
oDo not use metaphors, allegories etc.;
oAvoid long sentences.
GOOD LUCK!GOOD LUCK!